Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Agriculture – Innovations technologiques – Angola'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Agriculture – Innovations technologiques – Angola.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Wankana, Kalea Miguel João. "Les transformations dans l'agriculture en Angola et le processus d'innovation." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUEL006.
Full textBoudis, Mohamed. "L'appropriation d'une innovation technologique en milieu agricole marocain." Toulouse 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU20029.
Full textAs concerns technological innovation, the searchers were used to consider that the users who introduce it do that simply obtain technical and economical performances. They have neglicted cetainly that the use of technology depends on what subject intend to do with and properly his manner to give it sense. We have seen across the appropriation of technologic innovatioin (tractor) by morocan farmers that the sense which require technology is not especially economical and techni (fonctional aspect). The subjects give sense to innovation according to their situation. Undoubtedly they act not only a farmers, but as family heads and society members also. The theory of activities system in which we have elaborate our approach has led us to evoke the representation of innovation. This representation can be fonctional, social, psycho-oci or psycho-affective. When the representation is fonctional the subject intend to realize some technical and economical performances. This is not the case when the representation is social because the subject give importance to the values o innovation. The subject can represent technology innovation as a mean to new relationships, this is psychosocial representation. Finaly he can intend to be considered as a person who has an esteem. It is wrong to imagine that farmers represent technology innovation exclusively according to one of the representations we have describe. It is only questio giving much more importance to a representation. This is the representation which go with the subject situation. We have postulated in begining that innovation is a reply to the disturbances that a subject feels in his his own situation. We postulated again that the innovation introduce the newx disturbances against what the subject tries to give new replies. Light of this we have seen that farmers are not the passive persons. The farmers are actives because they aren't dispose accept what the decidors want that they accept. They have their own rationaity according to which they give sense to events. The serious error a decidor can commit is to neglect this rationality
Kanteres, Nikistratos. "Recherche agronomique, innovations techniques et modernisation de l'agriculture : le cas de la Grèce." Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100099.
Full textTreillon, Roland. "Les chemins de l'innovation dans les filières agro-alimentaires des pays en développement : une grille socio-économique pour comprendre et gérer le changement." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ECAP0221.
Full textGaulin, Jean-Louis. "Pietro de'Crescenzi et l'agronomie en Italie : 12e-14e siècle." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010593.
Full textThe liber ruralium commodorum, written by the Italian lawyer Pietro De'Crescenzi (Bologna, about 1230-1320), is the main treatise on agriculture bequeathed to us by the middle ages. Based on a wide philologic and codicologic study (part of latin text is published in the appendix) and on analysis of unedited documents from bologna archives, the thesis successively considers the agronomic renaissance, the treatise's contribution to history of North-Italian countryside, and its wide circulation. More than the author's knowledge or the scolastic way he manage his sources, the real originality of the book, in its cultural context, lies in its aim of providing an elogy of agriculture (that gives utilitas and delectatio) and in the return to ancient agronomy, which distinguishes it from literary production of its period (chap. 1-3). The main interest of the text is the informations it provides both about agrarian structures and practices (often confirmed by other data) and on the way in which the author, intellectual and landowner, looked at rural life (relations men nature, techniques of production, manor life are studied in chap. 4-6). Having discussed the manuscript transmission (chap. 7) and studied 14th and 15th century readers, the thesis concludes with the real interest shown this book by a broad public (from "ceto medio" to aristocracy), distant enough from rural realities to appreciate this treatise as an art of living in the countryside
Makany, Likinzou André Séraphin. "Innovations et pratiques sociétales : cas du manioc au Congo." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON10064.
Full textDiagne, Aminata. "Adoption et impact des innovations technologiques agricoles dans les filières maïs et arachide au Sénégal." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67886.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the issue of the adoption and impact of technological innovations in agriculture. Its general objective is to analyze the adoption and impact of agricultural technological innovations disseminated by the West African Agricultural Productivity Program (WAAPP) in the maize and groundnut sectors in Senegal. Innovations are improved varieties of rain-fed maize and a machine for treating peanut oil against aflatoxins called the aflatoxin treatment table. To achieve the objective of our thesis, after a general introduction we have developed two chapters using a quantitative approach and a chapter using a qualitative approach. The first quantitative chapter focused on the analysis of the dynamic and adoption factors of improved maize seeds in Eastern Senegal and Haute Casamance. Results show that the path of improved maize seeds adoption Senegal follows a dynamic of several adopter groups and that the adoption factors can be heterogeneous between the groups. The second quantitative chapter evaluated the gender influence on agricultural technological innovations adoption and determined the factors of the results heterogeneity found through a meta-analysis involving 124 empirical studies. The results showed that on average being a woman has a negative and significant influence on the agricultural technologies adoption. This influence differs however when analyzed according to the type of agricultural technologies. Indeed it is negative and significant for improved seeds and not significant for fertilizer-type technologies or good agricultural practices. The qualitative chapter studied the adoption and effects of artisanal peanut oil treatment tables in groups in the peanut basin of Senegal. Results show that aflatoxin is a phenomenon whose consequences are not well known by the groups of women encountered. The adoption of the table was made entirely in some groups and partially in others. The adoption of the table increased the income of women's groups, improved the financial autonomy of women, improved their knowledge of aflatoxins, and strengthened their capacities.
Russo, Paola Sabina. "Territoires, institutions et politiques publiques en matière de biotechnologies agricoles : les OGM en grandes cultures : étude comparée France (Moyenne-Garonne) - Italie (Emilie-Romagne)." Paris 8, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA083597.
