Journal articles: 'Agriculture, papua new guinea'

1

Thompson, Herb. "Subsistence agriculture in Papua New Guinea." Journal of Rural Studies 2, no. 3 (January 1986): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0743-0167(86)90007-0.

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Gosden, Chris. "Arboriculture and agriculture in coastal Papua New Guinea." Antiquity 69, no. 265 (1995): 807–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00082351.

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A central issue in the regional prehistory over the Transition — and therefore of this whole set of papers — is the different life-ways that came to be followed in Papua New Guinea and in Australia itself; the one became agricultural, the other hunter-gatherer. There is more to the story than that divide; this is a story of a human and created world, rather than a simple response to directing environment.

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Mueller, I., P. Vounatsou, T. Smith, and B. J. Allen. "Subsistence agriculture and child growth in Papua New Guinea." Ecology of Food and Nutrition 40, no. 4 (July 2001): 367–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03670244.2001.9991659.

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4

Harris, David. "Early agriculture in New Guinea and the Torres Strait divide." Antiquity 69, no. 265 (1995): 848–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00082387.

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The high and low islands of Torres Strait, scattered between the tip of Queensland and the coast of Papua New Guinea, make a unique frontier in later world prehistory: between a continent of hunter-gatherers and the majority world of cultivators. Consideration of just what archaeology there is in the Torres Strait Islands, and of its date, improve on the conventional question: was the Strait a bridge or a barrier?

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Miyata, Ryo, Mikina Matsui, and Shigenori Kumazawa. "Component Analysis of Propolis from Papua New Guinea." HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 29, no. 4 (April 19, 2022): 526–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4308/hjb.29.4.526-530.

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Propolis is an aggregate of functional components found in plant resins and has been reported to exhibit valuable biological activities. This study investigated the components and antioxidant activity of propolis from Papua New Guinea. In component analysis, seven known compounds, 6-deoxyhaplopinol (1), 5-formylguaiacol (2), trans-caffeic acid (3), cis-caffeic acid (4), trans-ferulic acid (5), trans-p-coumaric acid (6), and L-kaempferitrin (7), were isolated and identified from Papua New Guinean propolis. The structure of 1 was confirmed by comparing the 13C NMR chemical shifts of the isolated and synthesized compounds. Based on component analysis, Papua New Guinean propolis may be a new type of propolis. The EtOH extracts of Papua New Guinean propolis exhibited antioxidant activity comparable to that of Baccharis and Populus propolis. This study demonstrated the potential of Papua New Guinean propolis in human health maintenance.

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Rood, Sarah, and Katherine Sheedy. "Nancy Millis." Microbiology Australia 30, no. 3 (2009): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma09s49.

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Born in Melbourne in 1922, Nancy Fannie Millis studied agriculture at the University of Melbourne, graduating with a Master of Agricultural Science in 1946. She spent a year studying agricultural methods in Papua New Guinea before travelling to the University of Bristol on a Boots Research Scholarship. It was here that Millis was introduced to fermentation, gaining her PhD in 1951.

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Haberle, Simon G. "Prehistoric human impact on rainforest biodiversity in highland New Guinea." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 362, no. 1478 (January 5, 2007): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2006.1981.

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In the highlands of New Guinea, the development of agriculture as an indigenous innovation during the Early Holocene is considered to have resulted in rapid loss of forest cover, a decrease in forest biodiversity and increased land degradation over thousands of years. But how important is human activity in shaping the diversity of vegetation communities over millennial time-scales? An evaluation of the change in biodiversity of forest habitats through the Late Glacial transition to the present in five palaeoecological sites from highland valleys, where intensive agriculture is practised today, is presented. A detailed analysis of the longest and most continuous record from Papua New Guinea is also presented using available biodiversity indices (palynological richness and biodiversity indicator taxa) as a means of identifying changes in diversity. The analysis shows that the collapse of key forest habitats in the highland valleys is evident during the Mid–Late Holocene. These changes are best explained by the adoption of new land management practices and altered disturbance regimes associated with agricultural activity, though climate change may also play a role. The implications of these findings for ecosystem conservation and sustainability of agriculture in New Guinea are discussed.

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Iamba, Kari, Patrick S. Michael, Danar Dono, and Yusup Hidayat. "Possible New Species of Araecerus (Coleoptera: Anthribidae) associated with Mastixiodendronpachyclados (Rubiaceae) of Papua New Guinea." International Journal of Environmental and Agriculture Research 3, no. 11 (November 30, 2017): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.25125/agriculture-journal-ijoear-sep-2017-8.

