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1
Nordhagen, Stella. "Cultivating change : crop choices and climate in Papua New Guinea." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709283.
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Ballard, Chris. "The death of a great land ritual, history and subsistence revolution in the southern highlands of Papua New Guinea /." Online version, 1995. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/23726.
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Godbold, Kim Elizabeth. "Didiman: Australian agricultural extension officers in the territory of Papua and New Guinea, 1945-1975." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/37665/1/Kim_Godbold_Thesis.pdf.
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Historically, the development philosophy for the two Territories of Papua and New Guinea (known as TPNG, formerly two territories, Papua and New Guinea) was equated with economic development, with a focus on agricultural development. To achieve the modification or complete change in indigenous farming systems the Australian Government’s Department of External Territories adopted and utilised a programme based on agricultural extension.
Prior to World War II, under Australian administration, the economic development of these two territories, as in many colonies of the time, was based on the institution of the plantation. Little was initiated in agriculture development for indigenous people. This changed after World War II to a rationale based on the promotion and advancement of primary industry, but also came to include indigenous farmers.
To develop agriculture within a colony it was thought that a modification to, or in some cases the complete transformation of, existing farming systems was necessary to improve the material welfare of the population. It was also seen to be a guarantee for the future national interest of the sovereign state after independence was granted. The Didiman and Didimisis became the frontline, field operatives of this theoretical model of development.
This thesis examines the Didiman’s field operations, the structural organisation of agricultural administration and the application of policy in the two territories.
4
Powae, Wayne Ishmael. "Fair trade coffee supply chains in the highlands of Papua New Guinea : do they give higher returns to smallholders? : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Applied Science at Lincoln University /." Diss., Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1413.
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This research focussed on Fair Trade (FT) coffee supply chains in Papua New Guinea. Three research questions were asked. First, do small holders in the FT chains receive higher returns than the smallholders in the conventional chains? Secondly, if smallholders in the FT coffee chains receive higher returns from their coffee than the smallholders in the conventional chains, what are the sources of these higher returns? Finally, if smallholders in the FT chains don't receive higher returns than in the conventional chains, what are the constraints to smallholders receiving higher returns from the FT coffee chains than the conventional chains? A conceptual framework for agribusiness supply chain was developed that was used to guide the field work. A comparative case study methodology was selcted as an appropriate method for eliciting the required information. Four case study chains were selected. A paired FT and conventional coffee chains from Okapa and another paired FT and conventional chains from Kainantu districts, Eastern Highlands Province were selected for the study. The research found that smallholders in the FT chains and vonventional chains receive very similar prices for their coffee (parchment price equivalent). Hence, there was no evidence that smallholders in the FT chains received higher prices or returns from their coffee production than smallholders in conventional chains. This study also found that there was no evidence of FLO certification improving returns to smallholders in the FT chains over those returns received in the conventional chains, but the community that the FT smallholder producers come from did benefit. The sources of these community benefits lies in the shorter FT chains and the distributions of the margin that would have been otherwise made by processors to producers, exporters and the community. In addition, this study found that constraints associated with value creation are similar in all the four chains studies. However, there are some added hurdles for the FT chains in adhering to FT and organic coffee standards. Moreover, FT co-oeratives lacked capacity to trade and their only functions were to help with FLO certification and distribute the FT premium to the community. The findings of this research support some aspects of the literature, but not others. The research contribution is the finding that in this period of high conventional coffee prices, returns to smallholders from FT chains were no bettter than the returns gained in conventional chains, which leads to oppotunism and lack of loyalty by smallholders in the FT chains. The other contribution of this research is in identifying a particular type of free rider who is not a member of the FT co-operative but has right to the community benefits generated by the FT chain.
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Koloa, Mura, and n/a. "National development planning in Papua New Guinea." University of Canberra. Management, 1993. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060815.124347.
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Lomas, G. C. J. (Gabriel Charles Jacques). "The Huli language of Papua New Guinea." Australia : Macquarie University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/22313.
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Thesis (PhD) -- Macquarie University, School of English and Linguistics, 1989.Bibliography: leaves 385-393.
Introduction -- Traditional Huli society -- Segmental phonology -- Prosodies -- Verbs -- Adverbials -- NominaIs -- Word complexes -- Group complexes -- Semantic patterns -- Linguistic and social change -- Texts.
This thesis describes the language of the Huli speech community of the Southern Highlands of Papua New Guinea. The first chapter situates the speech community in its historical setting, and refers to previous, mainly non-linguistic, studies. The second chapter situates the commuity in its geographical and 'traditional' setting, recording putative migrations and dialectal variations. The third chapter describes segmental phonology at a level of detail not previously given in accounts of the language, while the fourth chapter presents a tentative exploration of prosodic features. The fifth chapter describes verbs, the sixth adverbials, and the seventh nominals: in each instance there is an emphasis on morphology and morphophonemic processes hitherto unrecorded for Huli. The eighth chapter describes word complexes, and the ninth group complexes, using a systemic-functional approach that establishes a descriptive framework that indicates useful insights into the pragmatics of the language. Chapter ten selects and explores, in varying degrees, semantic features that are typologically interesting, while chapter eleven re-focusses the thesis on sociolinguistic issues. The twelveth chapter presents a dozen texts, which it interprets and comments on in the light of linguistic and sociological descriptions presented previously. The appendices that follow give the data bases for some of the descriptions given in the thesis body. The body of the thesis is concerned with describing the language as it is being created and used by living, real, people. Hence, the language forms at each level are described and interpreted in relation to their functions in creating meaning. This has necessitated presenting in some detail phonological and morphological data that need to be described if the language is to be seen as the growing, changing expression of the living society that uses and creates it.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
xviii, 452 leaves, ill
7
Barnish, G. "Studies on Strongloides in Papua New Guinea." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383456.
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Lomas, G. C. J. "The Huli language of Papua New Guinea." Phd thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/22313.