Full textResearch on the propagation of agronomic GMOs in Europe has thus far focused on issues of political, economic and social regulation of this technological innovation, with emphasis on either a macroeconomic, sectoral or territorial type of approach, but has rarely attempted to combine the three. This thesis proposes a comprehensive approach to the governance issues posed by the propagation of this agronomic innovation, in terms of various spatial patterns and time scales, across extensive farming systems producing cereals (maize) and oilseeds (soybean, colza). Whether to replace chemical pesticides or to modify their conditions of use, seeds that have been genetically modified to tolerate specific herbicides and/or resist specific pests offer farmers new means for crop protection. How do the host environments react to the constraints imposed by the innovation? How do those environments reconcile the associated risks and benefits? In what ways are agrarian, social and mental structures likely to resist or on the contrary facilitate technical change? These were the questions that led us to undertake this work, joining the current of research on the dissemination of innovations in agriculture. We adopted a multi-scalar approach in order to gain an understanding of the stakes involved in the propagation of agronomic GMOs, not only at the global and European levels – and more specifically in two Member States, France and Italy – but also on an infra-national scale, in the regions of Emilia-Romagna and Moyenne-Garonne
La ricerca sulla diffusione degli OGM agronomici in Europa ha finora affrontato i problemi di regolazione politica, economica et sociale dell'innovazione da un punto di vista macroeconomico, settoriale o territoriale ma raramente essa a tentato una sintesi dei tre approcci. Questa tesi propone un approccio comprensivo ai problemi di "governanza" posti di la diffusione, a differenti scale spaziali et temporali, di una innovazione agronomica destinata al comparto delle grandi culture, più specificamente, al settore maidicolo e a quello delle oleaginose. Ora sostituendosi ai pesticidi chimici, ore modificandone le condizioni d'uso, le sementi modificate geneticamente per resistere agli attacchi di alcuni insetti o/e per tollerare certi erbicidi offrono agli agricoltori uno strumento supplementare per la protezione delle colture. Come viene valuto il rapporto rischi/benefici ? Di che natura sono la resistenze o le facilità che le strutture agrarie, sociali e mentali possono opporre o offrire al cambiamento ? Come regiscono i territori ai vincoli giuridici, normativi et tecnici impostidalle instituzioni ed dal mercato nonché dalla natura stessa dell'innovazione ? Tali sono i quesiti che ci hanno spinto ad intraprendere questo lavoro di ricerca che si inserisce nel vasto ambito degli studi sulla diffusione delle innovazioni in agricoltora. L'obiettivo che ci proponiamo é di far luce su alcune delle problematiche sollevate dalla diffusione degli OGM agronomici non solo a livello mondiale et europeo, et più specificamente in due Stati membri - l'Italia et la Francia - ma anche a livello infranazionale, in Emilia Romagna e in Moyenne-Garonne. Il nostro approccio é dunque multiscalare
Sanon, Edène. "Le rôle des groupements villageois dans les transformations agraires chez les Bobo, Burkina Faso." Paris École des hautes études en sciences sociales, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0055.
Full textSibelet, Nicole. "L'innovation en milieu paysan ou la capacité des acteurs locaux à innover en présence d'intervenants extérieurs : nouvelles pratiques de fertilisation et mise en bocage dans le Niumakélé, Anjouan, Comores." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INAPA001.
Full textPaulino, Sonia Régina. "Réglementation environnementale et processus d'innovation dans le secteur des phytosanitaires." Toulouse 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU10045.
Full textIn France as well as in other major world markets, environmental regulations of pesticide products have become progressively tighter, opening up new perspectives for innovative processes and competition. This thesis shows to what extent the adaptation of the product mix (range) to the regulatory framework is part of these changes. The analysis of the regulatory framework and of its changes shows how public intervention takes into account the various dimensions of the environment. The pesticide sector reacts first by restructuring itself and organizing the innovation process so as to fit the new quality standards, along two axes: reaction on the basis of aging technologies or development of new avenues for research. Later, manufacturers attempt to participate in the setting up of new regulations and norms. They differentiate their product mix according to market regulations. If large agro-chemical manufacturers pool their efforts to influence the evolution of the regulatory framework, this evolution may in turn influence their respective competitiveness. This in turn may affect the innovation strategies
Traoré, Aurokiatou. "Recherche agronomique et pratiques paysannes à l'ouest du Burkina Faso." Paris 8, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA082907.
Full textBurkinabe's agriculture is characterized by the weakness of its ressources and the low technical nature of its farmers. Faced with the requirements of food self-sufficiency and competitiveness, it tries to respond to requests related to new issues of social and economic change. Institutional, political and technical actions had an impact on rural development but production systems are vulnerable and the conflicts that arise from these quests for survival or better conditions are hardly a definitive solution, as at the "witness box", a key player is missing : the State. The obstacles to the adoption of the technologies proposed by the Agricultural Research often expressed by a certain lack. Given the vulnerability of production systems, several approaches have been developed. These approaches attempts to integrate the specific interest and motivations of the different stakeholders but they are often at odds with the social demands and the peasant practices. So, there are two systems interpretation of development (one of the panellists and the peasants), which are parallel, sometimes competing. We conclude then that a sustainable articulation between the practices of development actors and those of peasants requires a setting up of new intervention methods in rural areas. This thesis attempts to assess the factors influencing the relationship between the practices of including agronomic research and the peasants practices
Amouzou, Essè. "Impacts socio-économiques et causes d'échec des projets de développement en milieu rural : étude de cas : le projet d'installation des jeunes agriculteurs au Togo." Paris 8, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA08A001.
Full textCittadini, Roberto. "Articulation entre les organismes de recherche et de développement et les collectivités rurales locales : l'action de l'INTA dans le Bassin du Salado en Argentine et le cas de la localité de Lezama." Toulouse 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU20012.
Full textThe purpose of our research has been to give indications for improving articulation between the knowledge of agricultural technical institutions (like inta) and the family-farmers knowledges. This work is based on the analysis of a local knowledge system. It has been analysed the structuration of technical dialogue networks that are the support of different local thought systems. Thos thought systems correspond to various specific modalidies of agricultural production. Simultaneously, we realised a typology based on farmers capitals and another on forrage systems. Our method combined network analysis with typological analysis of farms and this allowed us to understand the functionning of those networks. In this context, this research allows to identify the limits of technicians rol in this local knowledge system. Their rol is inefficient because they only have contacts with a sub-unit of the network. This work allows us to set up a debate on a new intervention strategy for inta
Isangu, Mwana-Mfumu. "Innovation et changement social en République Démocratique du Congo : l'introduction du niébé au Kwango." Toulouse 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU20074.