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Bourke, R. Michael. "Intensification of Agricultural Systems in Papua New Guinea." Asia Pacific Viewpoint 42, no. 2‐3 (August 2001): 219–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8373.00146.

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Thiagalingam, K., and N. Sriskandarajah. "Utilization of agricultural wastes in papua new guinea." Resources and Conservation 13, no. 2-4 (February 1987): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-3097(87)90057-5.

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11

Urwin, Chris. "Excavating and interpreting ancestral action: Stories from the subsurface of Orokolo Bay, Papua New Guinea." Journal of Social Archaeology 19, no. 3 (May 6, 2019): 279–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1469605319845441.

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The Gulf of Papua, Papua New Guinea, is a rapidly changing geomorphic and cultural landscape in which the ancestral past is constantly being (re)interpreted and negotiated. This paper examines the importance of subsurface archaeological and geomorphological features for the various communities of Orokolo Bay in the Gulf of Papua as they maintain and re-construct cosmological and migration narratives. The everyday practices of digging and clearing for agriculture and house construction at antecedent village locations bring Orokolo Bay locals into regular engagement with buried pottery sherds (deposited during the ancestral hiri trade) and thin strata of ‘black sand’ (iron sand). Local interpretations and imaginings of the subsurface enable spatio-temporal interpretations of the ancestors' actions and the structure of ancestral settlements. These interpretations point to the profound entanglement of orality and material culture and suggest new directions in the comparative study of alternative archaeologies.

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12

Hartemink, Alfred E., and R. M. Bourke. "Nutrient Deficiencies of Agricultural Crops in Papua New Guinea." Outlook on Agriculture 29, no. 2 (June 2000): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000000101293103.

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Westermark, Per, and Gunilla T. Westermark. "Reflections on amyloidosis in Papua New Guinea." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363, no. 1510 (November 27, 2008): 3701–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0073.

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The amyloidoses comprise a heterogeneous group of diseases in which 1 out of more than 25 human proteins aggregates into characteristic beta-sheet fibrils with some unique properties. Aggregation is nucleation dependent. Among the known amyloid-forming constituents is the prion protein, well known for its ability to transmit misfolding and disease from one individual to another. There is increasing evidence that other amyloid forms also may be transmissible but only if certain prerequisites are fulfilled. One of these forms is systemic AA-amyloidosis in which an acute-phase reactant, serum AA, is over-expressed and, possibly after cleavage, aggregates into amyloid fibrils, causing disease. In a mouse model, this disorder can easily be transmitted from one animal to another both by intravenous and oral routes. Also, synthetic amyloid-like fibrils made from defined small peptides have this property, indicating a prion-like transmission mechanism. Even some fibrils occurring in the environment can transmit AA-amyloidosis in the murine model. AA-amyloidosis is particularly common in certain areas of Papua New Guinea, probably due to the endemicity of malaria and perhaps genetic predisposition. Now, when kuru is disappearing, more interest should be focused on the potentially lethal systemic AA-amyloidosis.

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14

Keig, Gael, Robin L. Hide, Susan M. Cuddy, Heinz Buettikofer, Jennifer A. Bellamy, Pieter Bleeker, David Freyne, and John McAlpine. "CSIRO and land research in Papua New Guinea 1950–2000: part 2: post-Independence." Historical Records of Australian Science 30, no. 2 (2019): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr18025.

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Following Papua New Guinea (PNG) Independence in 1975, the new administration approached Australia’s Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) directly concerning the need to address issues related to food security and village-based agriculture. A subsequent series of collaborative research projects between CSIRO and PNG government departments built upon the existing survey information to provide PNG with one of the earliest national-level, computer-based resource information systems, with widespread applications, particularly in agriculture, forestry, environmental management and planning. Part 1 of this historical review discussed the evolution, conduct and outcomes of the CSIRO integrated surveys over the period 1950–75, while Part 2 describes the subsequent research projects that arose from the surveys and concluded in 2000. In addition, the legacy of CSIRO involvement in land research in PNG is examined in relation to advances made both within individual scientific disciplines and in other relevant technological fields, and to operational challenges and structural change within the organisation.

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15

Denham, T. P., J. Golson, and P. J. Hughes. "Reading Early Agriculture at Kuk Swamp, Wahgi Valley, Papua New Guinea: the Archaeological Features (Phases 1–3)." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 70 (2004): 259–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00001195.