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Wittwer, Glyn. "Price stabilisation of coffee in Papua New Guinea /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09EC/09ecw832.pdf.
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Bun, Krufinta. "MONITORING WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI ELIMINATION IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1560346194908835.
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Stewart, Lynn Leslie. "Our people are like gardens" : music, performance and aesthetics among the Lolo, West New Britain Province, Papua, New Guinea." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30917.
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Relationships among the Aesthetic, culture, and music are problematic- Frequently considered as epiphenomenal to culture, music and the arts are typically seen as adjuncts to ceremonial activity- This dissertation examines the nature of the Aesthetic, music and performance in the context of the Lolo, Araigilpua Village, West New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea, in an attempt to develop a definition of the Aesthetic applicable for cross-cultural research and to discover the ways in which the Aesthetic and culture articulate.
For the purposes of this dissertation, the Aesthetic is defined as that facet of religion focused on responses to extraordinary powers thought to maintain what are considered to be proper relationships between human members of a community and extraordinary powers. Three forms of aesthetics, social, performance, and musical, are taken as the means and methods of directing interactions between man and extraordinary powers.
At present, the Lolo are engaged in a process of secularisation resulting primarily from the introduction of Christianity, Western medicine and money. This dissertation examines the relationship between the Aesthetic and social life, and addresses the impact of changes to the Aesthetic.Arts, Faculty of
Anthropology, Department of
Graduate
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Crockett, John Steven. "Unraveling the 3-D character of clinoforms: Gulf of Papua, Papua New Guinea /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11066.
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Watson, Amanda H. A. "The mobile phone : the new communication drum of Papua New Guinea." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/47170/1/Amanda_Watson_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis examines the role of mobile telephony in rural communities in Papua New Guinea (PNG). It is a threshold study which reports on research conducted in the earliest stages of mobile phone adoption in these areas. It explores the ways in which this new technology changes people’s lives, social structures and relationships. The research focuses on non-urban communities, which previously had little or no access to modern communication technologies, but which are in some cases still using traditional forms of communication such as drums. It has found that the introduction of mobile telecommunications has generally been viewed positively, although several negative concerns have been strongly felt. Specific benefits related to enhanced communication with relatives and friends living away from home villages, and use of the technology in time-critical emergencies or crises. Difficulties have arisen with respect to the cost of owning and operating a handset, as well as financial and logistical challenges when recharging handset batteries, particularly in areas with no mains electricity supply. Perceived damaging effects of mobile phone access related to sex, crime and pornography.
The changes taking place are described through a social lens, by foregrounding the perceptions of villagers. The perspectives of key informants, such as telecommunication company managers, are also discussed. Employing the technique of triangulation (using different methods and sources) has helped to validate the findings of the research project. The sources constantly overlap and agree on the main themes, such as those outlined above.
PNG is a developing country which performs poorly on a wide range of development indicators. A large majority of the people live outside of the major towns and cities. It is therefore worthwhile investigating the introduction of mobile phone technology in rural areas. These areas often have poor access to services, including transport, health, education and banking. Until 2007, communities in such regions fell outside of mobile phone coverage areas. In the case of all ten villages discussed in this thesis, there has never been any landline telephone infrastructure available. Therefore, this research on mobile phones is in effect documenting the first ever access to any kind of phone in these communities.
This research makes a unique contribution to knowledge about the role of communication in PNG, and has implications for policy, practice and theory. In the policy arena, the thesis aids understanding of the impact which communication sector competition and regulation can have on rural and relatively isolated communities. There are three practical problems which have emerged from the research: cost, battery recharging difficulties and breakage are all major obstacles to uptake and use of mobile telephony in rural communities. Efforts to reduce usage costs, enable easier recharging, and design more robust handsets would allow for increased utilisation of mobile phones for a range of purposes. With respect to the realm of theory, this research sits amongst the most recent scholarship in the mobile phone field, located within the broader communication theory area. It recommends cautionary reading of any literature which suggests that mobile phones will reduce poverty and increase incomes in poor, rural communities in developing countries. Nonetheless, the present research adds weight to mobile phone studies which suggest that the primary advantages of mobile phones in such settings are for the satisfactions of communication of itself, and for social interaction among loved ones.
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Harper, Jodi Leigh. "Rascals, resistance, and ethnographic reticence in Papua New Guinea." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq30795.pdf.
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Carneiro, Iiona Anne-Marie. "Non-severe malarial disease in Madang, Papua New Guinea." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360153.
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Whittaker, Keith Duncan. "Micro and mini hydro-power in Papua New Guinea." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14664.
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Flannery, Wendy. "Contextual theology in Papua New Guinea a mythic paradigm /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1991. http://www.tren.com.
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Usman, Asnani. "Border tensions in the Indonesia/Papua New Guinea relationship." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/111183.
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The relationship between Indonesia and Papua New Guinea has been significantly
affected by problems associated with the border between them. This has not been a
dispute about the boundary itself. There is a line on the map which the two countries
have agreed to accept Rather, the border problem which has arisen between the two
countries concerns an independence movement called the ‘Organisasi Papua Merdeka’
(Free Papua Movement - OPM) which since 1963 has been active against Indonesia and
has repeatedly crossed the border to seek refuge in neighbouring Papua New Guinea;
incursions in Papua New Guinea by the Indonesian military in pursuit of the OPM; and
thousands of Irian Jayan refugees who have crossed the border to seek sanctuary in
Papua New Guinea. Since Papua New Guinea’s independence in 1975 the border problem has intensified,
especially in 1984 when an uprising in Jayapura resulted in an influx of 12,(XX) refugees
into Papua New Guinea territory. This heightened security concerns in the two
countries. For Jakarta, the refugees could become bases for the OPM to threaten
Indonesia’s security; for Papua New Guinea on the other hand, there were concerns
about possible Indonesian border incursions in an attempt to destroy the OPM.
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de, Sousa Hilário. "The Menggwa Dla language of New Guinea." University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1341.
