To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Agriculture loss.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Agriculture loss'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Agriculture loss.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Rapp, John Francis 1963. "Error assessment of the revised universal soil loss equation using natural runoff plot data." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291699.
Full textAbstract:
The error associated with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) was determined by utilizing data from 21 U.S. sites representing 1704 years of measurements from 206 plots. RUSLE estimates were compared to the measured values for each year and the average value for each plot duration. The model efficiency coefficient on an annual basis was (.58) and on an average annual basis was (.73). The RUSLE was consistent with a previous study of the USLE which tended to over predict on plots with low erosion rates and under predict on plots with high erosion rates. Also the Topographic Factor (LS) value and the Cover and Management Factor (C) value had the most influence on model efficiency. The basis for this study was to compare the RUSLE with the USLE and to compare RUSLE simulations with observed data that was not a part of its critical development.
2
Tickes, Barry R. "Moisture Loss from Uncovered Stored Alfalfa." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/201021.
Full textAbstract:
Moisture loss from stacked alfalfa was measured at various times of the year and at various baling moistures. Total moisture loss over two month time periods varied from 4.5% to 8.3% with considerable fluctuation occurring due to environmental conditions.
3
Bechoff, Aurélie. "Investigating carotenoid loss after drying and storage of orange-fleshed sweet potato." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2010. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/4031/.
Full textAbstract:
Biofortified orange-fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP) is being promoted to tackle vitamin A deficiency, a serious public health problem affecting children and pregnant/lactating women in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of the study was to quantify and understand the factors influencing carotenoid losses in dried OFSP. Losses were determined in chips after drying and storage. A preliminary study demonstrated that carotenoid levels were not significantly different following either solar or sun drying. Carotenoid loss after drying was generally correlated with high initial moisture content and high carotenoid content in fresh sweetpotato roots. Losses of pro-vitamin A were less than 35% in all cases. Flour made from OFSP could therefore be a significant source of provitamin A. In contrast, storage of chips at room temperature in Uganda and Mozambique for four months resulted in high losses of pro-vitamin A (ca. 70-80% loss from the initial dried product). Low-cost pre-treatments, such as blanching, antioxidants and salting, did not reduce carotenoid losses during storage. Enzymatic catabolism of b-carotene in dried OFSP was considered unlikely because of low peroxidase activities at low water activities and the loss of peroxidase activity during storage. To understand further the factors causing the losses, dried sweet potato chips were stored under controlled conditions of temperature (10; 20; 30; or 40ºC), water activity (0.13; 0.30; 0.51; 0.76) or oxygen (0 [under nitrogen]; 2.5; 10 or 21% [air]). Oxygen was the main cause of degradation followed by temperature. An Arrhenius kinetic model was used to show that carotenoid breakdown followed first order kinetics with an activation energy of 68.3kJ.mol-1 that was in accordance with the literature. Experimental observations fitted well with data predicted by the kinetic model. The formation of the volatile compounds,b-ionone; 5,6-epoxy-b-ionone; dihydroactinidiolide; b-cyclocitral that were clearly related to the degradation of b-carotene, helped further understand breakdown patterns of b-carotene.
4
Rabelo, Max Well de Oliveira. "Modelagem e geoprocessamento aplicado ao planejamento de sistemas agrícolas conservacionistas: desenvolvimento de método e ferramenta computacional." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6279.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2016-09-26T20:05:50Z
No. of bitstreams: 2
Tese - Max Well de Oliveira Rabelo - 2016.pdf: 9299714 bytes, checksum: 66ca8a1804314b94f87ae251530d5d76 (MD5)
license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-09-27T12:53:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Max Well de Oliveira Rabelo - 2016.pdf: 9299714 bytes, checksum: 66ca8a1804314b94f87ae251530d5d76 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-27T12:53:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Max Well de Oliveira Rabelo - 2016.pdf: 9299714 bytes, checksum: 66ca8a1804314b94f87ae251530d5d76 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-11
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG
The deficiency in the management of agricultural areas causes problems of economic and environmental order. Many times the terraces dimensioning methods have results with reduced horizontal spacing, discouraged their adoption and causing erosion problems, and consequently loss of soil, water and nutrients. The soil loss calculation models can be used for the design of these structures, considering the displacement of soil lower than its natural formation rate, controlling the erosive process. However, the use of these models is hampered by the lack of data bases and tools that simplify their use. Concomitantly conservation planning can be integrated into agronomic management, enabling the optimization of the use of agricultural land and of the equipments, conciliating the economic and environmental aspects. In this sense the present study aimed to evaluate the cartographic quality of altimetric surveys carried with GNSS RTK receiver onboard in quadricycle; develop a terrace in level spacing calculation method, using the soil loss calculated by USLE; a model of dimensioning agricultural systems, involving the use of terraces as rural roads, plots division, and generation and planting lines; analyze the accumulation of runoff on sugar cane lines for different furrow depths and the spatial variability of relief; and finally, develop a computational tool using the method and model. The altimetric data collected with quadricycle met the Class A pattern of cartographic accuracy, for the preparation of cartographic products with vertical equidistance of 0.30m. The terrace spacing calculation method reduced by up to 83.0% the total length of terraces; the agricultural systems dimensioning model enabled a reduction of up to 51.6% in the number of operations as well as increasing the average length of the lines and reducing the area for the use of rural roads, which increases the efficiency in the machinery use and in the use of agricultural area. The evaluation of the runoff volume accumulation in the planting lines due to the furrow depth found large storage capacity, reaching values of up to 158.1 m³ ha -1 , averaging 95.8 m³ ha -1 to furrows with 0.3m depth, resulting in a reduction of up to 10.1centimeters at the height of the terraces. The developed computational tool proved to be easy to use, and successfully completed the design of the plots, planting rows and terraces.
A deficiência na gestão das áreas agrícolas acarreta problemas de ordem econômica e ambiental. Muitas vezes os métodos de dimensionamento de terraços têm resultados com espaçamento horizontal reduzido, desestimulando sua adoção e ocasionando problemas de erosão, e consequente perda de solo, água e nutrientes. Os modelos de cálculo de perda de solo podem ser utilizados para dimensionamento destas estruturas, considerando o deslocamento de solo inferior à sua taxa de formação natural, controlando o processo erosivo. Entretanto o uso destes modelos é dificultado pela ausência de bases de dados e de ferramentas que simplifiquem sua utilização. Concomitantemente o planejamento conservacionista pode ser integrado à gestão agronômica, possibilitando a otimização do uso da área agrícola e dos equipamentos, conciliando os aspectos econômicos e ambientais. Neste sentido o presente trabalho teve por objetivos avaliar a qualidade cartográfica de levantamentos altimétricos realizados com receptor GNSS RTK embarcado em quadriciclo; desenvolver um método de cálculo de espaçamento entre terraços em nível a partir da perda de solo calculada pela USLE; um modelo de dimensionamento de sistemas agrícolas, envolvendo a utilização dos terraços como carreadores, divisão de talhões, e geração de linhas de plantio; analisar o acúmulo de escoamento superficial nas linhas de cana de açúcar em função de diferentes profundidades de sulco e da variabilidade espacial do relevo; e finalmente, desenvolver de uma ferramenta computacional para utilização do método e modelo. Os dados altimétricos coletados com quadriciclo atenderam ao padrão de exatidão cartográfico atingindo a classe A para elaboração de produtos cartográficos com equidistância vertical de 0,30m. O método de cálculo de espaçamento entre terraços reduziu em até 83,0% o comprimento total de terraços; o modelo de dimensionamento de sistemas agrícolas possibilitou redução de até 51,6 % no número de manobras, bem como aumento do comprimento médio das linhas de plantio e redução da área destinada ao uso de carreadores, o que aumenta a eficiência de máquinas e do uso da área agrícola. A avaliação do acúmulo do volume de escoamento superficial nas linhas de plantio em função da profundidade do sulco verificou grande capacidade de armazenamento, atingindo valores de até 158,1 m³ ha -1 , com média de 95,8 m³ ha -1 para sulcos com 0,3m de profundidade, ocasionando em uma redução de até 10,1 centímetros na altura dos terraços. A ferramenta computacional desenvolvida mostrou-se de fácil utilização, e realizou com sucesso o dimensionamento dos talhões, linhas de plantio e terraços.
5
Wilkes, Graham A. "Utilizing geographic information systems (GIS) for the modeling of warm season soil loss in eastern Ontario, Canada." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26809.
Full textAbstract:
Soil loss in eastern Ontario is of great concern. The objective of this study is to map soil loss risk in Eastern Ontario for 2001. The universal soil loss equation (LISLE), the universal soil loss equation 2 dimensions (USLE2D), and the unit stream power erosion deposition (LISPED) models are applied within a Geographic Information System (GIS) to calculate soil loss within agricultural fields. Hourly precipitation, soil survey, digital elevation, field boundary, and satellite imagery data are main inputs used to generate model parameters at non-depositional areas. These datasets are integrated to compute mean annual and monthly soil loss at multiple scales. For precision agriculture purposes, results are given as a number of high precision, high accuracy soil loss grids and associated summary tables under a variety of farming practices and erosion processes. Results indicate that: (1) soil loss is occurring at intolerable levels (>6 t ha-1 yr -1) in the region, particularly in the southeastern study region, (2) slope steepness followed by the cropping and management factor affect soil loss to the greatest extent, and (3) under no tillage systems, a considerable amount of soil is lost at intolerable levels in high slope areas. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
6
Nummer, Stephanie Ann. "Assessing the Effects of Conservation Practices and Fertilizer Application Methods on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses from Farm Fields – A Meta Analysis." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1470394645.