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Multi-disciplinary field investigations were undertaken in 1972–7 and 1998–9 at Kuk Swamp in the upper Wahgi Valley in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea. Multi-period finds dating from the early Holocene to the recent past and interpreted to represent human manipulation of a wetland margin for plant exploitation were documented. The archaeological remains dating from the early to mid-Holocene have partially grounded contested claims for the emergence of early and independent agricultural practices on the island of New Guinea. In this paper, the early to mid- Holocene archaeological remains at the site (ie, those allocated to Phases 1, 2, and 3) are reported in detail. The authors of this paper all agree that plant exploitation began at Kuk at c. 10,000 cal BP, however they hold different interpretations of the archaeological evidence from the swamp, which have in turn led to diverse claims for the antiquity of agriculture in New Guinea by at least c. 10,000 cal BP (Golson and Hughes), or by at least 6950–6440 cal BP (Denham). Divergent readings of the archaeological remains are presented at length in order to clarify the evidential bases for the varying claims and to promote future discussion.

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16

Denham, Tim. "Collective Action, Mutual Aid, and Wetland Agriculture in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea." Journal of Contemporary Archaeology 5, no. 2 (January 17, 2019): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jca.33339.

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17

Bayliss-Smith, Tim. "SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE AND NUTRITION IN THE BIMIN VALLEY, OKSAPMIN SUB-DISTRICT, PAPUA NEW GUINEA." Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 6, no. 2 (December 1985): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.1985.tb00164.x.

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18

MacKinnon, Kathy. "From Planning to Action: Forest Conservation and Management in Papua New Guinea." Pacific Conservation Biology 6, no. 4 (2000): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc010277.

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Papua New Guinea (PNG) occupies the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and still boasts 33 million hectares of closed natural forest (77% of the country), home to numerous endemic species. Overall PNG is sparsely populated with some 700 distinct cultural/ language groups. Economic growth over the past two decades has been spurred by large-scale mining, petroleum and logging operations though the majority of the population continues to rely upon subsistence agriculture (swidden) and collection and utilization of forest products. Some 15 million hectares of forests are accessible for logging, of which 1.5 million hectares have already been logged, generally in an unsustainable manner. Of the over 6 million ha of approved timber blocks more than 1.5 million hectares have been located in areas of high biological value. Forest loss and degradation is now becoming a serious problem.

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19

Radcliffe, Chris, Cesidio Parissi, and Anantanarayanan Raman. "Valuing Indigenous Knowledge in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea: A Model for Agricultural and Environmental Education." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 32, no. 3 (September 9, 2016): 243–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aee.2016.19.

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AbstractCurrent methods of agricultural and environmental education for indigenous farmers in Papua New Guinea (PNG) fail to provide high level engagement. Indigenous knowledge (IK) forms the basis of natural resource management, agriculture and health of farmers in PNG, yet its value to agricultural and environmental education in PNG is rarely recognised. The argument made in this article is that valuing indigenous knowledge will enhance agricultural and environmental education. The purpose of this empirical study was to assess the application of a knowledge management model in understanding indigenous knowledge to enhance agricultural and environmental education. This article focuses on agricultural and environmental indigenous knowledge and culture in two villages in the Western Highlands of PNG. Participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and apprentice observations were methods to collect data from small-scale indigenous farmers. The study found that as farmers shift to cash crops, IK is devalued against Western knowledge. The study also found that trust, culture, and social barriers limit sharing of knowledge. The article concludes with recommendations for future agricultural and environmental education in the PNG highlands.

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20

MacWilliam, Scott. "The politics of an agricultural disease in Papua New Guinea." Journal of Contemporary Asia 20, no. 3 (January 1990): 291–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00472339080000341.

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21

Gillieson, David, Pawel Gorecki, and Geoffrey Hope. "Prehistoric agricultural systems in a lowland swamp, Papua New Guinea." Archaeology in Oceania 20, no. 1 (April 1985): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1834-4453.1985.tb00098.x.

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22

Hunt, Colin. "Local and global benefits of subsidizing tropical forest conservation." Environment and Development Economics 7, no. 2 (April 25, 2002): 325–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x02000207.