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Doctor of Philosophy(PhD)Menggwa Dla is a Papuan language spoken in Sandaun Province of Papua New Guinea and Kabupaten Jayapura of Papua Province, Indonesia. Menggwa Dla is a dialect of the Dla language; together with its sister language Anggor (e.g. Litteral 1980), the two languages form the Senagi language family, one of the small Papuan language families found in North-Central New Guinea. The main text of this thesis is divided into seven chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the linguistic, cultural and political landscapes of the Indonesia-Papua New Guinea border area where the Dla territory is located. Chapter 2 introduces the phonology of Menggwa Dla; described in this chapter are the phonemes, allophonic variations, phonotactics, morpho-phonological processes, stress assignment and intonation of the language. The inventory of phonemes in Menggwa is average for a Papuan language (15 consonants and 5 vowels). The vast majority of syllables come in the shape of V, CV or C1C2V where C2 can be /n/ /r/ /l/ /j/ or /w/. In C1C2V syllables, the sonority rises from C1 to V (§2.2.2). Nevertheless, there are a few words with word-medial consonant sequences like ft /ɸt/, lk /lk/, lf /lɸ/ or lk /lk/ where the sonority drops from the first to the second consonant; the first consonant in these sequences is analysed as the coda of the previous syllable (§2.2.3). Chapter 3 is an overview of the word classes in Menggwa Dla; the morphological, syntactic and semantic properties of the three major word classes (nouns, adjectives and verbs) and the minor word classes are compared in this chapter. Chapter 4 describes the properties of nouns and noun phrases; the person-number-gender categories, noun-phrasal syntax, nominal clitics and personal pronouns are outlined in this chapter. Menggwa Dla has a rich array of case, topic and focus markers which comes in the form of clitics (§4.5). Subject pronouns (‘citation pronouns’) only mark person (i.e. one for each of the three persons), whereas object and genitive pronouns mark person (including inclusive/exclusive first person), number, and sometimes also gender features (§4.6). Chapter 5 introduces various morphological and syntactic issues which are common to both independent and dependent clauses: verb stems, verb classes, cross-referencing, intraclausal syntax, syntactic transitivity and semantic valence. Cross-referencing in Menggwa Dla is complex: there are seven paradigms of subject cross-reference suffixes and four paradigms of object cross-references. Based on their cross-referencing patterns, verbs are classified into one of five verb classes (§5.2). There is often a mismatch between the number of cross-reference suffixes, the semantic valence, and the syntactic transitivity within a clause. There are verbs where the subject cross-reference suffix, or the object suffix, or both the subject and object suffixes are semantically empty (‘dummy cross-reference suffixes’; §5.3.2). Chapter 6 outlines the morphology of independent verbs and copulas. Verbal morphology differs greatly between the three statuses of realis, semi-realis and irrealis; a section is devoted to the morphology for each of the three statuses. Chapter 7 introduces the dependent clauses and verbal noun phrases. Different types of dependent verbs are deverbalised to various degrees: subordinate verbs are the least deverbalised, chain verbs are more deverbalised (but they mark switch-reference (SR), and sometimes also interclausal temporal relations), and non-finite chain verbs even more deverbalised. Further deverbalised than the non-finite chain verbs are the verbal nouns; verbal noun phrases in Menggwa Dla functions somewhat like complement clauses in English. In younger speakers speech, the function of the chain clause SR system has diverted from the canonical SR system used by older speakers (§7.2.2). For younger speakers, coreferential chain verb forms and disjoint-reference chain verb forms only have their coreferential and disjoint-referential meaning — respectively — when the person-number-gender features of the two subject cross-reference suffixes cannot resolve the referentiality of the two subjects. Otherwise, the coreferential chain verb forms have become the unmarked SR-neutral chain verb forms. At the end of this thesis are appendix 1, which contains four Menggwa Dla example texts, and appendix 2, which contains tables of cross-reference suffixes, pronouns, copulas and irregular verbs.
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Veldhuis, Djuke. "Human adaptability : behavioural and endocrinological adaptation in New Ireland, Papua New Guinea." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608534.
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Volken, Maria Carmen. "Biological and phytochemical investigations of Euphorbiaceae from Papua New Guinea /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1999. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=13294.
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Flavelle, Alix J. "A traditional agroforestry landscape of Ferguson Island, Papua New Guinea." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29837.
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A study of a traditional land use system was conducted at Nade, Fergusson Island, in Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. An ethnobotanical inventory of useful and culturally significant plants, and a series of transects and vegetation profiles were used to identify, and map the distribution of, 15 different plant communities in the Nade landscape. Interviews were conducted with local gardeners about land use decision-making, land tenure, and ecological knowledge.
The land use strategy practiced at Nade can be characterized as a polyphase agroforestry system. A spectrum of management techniques are used in the different phases, including the selecting, ignoring, transplanting and/or planting of wild, semi-domesticated, and domesticated tree species. A variety of subsistence products are available throughout the year, from the range of vegetation types.
The distribution of successional phases in the landscape was found to depend on topography and soil conditions which vary within the subsistence territory of Nade. Overlying the environmentally determined pattern of the shifting mosaic are the social factors; land use decision-making based on the traditional system of susu land and plant tenure, labour-saving strategies, and agricultural tradition.
The study provides baseline data for monitoring changes in the culturally modified landscapes of Fergusson Island. This in turn can be used to facilitate a land-use planning process with local people.Forestry, Faculty of
Graduate
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Corris, Miriam. "A grammar of Barupu : a language of Papua New Guinea." University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/3655.