Full text
7
Maroof, Md Abu Sayeed. "Assessing the influence of parameters for agricultural flood loss estimation in the Middle Cedar River Watershed, Iowa." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2116.
Full textAbstract:
Agriculture is one of the major economic drivers and the production is highly dependable on the climatic conditions and very sensitive to the natural hazards like the flood. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) of United States developed Hazard-US model (HAZUS), a tool to estimate the loss to several sectors due to natural hazards like floods, hurricanes, and earthquakes. The study assesses the influence of input model parameters for HAZUS flood loss to crops.
This thesis analyzes different combinations of input parameters for the Middle Cedar River Watershed in Iowa. The parameters have been modified based on the cropping pattern of the study region and the pricing trends. The results include the computation of the loss distribution and the determination of the most influential parameters.
The study has found that some parameters are more influential in the loss estimation. The influence of parameters for the average annual loss (AAL) calculation is similar. Floods at the end of the cropping season are much more severe than floods at the beginning of the cropping season. Corns are more at risk than soybean because of the longer cropping season. Some counties experience more loss than others based on AAL.
The results indicate that the agricultural sector is more vulnerable to floods at the end of the cropping season. The estimation of loss can help emergency planning for floods affecting agriculture, and optimize the agricultural resource management. The inclusion of additional parameters like flood velocity and water quality in the model can increase the accuracy of the estimation.
8
Feswick, April Amanda Melissa. "Conserving biodiversity in agriculture-dominated landscapes: Loss of natural habitat drives lepidopteran declines at multiple spatial scales." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27132.
Full textAbstract:
The expansion of agriculture throughout the world has precipitated serious biodiversity losses. Countries with relatively extensive natural habitats, such as Canada, continue to intensify agricultural land uses, threatening to expand the scope of the present mass extinction. This thesis tests likely mechanisms of butterfly species decline in agricultural landscapes of varying intensities in the most biologically diverse region of Canada. I measured site variables such as the richness of plants suitable for larval development, patch area and shape index, and landscape variables such as heterogeneity and land-cover within buffers that varied in size from 100m to 1000m. Several rare species were not present in the agricultural sites, whereas a few species typically associated with disturbed habitat were present and abundant among most study sites. I found that agricultural intensification acts across landscapes to reduce butterfly species richness by reducing the proportion of natural habitat available. This effect was especially pronounced at 100m to 200m distances, suggesting a threshold effect beyond which the proportion of natural land is less critical to butterfly biodiversity. Within-site factors, such as plant species richness and habitat area were not affected by agricultural intensity, nor did they affect butterfly species richness and abundance. These results suggest that the mechanism linking butterfly species decline to agriculture, at least for butterflies in this region, is the loss of small habitat remnants.
9
Robillard, Cassandra. "Prioritizing Areas for Habitat Conservation in the Face of Climate and Land-Use Change." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34499.
Full textAbstract:
The selection of sites for biodiversity conservation is best done if it anticipates future challenges and efficiently accomplishes targets, given limited funding for such efforts. The first chapter of this thesis discusses how conservation practitioners might manage and enhance long-term survival for species whose ranges must shift as climate changes, across regions that present significant mobility barriers. I describe recommendations highlighting connectivity, refugia from climate change, adaptation, and restoration within agricultural landscapes in North America, but these recommendations are transferable elsewhere. The second chapter examines patterns of change in agricultural intensity and land price within Canada’s species-rich farmland between 1986 and 2011, and creates sequential cost-efficient plans to conserve resident species-at-risk within that time period, to determine how environmental and cost changes erode the efficiency of conservation plans. While sites initially selected as cost-efficient remained so through time, total plan costs increased, decreasing each plan’s ability to represent all species for a given budget. This emphasizes the urgent need for conservation within Canada’s farmland.
10
Shelton, Rebecca Erin. "CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE IN KENTUCKY: INVESTIGATING NITROGEN LOSS AND DYNAMICS IN CORN SYSTEMS FOLLOWING WHEAT AND HAIRY VETCH COVER CROPS." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/pss_etds/59.
Full textAbstract:
Unintentional nitrogen (N) loss from agroecosystems produces greenhouse gases, induces eutrophication, and is costly for farmers; therefore, adoption of conservation agricultural management practices, such as no-till and cover cropping, has increased. This study assessed N loss via leaching, NH3 volatilization, N2O emissions, and N retention in plant and soil pools of corn conservation agroecosystems across a year. Three systems were evaluated: 1) an unfertilized organic system with cover crops Vicia villosa, Triticum aestivum, or a mix of the two; 2) an organic system with a Vicia cover crop employing three fertilization schemes (0 N, organic N, or a cover crop N-credit approach); 3) a conventional system with a Triticum cover crop and three fertilization techniques (0 N, urea N, or organic N). During cover crop growth, species affected N leaching but gaseous emissions were low across all treatments. During corn growth, cover crop and fertilizer approach affected N loss. Fertilized treatments had greater N loss than unfertilized treatments, and fertilizer type affected gaseous fluxes temporally and in magnitude. Overall, increased N availability did not always indicate greater N loss or yield, suggesting that N conserving management techniques can be employed in conservation agriculture systems without sacrificing yield.
11
Wolmarans, Wilhelm J. "The effect of transport on live weight loss, meat quality and blood haematology in slaughter ostriches." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6762.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MScAgric (Animal Sciences))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The production and export of ostrich meat from southern Africa, to especially the European Union, are increasing rapidly due to the healthy nature of ostrich meat. The European Union has very high standards when importing food products, and it is inevitable that more emphasis is being placed on the production of high quality ostrich meat. Another aspect also of concern to consumers, is the welfare of animals prior to slaughter, and this forces producers to look at ways to decrease stress of animals during the ante-mortem period. Research regarding the effect of stress during the ante-mortem period, and as a result, on meat quality, haematology and weight loss in ostriches, is lacking and thus the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of various transport distances, travel conditions and different birds on these factors. Ante-mortem stress was measured using serum corticosterone levels (ng/ml), heterophil: lymphocyte (H:L) ratio, white blood cell (WBC) count, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine kinase (CK), as well as the rate and extent of pH decline in the M. gastrocnemius. Special emphasis was also placed on the meat quality parameters drip loss, cooking loss, colour and Warner-Bratzler shear force (kg/1.27 cm diameter). Live weight losses, as well as carcass weight and weight of bruises cut off from each bird were also recorded during various stages of the trials. The effect of transport distance on the meat quality of ostriches was investigated. Ultimate pHu measurements were taken at 24 hours post-mortem. The muscles of the ostriches from the control group (i.e. birds that were not transported prior to slaughter) had a lower mean pHu (5.77 ± 0.053) than birds that travelled 60 (5.93 ± 0.053) and 600 km (6.11 ± 0.053), respectively. Differences in meat drip loss percentage were also observed between the three treatments. The birds in the control group (0.40 ± 0.07 %) had the lowest meat drip loss percentage compared to the birds that travelled 60 km (treatment C) (1.36 ± 0.07 %) and 600 km (treatment B) (0.97 ± 0.07 %), respectively, to a commcerical ostrich abattoir. Ostriches that were transported for 600 km (8.13 ± 1.16 %) had a greater percentage live weight loss during the antemortem period than birds that travelled a distance of 60 km (2.4 ± 2.185 %) to the abattoir, although both groups were deprived of feed for the same period. When the haematology of the groups that travelled different distances was compared at various time intervals in the ante-mortem period, both groups of birds experienced significant increases in WBC, s-AST and s-CK. An increased H:L ratio from pre-transport to post-transport was only evident in the birds that travelled 600 km (treatment B). However, the birds that travelled 60 km were the only group of birds that had significant elevated serum corticosterone levels during the ante-mortem period. The increase in the various blood parameters indicates severe physical stress, which negatively affected meat quality. Another trial also investigated the effect of various farming systems and transport on meat quality and bruising of ostrich carcasses. Ostriches were raised in three different farming systems, i.e. feedlot -, semiintensive - and free range conditions. Other factors that could maybe impact on stress susceptibility, such as road conditions, floorspace and floor type were also investigated. A significant difference in meat pHu was found between ostriches that were raised in a feedlot (5.95 ± 0.018) and semi-intensive (6.04 ± 0.033) environment. The feedlot birds also had the greatest percentage of carcass weight removed due to bruising. The free range birds were the birds that had the lowest floor density per birds and also had the least amount of bruising on their carcasses. Incidently the other two groups (feedlot and semi intensive) were the birds that travelled on the same type of road (mountain pass) in a truck with rubber flooring whilst the free range birds travelled on a straight road in trucks with metal grid floors.The results indicate that the type of farming system didn’t have a significant influence on meat quality of ostriches, but that factors such as road conditions, flooring and bird density did play a significant role in the incidence of bruises and injuries obtained during transport.