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The article describes and quantifies the financial benefits of small-scale community forestry, conducted on an ecologically sustainable basis—‘eco-forestry’, by customary landowners in Papua New Guinea. Through economic modelling the article also attempts to quantify the global benefits generated. Eco-forestry is subsidized by donors directly and through NGOs in its setting up and certification. Financial modelling suggests that, with a subsidy, eco-forestry is capable of generating a return to landowners that is comparable to industrial logging. While the return to logging followed by conversion to agriculture is much more attractive than eco-forestry, agriculture is an option available only in some locations. Economic modelling finds that the external economic benefits emanating from tropical forest conservation that replaces logging in Papua New Guinea are far greater in scale than the financial benefits to landowners. However, the lack of reliable data on the environmental benefits of forest conservation means that economic analysis is somewhat inconclusive. The need for further research to quantify environmental benefits is thus highlighted. The subsidization of forest conservation directly, instead of indirectly through small-scale forestry, is investigated and found to generate a similar level of economic benefits to eco-forestry. However, the cost of direct subsidization is greater. Moreover, mechanisms for direct subsidy are undeveloped in Papua New Guinea. Donors may prefer to continue to subsidize small-scale forestry where it replaces logging because of its apparent conservation and side benefits and because it is operational, while at the same time exploring and extending cost-effective models of direct conservation that have the advantage over eco-forestry of being applicable in more remote areas. Compared with industrial logging, eco-forestry contributes little to consolidated revenue. Therefore it is to be expected that eco-forestry will meet government resistance if it makes significant inroads into the allocation of logging concessions.

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23

Michael, Patrick S. "Agriculture versus climate change – A narrow staple-based rural livelihood of Papua New Guinea is a threat to survival under climate change." SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology 17, no. 1 (June 29, 2020): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v17i1.41545.

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This paper presents a synthesis related to the assessment of climate change and its impacts on productivity of staple crops in Papua New Guinea (PNG), paying close attention to the change in population in the next 80 years. As much as the changes in the climatic and environmental factors will affect agriculture, evidence available in the literature show increase in global and local population will put additional pressure on agriculture by competing with available land and other resources that support agricultural productivity. The developing and underdeveloped countries are considered to be largely vulnerable as more than 85% of the people depend on subsistence agriculture for rural livelihood. This synthesis showed more than 60–85% of the rural people in PNG depend on sweet potato, banana, Colocasia taro, and greater yam. Projection of the population showed there will be 22–31 million people by 2100 and will depend on narrow staple-based subsistence agriculture. The population projected means the density will be 42 people per km2, putting more pressure on limited land available. When that happens, PNG will not be prepared to mitigate, be resilient and adapt because of poor infrastructure, no development plans and lack of post-harvest technologies for loss management of the staples, most of which are root and tuber crops.

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Hendri. "CARBON MANAGEMENT PROGRAM IN PAPUA REGION." JURNAL KEHUTANAN PAPUASIA 1, no. 1 (November 3, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.46703/jurnalpapuasia.vol1.iss1.23.

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Indonesia is one of the countries with the largest tropical rainforest area, especially in Papua Island together with Papua New Guinea accounted the third largest tropical rainforests in the world, after the Amazon (336.7 million ha) and Congo (181.3 million ha). The total tropical rainforest area is 68.7 million ha contained Papua about 57% (39.2 million ha) and 43% (29.5 million ha) Papua New Guinea. Unfortunately, deforestation rates in the few decades increased from 1.39 million ha in the period 1985 – 1997 and 0.6 million ha in the period 2000 – 2005. The direct impact of rapid LULUCF (Land Use, Land Use Change & Forestry) changes since 1980`s has accumulated critical land by 29.0% of forest area in West Papua and 31.4% of forest area in Papua. Climate change affected in Papua region due to rapid amount GHG`s emissions into the atmosphere by increasing average temperature about 0.7oC, minimum temperature (0.7oC) and maximum temperature (1.2oC) during period 1996 – 2005. Other effects of climate change the decreased rainfall up to 26% per month in the last decade, 50% reduced total agriculture productivity, expanded malaria diseases, and increased extreme condition such as drought with intensity of forest fire detected in Sorong due to inter-annual climate variability events, such as the El-Niño event and flood due to the La-Niña event. However, it is difficult task to build mitigation and adaptation planning in the region or local scale due to the lack information, the lack human resources, and local topography and phenomena. In that case, so far, no study has been conducted in Papua region to build mitigation and adaptation planning for carbon management. Therefore, this study tries to promote a carbon management program for help local government to solve forest environmental problems consideration of climate change.

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25

Kraus, Fred. "A new treefrog of theLitoria gracilentagroup (Hylidae) from Papua New Guinea." Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 126, no. 2 (July 2013): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2988/0006-324x-126.2.151.