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Doctor of PhilosophyThis thesis is a descriptive grammar of Barupu, the easternmost member of the Skou family of languages. Barupu is spoken by around 3000 people on the north eoast of New Guinea; its grammar has not previously been described. Barupu is a tone language in which words belong to one of five tone classes and it exemplifies a type of pitch-accent system where for the most part tone is attracted to penultimate stressed syllables and spreads one syllable to the right. Some words, however, have tones lexically specified to one of the final two syllables ofthe word. A key feature of Barupu grammar is that there is no oblique marking on NPs - no particles, adpositions or case markers provide information about a nominal's role in the clause. Instead, Barupu is head-marking. Underived verbs show multiple exponence of subject, which can take the form of double prefixing or prefixing and infixing. There is a set ofsuffixing morphemes that function like applicatives in adding participants to the clause, but which are very atypical in appearing outside verbal inflection and showing extra agreement for subject. Barupu also has a prefixing Benefactive paradigm that replaces regular subject agreement and can be extended to mark external possession. Finally, Barupu is a polysynthetic language and, as such, makes almost no use of f9rmal subordination. Appendices to this thesis include a set of interlinearised texts and a draft of a Barupu-English dictionary with an English-Barupu finderlist.
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Yoko, James, and n/a. "Western education and social change in Papua New Guinea society." University of Canberra. Education, 1991. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061112.110812.
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Papua New Guinea, a society with diverse natural environments
(muddy swamps to soaring mountains, snake-shaped winding
rivers, open seas) and cultural environments (different languages,
customs, traditions) is undergoing massive and rapid social changes.
The occurrence of these social changes and social problems are due
to a combination of diverse exogenous and endogenous changes in
different areas such as politics, economic, cultural, bureaucratic
structure, technology and changes in other societies. These changes
are explicitly stipulated and reflected during the process of the
discussion and analysis.
The purpose of this paper is an attempt to analyze social change and
the emerging social problems in light of the colonisation process
right up to the post independence era. The social functions and
dysfunctions of the innovated Western type education system
during the contemporary modernisation and development process
are also examined. The theoretical frameworks used to analyze
social change are (1) the structural functionalism theory, (2)
modernisation theory, and (3) the theories of change and
development.
The rapid social changes, modernisation and other developments
occurring in Papua New Guinea are a new experience. Prior to this,
people have lived in Papua New Guinea for 50,000 years,
developing material and nonmaterial cultures such as the use of
simple technology including stone axes, digging sticks, dug out
canoes etc., houses made of sago or kunai grass, reciprocity or
gift-exchanges, interdependence, sharing, consensus, behaviour
controlled by established social norms, and the overall social,
political, economic and cultural structures and functions fused into a
single dynamic institution, predominantly through the family units
and kinship relationships. The destabilisation of this traditional
social structural system occurred as a consequence of the
introduction of profound changes and transformations when Great
Britain annexed Papua and Germany proclaimed New Guinea in
1884. Further developments that occurred during the colonisation
process are discussed in the paper.
Education, a powerful agent of social change, has and is playing a
crucial role during the modernisation and development process in
meeting such requirements as manpower needs of the country or
enabling political and economic development. Not only that but it is
maintaining the new social strata that are emerging in the society.
The top cream of the new social strata, called here the social,
political, and economic elite are enjoying the perks and privileges
associated with the positions they hold. They have been
emancipated from the hard rural life as far as Western schooling is
concerned.
Simultaneously, being a heterogeneous society, the dysfunctions of
education are also playing a role in which students are screened
using examinations as the criteria and a majority of them are
leaving school annually along the different levels of the education
system. This is contributing to the over-production of educated
people for the limited supply of jobs in both the government and
private sectors,'consequently leading to unemployment and an
upsurge in social problems. It is argued here that it would be
completely a false assumption if people believe that education is
wholly responsible for the social stratification, social inequality,
instability and unemployment related problems such as the break
down of law and order, disrespect for authority and established
social norms, or rascalism.
According to Etzioni and Etzioni, all efforts to explain societal
change, whether positive or negative, as originating in one single
factor have so utterly failed, thus, contemporary sociologists have
almost unanimously have adopted a multifactor approach (1964:7).
Etzioni and Etzioni also claim that social change may originate in any
institutional area, bringing about changes in other areas, which in
turn make for further adaptations in the initial sphere of change.
Technological, economic, political, religious, ideological, invention,
demographic and stratificational factors are all viewed as
potentially independent variables which influence each other, as
well as the course of society.
The current social situation in Papua New Guinea appears daunting
and pessimistic and for the masses of the people, the prospect is one
of rising inequalities, more intensive exploitation, chronic
unemployment and insecurity, misgovernment, social disruptions
and blighted opportunity during the modernisation and
development process. The paper suggests some ways in which the
national education system and the national government could
address some of these socio-economic problems to bring about
positive social changes in society. There is a need for strong genuine
political will, firm policy direction, diversification and
industrialisation of the economy, prudent planning, educational
reforms, constitutional reforms, increased training of skilled
manpower, coordinated integration, wise spending of available
resources and critical examination and analysis of wider social,
political, economic, and cultural issues and implications by those in
power. Perhaps these actions may help in some ways to bring about
equilibrium in the different components that make up the whole
social system, consequently creating a more just and stable society.
Social, political, and economic stability is vitally essential for
economic investment, modernisation and industrial growth.
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Crook, T. "Growing knowledge : exploring knowledge practices in Bolivip, Papua New Guinea." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.598173.
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Precisely because of their own elaborate knowledge practices, the Min of Papua New Guinea have proven uniquely problematic to the knowledge practice called social anthropology. Ethnographers have concluded that Min cultural processes are beyond both indigenous and anthropological explanation. This dissertation analyses knowing and growing by looking at explanatory practices of the Angkaiyakmin male cult in Bolivip village. I came to understand them as descriptions on a scale unfamiliar to conventional anthropological expectations. My research offers an alternative perspective on the Min, and an understanding of quite why the Min have proven so problematic to anthropological interpretation. In requiring an interlocutor to do the work of adding a half to complete their compositions of knowledge, the methodological basis of an interpretive anthropology is undermined. This assumption that any discursive encounter elicits another side in completion, is made evident in the responses of Angkaiyakmin to education, Catholicism and the development of the nearby Ok Tedi copper project. In Part One of the dissertation I discuss the practical and methodological problems also presented here, and inspect the implications of Fredrik Barth's paradigmatic analysis. I move on in Part Two to present my interests in knowing through the relational divisions of kinship and gender in both domestic and cult sociality. I consider the paths and means to knowing, the relational and discursive processes impinging upon knowing and revelation. Having formulated a methodology in response to these dislocated explanatory practices, I apply this in Part Three to inspect the Angkaiyakmin claim that their initiation rituals are like garden magic, and that their yolam ancestor spirit house replicates (kikseip) a planted taro garden. I attempt throughout to reflexively account not only for what the data might mean, but for why it appears to western anthropologists as it does.