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die produksie en uitvoer van volstruisvleis vanuit suidelike Afrika, na veral die Europese Unie, is gedurig aan die toeneem as gevolg van die gesonde aard van volstruisvleis. Die Europese Unie het baie hoë standaarde wanneer dit kom by die invoer van voedselprodukte en dit is onvermydelik dat meer klem op die produksie van hoë gehalte volstruisvleis gelê word. ʼn Ander aspek wat ook kommer wek by verbruikers is die welstand van diere voor slagting en hierdie aspek noodsaak produsente om te kyk na maniere om stres te beperk tydens die periode voor slagting. Navorsing rakende die effek van stres tydens die ante-mortem periode, asook vleiskwaliteit, hematologie en gewigsverlies in volstruise as gevolg van vervoer, ontbreek. Die doel van die studie was dus om die invloed van verskillende vervoerafstande, vervoersomstandighede en tipe produksiesisteme op volstruise se stresrespons te ondersoek. Die omvang van ante-mortem stres is bepaal deur die serum-kortikosteroon vlakke (ng/ml), heterofiel: limfosiet (H:L) ratio, witbloedsel (WBS) telling, aspartaat aminotransferase AST en creatien kinase CK, asook die tempo en vlak van pH-daling in die M. gastrocnemius, te meet. Spesiale klem is gelê op die vleisgehalte parameters kookverlies, drupverlies, kleur en Warner-Bratzler-skeurwaardes (kg/1.27 cm deursnee). Gewigsverlies is aangeteken op verskillende stadiums tydens die proewe. Karkasgewigte en die hoeveelheid gewig afgesny van elke volstruiskarkas a.g.v. kneusings is ook bepaal. Die eerste studie het die invloed van vervoerafstand op vleiskwaliteit van slagvolstruise ondersoek. Vleis kwaliteit parameters soos pH, drip verlies, kook verlies, taaiheid en kleur is ondersoek. Die pHu metings is op 24 uur post-mortem geneem. Slagvolstruise in die kontrole groep (d.i. -volstruise wat nie voor slagting vervoer is nie) het ’n laer vleis pHu (5.77 ± 0.05) gehad as voëls wat onderskeidelik 60 km (5.93 ± 0.05) en 600 km (6.11 ± 0.05) ver vervoer is. Verskille in persentasie dripverlies is gesien tussen die vleis van die voëls wat nie vervoer is nie (0.40 ± 0.07 %) en die voëls wat 60 km (1.36 ± 0.07 %) en 600 km ver (0.97 ± 0.07 %) onderskeidelik vervoer is. Volstruise wat vir 600 km (8.13 ± 1.16 %) vervoer is, het ‘n groter persentasie lewende gewig tydens die ante-mortem periode as voëls wat 60 km (2.4 ± 2.19 %) ver vervoer is na die abattoir, verloor, al was beide groepe weerhou van voer vir dieselfde tydperk. Beide groepe wat vervoer is (60 en 600 km) het merkbare toenames in witbloedsel (WBS) tellings, s-AST’s en s-CK’s getoon tydens die ante-mortem periode. Daar is slegs ʼn toename in H:L ratio (ʼn indikator van stres) van voor vervoer tot na vervoer gesien in die voëls wat 600 km vervoer is. Daarteenoor was die voëls wat slegs 60 km vervoer is die enigste voëls wat ʼn toename in korticosteroon vlakke getoon het gedurende die ante-mortem periode. Die toenames is heel moontlik ‘n aanduiding van erge fisiese stres wat ‘n negatiewe effek op vleiskwaliteit het. Die tweede studie het die effek van verskillende produksiesisteme en die stress respons van die verskillende groepe slagvolstuise op vervoer ondersoek. Vleis kwaliteit parameters soos pH, drip verlies, kook verlies en taaiheid is ondersoek. Die hoeveelheid kneusings per volstruis is ook gemeet. Daar was ‘n beduidende verskil (P = 0.009) tussen die pHu van die voerkraal (5.95 ± 0.018) en semi- intensiewe (6.04 ± 0.033) volstruise. Die voerkraal volstruise se vleis het die grootste drip- en kookverliese gehad in vergelyking met die ander twee groepe (semi-intensiewe en ekstensiewe) terwyl die ekstensiewe volstruise die taaiste vleis gehad het. Die voerkraalvoëls het ook die grootste persentasie karkasgewig verloor a.g.v. kneusings wat afgesny is. Die ekstensiewe voëls het die laagste vloer digtheid per volstruis gehad asook die minste kneusings. Die ander twee groepe (voerkraal en semi intensief) was die groepe wat op dieselfde pad vervoer is (bergpas) in vragmotors wat rubber vloere gehad het terwyl die ekstensiewe voêls op ‘n reguit pad vervoer is in ‘n vragmotor met ‘n metaal oppervlakte. Die resultate van die studie is ‘n aanduiding dat die tipe plaassisteem nie ‘n groot impak op die hoeveelheid akute stres ervaar deur die voëls tydens vervoer gehad het of gevolglik op die vleiskwaliteit van die volstruise nie, maar dat faktore soos pad toestand, tipe vloer en voëldigtheid wel ‘n wesenlike rol speel in die voorkoms van kneusings en beserings opgedoen tydens vervoer.
12
Wilson, Daniel O. "MALE FARMERS COPING WITH LOSS OF SPOUSE: IMPACTS ON FARMING OPERATION AND FAMILY LIFE." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cld_etds/3.
Full textAbstract:
Losing a spouse is as devastating an experience anyone will ever deal with in his or her life. Research, however, shows that men have a harder and longer time coping with the loss of a spouse than women. When the widower’s profession is farming, there are no resources to specifically help that individual with their loss. The purpose of this research was to gain insight into the lives of widowed farmers with particular focus on transitions in their farming operation and their family life. Through their stories, we learn what is happening before the loss of the female spouse on the farm, during the bereavement period, and how the farmer handles the situation after the bereavement period has ended. Findings indicate that the Cooperative Extension Service can play a major role in supporting our widowed farmers as they seek a new normal for their farm operation and family life. Also, farming widowers have more stress following the loss of a spouse due to the added aspect of managing the farm and the home simultaneously after the passing of their spouse. Recommendations include further expanding spousal bereavement materials to include a section for males and in particular farming widowers.
13
Shrestha, Debendra. "CHARACTERIZING NITROGEN LOSS AND GREENHOUSE GAS FLUX ACROSS AN INTENSIFICATION GRADIENT IN DIVERSIFIED VEGETABLE SYSTEMS." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/pss_etds/111.
Full textAbstract:
The area of vegetable production is growing rapidly world-wide, as are efforts to increase production on existing lands in these labor- and input-intensive systems. Yet information on nutrient losses, greenhouse gas emissions, and input efficiency is lacking. Sustainable intensification of these systems requires knowing how to optimize nutrient and water inputs to improve yields while minimizing negative environmental consequences. This work characterizes soil nitrogen (N) dynamics, nitrate (NO3¯) leaching, greenhouse gas emissions, and crop yield in five diversified vegetable systems spanning a gradient of intensification that is characterized by inputs, tillage and rotational fallow periods. The study systems included a low input organic system (LI), a mechanized, medium scale organic system (CSA), an organic movable high tunnel system (MOV), a conventional system (CONV) and an organic stationary high tunnel system (HT). In a three-year vegetable crop rotation with three systems (LI, HT and CONV), key N loss pathways varied by system; marked N2O and CO2 losses were observed in the LI system and NO3– leaching was greatest in the CONV system. Yield-scaled global warming potential (GWP) was greater in the LI system compared to HT and CONV, driven by greater greenhouse gas flux and lower yields in the LI system. The field data from CONV system were used to calibrate the Root Zone Water Quality Model version 2 (RZWQM2) and HT and LI vegetable systems were used to validate the model. RZWQM2 simulated soil NO3¯-N content reasonably well in crops grown on bare ground and open field (e.g. beet, collard, bean). Despite use of simultaneous heat and water (SHAW) option in RZWQM2 to incorporate the use of plastic mulch, we were not able to successfully simulate NO3¯-N data. The model simulated cumulative N2O emissions from the CONV vegetable system reasonably well, while the model overestimated N2O emissions in HT and LI systems.
14
Hamman, William Patrick. "Comparison of Variable Rate Prescriptions and Optimum Seeding Rate in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] and the Impact of Soybean Seeding Rate on Combine Fuel Use and Grain Loss at Harvest." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1554998913565697.
Full text
15
Hoffmann, Markus. "Assessment of leaching loss estimates and gross load of nitrogen from arable land in Sweden /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5497-2.pdf.
Full text
16
Lim, Kelvin Z. "EFFECT OF FLAVOMYCIN (FLAVOPHOSPHOLIPOL) ON THE ACQUISITION AND LOSS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT SALMONELLA ENTERICA SEROVAR ENTERITIDIS IN BROILER CHICKENS." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429289203.
Full text
17
Soper, Alysha Marie. "Integrated pest management of noctuids in Kansas sorghum: a bioeconomic approach to agricultural pest management." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13130.