Full textIn the 80's, the people in the region of Kwango, in the Democratic Republic of Congo, started growing niebe, a crop unknown until then. I wanted to explore the factors of that trend, and the changes it brought in that society. I went through the approaches adopted by scientists who studied the diffusion of innovations, and I did my fieldwork in the concerned region. These made me single out the crisis that affected the Kwango society as the main factor of the diffusion of niebe. For the society as a whole, what was at stake is getting out of that crisis. For the individuals, the aim in adopting that crop was power. This is shown by the changes that took place in that society that was undergoing a deep social change due to the end of the dictator rule. The activities related to the niebe crop were the one giving access of power. The fact that the whole society of Kwango does not show signs of local development yet made me look for the obstacles due to become the target of later development actions
Chambon, Bénédicte. "De l'innovation technique dans les sociétés paysannes : la diffusion de la monoculture clonale d'hévéa à Kalimantan Ouest, Indonésie." Montpellier 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON10025.
Full textEstates have adopted rubber clonal monoculture since the 1930's. It is a complex technique that necessitates technicality ; smallholders who are used to extensive and agroforestry system do not generally have the technicality required. In 1973, the Indonesian public authorities launched several programmes of transfer of clonal monoculture to smallholders in order to eliminate the technical barriers to its diffusion. They are addressed to an heterogeneous population, in particular in term of ethnic group. The author analyses the technological changes after development projects implementation. This thesis focuses on the relations between the technique, the programmes of rubber clonal monoculture diffusion and the target population. .
Abraao, Silvestre. "La Diffusion du mai͏̈s au Nord Cameroun : dynamique de l'innovation et culture technique locale." Paris, EHESS, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0071.
Full textIn the first five years of 70's, peasant farming modernisation started in the north of cameroon through the development of capital-intensive methods. In this process, the introduction of maize crop appears as a strong contribution in solvin g the agricultural crisis-decline in farmers'income due to the crash in cotton world price; farmers' inability to generate farm surpluses to supply urban markets, etc. The present work aims to analyse the socio-economic, technical, historical, and geographical context of maize-innovation in northern cameroon : actors'strategies and the role of institutions in maize popularisation make it possible to consider technical changes as social results from a complex process; analysing the market as a metng place for the socio-economic actors'strategies allows to study the relations between innovation developments and changes in acors' relationships; examining local know-how availability leads to observe its basic role in the adoption of any innovation. The impact of maize popularisation on local development, and the role of institutions in such evolution can be appraised from this analysis. And new research courses can so be outlined
Poupon, Roland. "L'Alter-révolution verte thailandaise : aviculture et riziculture conventionnelle et alternative dans une perspective de développement durable." Toulouse 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU20010.
Full textThis thesis aims at analyzing the agricultural revolutions in Thailand. The method used was a study of the downstream channels’ agents through interviews, surveys and price observations, on value chain, convention and network theoretical basis. Research compared rice growing and poultry farming in both Khorat and Suphan Buri provinces. The first part of the thesis shows that the State initially curbed the revolutions’ penetration, but thereafter reversely contributed to modernization. Today, its policy is evolving towards decentralization, support to SMEs and to peasants. The second part focuses on the deployment of revolutions, dependent on new technologies developments, which led to intensification, differentiation and specialization, hence to the arrival of standardized conventional products on the market. As a consequence, agricultural sectors concentrated on specific territories, while territories specialized in specific sectors. Nevertheless, for environmental and social reasons, some forms of traditional agriculture survived, like fragrant rice or native chicken, and became alternatives to agricultural revolutions: biological, ethical or spiritual agricultures, they were baptized “Alter-Green Revolution”. The third part explains this resilience by the influence of demand, quality and logistics. Identity quests also impact the channels. Green and Alter-Green Revolutions are interdependent and related through multiple networks (NGO, Sino-Thais, Sogo Shosha) with multiple links. These interrelationships build an “alternative tree”, source of innovation and security for the actors, which become impossible to isolate from each other
Assens, Philippe. "Les compétences professionnelles dans l' innovation : le cas du réseau des coopératives d' utilisation de matériel agricole, CUMA." Toulouse 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU10069.
Full textThrough the case of CUMA, this thesis is interested in the professional cooperation in the innovation by means of an approach based on the economy of competence
Moisan, Hervé. "Développement agricole et localités : chemin critique d'une pratique de recherche sociologique dans les territoires villageois de la plaine ouest des Vosges." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100160.
Full textThe author presents the results of research carried out in the Vosges area of eastern France, within the framework of a research unit of the INRA research department on agrarian systems and development (Versailles). The study deals with the cantons of Neufchâteau, Coussey, Bulgneville and Chatenois. The objective is to detect the local determinants responsible for the diversity of agricultural situations analyzed at different spatial levels (from farm fields to groups of villages) during seven research operations (1975-1987), in particular the follow up of the states' general of agricultural development. The work promotes a localist point of view which is set here against "delocalizing" theories in agronomy, rural economy and sociology, in order to investigate the articulation between farm development and village development using the concept of "local technical referential", of technical profile and of village trajectory. The major results are methodological. Three converging approaches are privileged: the systematic consideration of the representations local actors have of their territory; the articulation of social networks with the territory; the sociotechnical analysis of farming activity, which requires that sociologists work closely with agronomists on common objects (e. G. The fields)
Valenzuela, de Pisano Ileana. "Elements pour une strategie d'ecodeveloppement agroforestier au guatemala." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0013.
Full textAgricultural expansion and deforestation are complex processes. They are interlinked with different political, economic and social factors at local, national and interna- tional levels. This thesis is a preliminary and not exhastive attempt to analyse these problems in a global and systemic perspective. It studies one local case in peten guatemala, demostrating how agricultural modernization, tropical forest colonization and exportation led-growth have not been historically, the right answers to guatemalan forest development. On the contrary, they have given rise to poverty, violence and environmental degradation all over the country. Following the ecodevelopment principles the thesis proposes some elements of an agroforestry strategy to stop agricultural expansin and tropical forest deforestation. This strategy cant bi an up-down directional model. It has to articulate the global paradigme with democratic decision making at regional and local levels. It has also to coordinate social development with environmental items, promoting the political, institutional and technological changes needed for a sustainable forest development to exist. Finally, the thesis comes to the conclusion that only the peoples's participation and organization would allow a pressure strong enough over the different institutions and governements so as to make them to start implementing these changes. The thesis has four chapters, the firs studies the mains agricultural policies since the 1950s and their influence on the forest and on the living conditions of the rural people. It shows also, briefly, how the united state's agricultural policies had in, fluenced the guatemalan agricultural policies. The second chapter analyzes the agroforestry systems as a possible tool for building a sustainable forest development. The third sudies peten, inorder to undersatnd how the national agricultural policies have influenced the local development. Finally in the conclusions, the thesis proposes some elements for an agroforestry ecodevelopment strategy in guatemala
Grijol, Karine. "Le processus de développement des campagnes sud-coréennes : acteurs et facteurs du changement." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040299.