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Small, Robert David Stuart. "Sustainable insects, sustainable organisations? : butterfly trading in Papua New Guinea." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608632.
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Fairio, Mary. "Women and Politics in Presence: Case of Papua New Guinea." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1399559917.
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Salonda, Ludmilla Luddy. "Exploration of university culture: a Papua New Guinea case study." Thesis, full-text, 2008. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/2027/.
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The primary purpose of this case study on Divine Word University (DWU) is to explore the drivers that influence the organization to assume a particular model of organizing work and managing people in the pursuit of its goals. The key research questions therefore, focus on DWU culture, that is, the deeply embedded taken-for-granted basic assumptions whose influences are made visible in the organization’s behaviour and discourse. In particular, this thesis explores the behaviour and discourse associated with two aspects of the organization, the structure of decision-making and HR practices and processes. In exploring DWU culture, the study serves to explore the broader theme of university cultural emergence, embedding, cultural change, and organizational redefinition.
Three ethnographic tools are used in the exploration: the semi-structured interview, documentary sources and observations. Having multiple data sources serves to triangulate the emerging cultural themes across the data sources. The data was collected over a period of six months. Documents were collected and observations made over the first five months. These serve to surface issues, concepts and themes around which interviews are conducted in the final month of data gathering.
The findings show that the primary assumption defining DWU’s practices and which influences patterns of behaviour is the ideal of service linked to the missionary commitment to social advancement. This ideal has a profound impact on the culture of DWU. It provides the impetus for people to intervene to provide a service in a context where resource security is tenuous. Service in the context of this thesis is the ideal that serves as the impetus that motivates people, religious and altruistic oriented non-religious people, to render service for none or minimal material reward. This concept is contrasted with the concept of service associated with the university and taken as one of the tripartite knowledge functions. The findings also show that the outcome of the influence of service on DWU is that the behavioural expectations it promotes locate the university away from the behavioural expectations, as they are manifested in its decision-making structure and HR processes, of the collegial values-based organization. However, the findings also show that the distancing from the collegial cultural values and beliefs is nevertheless not a de-legitimization of the organization from the university field. In the contemporary context of organizational change that is allowing for the broadening of the university concept, emerging models of the university, such as DWU, occupy the contemporary end of the continuum of university models.
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Salonda, Ludmilla Luddy. "Exploration of university culture a Papua New Guinea case study /." full-text, 2008. http://eprints.vu.edu.au/2027/1/salonda.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The primary purpose of this case study on Divine Word University (DWU) is to explore the drivers that influence the organization to assume a particular model of organizing work and managing people in the pursuit of its goals. The key research questions therefore, focus on DWU culture, that is, the deeply embedded taken-for-granted basic assumptions whose influences are made visible in the organization’s behaviour and discourse. In particular, this thesis explores the behaviour and discourse associated with two aspects of the organization, the structure of decision-making and HR practices and processes. In exploring DWU culture, the study serves to explore the broader theme of university cultural emergence, embedding, cultural change, and organizational redefinition. Three ethnographic tools are used in the exploration: the semi-structured interview, documentary sources and observations. Having multiple data sources serves to triangulate the emerging cultural themes across the data sources. The data was collected over a period of six months. Documents were collected and observations made over the first five months. These serve to surface issues, concepts and themes around which interviews are conducted in the final month of data gathering. The findings show that the primary assumption defining DWU’s practices and which influences patterns of behaviour is the ideal of service linked to the missionary commitment to social advancement. This ideal has a profound impact on the culture of DWU. It provides the impetus for people to intervene to provide a service in a context where resource security is tenuous. Service in the context of this thesis is the ideal that serves as the impetus that motivates people, religious and altruistic oriented non-religious people, to render service for none or minimal material reward. This concept is contrasted with the concept of service associated with the university and taken as one of the tripartite knowledge functions. The findings also show that the outcome of the influence of service on DWU is that the behavioural expectations it promotes locate the university away from the behavioural expectations, as they are manifested in its decision-making structure and HR processes, of the collegial values-based organization. However, the findings also show that the distancing from the collegial cultural values and beliefs is nevertheless not a de-legitimization of the organization from the university field. In the contemporary context of organizational change that is allowing for the broadening of the university concept, emerging models of the university, such as DWU, occupy the contemporary end of the continuum of university models.
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Najike, Samuel Vegola. "Learning Science In A Secondary School In Papua New Guinea." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2004. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15922/1/Samuel_Najike_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated teaching and learning, and the classroom learning environment in which the electricity topic was taught by the regular class teacher within the prescribed Grade 9 syllabus in a Secondary School in Papua New Guinea. The study was motivated by the perceived problems students had with understanding science concepts and the lack of classroom-based studies that provide a better understanding of teaching and learning science and the influence of the classroom learning environment on students' learning. An interpretive with embedded case study was conducted in a Grade 9 class over a period of 12 weeks in which data was gathered using mixed and multiple methods. Findings of the study revealed the presence and influence of aspects of the indigenous traditional teaching and learning approach impacting on the formal modern Western oriented teaching and learning approach in this particular classroom. The study recommended that in order to maximise students' learning and understanding of science concepts in the classroom observed, cultural sensitivity should be incorporated in the pedagogy.