Full textAbstract:
Master of ScienceEntomology
Brian McCornack
Several lepidopteran species infest developing panicles. Larval identification is challenging and time intensive, so current recommendations are often simplified by treating all larvae equally across species. Consequently, the yield-loss model developed for corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea) by Buckley and Burkhardt (1962) has been the foundation for management recommendations in modern sorghum Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs for the last 49 years. Additionally, although pest populations primarily include both fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) and corn earworm, only a single species damage estimate is used in economic threshold (ET) and economic injury level (EIL) calculations despite multi-species infestations. This research demonstrates both the validation of current management recommendations for corn earworm and the verification of previously assumed damage potentials for fall armyworm feeding in developing sorghum panicles. These results have important implications for sorghum producers faced with making a management decision for multi-species infestations.
18
Vredenbregt, Sjoerd. "The Call of the Godwit : An Exploration of Birds and Farmers in a Landscape of Loss." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-385673.
Full textAbstract:
The lives of black-tailed godwits and farmers in the meadow landscapes of the Netherlands are closely entangled. While godwits and other ‘meadow birds’ have lived in around the human shaped meadows for many centuries and, especially in the first half of the 20thcentury, profited from farming practices, from the second half of the 20thcentury, their populations started to decline rapidly. Based on studies to the ecology and ethology of godwits, and interviews with farmers that work to save godwits and other birds on their land, this thesis explores the relationship between godwits and farmers situated in the meadow landscape through lively ethographic storytelling. Storytelling is a powerful method because it leaves open for multiple perspectives, without privileging the one over the other. Through this approach I aim to tell the stories of godwits and farmers alongside each other, in a way that gives individuals agency and presents their lives as meaningful. Through these stories I hope to engage readers with, and (re)connect them to, the lives of godwits and farmers and open up to a ‘capacity for response’.
19
Pu, Qiongyou. "Who Won? Who Failed? A Comparative Analysis of Online Collective Action in China." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1276112548.
Full text
20
Salgado, Jorge David. "Modeling the Effects of Fusarium Head Blight on Wheat Grain Yield and Quality and Developing Cost-effective Strategies for Minimizing Losses." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1396968172.
Full text
21
Santhi, Kanna Dorai Kannan. "Industrial Pollution and Economic Compensation : A Study of Down Stream Villages in Noyyal River, Tirupur, Tamil Nadu, South India." Thesis, Linköping : Linköping University. Department of Water and Environmental Studies, 2008. http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:223033/FULLTEXT02.
Full text
22
Sánchez, Dávila Mario Elmer. "Comprender la agricultura en los Andes Peruanos: Religión en la comunidad de Yanque (Caylloma, Arequipa)." Centro de Estudios Antropológicos Luis Eduardo Valcárcel, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/622562.
Full textAbstract:
Este artículo analiza la agricultura en el mundo Andino a través del caso la comunidad de Yanque,
distrito de la provincia de Caylloma, departamento de Arequipa (Perú). La agricultura es su principal
actividad social debido a la importancia colectiva no sólo de sus manifestaciones económicas y
políticas, sino también religiosas. Por eso, este artículo se enfoca en las expresiones religiosas más
visibles: el sincretismo católico-quechua y la fiesta laboral ritualizada del Yarqa Aspiy.
23
Cruz, Christian D. "Impact Of Foliar Diseases On Soybean In Ohio: Frogeye Leaf Spot And Septoria Brown Spot." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1228070831.
Full text
24
Sánchez, Dávila Mario Elmer. "Comprender la agricultura en los Andes peruanos: Economía y política en la comunidad de Yanque (Caylloma, Arequipa)." Escuela de Antropología de la Universidad Academia de Humanismo Cristiano (UAHC), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/622619.
Full textAbstract:
Este artículo analiza la agricultura en el mundo andino a través del caso de la comunidad de Yanque, distrito de la provincia de
Caylloma, departamento de Arequipa (Perú). La agricultura es su principal actividad social debido a la vital importancia colectiva
de sus dimensiones económicas y políticas, que muestran cómo Yanque es una comunidad andina que, en el siglo XXI, continúa
preservando la tradición de sus herencias culturales mientras se encuentra inserta en modernos cambios sociales que conllevan
los dinámicos procesos de interrelación con sociedades urbanas y globales capitalistas.This paper analyzes agriculture in the andean world through the case of the community of Yanque, district of Caylloma province, department of Arequipa (Peru). Agriculture is the main social activity because of the vital collective importance of its economic and politics dimensions, that show how Yanque is an Andean community that, in the 21st century, continues to preserve the tradition of its cultural heritages while it is inserted in modern social changes that entail the dynamic processes of interrelation with urban and global capitalist societies.
25
Slaydon, Sunny Leigh. "Agricultural science students' perceptions and knowledge of hearing loss." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-3095.
Full text
26
Tully, Jennifer Anne. "Tax breaks in U.S. agriculture : who benefits, who loses?" Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78065.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1986.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH
Bibliography: leaves 54-56.
by Jennifer Anne Tully.
M.C.P.
27
Humann, Michael Jerome. "Hearing loss and task-based noise exposures among agricultural populations." Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/986.
Full textAbstract:
Hazardous noise exposures and hearing loss have been documented among farmers and farm workers for many years. However, little is known about the noise exposures during specific agricultural work tasks and their effect on hearing loss. The objective of this dissertation was to assess the effects of specific agricultural tasks on hearing loss and their contribution to total noise exposures.
Three studies were conducted to accomplish this objective. The first study examined associations between hearing sensitivity among rural residents (nfarmer = 960, nnon-farmers = 608) and self-reported years of participation in 12 agricultural tasks. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine associations between agricultural activities and hearing loss >25dB. Linear regression analysis was used to examine associations between agricultural tasks and mean decibels of hearing loss. The results indicated farmers have greater hearing loss than non-farmers. However years of participation in specific agricultural tasks was poorly associated with hearing loss. This result suggests that self-reported years engaging in specific agricultural activities may be a poor surrogate for true noise exposure
In the second study noise exposures (personal dosimetry) and corresponding task data (direct observation) were collected on 18 grain farms, and mean noise exposures (dBA) were calculated for specific agricultural tasks. Noise exposures ranged from 78.6 dBA to 99.0 dBA across all tasks. The noise exposures for each task varied greatly (large standard deviation and maximum exposure) with most of the variability within the farms. Although specific tasks with intense noise exposures were identified, most comparisons of mean noise exposures from one task to another were not statistically different and intense exposures were present for nearly all tasks. Therefore, controlling noise only for those tasks with the greatest mean noise exposures may not completely eliminate hazardous exposures or the hearing loss risk.
For the third study, estimates of 8-hr time-weighted-average (TWA) noise exposures were calculated using time-at-task observations from one population of farmers and prior dosimeter measured mean task-based noise exposures from an independent population of farmers. Additionally, dosimeter measured daily noise exposures from the independent population of farmers were also analyzed to identify significant determinants of noise exposure. Simple linear regression analysis was used to compare estimated and actual dosimeter-measured 8-hr TWA noise exposures. The noise exposure determinants were identified by conducting multivariable linear mixed-effects regression analysis on the one-minute noise measurements from the dosimeter measured daily noise exposures. The results indicated the estimated and measured 8-hr TWA noise exposures varied considerably. Therefore, the estimates were not considered reliable. Furthermore, task, number of noise sources and work area were found to have a statistically significant association with noise exposure.
In summary, hearing loss and noise exposures among agricultural populations are complex and cannot be completely explained by examining agricultural tasks only. More detailed evaluations of tasks are needed to increase the understanding of hearing loss and noise exposure in this dynamic work environment.
28
Rodríguez, Parra Diego Ignacio. "Caracterización de las actividades ganaderas e identificación de los problemas productivos y sanitarios que afectan a comunidades mapuches (Cariqueo y Quinahue), Region de la Araucania." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/136210.
Full textAbstract:
Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Médico VeterinarioEl médico veterinario (MV) juega un papel relevante en el desarrollo del mundo rural y de los pequeños productores pecuarios, los que a su vez son una fuente rica de conocimiento práctico de la agricultura y la ganadería. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar e identificar las actividades ganaderas y los problemas productivos y sanitarios que afectan a las comunidades mapuches Cariqueo y Quinahue, de la comuna de Galvarino, región de la Araucanía. Para esto se utilizaron las herramientas analíticas de la Epidemiología Participativa (EP). Los resultados demuestran que la principal actividad económica de las comunidades es la ganadería (67%), que las principales enfermedades del ganado son parasitarias (58%), destacándose la Fasciola hepática y La Mosca de los Cuernos (Haematobia irritans o Lyperosia irritans), que las principales problemáticas de los productores se deben a la falta de agua y la escasa cantidad de tierras, y a la falta de manejo reproductivo de los rebaños, manteniendo a machos y hembras juntos todo el año. El presente estudio permite concluir que ambas comunidades se caracterizan por tener sistemas productivos escasamente manejados y con problemáticas bastante similares. Para aportar al desarrollo y empoderamiento de estas comunidades, el concepto de participación es fundamental, y debe ser el eje central de cualquier estrategia de intervención.
29
Domínguez, Concha Javier Andrés. "Caracterización y tipificación de los sistemas de producción campesinos de la comuna de Chile Chico, XI Región." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2007. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/151572.