Full textAfter the Second World War, South Korea appeared as an essentially rural country, traditionally attached to the land and to rice-cultivation practiced according to ancestral techniques. Less than half a century later, South Korea underwent an important economic growth. Towns spread out in all directions. Industrialization and the services lure more and more immigrants from the countryside, the peasants have been freed from their agricultural work thanks to mechanization. This rapid evolution and the planned economy of the various governments converted, within thirty years, an underdeveloped country into a modern industrialized country using sophisticated cultural techniques. The goals of the peasants, the land occupancy, the landscapes and the social structures have all been upset. One of the key elements of this important restructuration of the Korean countryside was the movement of "new villages" - the saemaul undong - put into effect and developed by President Park since 1971. Although this movement was ideological, it led the peasants to a rural development adapted to the potentialities of each village. In its project of restructuration, the movement was supported by the development office which brought its technical assistance and by the agricultural cooperative which financed South Korea’s rural modernization. Thus the development of South Korean countryside was less the result of a single policy than that of 3 organizations that knew how to work hand in hand at a given moment. The political and social context of the period was just as important for the success of rural development policy. Today, south-Korea countryside has come out of its predicament, but farmers have to face new difficulties. Even if their vitality is particularly strong, they still worry about their future and the consequences resulting from the negotiations of the Uruguay round. Hence, South Korean producers of today must no longer think only in terms of local market, but of exportations - let us hope that the producers' overdebt will be no obstacle to this new attempt to restructure South Korea countryside and that the rural world will lose nothing of its wealth or diversity
Rivero, Espinola Carlos Luis. "Transfert de technologie agraire en Amèrique latine : Une étude comparée." Paris 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA030125.
Full textJooris, Anne. "Techniques intégrées en agriculture et pratiques de gestion des ressources, stratégies écologiques et stratégies d'acteurs : les perspectives de développement à travers le projet de l'arboriculture en Midi-Pyrénées." Toulouse 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU20020.
Full textThis is the analysis of a regional project for the development of integrated fruit production pest control in order to explain the problems of circulating alternative techniques to the intensive models. Introducing the impact of the resource, a phytoseid predatory mite which is the pest control mainstay, is the means to consider the technical strategy from a double point of view. First, as a protection strategy which mobilizes a selection of identified resources in the orchard field, implying constraints that should be seen as a means of improvement (the intervention of the phytoseid predatory mite), and secondly, as a distribution strategy that mobilizes the levers of change in order to bring about the adoption of the new technical logic. The margins of progress for technical adaptation are evaluated by using pest control against the proliferation of acarids as an indicator. The choice of the resource-species is validated by research, but control improvement can rely on various ecological levers of the orchard universe dynamics, whereas these are taken into account as dissociated elements in the technical representation. The object of circulating technique, and having it taken inti account as a strategy for the network, induces one to simplify the message circulated. This is one with the object of making it easier for producers to have access to it, but also to obtain an agreement on a unified strategy on the part of the operators of regional production organizations. The fact that farmers' various practices and needs have been taken into consideration, explains why an identical system of evaluation between resources and constraints does not meet the diversity of appropriation modes, which are links up with the concepts of the profession, and leads to under valuation of the dynamics of different environments. The interpretation showing the difficulty there is an articulating between vertical approaches by product groups and transversal approaches of distribution and precautions is confirmed by the analysis of experiences made in other fields. Analysis of the levers of change on the part of orchard growers shows that they need to make their own evaluation of the levers that con be mobilized in order to become autonomous
Toe, Patrice. "Contribution à l'étude des transformations socio-agraires en Afrique tropicale : une approche anthropologique des politiques d'innovation dans l'agriculture en pays San méridional, Burkina Faso." Paris, EHESS, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0001.
Full textFollowing the example of other african societies, the san society developed in the pass outstanding agrarian civilisations adapted to the conditions, very often hostile of the environment. But for almost a century now, the introduction and the spreading of the monetary economy deeply affected the san traditional society through the impetus given by both colonial and neocolonial development policies. The agrarian structures and the social organization as this study proves, through a monographical research at koin (a san village), have been very deeply transformed and upsetted. In this confusion of changing society, the local economy can no more be outside dependence which more and more links the san peasant to the overall economy. In spite of the rural economy development policies, under the action of development institutions (governmental or philanthropic-nog-), it resulted a peasant strategy capable to refuse and to reject selection facing the capitalistic ways of exploitation and the use of its attractive technological display. The example of the cash crop (cotton in particular) on which this study is based shows that between the policy of colonial development and his one of "development" in the 1950s, the san peasant was first forced to grow cotton. Despite reactions, going from submission to revolt, he'il try in second time to
Fraslin, Jean-Hervé. "Réseaux locaux de communication, normes sociales et changement technique en agriculture : la question fourragère au pays de l'emmental : études de cas dans trois communes de Haute-Saône." Paris 10, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA100035.
Full textThis thesis shows the technical change in agriculture can be analysed as a transformation process of the norms in practice know-hows and ideas steming from the farmers' communicational activity in their local networks. After having recorded the limits of diffusion studies and interpretation of means of adoption of innovations in terms of imitation (the famous "oil stain") which have for a long time inspirad the methods of agricultural development, the author presents a new theoretical model based on the combination of communication networks analysis and norms studies in the two-fold cognitive and relational dimensions. He then uses this model to analyse the relationship between the breeders from three villages of haute-saone where he studies around fifty cases relating to technical changes in the fodder production and in the feeding of dairy cow, under the restraints of particular quality forage imposed by the cheese manufacturing requisites for the label known as "emmental grand cru". This work allows to point out clearly the relationship between the characteristics of breeders' networks (structure, density, openess, disparity,. . . ) And the characteristics of the evolution in the local technical norms systems (stability, flexiblity, diversity,. . . ) It also shows how the technical changes result from a dynamic of positionings which concerns both the norms operational function (through a cognitive process of reinterpretation) and their ritual and symbolic functions (through a relational process implying a modification in the status occupied in the networks), various types of positionning strategies are then identified and analysed confirming that, beyond the classical socioeconomical variables, the position of the actor inside of the network is the main determinant of his potential role. .