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Najike, Samuel Vegola. "Learning Science In A Secondary School In Papua New Guinea." Queensland University of Technology, 2004. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15922/.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated teaching and learning, and the classroom learning environment in which the electricity topic was taught by the regular class teacher within the prescribed Grade 9 syllabus in a Secondary School in Papua New Guinea. The study was motivated by the perceived problems students had with understanding science concepts and the lack of classroom-based studies that provide a better understanding of teaching and learning science and the influence of the classroom learning environment on students' learning. An interpretive with embedded case study was conducted in a Grade 9 class over a period of 12 weeks in which data was gathered using mixed and multiple methods. Findings of the study revealed the presence and influence of aspects of the indigenous traditional teaching and learning approach impacting on the formal modern Western oriented teaching and learning approach in this particular classroom. The study recommended that in order to maximise students' learning and understanding of science concepts in the classroom observed, cultural sensitivity should be incorporated in the pedagogy.
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Dandava, McClintock Jesse 1957. "Computer assisted mathematics learning in distance education in Papua New Guinea." Monash University, Faculty of Education, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8464.
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Flower, Scott Jason. "The growth of Islam in Papua New Guinea : implications for security and policy." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/109597.
Full textAbstract:
Since 2001 the Muslim population of Papua New Guinea (PNG) has increased by over 500 percent as a result of religious conversions by indigenous Papua New Guineans. The spike in Islamic conversions in this largely Christian nation has coincided with a period of increased Islamic missionary activity, and a rise in media coverage on Muslims following the attacks by Islamic extremists on September 11, 2001. This thesis analyses the growth of Islam in PNG and seeks to determine whether the growing Muslim population is likely to have an impact on the security environment. This research also contributes to a very small body of literature which seeks to understand potential security risks posed by Muslim converts (as opposed to born Muslims). Since 1950 Islamic minorities have been engaged in more internal conflicts than any other type of religious or non-religious minority. The conversion of non-Muslims to Islam is a key strategy employed by Islamic extremists to recruit new members who can be engaged in radicalism across the globe. In the last decade the number of converts involved with radical and militant Islamic networks has noticeably increased. In addition, PNG borders Indonesia, a country that houses the world's largest population of Muslims and is home to a number of activist, radical and extremist Islamic groups. Based on five months of fieldwork during which I lived among Muslim communities in urban and rural regions of PNG, I examined the empirical foundations of Islam's growth to write what is the first comprehensive history of the establishment and institutionalisation of Islam in PNG. Taking an interdisciplinary approach and using interview data and fieldwork observations, I applied knowledge from the religious conversion and security studies literatures to analyse the causes and processes of Islamic conversion in PNG. This approach enabled new insights into which factors of conversion may subsequently influence the radicalisation of converts and affect security in PNG the Pacific region, and globally.
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Wallius, Julia. "New concept for monitoring SO2 emissions from Tavurvur volcano in Papua New Guinea." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Geofysik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-337344.
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Wagner, John Richard 1949. "Commons in transition : an analysis of social and ecological change in a coastal rainforest environment in rural Papua New Guinea." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38435.
Full textAbstract:
This study describes the resource management practices of a rural community located in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. Lababia, a community of 500 people, is located in a coastal rainforest environment and is dependant for its livelihood on swidden agriculture and fishing. Lababia is also the site of an integrated conservation and development project facilitated by a non-governmental organisation based in a nearby urban centre.The key resources on which Lababia depends are managed as the common property of either the village-as-a-whole or the various kin groups resident in the village, and for that reason common property theory has been used to inform the design of the research project and the analysis and interpretation of research results. However, the social foundations of resource management systems and the influence of external factors, commodity markets in particular, are not adequately represented in some of the more widely used analytical frameworks developed by common property theorists. These factors are of fundamental importance to the Lababia commons because of the many social, political and economic changes that have occurred there over the last century. For that reason the Lababia commons is referred to as a commons-in-transition .
Ethnographic and historical analysis, informed by common property theory, is used to develop a description of the property rights system existing at Lababia and resource management practices in the key sectors of fishing and agriculture. The management of forest resources is described on the basis of a comparison with Kui, a nearby village that, unlike Lababia, has allowed industrial logging activities on their lands. The impact of the conservation and development project on village life is also assessed and the study concludes by developing an analytical framework suitable to the Lababia commons and one that facilitates the development of policy appropriate to the planning of sustainable development projects generally and conservation and development projects in particular.
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Lewis, D. C. "Planter Papua 1884-1942." Phd thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/123103.
Full textAbstract:
This is an account of European settlement and settler plantation agriculture in the region of Papua New Guinea formerly known as British New Guinea (1884-1905) and subsequently as the Territory of Papua when the country was administered as a separate Territory of the Commonwealth of Australia until 1942 under the Papua Act of 1905.
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MacWilliam, Scott. "Development and agriculture in late colonial Papua New Guinea." Phd thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151517.
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Sengere, Reuben Wanobo. "Communicating information to coffee farmers in Papua New Guinea." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/148367.
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Timms, Wendy. "The post World War Two colonial project and Australian planters in Papua New Guinea : the search for relevance in the colonial twighlight i.e. [twilight]." Phd thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/145719.
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Eves, Richard. "Seating the place : magic and embodiment on the Lelet Plateau, New Ireland (Papua New Guinea)." Phd thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/116901.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores and describes the lived world of the people inhabiting the
Lelet Plateau in central New Ireland, Papua New Guinea. Its particular focus is
embodiment and the forms of corporeal imagery in magical belief, interpreted from a
perspective that draws on Bakhtin's dialogism and Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology.