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Kraus, Fred. "A new species of Choerophryne (Anura: Microhylidae) from Papua New Guinea." Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 131, no. 1 (January 2018): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2988/17-00027.

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27

Shack, Kathryn W., Louis E. Grivetti, and Kathryn G. Dewey. "Cash cropping, subsistence agriculture, and nutritional status among mothers and children in lowland Papua New Guinea." Social Science & Medicine 31, no. 1 (January 1990): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(90)90010-p.

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28

Denham, Tim. "Archaeological evidence for mid-Holocene agriculture in the interior of Papua New Guinea: a critical review." Archaeology in Oceania 38, no. 3 (October 2003): 159–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1834-4453.2003.tb00542.x.

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29

Muke, John, and Herman Mandui. "In the shadows of Kuk: evidence for prehistoric agriculture at Kana, Wahgi Valley, Papua New Guinea." Archaeology in Oceania 38, no. 3 (October 2003): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1834-4453.2003.tb00543.x.

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30

Gorecki, Pawel P. "Human Occupation and Agricultural Development in the Papua New Guinea Highlands." Mountain Research and Development 6, no. 2 (May 1986): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3673269.

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31

Schmid, Rudolf, L. W. Hanson, R. M. Bourke, B. J. Allen, and T. J. McCarthy. "Mapping Land Resource Potential and Agricultural Pressure in Papua New Guinea." Taxon 50, no. 3 (August 2001): 968. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1223742.

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32

Laurance, William F. "“Special Agricultural and Business Leases” imperil forests in Papua New Guinea." Pacific Conservation Biology 17, no. 4 (2011): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc110297.

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33

Allen, Bryant J., R. Michael Bourke, and Robin L. Hide. "The sustainability of Papua New Guinea agricultural systems: the conceptual background." Global Environmental Change 5, no. 4 (September 1995): 297–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0959-3780(95)00074-x.

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34

Alamgir, Mohammed, Sean Sloan, Mason J. Campbell, Jayden Engert, Regina Kiele, Gabriel Porolak, Thomas Mutton, Ambroise Brenier, Pierre L. Ibisch, and William F. Laurance. "Infrastructure expansion challenges sustainable development in Papua New Guinea." PLOS ONE 14, no. 7 (July 24, 2019): e0219408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219408.

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35

Cartwright, David. "A review of the New Guinea species of Chimarra Stephens (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae)." Memoirs of Museum Victoria 79 (2020): 1–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2020.79.01.

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Descriptions are provided for males of 58 philopotamid species in the Trichoptera (caddisfly) genus Chimarra Stephens. Among these are 49 new species from New Guinea (Papua New Guinea and the Indonesian province of Papua/ West Papua, including nearby islands): 41 new species from Papua New Guinea, seven from West Papua and one found in both (C. bifida sp. nov.). The new species are: Chimarra absida sp. nov., C. aliceae sp. nov., C. antap sp. nov., C. bicornis sp. nov., C. bicuspidus sp. nov., C. bifida sp. nov., C. bintang sp. nov., C. cavata sp. nov., C. clava sp. nov., C. cristata sp. nov., C. damma sp. nov., C. denticulata sp. nov., C. ediana sp. nov., C. erecta sp. nov., C. espelandae sp. nov., C. harpes sp. nov., C. huonana sp. nov., C. ismayi sp. nov., C. jari sp. nov., C. johansoni sp. nov., C. karamui sp. nov., C. kebarana sp. nov., C. kewabi sp. nov., C. kuka sp. nov., C. laensis sp. nov., C. lalokiana sp. nov., C. lindyae sp. nov., C. maai sp. nov., C. mendiana sp. nov., C. milneana sp. nov., C. missim sp. nov., C. morobensis sp. nov., C. newguineana sp. nov., C. olahi sp. nov., C. pertica sp. nov., C. pindua sp. nov., C. projectura sp. nov., C. sappela sp. nov., C. sepikana sp. nov., C. simbuensis sp. nov., C. stella sp. nov., C. supia sp. nov., C. toliana sp. nov., C. trigona sp. nov., C. ukarumpana sp. nov., C. unidentata sp. nov., C. verticas sp. nov., C. wara sp. nov. and C. wauana sp. nov. Only one described species(C. cyclopica Kimmins, 1962) is shared by the two adjoining countries. Speciesseparation is based almost entirely on male genitalic characteristics. TheC. papuana species group (after Mey, 2006; Oláh, 2014) is reaffirmed; its key features being inferior appendages with the sub-terminal or terminal process elongate and an elongate ventral process on segment IX. All 58 species treated here are endemic to New Guinea, except for C. biramosa, which was originally recorded from the nearby Solomon Islands (Kimmins, 1957).