Carneiro, Maria José Teixeira. "Les Paysans des Sept Laux, Isère : la construction d'un nouvel ordre social." Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHES0016.
Full textThe aim of this thesis was to study the social reproduction of the small producers related to the changes that the rural societies were submeted to for the last 30 years. The observation took place at a small moutain community in the departement of the isere. The analysis of the articulation between the familial strategies and the industrial society's dynamics had a mongraphic approach according to the anthropological method. Through the observation of the 28 families it had been possible to understand the differents logics of the transmission of the family estate and of the choice of the successor. These logics are articulated and depended on differents family strategies to get adapted to the news conditions of production. Within this context the pluriactivty comes up as a ancien and actual phenomenum that takes differents meanings through the evolution of the rural societies in france. It is un instrument of the social reproduction frequentely used by the small producers at the mountain sides. Thus, it cannot be considered as a specifical social category. This study confirms the adaptation capacity (although contradictory)
Savadogo, Sommaila. "Du pays mossi aux zones d'amenagement des vallees du burkina : migration et mutation sociale au burkina faso." Toulouse 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU20041.
Full textThe b. V. D. (burkina's valley's development) process on which our study relates to, deals with a particular migration. This one is meant to be a response to the migrations for jobs of the country, under state control. It is an organized, planified and a selective migration. It tends to the settlement of familial groups on new lands for modern agriculture. This search tends to understand pattern of the new rural society which is proposed to the mossi migrants and at the sametime to observe the way the latters are organized, how they produce, and how they see their state of being in the developped areas. If the migrants have accepted the bvd's system of society? can we notice a break between the actual situation and the inherited ones? the analysis done by several observers dis miss the possibility of the creation of a modern peasantry. They see in the bvd a process of proletarianization of the migrants. Is it the emergence of a modern peasantry? are the migrants being taken advantage of? are they being proletarianized? doesn't the process throw into confusion familial structures? can it be a new social organization? on 100 mossi migrants in the blocks of linoghin and rapadama were askeed questions. Theirs answers seems to prove that the migrants don't make any differences between their situation before the process and the way they are living now. They don't see any change brought by the process. These observations bring us to state that the migrants are being taken advantage of. Nevertheless, the investigation points out some social transformations such as new local political power, saving of the production, a social differenciation between the migrants and changes of roles in the families
Darthout, Valérie. "Spécialisation agricole régionale française et nouvelles technologies dans les industries agricoles : le cas du bioéthanol." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010058.
Full textAt the period of European economics construction, it was a favorable time for agriculture during which productivism has reach its apogee. Meanwhile the combination of overproduction and pressure on european budgets leads to the cap bloking. The agricultural market management tools became inefficient and need to be reorganised. The cap reform has deeply change the interventions tools developping "set asides" strategy, mainly on the way an alternative agricultural valorisation in energy from beet. The result of this choise is the emergence of a twoheaded agricultural model: energy and alimentary. The interest for the bioethanol fuel strategy comes from three motivations: agricultural, environment, and energy, in spite of economicals overcosts. The final decision remains under the responsability of governements. This alternative strategy results from climatic and political determinants, but the second one needs to be implemented by integration of a strategical dimension. This leads to rise out a new concept of agricultural strategic policy, (ASP), transfert from the industrial strategic policy from p-krugman. The ASP is particulary justified by the technological new basis of agriculture, due to the omnipresence of the biotechnologies. This intervention dimension allows to switch from a technical specialization logic to a competences specialization logic. The research of influent variables of this bioethanol strategic choice goes through combinaisons of competitive ressources. This involves the drop of classical pro domo approach and monolitical vision to turn into a systemical analysis, by the integration of the sustenable development
Bourdon, Jean-Paul. "Les agronomes distingués de l'Association normande (1835-1890) : Techniques et pratiques de "l' industrie" d'après les Annuaires normands agricole." Caen, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CAEN1105.
Full textDistinguished agronomists of l'association normande are neither aristocrats nor landowners, but middle-class scientists, particularly chemists. Under the management of caumont, great erudite, these agronomists encouraged the use of science as applied to agriculture and published the results, making them known to landowners, members of the association, in their year-book (annuaire normand). These year-bookswere published during a period of profound transformation with changes in industry, science and techniques, and the conversion of arable land to gazing. Their examination portrays an inside view of the scientist' ambition to play a leading part, spotting progresses in agriculture and needling landowners to incite them to increase efficiency in land management. It also illustrates the hazards and hesitancies which marked the development and distribution of new techniques and agricultural machinery. Increased use of the plough according to the "active" english method, led to artificial meadows which in their turn became permanent pastures, hence rejoining the "lazy" system of breeders from marginal areas (cotentin, bessin, pays d'auge). This troubled the landowners who prized the arable farming : is it possible to leave the plough and all the agricultural machinery? are the animal productions so noble as the vegetable ones? scientists encouraged the abandonment of arable farming in favour of stock breeding. The economic context helped them also : the demand increasing, prices of the meat and dairy products (butter and cheese) raised, when those of cereals declined. This work brings out a clear picture on the beginnings of a scientific framework in agriculture and the origins of present tendencies in norman agriculture today
Noya, Eliane de Carvalho. "Création et diffusion d'innovations pour les paysans brésiliens : exemple des Etats de Minas Gerais et Pernambouc." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010659.
Full textPandjaitan-Hutagalung, Nurmala Katrina. "Des représentations professionnelles aux pratiques de contrôle des maladies des plantes chez les paysans riziculteurs en Indonésie." Toulouse 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU20088.