Bakhtin argues that dialogic relations extend far beyond dialogic speech in the
narrow sense and are imbued in the entire realm of living thought. For him there is
no unitary or self-constituting subject who exists in and by him or herself. I argue
similarly for a relational or dialogical theory of personhood which sees the person as
constituted in the social world, in relations with others. Among the Lelet sociality is
crucial in defining humanness. I follow Merleau-Ponty in seeing the subject as
embodied, and suggest that the consciousness of the Lelet person is not radically
separated from bodily being, as it is in modem western thought, but is integrally
bound up with it. The Lelet person is very much a body-subject whose consciousness
of self as acting subject is integrally connected to the corporeal component of his or
her being. I draw on the insights of Merleau-Ponty to elaborate a theory of the body
which points to the significance of movement and action as the basis of
intentionality. I argue that the movement of the body in action is central to the Lelet
imagination because it is integral to the constitution of the person. The immobile
state of the sitting body is opposed to the more mobile state of movement in
numerous contexts. Throughout, I explore the polyvalent meanings of such bodily
images and the ways in which they are reconfigured in different contexts. The body,
thus, is the medium through which the Lelet construct personhood and identity.
Because of this, power relations are often concerned with the body. The renown of a
person is dependent on the processes of value creation in which bodily power or
bodily movement are transformed into products which are then circulated and
exchanged with others. Because the body is central to the constitution of the person
and the creation of value it is the target for those who seek to attack or control others.
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Lowe, Michael Hamish. "Smallholder agrarian change : the experience in two Tolai communities." Phd thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150712.
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Ballard, Christopher. "The death of a great land: ritual history and subsistence revolution in the Southern Highlands of Papua New Guinea." Phd thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/7510.
Full textAbstract:
The relationship between environmental conditions and the decisions and actions of historical agents is the central issue of this thesis. In a brief review of the role that social and environmental factors have played in archaeological explanation, I describe the scope for a form of archaeological ethnography in which particular attention is paid to the contrast between the different worlds of meaning in and through which historical agents address their environments.
In the context of a debate over the impact of sweet potato upon society and environment in the New Guinea Highlands, the history of wetland use emerges as a focus for competing positions on the nature of explanation for relationships between societies and their environments. My study addresses this debate through consideration of the recent history of Huli-speaking communities of the Tari region, in the Southern Highlands of Papua New Guinea.
Part B sets out an ethnographic model of the relationship between Huli people and their environment. External and Huli perceptions of landscape, society and agricultural production are presented in order to permit explanations for change that encompass both the intention of the Huli agents of the recent historical past, and the broader social environmental processes of which those historical individuals cannot have been aware. The roles of cosmology and ritual in the relationship between Huli and their environment are singled out for the contrast they evince between an external, Western concept of historical progress and a Huli notion of continuous, entropic decline in the world and in society.
The history of a particular landscape, The Haeapugua basin, is addressed in Part C. Detailed oral historical accounts of land tenure and wetlands use set a context for the archaeological investigation of the Haeapugua wetlands and wetlands margins. On the basis of archaeological and palaeoenvironmental evidence, it is possible to demonstrate the significance of environmental change in placing broad limits on the possibility of wetland reclamation; this leaves unanswered, however, the more complex issue of human agency and decision-making in the processes and actual timing of wetland reclamation and abandonment.
Through reference to the role of ritual in the relationship between Huli and their environment, as set out in Part B, Part D attempts an explanation for wetland reclamation at Haeapugua. The oral history of migration from the central Huli basins is shown to reflect an increase in population consequent upon the local adoption of sweet potato. While acknowledging the importance of population pressure on dryland resources, I suggest that the more significant imperative for the Huli who undertook the reclamation of the Haeapugua wetlands was the increased demand for fodder with which to augment the production of pigs. Pressure on dryland resources, decline in soil quality and increases social conflict were all interpreted by Huli as tokens of entropic decline, of the death of the land. Within the framework of Huli cosmology, the appropriate response to these changes was the innovation and elaboration of ritual and it was greater requirements of pigs for sacrifice and for exchange in ritual contexts that provided the immediate impetus for wetland reclamation.
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Mulung, Kulala. "Livelihood and land-use choices of Papua New Guinean landowners, and implications for decisions relevant to commercial tree growing." Phd thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/156038.
Full textAbstract:
This study explores the basis on which Papua New Guinean landowners make land- and resource-use choices, and considers the implications of these for the adoption of commercial tree growing. Theoretical insights from the Hierarchical Needs Theory, Sustainable Livelihoods Framework, and Farmer Adoption-Decision Framework enabled development of a conceptual model, the 'PNG Landowner Decision Environment'. This model was used to assess landowners' attitudes and behaviour relevant to the use of household assets, engagement in subsistence and cash-income generating activities, patterns of exchanges and consumption, and allocation of labour, land and financial resources, to understand their choices in land- and resource-use decisions. The primary research question was: On what basis do Papua New Guinea landowners make land-and-resource-use choices? This was investigated through two subsidiary questions: - What are landowner households' livelihood strategies? - How do these strategies influence landowner households' land- and resource- use choices? Field research was carried out over an 18-month period from late 2007 to early 2009, at four case study sites; in the Upper Ramu region of Madang Province; in the Upper Markham Valley region of Morobe Province; in the Middle Fly region of Western Province; and in the Gogol, Naru and North Coast region of Madang Province. Participant observation and individual and group interviews were the main research methods employed. In total, 268 participants, comprising 175 men and 93 women, representing 175 households were interviewed, A strong interrelationship was evident between the motivational factors of landowners and their land- and resources-use choices. Key factors were their needs and aspirations, the livelihood strategies and outcomes, their knowledge and skill base, the institutional systems and processes within which the landowners operated, and their capital assets. PNG landowners' attitudes and behaviour in relation to adoption choices are largely consistent with those of smallholder farmers elsewhere, with the level of participation and involvement in particular activities influenced by personal preferences and values, and by the imperative of satisfying their basic needs. Landowners' decisions focused on three time horizons: the immediate future, principally in terms of food production; annual or similar cycles, principally in relation to recurring cash requirements; and the much longer-term, which was associated with intermittent cash requirements and had significant legacy dimensions. Decisions about commercial tree growing options need to be linked to these considerations, and to the different planning horizons that PNG landowners pursue for various livelihood outcomes.