Full textAbstract:
Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniero ForestalEl aislamiento geográfico, y las condiciones naturales de la región de Aysén, han desarrollado en ésta, una agricultura de tipo familiar con características de gestión particulares, pues en esta región no sólo las rigores del clima determinan las actividades desarrolladas en las unidades, sino también la base de recursos naturales que poseen, y la forma específica en que éstos son incorporados en las unidades campesinas. La comuna de Chile Chico, ubicada entre los paralelos 46º28´16” y 47º05´12” Sur, y los meridianos 71º38´16” y 73º12´56” Oeste, responde a esta lógica particular de incorporación de las condiciones naturales en los sistemas de producción, existiendo en ella una serie de situaciones específicas, que requieren de intervenciones diferenciadas para la satisfacción de las demandas económicas, sociales y ambientales que presentan. La presente investigación respondió a esta problemática, buscando explicar esta diversidad de condiciones a través de la Caracterización y tipificación de los sistemas de producción campesinos de la comuna de Chile Chico.
30
Saif, Hakeem Thamir. "Factors influencing base saturation and Ca/Mg ratios in soils of southeastern Ohio /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487266362337536.
Full text
31
Murphy, P. N. C. "The effect of lime, gypsum and phosphorus loss from agricultural soils to water." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.411760.
Full text
32
Muñoz, Nájar Gonzales Mónica, and Cardich María Verónica Villena. "El impacto del clima sobre el ingreso neto de los agricultores en el Perú : enfoque ricardiano." Master's thesis, Universidad del Pacífico, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11354/1998.
Full textAbstract:
La agricultura en el Perú es una actividad, en particular, vulnerable a variaciones en el clima, en especial por su diversidad de pisos altitudinales y climas, así como por la alta predominancia de pobreza entre los productores agrícolas, que no siempre cuentan con los recursos adecuados para enfrentar condiciones adversas o cambios en las condiciones normales del clima. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar el impacto que diferentes valores normales de temperatura y precipitación ejercen sobre el ingreso neto de los agricultores. Se emplea la metodología establecida en Mendelsohn et al. (1994), conocida como “enfoque ricardiano”, que plantea que se puede aproximar el impacto de los cambios en las condiciones climáticas analizando la renta de la tierra o el ingreso neto del agricultor. Esta metodología tiene la ventaja de que considera implícitamente todas las posibles estrategias de adaptación que pueden adoptar los agricultores y, por lo tanto, no sobreestima el impacto del clima sobre la agricultura. Se propone un modelo econométrico de corte transversal usando la información sobre las características de la actividad agrícola proveniente de la Encuesta Nacional de Programas Estratégicos (Enapres); para la información sobre temperatura y precipitación, se emplea la base de datos WorldClim- Global Climate Data (Hijmans et al. 2005), y la información sobre el tipo de suelos proporcionada por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO 1971). Se encontraron efectos diferenciados de la temperatura y precipitación para las tres regiones naturales. En especial, en la costa y en la selva se observó un efecto negativo de entre 5 y 6% de reducción en el ingreso neto ante incrementos de un grado de temperatura. En la sierra, el efecto agregado parece ser nulo. Esto se corresponde con un análisis por altitud y región que indica que, a mayor altitud, menor es el efecto negativo de incrementos en la temperatura, lo cual se condice con el hecho de que en zonas altas las temperaturas promedio son muy bajas e incrementos mejorarían la frontera productiva de la zona.
33
Stojánková, Radka. "Audit účetní závěrky vybraného zemědělského podniku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241315.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis is focused on the audit on an agricultural entity. There is a historical development of audit and basic information. The thesis describes the regulation in the European Union, the procedure itself in accordance with International Standards on Auditing and the specifics of the audit at the agricultural company. In the analytical part is the procedure shown on a particular entity. The aims are to describe legislative regulation and procedure of audit in the Czech Republic.
34
Toth, Orsolya. "Strategic Plan for an Egyptian Village: A policy analysis of the loss of agricultural land in Egypt." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1258472826.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Master of Community Planning)--University of Cincinnati, 2009.Advisor: David J. Edelman. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Feb. 22, 2010). Includes abstract. Keywords: agricultural land loss;strategic plan;urban planning. Includes bibliographical references.
35
Foguesatto, Cristian Rogério. "Percepções de riscos e estratégias para gerenciá-los em agroindústrias familiares." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/147926.
Full textAbstract:
As atividades agroindustriais familiares destacam-se como alternativas econômicas, podendo ter papel relevante para os agricultores familiares que não obtêm resultados financeiros considerados satisfatórios apenas com as atividades agrícolas. Entretanto, existem inúmeros riscos que podem afetar negativamente essas organizações, tanto em seu ambiente interno, quanto no externo. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa foi conduzida com o objetivo de analisar as percepções de riscos e as estratégias adotadas para gerenciá-los dos tomadores de decisões das agroindústrias familiares no estado do Rio Grande do Sul - RS. Com esta finalidade, os dados foram coletados por meio da aplicação de questionários via e-mail, em feiras locais e em visitas nas próprias agroindústrias familiares, resultando em uma amostra de 72 respondentes. Os dados foram analisados utilizando estatística descritiva, analise fatorial, teste Kruskal-Wallis e o teste de Dunn. Os resultados apresentam as características dos tomadores de decisões e das unidades de produção familiares e mostram que 62,5% da amostra estudada destacam como principal motivação para a criação desse novo empreendimento, o aumento da renda agregando valor à matéria-prima. Além disso, 87% dos respondentes afirmam que a atividade agroindustrial evoluiu desde a sua criação. O estudo revelou a existência de três grupos de agroindústrias familiares, levando em conta a principal matéria-prima utilizada: animal, vegetal e misto. Nesse contexto, criou-se a sigla MPPM para evidenciar as matérias-primas do grupo misto. Os resultados demonstram que os as fontes de riscos consideradas mais relevantes pelos respondentes foram: situação econômica do país, inflação/deflação e a variação do preço do produto produzido. As estratégias de gestão mais importantes foram: manter-se informado sobre novas tecnologias, utilizar informações de assistência técnica e manter liquidez adequada (produto final). Por fim, entende-se que esses resultados auxiliam os tomadores de decisões destes estabelecimentos e, para o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas nesse segmento.The family agroindustrial activities are important economic alternatives primarily for family farmers who do not obtain satisfactory financial results only with agricultural activities. However, there are numerous risks that may adversely affect these organizations, both in internal and external environment. The objective of this study was to analyze the perceptional risks and strategies and how to manage them from the decision makers of family farms in the state of Rio Grande do Sul - RS. For this purpose, data were collected through e-mail questionnaires, at local fairs and visits in some family farms, resulting in a sample of 72 respondents. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn test. The results brough up decision makers characteristics and family production units and indicate that 62.5% of the studied population had primary motivation for the creation of this new venture, increased income adding value to raw materials. In addition, 87 % of the sample said that the agroindustrial activity has evolved since its inception. The study revealed the existence of three groups of family agroindustries, taking into account the main raw material: animal, vegetable and those using animal and vegetable (mix). It was created the abbreviation MPPM to highlight the raw materials of the mix group. The results show that the risks from sources considered most important by respondents were: economic situation of the country, inflation / deflation and the change in the price of the product produced. The most important management strategies were: to stay informed about new technologies, using technical assistance information and maintain adequate liquidity (final product). Finally, these results help decision makers of these establishments and for the development of public policies in this segment.
36
Millan, Zuñiga Santiago. "Efeitos da guerra civil colombiana nas trajetórias dos agricultores do município de María La Baja." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/149338.
Full textAbstract:
O objetivo desta dissertação é identificar os efeitos da guerra civil na diversidade rural mediante uma reconstrução sócio-histórica das trajetórias dos agricultores de Cucal e Cascajalito, do município de María la Baja. São salientados, como efeitos imediatos da violência da guerra civil nos agricultores de Cucal e Cascajalito a desestruturação da família, como efeito do deslocamento forçado e abandono de terras, assim como a ruptura de vínculos de confiança. Ambos os efeitos irromperam na condição camponesa (PLOEG, 2008) constituída até o momento, provocando trajetórias diferenciadas e com efeitos sobre a diversidade rural. Como efeitos estruturantes da guerra civil na configuração de diversidade rural, ressaltam-se de, um lado, a emergência de um processo de recampenização em Cascajalito, produto das decisões estratégicas adotadas no passado sobre a forma de gerir a propriedade e a produção, dos repertórios culturais baseados na experiência organizativa da ANUC – Asociación Nacional de Usuarios Campesinos – e de uma moral camponesa (WOORTMANN, 1990), baseada na ética da terra como espaço de sacrifício e luta; e de outro lado, a emergência e expansão do Império em Cucal, que se expressa em María la Baja por meiio do cultivo da palma. Isto como consequência da vulnerabilidade socioeconômica dos camponeses posterior à violência da guerra civil e à agência oportunista de interessados em provocar e promover um processo de mercantilização da terra e homogeneização da produção agrícola mediante o cultivo extensivo de palma de óleo.El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar los efectos de la guerra civil en la diversidad rural mediante la reconstrucción socio histórica de las trayectorias de los agricultores de Cucal e Cascajalito, del municipio de María la Baja. Se enfatizan como efectos inmediatos da violencia da guerra civil en los agricultores de Cucal e Cascajalito, la desestructuración de la familia como efecto del desplazamiento forzado y abandono de tierras, así como la ruptura de vínculos de confianza. Ambos efectos irrumpieran en la condición campesina (PLOEG, 2008), que hasta el momento había sido constituida. Como efectos estructurantes de la guerra civil en la configuración de diversidad rural se resaltan, de un lado, la emergencia de un proceso de recampenización en Cascajalito, producto de las decisiones estratégicas adoptadas en el pasado sobre la forma de gestionar la propiedad y la producción, de los repertorios culturales basados en la experiencia organizativa de la ANUC - Asociación Nacional de Usuarios Campesinos-, e de una moral campesina (WOORTMANN, 1990), basada en la ética de la tierra como espacio de sacrificio y lucha. Y de otro lado, la emergencia y expansión del Imperio en Cucal, que se expresa en María la Baja por medio del cultivo de palma. Esto como consecuencia de la vulnerabilidad socio económica de los campesinos posterior a la violencia de la guerra civil e a la a agencia oportunista de interesados en provocar y promover un proceso de mercantilización de la tierra e de homogenización de la producción agrícola mediante el cultivo extensivo de palma de aceite.