Full textThe way that rice farmers manage plant diseases is currently one of the major preoccupations of the indonesian government. It has become a national issue due to economic, ecological and public health considerations. The introduction of integrated pest management (ipm) has decreased the use of pesticides and increased profit margins for rice farmers. These results must be qualified, however. Some rice farmers still depend on pesticides, particularly in the main rice production areas. They not only use them regularly but do not hesitate to use unauthorized products. The purpose of this research is to apprehend plant disease management practices from a psycho-social viewpoint. Is there any relationship between plant disease management practices and the professional representations of the farmers? what influence does professional context have in this relationship ? how does ipm training, used to spread ipm practices, influence plant disease management ? to answer such questions, three hundred rice farmers were interviewed (individual or group interviews) and filled in questionnaires. The relationship between professional representations and pest management practices varies depending on the professional context. When institutional coercion is marked, it is the legal prescriptions which influence the relationship between professional representation and practices. Inversely, when institutional coercion is less marked, professional image guides practices. Participation in ipm training courses is unrelated to plant disease management. This study seeks to show how rice farmers constantly seek to reconcile their personal gain with that of decision-makers. This research aims to contribute to the study of adult training by showing how the professional context can influence the adoption of innovation
Delleaux, Fulgence. "À la recherche des mutations agricoles : économie et société dans les campagnes du Hainaut français de Louis XIV à la Révolution (1659-1800)." Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN1481.
Full textReynaud, Florian. "Les bêtes à cornes dans la littérature agronomique (1700-1850)." Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN1533.
Full textTortolero, Villaseñor Alejandro. "Les Haciendas et l'innovation : activités agricoles et changements techniques dans la région centrale du Mexique (district de Chalco et Etat de Morelos), 1880-1914." Paris, EHESS, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990EHES0058.
Full textIn mexican historiography one widely held thesis is that the agriculture at the end of the 19th century was rudimentary, backward and almost without any technological innovation as concerning crops destined towards internal markets. From the present study, we could see that for the haciendas of chalco and of morelos, during the period 1880-1914, a series of technological changes had in fact taken place in the cultivation of wheat and sugar canne, and subsequent transformations of these crops, both destined essentially towards internal markets
Dubus, Nathalie. "Développement d'un système expert dans le processus de planification des ressources en eau au Burkina Faso." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE19041.
Full textThe expert system "Baobab" is developped for decision-making in water-resources planning in Burkina Faso. The dfevelopment of this system requires a transfer of knowledge from man to engine, which can't be realized without special attention to the constructive process and knowledge acquisition method. This realization allowed us to study some of the advantages and disadvantages in using knowledge-based systems to solve problems in geography. Different branches are studied during this research : the geographical branch, with water-resources management and planning problems in the rural sector of Burkina Faso. Computer science, by practice of knowledge-based system technique. The methodological branch, with effective realization of prototype "Baobab". The epistemological branch, by evaluating interest of using knowledge-based system as a new tool for geography
Bernaoui, Radia. "Pilotage stratégique de la recherche agronomique dans le processus de développement de l'Algérie : les besoins d'un système d'information à haute valeur ajoutée." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20082.
Full textThis abstract synthesizes the results of a survey which we carried out of Algerian scientists specialized in agronomic, veterinary and biological sciences, in order to analyze the knowledge management of scientific production and to evaluate the importance that they carry to the sharing of the knowledge and the progress of collective intelligence. The data obtained reveal an essential need for creation of a convenient framework for sharing knowledge in order to enhance collective intelligence. This research confirms the need of an information system of high added value (National observatory of the agronomic research). Algeria, faced with strong constraints of insufficient agricultural production, needs to fit into this logic and to use its research results as a source of innovation and performance in its current strategy of reducing its food bill. Nonetheless, one of its constraints concerns the lack of tools to encourage the capitalization and the enhancement of its scientific output. Through this work of knowledge management applied to the scientific production of the Algerian researchers, a need even more crucial emerges, which is sharing of knowledge not only within communities of researchers but also with enterprises and farms
Barros, de Mendonça Sávio. "Modèle conceptuel d'évaluation de l'impact de l'innovation : basé sur des études de cas des organisations de recherche agricole en France, Brésil et Australie." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG021/document.
Full textAgricultural research has an important role for the world population by considering it as a strategic area for providing knowledge and technological base for agricultural production. This sector generates outputs, outcomes with respective impacts to rural zones, supply chains, economy, society and environment. The agricultural research & innovation represents a key piece for reaching the United Nations sustainable development goals (SDG), especially to SDG 2 and 12 – to promote sustainable agricultural to eliminate hunger and improving nutrition, as well as to promote sustainable consumption and production, respectively. In order to check whether agricultural research organizations generate sustainable impacts, it is necessary to assess the impacts of their innovations. Funders, supreme auditing institutions, parliament, government, producers, supply chains, consumers and all society require transparency, efficacity, and effectivity of public organizations: they must highlight return of public investment as well as generate positive impact to the economy and society, and minimize negative impacts to the environment. Many public research organizations around the world have developed impact assessment processes. There is no flawed theories and practices approaches to impact assessment context. Therefore, this research seeks to fill gaps or to supplement the existing approaches. The main thesis objective is to summarize theoretical and practical studied approaches on impact assessment, including the experiences of four research organizations, and to develop a conceptual model of innovation impact assessment management system, especially applicable to agricultural research organizations. It adopts a methodology based on literature review, four cases of a comparative study of agricultural research organizations (Cirad and Inra from France, Embrapa from Brazil, and CSIRO from Australia), and benchmarking these experiences studied. The innovative contributions of this thesis are I. construction of a conceptual model of an impact assessment management system based on the open innovation process; II. the model of innovation impact assessment management system considers a cross-cut view of sustainability, integrating the environmental, social, political and economic dimensions; III. the innovation impact assessment system will be based on a unique managerial process that regards ex-ante and ex-post assessment stages according to its respective temporality; IV. the management of the innovation and impact assessment processes foresees the insertion of behavioral approaches such as concepts of holism, constructivism, transdisciplinarity and agile management practices as essential requirements for the effective engagement of the internal and external actors and the effectiveness of the evaluation process. This thesis has an original approach by bringing a research governance tool with an innovative focus on ex-ante and ex-post impact management, helping research and innovation organizations to become increasingly sustainable in their institutional missions, thus contributing to the achievement of the UN's sustainable development goals towards more productive and sustainable agriculture
Garcia, Parrilla Tiffany. "Temporalités et agricultures. Identités et objets en mouvement. Une approche croisée France - Brésil." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA034.