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Kora, Peter-Gallah. "Land tenure and productivity in Papua New Guinea : a case study of oil palm at Hoskins, West New Britain Province." Phd thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/149763.
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Daimoi, Joshua Kurung. "Nominalism in Papua New Guinea." 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/15340896.html.
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Green, Michael K. "Prehistoric cranial variation in Papua New Guinea." Phd thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/116758.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is an investigation of recent prehistoric cranial
variation in Papua New Guinea. It presents for the first time metric,
non-metric and anatomical data recorded on crania from the Central
Highlands and Highlands Fringe regions, as well as data for a number
of regions from the North and South Coasts. The majority of the data
have been recorded in the field from skeletal remains located in
ossuaries. Supplementary data from a number of museum collections -isalso
presented.
Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses of the metric
data indicate that the populations of the Central Highlands and
Highlands Fringe have been biologically isolated from coastal and
lowland regions for a substantial period of time. The demonstration
of craniometric homogeneity throughout the Central Highlands further
indicates an original genetic unity for these populations. Factors of
craniometric size and shape are both identified as contributing to the
morphological pattern throughout Papua New Guinea, and it is shown
that extraction of significant environmental effects clarifies the
assessment of phylogenetic relationships. The potential for a
cultural component in the morphological pattern of the Papuan Gulf is
also raised.
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Murom, Banabas. "Study of nitrogen loss pathways in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) growing agro-ecosystems on volcanic ash soils in Papua New Guinea : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Soil Science at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1449.
Full textAbstract:
Oil palm is the largest national crop produced in Papua New Guinea. It is grown on over 80,000 ha of young volcanic soils in five Provinces, employs over 12,000 workers and uses >12,000 tonnes of fertiliser to offset nitrogen deficiency which is the most limiting factor to production. Oil palms strip out 160 - 200 kg N ha-1 yr-1 from the soil. Nitrogen fertilisers account for 60-70 % of all variable production costs but 40-60 % of applied fertiliser cannot be accounted for. Few studies have investigated the amounts of nitrogen lost via leaching, denitrification, volatilisation or as surface runoff in tropical soils and none have been done in Papua New Guinea. Oil palm soils typically have extremely high infiltrabilities (80-8,500 mm hr-1) and receive high annual rainfall which throughfall makes spatially non-uniform. The objective of this study was to assess and quantify nitrogen losses and suggest strategies that might assist in reducing them and their impact on the environment. The modest facilities available at the two research sites, West New Britain (Dami) and Oro (Sangara) Provinces, meant that no analytical work could be done on-site, so simple but appropriate methods were used to evaluate losses, with samples collected, preserved and sent off-shore for analysis. Large four-palm plots were used to evaluate runoff; a gas trap was used to collect evolved nitrous oxide, and lysimeters, suction cups and finally an in situ destructive soil sampling procedure were all used to assess leaching losses and the rate of nitrification of ammonium fertiliser. Results suggest that under the extreme total annual rainfall at Dami (3,500-4,000 mm) and to a lesser extent at Sangara (2,500-3,000 mm), leaching is the dominant loss pathway, with the rate of loss depending, to some extent, on the rate of nitrate formation and the retentivity of the soil for ammonium, but mainly on the rate at which drainage water is generated. A leaching model was developed that indicated that the average residence time of nitrogen fertiliser in the root zone (0-50 cm) varied from 21 days in February, at Dami, to 190 days in May, at Sangara.
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Priestley, Carol. "A grammar of Koromu (Kesawai) : a trans New Guinea language of Papua New Guinea." Phd thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150382.
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Stoneking, Mark Allen. "Human mitochondrial DNA evolution in Papua New Guinea." 1986. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/18809629.html.
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Onishi, Masayuki. "A grammar of Motuna (Bougainville, Papua New Guinea)." Phd thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/12476.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is a descriptive grammar of Motuna, a Non-Austronesian language spoken by several thousand people in the south-western part of Bougainville (called Siwai), Papua New Guinea. It belongs to the Buin Family of the Eastern Bougainville stock, in the Bougainville Phylum. This grammar is based on the analysis of narrative texts provided by four speakers of the standard Motuna. Motuna is a both head and dependent marking agglutinative language with complex
morphology. Like most Non-Austronesian languages in Papua NewGuinea, it is verb
final, and has medial and non-medial verbal categories. In addition, verbs have basic
voice distinction between active and middle voices, and have extensive tense/aspect/
mood categories. Nouns have six genders and are also classified by fifty-one classifiers.
Chapter 1 discusses the typological characteristics, as well as the genetic relations and dialectal variations of Motuna. It also briefly summarises previous work done on this language, and provides the scope and data base of this thesis. Chapter 2 deals with phonetics, phonology and orthography. It includes an introduction
to morphophonemics which will be discussed fully in later chapters, particularly in
Chapter 4 (nouns), Chapter 8 (classifiers, numerals and the 'all' quantifier), and
Chapter 13 (verbal morphology). Chapter 3 outlines the word-classes and the clausal syntax of this language. Chapters 4 - 9 deal with the mopho-syntax of all the word classes except for verbs, participles and verbal nouns. Chapter 10 discusses the internal structure of the NP, and Chapter 11 possessive, kinship and other constructions.
Chapter 12 outlines the morpho-syntax of verbs. I give a gist of verbal morphology in this chapter, so that readers may skip Chapter 13 which is a lengthy discussion of
complicated verbal morphology. Chapter 14 discusses valency of verbs including valency-changing derivations (stimulative, causative, applicative and reciprocal). Chapter 15 deals with tense/aspect/mood. Chapter 16 deals with two word classes
derived from verbs .,.-- verbal nouns and participles. Chapter 17 discusses the interclausal relations in Motuna, mainly chaining of medial verbs and relative clauses. Finally, three narative texts of this language are provided in Appendix.