37
Remus, Borel Wilfried. "Étude du rôle de la silice chez le blé dans l'induction des molécules de défense lors d'une infection par le blanc." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24928/24928.pdf.
Full text
38
Ferrándiz, García Marcela. "Encapsulación de aceites esenciales funcionales para su aplicación en agricultura." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/58990.
Full textAbstract:
[EN] The application of microcapsules has been spread in recent years in many different sectors such as food, medical, cosmetic and textile due to the benefits that these systems have, with respect to the use of the unencapsulated active compounds. The microcapsules get a progressive and effective release of highly volatile to ensure their functionality over time molecules.
Essential oils are volatile liquid fractions biosynthesized by plants that have very interesting properties, such as antimicrobial, insecticide or pesticide capacity.
To take advantage of these properties of oils for use in agriculture, the microencapsulation has been studied by different techniques: spray drying, interfacial polymerization and co-extrusion/gelling, because each technique allows the use of a membrane material, and different operating conditions which result in microcapsules with very different properties.
The microcapsules developed were characterized by using different techniques. Thermal analysis using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) has provided useful information about the thermal stability of the starting materials to select conditions most suitable microencapsulation process, and to determine the thermal stability of the microcapsules obtained. By using electron microscopy (SEM) state and morphology of the microcapsules were determined. Meanwhile, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) has corroborated the presence of essential oils inside the microcapsules, such as the antimicrobial trial performed.
Parallel to the development of the microcapsules, obtaining a biodegradable textile substrate to serve as a vehicle for applying microcapsules has been studied. The textile substrate consisted of a nonwoven fabric made from hemp pruning waste with a high capacity for disintegration, which can be encompassed in the field of bio blankets application in agriculture.
Microcapsules have been applied on the nonwoven fabric by applying a binder; in this case, the use of two completely biodegradable natural polymers was studied, given the final application substrate. Nonwoven fabrics have been characterized by different techniques, among them; the antimicrobial activity and resistance to weathering under real conditions were evaluated.
With the development of this research it is intended to harness the potential provided by microencapsulation, in order to functionalize a product providing it with greater added value while maintaining the concept of sustainability.[ES] La aplicación de las microcápsulas se ha extendido en los últimos años en diversos sectores tan diferentes como el alimentario, médico, cosmético o textil por los beneficios que estos sistemas presentan, con respecto al empleo de los compuestos activos sin encapsular. Las microcápsulas consiguen una liberación progresiva y eficaz de moléculas altamente volátiles para garantizar su funcionalidad en el tiempo. Los aceites esenciales son fracciones liquidas volátiles biosintetizadas por las plantas que presentan propiedades muy interesantes, como su capacidad antimicrobiana, insecticida o pesticida. Con el fin de aprovechar estas propiedades de los aceites para su aplicación en agricultura, se ha estudiado su microencapsulación mediante diferentes técnicas: secado por atomización, polimerización interfacial y co-extrusión/gelificación, pues cada una de ellas permite el empleo de unos materiales membrana, y condiciones de operación diferentes que dan lugar a microcápsulas con propiedades muy diversas. Las microcápsulas desarrolladas han sido caracterizadas mediante diferentes técnicas. El análisis térmico realizado mediante análisis de calorimetría diferencial (DSC) ha proporcionado información útil sobre la estabilidad térmica de los materiales de partida para seleccionar las condiciones del proceso de microencapsulación más adecuadas, así como determinar la estabilidad térmica de las microcápsulas obtenidas. Mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM) se ha determinado el estado y morfología de las microcápsulas. Por su parte, la espectroscopia de infrarrojos (FTIR) ha permitido corroborar la presencia de los aceites esenciales en el interior de las microcápsulas, al igual que el ensayo antimicrobiano realizado. En paralelo al desarrollo de las microcápsulas, se ha estudiado la obtención de un sustrato textil biodegradable que sirva de vehículo para aplicar las microcápsulas. El sustrato textil ha consistido en un tejido no tejido, elaborado a partir de residuos de poda del cáñamo, con una elevada capacidad de desintegración, que puede englobarse en el campo de las bio-mantas de aplicación en agricultura. Las microcápsulas han sido aplicadas sobre el tejido no tejido mediante la aplicación de un ligante, en este caso se ha estudiado el uso de dos polímeros naturales completamente biodegradables, dada la aplicación final del sustrato. Los tejidos no tejidos han sido caracterizados mediante diferentes técnicas, entre ellas, se ha evaluado la capacidad antimicrobiana y, la resistencia a la intemperie en condiciones reales. Con el desarrollo de esta investigación se pretende aprovechar las posibilidades que la microencapsulación ofrece, con el fin de funcionalizar un producto dotándolo de un mayor valor añadido manteniendo el concepto de sostenibilidad.
[CAT] L' aplicació de microcàpsules s'ha estès al llarg dels últims anys a sectors industrials tan diferents com l'alimentari, cosmètic, mèdic o tèxtil, a causa dels beneficis que aquests sistemes presenten, respecte a l'ús dels compostos actius sense microencapsular. Les microcàpsules aconseguixen una alliberació eficaç i gradual de molècules molt volàtils que garantix la seua funcionalitat al llarg del temps. Els olis essencials són fraccions líquides volàtils biosintetitzades per les plantes que tenen propietats molt interessants, com antimicrobianes, insecticides o pesticides. Amb la finalitat d'aprofitar aquestes propietats dels olis per a la seua aplicació en agricultura, s'ha estudiat la seua microencapsulació mitjançant diferents tecnologies: assecament per polvorització, polimerització interfacial i co-extrusió/gelificació, ja que cadascuna d'elles permet l'ús d'uns materials membrana, així como d'unes condicions d'encapsulació diferents que donen lloc a microcàpsules amb propietats molt concretes. Les microcàpsules desenvolupades han sigut caracteritzades mitjançant diferents tècniques. L'anàlisi tèrmic realitzat per calorimetria diferencial (DSC) ha permès obtindre informació útil sobre l'estabilitat tèrmica dels materials per tal de seleccionar les condicions de procés per a la microencapsulació més optimes. Mitjançant la microscòpia electrònica de barreig (SEM) s'ha obtés informació de l'estat i morfologia de les microcàpsules. D'altra banda, l'Espectroscòpia Infraroja per Transformada de Fourier (FTIR) corroborà la presència dels olis a l'interior de les microcàpsules, així com també ho feu l'assaig antimicrobià. Paral·lelament al desenvolupament de les microcàpsules s'ha estudiat l'obtenció d'un substrat tèxtil biodegradable, per utilitzar-lo com a vehicle per aplicar les microcàpsules. Aquest substrat tèxtil ha estat format per un teixit no teixit obtés a partir de residus de les plantes de cànem, amb gran capacitat de desintegració, el qual pot classificar-se dintre de les conegudes com a bio mantes d'aplicació en agricultura. Les microcàpsules s'han aplicat sobre el teixit no teixit mitjançant l'aplicació d'un lligam, en aquest cas s'ha estudiat l'ús de dos polímers naturals completament biodegradables, donada l'aplicació final. Els teixits no teixits han estat caracteritzats per diferent assajos, entre ells, l'evolució de la capacitat antimicrobiana i la resistència en condicions reals. Amb el desenvolupament d'aquesta investigació es pretén aprofitar les possibilitat que ofereix la microencapsulació, amb la finalitat d'obtindre un producte de valor agregat mantenint la sostenibilitat.
Ferrándiz García, M. (2015). Encapsulación de aceites esenciales funcionales para su aplicación en agricultura [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/58990
TESIS
39
Schneider, Helen Marie. "Soil loss and sediment yield in a tropical agricultural catchment : the Upper Tana River Basin, Kenya." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34497.
Full text
40
Edwards-Morris, Seanicaa Evette. "IDENTIFICATION OF DISEASE AND WEATHER RELATED LOSS FACTORS AND AN EFFICIENCY MEASURE AFFECTING THE U.S. FARM-RAISED CATFISH INDUSTRY." MSSTATE, 2008. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-04042008-092426/.