Full textHow do Brazilian and French family farms create innovative temporal practices to respond to ecological transition?This thesis explores in a context of the social acceleration of ecologisation, the diversity of practices and representations as an expression of fracture within the modernist agricultural model. It proposes focussing on temporal experiences of socio-professional identities, elements of nature and technical artefacts. Our three ields of research- La Genétouze, Saints en Puisaye and Rio Veado- encompass the development of organic farming and of the animated debates that arise from its «conventionalisation.» Controversies over its identity _ question the numerous cultural connections between the different agricultural models and the tensions conveyed around their links with the past, the present and the future.Our transversal approach in both France and Brazil proposes to cross-examine the temporalities experienced by farmers who use reasoned agriculture, conservation agriculture or agrobiologic farms alongside their local trajectories. It shows that social acceleration hegemony is illusory: the inversion of progressive and linear time or its deceleration symbolize cultural resistances. Rather, we are part of the coexistence of multiple, opposing and even contradictory temporalities within the same territory. The challenging questions for family farming are then civilizational: they reveal temporal crises questioning the researcher on the capacity of the actors to reverse the arrow of time, offering possible reconciliations between the linearity of technical progress and life cycles
Chiffoleau, Yuna. "Réseaux et pratiques de l'innovation en milieu coopératif." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05H074.
Full textKoledzi, Komi Edem. "Valorisation des déchets solides urbains dans les quartiers de Lomé (Togo) : approche méthodologique pour une production durable de compost." Limoges, 2011. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/94ccd76c-1e63-4a7d-8512-0789b0d2fd61/blobholder:0/2011LIMO4002.pdf.
Full textThis research led to the establishment of the recovery of solid waste generated in the districts of Lome by composting ; the production of compost adapted to conditions in the city of Lome was evaluated from the production of waste in households up the agricultural use of produced compost. This study provides a guide for developing a sustainable production of compost in Lomé, it consists of five chapters : -study of the waste generation, - evaluation of primary collection, -optimization of composting parameters, -agricultural development and conceiving a sustainable composting process chain. Data obtained on the field for two years and two seasons (wet and dry), constitute not only the first database on the nature of the waste produced in Lome, but also a real tool for decision support for local deciders. Analysis of the pre-collection carried out by NGOs, identified the most relevant performance indicators. The composting process was optimized in terms of mass balance and quality of compost. Experiments in open fields with the produced compost were very interesting in terms of improved soil and crop. A platform model for informal sorting-composting plant (<5T/day), decentralized in the districts, was finally given on the basis of the obtained results
Salmona, Michèle. "Les cultures techniques et le travail des paysans français face aux politiques publiques de vulgarisation et d'incitation économique." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA070033.
Full textThe thesis presents, in its first part, the technical cultures, work, and professions of stock-breeder and market-gardener. This analysis is characterized by an access to the affective, cognitive, imaginary dimensions of work and to the natural and living supports of that work. Referring to french books and oral african traditions, an historical approach introduces an enrichment of the study of the work through a comparison with important stock-breeding and market-gardening societies. The second part deals with the affects of cultural pauperization and with the emerging pathologies bound to methods of popularization and to paradoxes conveyed by national politics of economical incitement. Interdisciplinary methods are required to value those politics in order to approximate the psychical costs as well as the tactics of resistance among groups, to the denial of technical cultures
Adjiou, Kodjo. "Les exploitations agricoles comme reflet d'une société en changement : Ngam-Ngam, Tchokossi et Moba-Gourma de Mango : Togo septentrional." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010515.
Full textOlina, Bassala Jean-Paul. "Le semis direct sans labour et avec utilisation des herbicides dans la zone cotonnière au Nord Cameroun : diffusion, impacts agronomiques et socio-économiques d'une innovation en pleine expansion." Toulouse 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU20027.
Full textIn order to better understand the strategies used by farmers in chemical weed control and with the aim of comparing the economic returns of direct sowing and herbicide application with tillage, a research was conducted in two benchmark villages (Mafa Kilda and Pandjama) in North Cameroon. Comprehensive approach was adopted in order to better understand farmers practically minded. Farmer’s social representations of their profession about direct sowing with herbicides and till practice have been analysis. An analysis concerned the reasons for adoption of direct sowing and herbicide use by farmers, and farmer’s perception of the health and environmental risks. A follow-up technico-economic study of the two farming system was undertaken. The factorial correspondence analysis was used to analyse the typology of farms. Economical analysis was employed. Results show that with direct sowing 0. 7 man-days/ha and 1. 6 man-days/ha are required to establish crops in the field whereas with regular tillage 4 to 5 man-days/ha are required. This gain in time with direct sowing can vary between 60 to 80% depending on the crop. The productivity and revenue from farms under direct sowing and herbicide application are higher compared with tillage. For cotton, maize and groundnut cultivation, the application of a medium dosage of herbicide combined with early weeding using animal traction, can permit to have acceptable profit margin with direct sowing and herbicide application. Due to social and cultural capital differences, 94 % of farmers at Pandjama were aware of the potential health and environmental hazards related to heavy use of herbicides, compared to 70 % at Mafa Kilda
Heude, Bernard. "Le mouton au coeur de la Sologne, entre tradition et innovations (XVIIIe siècle-second empire)." Littoral, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DUNK0274.
Full textIn the 18th century, pastoral pressure was so strong in Sologne that is contributed to the degeneration of the territory into a swampy land, where only the Sologne ovine race, a marvel of adaptation to such hostile natural environment, could manage to thrive. Both speculative and extensive sheep breeding – one not exclusive of the other – provided the local peasants with their main source of income. But, in spite of extra-regional markets for the sale of Sologne flocks, the country remained proverbially poor and any attempted evolution was bound to fail, because of the meagre soil, low demography, the pre-eminence of wood breeds, and the system of land tenure. Nevertheless, from the 1750s onwards, major agro pastoral innovations followed one another, without questioning traditional grazing. Under the Second Empire, however, new orientations in forestry and hunting, the stoppage of pasturing on heasther, and the inadequacy of fodder production, put an end to sheep breeding and the Sologne ovine race
Giordano, Simona. "Agriculture traditionnelle et innovante.Le secteur vitivinicole biologique : une comparaison entre Les Pouilles (Italie) et le Languedoc-Roussillon (France)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MON30019/document.
Full textIn a global context characterized by a systemic and multi-faceted crisis, it is clear that the changes that could be defined structural and continuous (climate change, increasing pressure on renewable resources, population growth) are associated with a dramatic economic crisis whose consequences are still not entirely predictable in terms of deepening poverty, contraction of international markets, credit crunch and prospects for development. In this context, agriculture is facing decisive challenges, of uncertain outcome, especially in some regions of the world; the development patterns that emerge are different and are combined, on the one hand, in an agricultural sector "family" still very fragile and, on the other hand, in a capitalist-like farming more and more dominant. However, just by the crisis situation mentioned, it seems that new opportunities can be born, although in the long run; the rift that has arisen and the breaking of the schemes have revealed the vulnerability of agricultural and agro-food systems placing its focus on the need for innovation and on questioning the development models. In a context and in a time of enormous uncertainty, varying the values and norms underlying the society, they must show creative and reinvent the way of producing, processing and distribution of agricultural products in the long period that takes into account the territories and the communities that live there, all focusing attention on the concept of sustainability. In the framework of sustainable development, different farming and agro-food systems moved in an agro-ecological perspective, promoting local food systems. These ones are evolving in parallel, in competition or in complementarity with the dominant production systems, and take different forms depending on whether they themselves emerge in countries where agriculture is at high rate of capital consumption, chemical inputs and fossil energy, or in those countries where the access to such resources is scarce and, consequently, the labor productivity is low. At a global level, it is essential to increase the awareness of the existence of such innovative systems, to capitalize on these experiences, some of which in the embryo, and to bring out a new conceptual paradigm of development in agriculture, all this not only in a technological and organizational perspective. It is necessary to wonder about the state of knowledge necessary to promote sustainable development, calling into question the primacy of scientific knowledge in relation to other types of knowledge and creating new links between research, economic actors, civil society actors and policy makers. Accordingly, it is the agricultural research to play a leading role on the path to innovation, with the understanding that agriculture is no longer called to exercise only a purely productive role, but of complex interactions with the environment and with society as a whole. In a scientific debate that becomes increasingly lively, also thanks to the imminent opening of the event Expo 2015 in Milan, the role is highlighted that, in this process of innovation, each actor can play as well as the characterization of the factors that determine the innovations themselves, in a contrast and comparison of positions on which are the innovative processes really needed and useful for sustainable development. Without any claim of being exhaustive, the present work aims at investigating some aspects of innovation in agriculture and at providing some food for thought about the role that it can play in the journey towards a real development of rural communities , those who live in the territories where agriculture itself finds its “raison d'etre”
Owolabi, Oluwabamikole Festus. "Le rôle de la Communauté européenne dans la modernisation de l'agriculture au Nigéria, CEE/ACP (1975-1990)." Paris 8, 2002. https://octaviana.fr/document/184661129#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textCardona, Aurélie. "L'agriculture à l'épreuve de l'écologisation : éléments pour une sociologie des transitions." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0132.
Full textIn spite of measures aiming to reduce the environmental impact of agriculture, changes in farming practices remain modest while societal concerns continue to rise. The environmental mission assigned to agriculture is complex and subject to interpretation. The growing number of diverse stakeholders turning their attention to farming increases the demands placed on agriculture. In this context, the goal of this thesis is first, to understand how a diversity of agricultural and non-agricultural stakeholders involve themselves in transition processes towards more environmentally-soundagriculture and second, to understand the effect of their involvement on farmers practices. To achieve this, I relied on a pragmatic approach wich highlights "frictions", as well as "holdfasts" used by stakeholders and makes it possible to give a faithful account of their interpretations and experience of transition processes. Based on a socio-historical analysis and three case-studies from the Paris region, I characterized, first, the conditions of the emergence of movements promoting change in agriculture practices, second, the enrollment processes throught wich the issue of transition makes sense and, third, the changes in terms of both agricultural practices and forms of governance of those changes as well. The study shows that transition processes emerge as the result of adjustements between diverse stakeholders embedded in different communities. This analysis suggests the emergence of a "territoire-based contribution" model of change, where a diversity of stakeholders contributes by their discourse and actions to the ecologization of agriculture in their territoire
Alhassoumi, Hadizatou. "Innovations, dynamiques et mutations sociales : les femmes productrices de sésame de la Sirba (Ouest du Niger) et leurs initiatives collectives." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU20012.
Full textThis study is based on innovations in agricultural activities, notably the valorization of sesame cultivation which is considered as women’s activity in Western Niger. To understand the current dynamisms, this study proceeds by analyzing gender relationship through social and cultural practices within the study region. The analyses of the emergence of women’s collective initiatives permitted us to bring to light their social positions and their capacity to act has greatly favored their institutional recognition. The groupings involved in horticultural activities and those valorizing sesame offer a favorable learning framework for the construction of collective identity. The implementation of technical innovations and the necessary interactions as a result let women acquire the competence that contributes to the emergence of their socioprofessional identity
Abdourahman, Djama Idyle. "La sélection participative : un mode alternatif d'innovation environnementale en agriculture : trois essais en économie." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENE014.
Full textThis thesis provides an economic analysis of an alternative mode of innovation in the seed sector : Participatory Plant Breeding (PPB). PPB is defined as the involvement of users in the plant breeding process and typically consists in the collaboration of farmers and scientists who become co-researchers. These programs aim at developing local varieties adapted to sustainable agriculture.In the seed sector, regulation plays a key role: a stringent market approval process limits the seeds on the market to pre-defined types of varieties. Marketing rules also influence the orientation of plant breeding and limit the exchanges of farmers’ seeds. In chapter 1, the economic rationale of the seed regulation, its limits and possible alternatives are analyzed. Chapter 2 consists of a case study on the farmers’ motivations for participating in PPB projects. This multifaceted question enables to study the economic, environmental and societal issues at stake. Farmers’ motives are indeed directly related to the history of seed research, the limits of the intensive agricultural model and its environmental impacts, the seed industry’s structure and the regulatory framework. Finally, a theoretical model represents the strategic interactions between commercial and farmers’ seeds. The impacts in terms of price, profit, market coverage, pollutions and social welfare are explored