Full textAbstract:
This study analyzed factors that affected catfish losses from diseases and weather events and factors that affected on-farm efficiency. A double limit tobit model was used to determine the magnitudes of losses experienced by producers due to these events, while a linear regression model was used to determine factors that affect efficiency. Results from the weather model indicate all variables are significant and positively affect loss while producer experience and pond depth were the only significant variables that affected disease loss. The efficiency model results provide information that could be increased or decreased in order to obtain a more efficient level of production. Significant inputs in the catfish efficiency model were age, experience, age/experience (interactive), catfish survival percentage, and percentage of fry and fingerlings purchased off-farm.
41
Orozco, Abundis Mario Alberto. "Fomento de la agricultura sostenible mediante el estableciomiento de un sistema de garantías de calidad en los procesos productivos u de comunicación a los consumidores. Aplicación a la agricultura mexicana." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6842.
Full textAbstract:
El surgimiento de una nueva forma de hacer agricultura respetando al medio ambiente y vinculada con la producción de alimentos sanos y orientados al mercado de exportación, ha venido ganando importancia en la agricultura mundial durante las ultimas tres décadas. Esta nueva forma de agricultura es conocida como Agricultura Ecológica.En la presente Tesis Doctoral se hace un análisis de la agricultura ecológica y de los productos que esta genera en Europa y de manera particular en España, desde los antecedentes hasta la situación actual, pasando por los beneficios, la legislación, el consumo, la calidad, la certificación, las estrategias de identificación (etiquetas), entre otras, como punto de partida para la implantación de este sector ecológico al agro mexicano. Se realiza un diagnostico desde el punto de vista ecológico y muestra la oportunidad que se presenta para un país como México, de incorporar este tipo de agricultura, tanto para la mejora del medio ambiente, como para un mejor desarrollo socioeconómico, sin perder de vista las raíces culturales. México, es un país con vocación agrícola, con climas favorables y territorios disponibles para este tipo de explotaciones, y esta Tesis demuestra su viabilidad, a través del rescate de tecnologías tradicionales y la incorporación de métodos de certificación y sistemas de comercialización, contribuyendo para la mejora de la calidad de vida de la sociedad actual (indígenas, campesinos, productores, comerciantes, consumidores, etc.), mostrando cambios en la demanda de los alimentos, criterios para la salud y nuevas exigencias ambientales.Se hace un análisis del marco jurídico que marcan las leyes mexicanas, en cuanto a aspectos de regulación ambiental, equilibrio ecológico y contaminación del suelo, se estudian la importancia social y económica, así como la normativa y los procesos de certificación, etiquetado y comercialización.Como parte prioritaria se analizan casos prácticos de organizaciones que ya trabajan la agricultura ecológica en México, y que han sido reconocidas a nivel Nacional como Internacional, como el caso de la Unión de Comunidades Indígenas de la Región del Istmo (UCIRI), principales productores de café ecológico en México, de los Productores Orgánicos del Cabo de Baja California Sur y de la Red de Alternativas Sustentables Agropecuarias (RASA), con sede en Guadalajara, Jalisco., ejemplos a seguir para la implementación de la agricultura respetuosa del medio ambiente a nuevas comunidades agrícolas del país, fortaleciendo su identidad cultural y la conservación de los recursos naturales.El producto principal de esta Tesis Doctoral, es la generación de una propuesta de un sistema de garantías de calidad en los procesos productivos y de comunicación, para el impulso de la agroecología en México, propuesta que se orienta hacia el aprovechamiento del potencial de la agroecología como eje impulsor del desarrollo local, manteniendo a la población activa en el medio rural."Queda mucho por construir pero, tal como se ha visualizado a lo largo de la investigación, las posibilidades de desarrollo local apuntan optimistas siempre y cuando se conjunten las voluntades y los esfuerzos hacia un bien comun..."Mario A. OrozcoThe emergence of a new form of making agriculture giving respect to the environment linked to the production of healthy foods oriented to export markets has gained importance in world agriculture in the last three decades. This new form of agriculture is known as Ecological Agriculture.This Philosophy Doctor thesis analyses ecological agriculture and the products that it generates in Europe, Spain in particular, from its roots until the present situation, reviewing its benefits, legislation, consumption, quality, certification, the identification strategies (labels), among others, as the starting point for the implementation of this ecological sector in Mexican agriculture.A diagnosis is being made from the ecological point of view showing the opportunity of introducing this type of agriculture to a country like Mexico, for environmental improvement as well as for a better socioeconomic development without loosing cultural roots.Mexico is a country with agricultural inclination, with advantageous climate and available territories for this type of exploitaion, and this thesis demonstrates its viability through the recovery of traditional technologies and the introduction of certification methods and marketing systems, contributing for the improvement of society's quality of life (indigenous groups, farmers, producers, merchants, consumers, etc.), showing changes in food demand, health criterion and new environmental demands.An analysis of the legal frame determined by Mexican laws is being made, in terms of environmental regulation, ecologic equilibrium and soil pollution; economic and social importances are being studied as well as standardization and certification processes, labeling and marketing.As a priority, practical cases of nationaly and internationaly recognized organizations that work with ecological agriculture in Mexico are being analysed, such as Unión de Comunidades Indígenas de la Región del Istmo, UCIRI (Indigenous Communities Union of the Isthmus Region), leading producers of ecological coffee in Mexico, Productores Orgánicos del Cabo de Baja California Sur (Cape Organic Producers of South Baja California) and Agricultural Sustainable Alternative Network, headquartered in Guadalajara, all of these as examples to be followed for the implementation of environmentally respectful agriculture in new rural communities in the country, reinforcing their cultural identity and the conservation of natural resources.The main product of this Ph. D. thesis is the generation of a proposal of a quality guarantees system in the productive processes and communication for the impulse of agroecology in Mexico, oriented to take advantage of the potential of agroecology as an impulse force of local development, keeping the rural population active."There is a lot to be built but, just as it has been visualized through the research, the possibilities of development seem optimistic only if efforts and wills are joined to a common welfare."Mario A. Orozco
42
Orozco, Abundis Mario Alberto. "Fomento de la agricultura sostenible mediante el estableciomiento de un sistema de garantías de calidad en los procesos productivos y de comunicación a los consumidores. Aplicación a la agricultura mexicana." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6842.
Full textAbstract:
El surgimiento de una nueva forma de hacer agricultura respetando al medio ambiente y vinculada con la producción de alimentos sanos y orientados al mercado de exportación, ha venido ganando importancia en la agricultura mundial durante las ultimas tres décadas. Esta nueva forma de agricultura es conocida como Agricultura Ecológica.En la presente Tesis Doctoral se hace un análisis de la agricultura ecológica y de los productos que esta genera en Europa y de manera particular en España, desde los antecedentes hasta la situación actual, pasando por los beneficios, la legislación, el consumo, la calidad, la certificación, las estrategias de identificación (etiquetas), entre otras, como punto de partida para la implantación de este sector ecológico al agro mexicano.
Se realiza un diagnostico desde el punto de vista ecológico y muestra la oportunidad que se presenta para un país como México, de incorporar este tipo de agricultura, tanto para la mejora del medio ambiente, como para un mejor desarrollo socioeconómico, sin perder de vista las raíces culturales.
México, es un país con vocación agrícola, con climas favorables y territorios disponibles para este tipo de explotaciones, y esta Tesis demuestra su viabilidad, a través del rescate de tecnologías tradicionales y la incorporación de métodos de certificación y sistemas de comercialización, contribuyendo para la mejora de la calidad de vida de la sociedad actual (indígenas, campesinos, productores, comerciantes, consumidores, etc.), mostrando cambios en la demanda de los alimentos, criterios para la salud y nuevas exigencias ambientales.
Se hace un análisis del marco jurídico que marcan las leyes mexicanas, en cuanto a aspectos de regulación ambiental, equilibrio ecológico y contaminación del suelo, se estudian la importancia social y económica, así como la normativa y los procesos de certificación, etiquetado y comercialización.
Como parte prioritaria se analizan casos prácticos de organizaciones que ya trabajan la agricultura ecológica en México, y que han sido reconocidas a nivel Nacional como Internacional, como el caso de la Unión de Comunidades Indígenas de la Región del Istmo (UCIRI), principales productores de café ecológico en México, de los Productores Orgánicos del Cabo de Baja California Sur y de la Red de Alternativas Sustentables Agropecuarias (RASA), con sede en Guadalajara, Jalisco., ejemplos a seguir para la implementación de la agricultura respetuosa del medio ambiente a nuevas comunidades agrícolas del país, fortaleciendo su identidad cultural y la conservación de los recursos naturales.
El producto principal de esta Tesis Doctoral, es la generación de una propuesta de un sistema de garantías de calidad en los procesos productivos y de comunicación, para el impulso de la agroecología en México, propuesta que se orienta hacia el aprovechamiento del potencial de la agroecología como eje impulsor del desarrollo local, manteniendo a la población activa en el medio rural.
"Queda mucho por construir pero, tal como se ha visualizado a lo largo de la investigación, las posibilidades de desarrollo local apuntan optimistas siempre y cuando se conjunten las voluntades y los esfuerzos hacia un bien comun..."
Mario A. Orozco
The emergence of a new form of making agriculture giving respect to the environment linked to the production of healthy foods oriented to export markets has gained importance in world agriculture in the last three decades. This new form of agriculture is known as Ecological Agriculture.
This Philosophy Doctor thesis analyses ecological agriculture and the products that it generates in Europe, Spain in particular, from its roots until the present situation, reviewing its benefits, legislation, consumption, quality, certification, the identification strategies (labels), among others, as the starting point for the implementation of this ecological sector in Mexican agriculture.
A diagnosis is being made from the ecological point of view showing the opportunity of introducing this type of agriculture to a country like Mexico, for environmental improvement as well as for a better socioeconomic development without loosing cultural roots.
Mexico is a country with agricultural inclination, with advantageous climate and available territories for this type of exploitaion, and this thesis demonstrates its viability through the recovery of traditional technologies and the introduction of certification methods and marketing systems, contributing for the improvement of society's quality of life (indigenous groups, farmers, producers, merchants, consumers, etc.), showing changes in food demand, health criterion and new environmental demands.
An analysis of the legal frame determined by Mexican laws is being made, in terms of environmental regulation, ecologic equilibrium and soil pollution; economic and social importances are being studied as well as standardization and certification processes, labeling and marketing.
As a priority, practical cases of nationaly and internationaly recognized organizations that work with ecological agriculture in Mexico are being analysed, such as Unión de Comunidades Indígenas de la Región del Istmo, UCIRI (Indigenous Communities Union of the Isthmus Region), leading producers of ecological coffee in Mexico, Productores Orgánicos del Cabo de Baja California Sur (Cape Organic Producers of South Baja California) and Agricultural Sustainable Alternative Network, headquartered in Guadalajara, all of these as examples to be followed for the implementation of environmentally respectful agriculture in new rural communities in the country, reinforcing their cultural identity and the conservation of natural resources.
The main product of this Ph. D. thesis is the generation of a proposal of a quality guarantees system in the productive processes and communication for the impulse of agroecology in Mexico, oriented to take advantage of the potential of agroecology as an impulse force of local development, keeping the rural population active.
"There is a lot to be built but, just as it has been visualized through the research, the possibilities of development seem optimistic only if efforts and wills are joined to a common welfare."
Mario A. Orozco
43
Mulengera, Matthew Kagorobha. "Soil loss prediction in the semi-arid tropical savanna zone : a tool for soil conservation planning in Tanzania." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318175.
Full text
44
Schwab, Elizabeth Rose. "Maumee River Watershed Farmers’ Perceptions of Nutrient Loss Risk." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1587662279052842.
Full text
45
Gastón, José Miguel. "Arriba jornaleros ! : los campesinos navarros ante la revolución burguesa (1841-1868) /." Tafalla : Txalaparta, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39204535z.
Full text
46
Bringas, Gutiérrez Miguel Angel. "La producción y la productividad de los factores en la agricultura española, 1752-1935." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Cantabria, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10657.
Full textAbstract:
En esta tesis se estudia la producción agrícola y la productividad de los factores en la agricultura española (tierra, trabajo y simiente) desde 1752 hasta 1935. La tendencia a largo plazo de la producción agrícola se analiza desde una estimación directa (datos sobre cantidades), otra estimación indirecta (a través de los datos sobre precios). La productividad de los factores se estudia desde una doble perspectiva: la productividad simple de los factores y la productividad total de los factores. Para analizar la productividad simple de los principales factores de la agricultura se ha recurrido tanto a examinar la productividad media (vía de las cantidades) como la productividad marginal (vía de los precios, es decir, renta de la tierra y salarios agrícolas).Además de la utilización de nuevas fuentes en esta investigación (Cuadernos generales de la Riqueza, boletines oficíales provinciales, cartillas evaluatorias, etc.) y de la aplicación de la teoría económica para deducir cantidades a partir de la información disponible sobre precios, las principales conclusiones que se han alcanzado en esta tesis se centran en la constatación de un importante crecimiento de la producción agrícola (a una tasa anual acumulada entre 0,8 y el 1,5 por 100 desde 1799/1800 hasta 1900/05) y en el incremento de la productividad de la tierra, de la simiente y de la productividad total de los factores antes de finalizar el siglo XIX.This thesis studies agricultural production and the productivity of factors for Spanish agriculture (land labour, and seed) from 1752 to 1935. The long-run trend of agricultural production is approached from direct estimates (information on quantities) and indirect estimates (information on prices). The productivity of factors is considered from a twofold viewpoint: the single productivity of factors and the total productivity of factors. In order to analyse the single productivity of the main agricultural factors, the thesis examines average productivity (quantities method) as well as marginal productivity (prices method), i.e. land rent and agricultural wages. To this goal, this research has extensively used new sources (Cuadernos de Riqueza, Boletines Oficiales Provinciales, cartillas evaluatorias) and has applied economic theory to deduce quantities from the available historical information on prices. The main conclusions obtained by this thesis deal with the existence of an important growth of agricultural production (annual rates accumulate between 0.8 and 1.5 per cent from 1799/1800 to 1900/1905) and an increase in land productivity, seed productivity and total factor productivity in Spain well before the end of the nineteenth century.
47
Quiroga, Núñez José Felipe. "Palimpsesto del paisaje cultural: estudio de caso de los oficios en el fundo La Estrella del Maule, Cauquenes, Región del Maule." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/152844.
Full textAbstract:
Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniero en Recursos Naturales RenovablesLa expansión de la frontera humana sobre el territorio salvaje, es un viaje por los ciclos del tiempo y las historias del espacio. A escala de paisaje, es divagar entre estadios de distinto orden energético en busca de un equilibrio entrópico que permita reducir los flujos de energía libre entre la cultura, con su cargo (mochilas y mochileros) sobre el territorio, con los nichos y hábitats de sus ecosistemas. Desde la llegada de los colonos europeos a Abyayala (actualmente conocido como América), la apertura del territorio salvaje ha aumentado la energía libre y entropía del paisaje del secano interior de la región del Maule, desencadenando la progresiva erosión de sus nichos ecológicos y un creciente rezago de sus habitantes. Emplazado a los pies del cerro Name, en la desembocadura de la ciénaga homónima y en el nacimiento del estero Belco, el fundo La Estrella del Maule ha sido hábitat para el florecimiento del cargo humano desde tiempos precolombinos, y sus ecosistemas han provisto de nichos a los oficios rurales desde el siglo XVIII.
48
Chapman, Antony Shaun. "Particulate phosphorus loss from agricultural land via sub-surface drainage in the UK : tracing, modelling and risk assessment." Thesis, Coventry University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365249.
Full text
49
Presley, DeAnn R. "Genesis and spatial distribution of upland soils in east central Kansas." Diss., Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/288.
Full textAbstract:
Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Agronomy
Michel D. Ransom
Upland soils in east central Kansas have a complex genesis, often contain one or more paleosols, and form in multiple parent materials including loess, colluvium, residuum, and alluvium. Quaternary loess/paleosol investigations have largely ignored this region of Kansas, as the total loess thickness on uplands is <2 m thick. In this study, the objectives are to examine the morphology and genesis of the soils of interest and how these characteristics vary within soil profiles, across landscapes, and throughout the current series mapping extent. The series of interest include the Irwin, Konza, Dwight, and Ladysmith soil series. Methods used in this study include field descriptions and sampling, terrain analysis, micromorphological investigations, and laboratory characterization, including silt and clay mineralogy. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) was used for numerical dating and determination of stable carbon isotope values (δ13C) for selected paleosols. Radiocarbon ages ranged from 24,000 to 19,000 yr BP and δ13C values were between -19 and -17 ‰ (PDB), indicating that the paleosols were formed in Gilman Canyon loess or the Severance formation, under a mix of C3 and C4 vegetation. Terrain analysis results illustrated that, in given drainage areas, the soil series were mapped on a wide range of slope positions. Field observations and terrain analysis confirmed no relationships between mollic epipedon thickness, solum thickness, paleosol thickness, or depth to the paleosol with respect to landform. Micromorphological investigations revealed increasing soil development with depth, i.e., the presence of two paleosols beneath the modern soil. Mean particle size and mineralogy vary geographically within individual series. Pedogenic carbonate accumulations and redoximorphic concentrations are common features of the soils of interest, and less common features include sodium and gypsum accumulations, slickensides, and redoximorphic depletions. Results from this study will be provided to the USDA-NRCS for use in future soil survey updates, and will contribute to Quaternary loess/paleosol knowledge in Kansas and the Great Plains.
50
Duerr, Adam Edward. "Abundance of lost and discarded fishing tackle and implications for waterbird populations in the United States." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278698.
Full textAbstract:
Waterbirds have died of lead poisoning from ingesting lead sinkers in the United States and Europe. Other tackle and litter has also caused injury and mortality to waterbirds. Despite risks posed to waterbirds, no studies of the abundance of tackle or litter in freshwater systems of the United States have been completed. We tested the effectiveness of a metal detector to search for lost and discarded tackle, and developed a technique to correct densities of sinkers. We then quantified tackle and litter abundance at various sites around the United States. Tackle and litter densities varied among sites, but were generally highest in heavily fished areas. Based on the distribution of tackle in light of known mortalities caused by ingestion of sinkers, restrictive management of lead poisoning from sinkers may not be justified. However, lead is a toxic substance and its continued use when nontoxic alternative are available is not logical.