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Haberle, Simon G., Carol Lentfer, Shawn O’Donnell, and Tim Denham. "The palaeoenvironments of Kuk Swamp from the beginnings of agriculture in the highlands of Papua New Guinea." Quaternary International 249 (February 2012): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2011.07.048.

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37

Caffery, Jo, and Deborah Hill. "Expensive English: an accessible language approach for Papua New Guinea agricultural development." Development in Practice 29, no. 2 (October 12, 2018): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09614524.2018.1530195.

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38

Wilson, Samuel M. "Phytolith analysis at Kuk, an early agricultural site in Papua New Guinea." Archaeology in Oceania 20, no. 3 (October 1985): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1834-4453.1985.tb00115.x.

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P. Faith, Daniel, H. A. Nix, C. R. Margules, M. F. Hutchinson, P. A. Walker, J. West, J. L. Stein, J. L. Kesteven, A. Allison, and G. Natera. "The BioRap Biodiversity Assessment and Planning Study for Papua New Guinea." Pacific Conservation Biology 6, no. 4 (2000): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc010279.

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Papua New Guinea (PNG) has an incredible variety of land and marine ecosystems, including many components of biodiversity that are unique in the world. PNG's land mass constitutes less than one percent of the world's land area, yet estimates suggest that the country has more than 5% of the world's biodiversity. PNG has been recognized therefore as an important region for biodiversity conservation (see Alcorn 1993; Beehler 1993 and references within). Recently, Conservation International (CI) has recognized PNG as one of the small number of critical tropical forest areas for conservation efforts. That priority reflects not just PNG's unique biodiversity but also the fact that sustainable use of PNG's natural resources has become an important issue, particularly relating to its large mineral deposits, oil and natural gas reserves, agricultural potential, and forestry production potential. CI's perspective highlights important principles of conservation priority. PNG, like the other tropical wilderness areas on its priority list, is regarded as an opportunity for effective conservation at relatively low cost, given that these wilderness regions are still largely intact and have low human population density. In our view, realizing such opportunities requires good planning. Biodiversity conservation in PNG can imply low realized opportunity costs or quite high realized opportunity costs, depending on whether biodiversity planning is used to find a balance among society's competing needs through tradeoffs. PNG is a region worthy of urgent conservation planning attention because potential high net benefits for society may be needlessly foreclosed through inefficient planning that does not address conflicts among various needs of society. The risk of losing those potential net benefits is a strong argument for conservation investment in PNG.

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Orr, Ryan, Anna V. McBeath, Wouter I. J. Dieleman, Michael I. Bird, and Paul N. Nelson. "Estimating organic carbon content of soil in Papua New Guinea using infrared spectroscopy." Soil Research 55, no. 8 (2017): 735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr16227.

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Quantification of soil organic carbon (SOC) content is important for sustainable agricultural management and accurate carbon accounting. Infrared (IR) absorbance can be used to estimate SOC content, but the relationship differs between regions due to matrix effects. We developed an IR-based model specific for SOC in Papua New Guinean soils. A total of 437 samples from 0.0–0.3m depth were analysed for SOC using Dumas combustion. IR absorption spectra were collected from the same samples, and a predictive regression model was developed using the 6000–1030cm–1 spectral range. Using a validation set, predicted SOC values resulting from the IR-based model compared well with values from Dumas combustion (R2=0.905; ratio of performance-to-deviation=5.64). Constraining wavelengths to positively correlated regions of the spectra was also explored and showed improved model performance (R2=0.932). Overall, IR analysis provides a robust method for estimating SOC content for a range of Papua New Guinean soils.

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Ballard, Chris. "Wetland Drainage and Agricultural Transformations in the Southern Highlands of Papua New Guinea." Asia Pacific Viewpoint 42, no. 2‐3 (August 2001): 287–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8373.00150.

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HARRIS, EDWARD C., and PHILIP J. HUGHES. "An Early Agricultural System at Mugumamp Ridge, Western Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea." Mankind 11, no. 4 (May 10, 2010): 437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1835-9310.1978.tb01180.x.

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Kannapiran, Chinna A. "Macroeconomic impacts of export commodity price subsidy in Papua New Guinea." Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 45, no. 3 (September 2001): 437–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8489.00151.

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Singh, Danian, Lionel Joseph, Zafiar Naaz, and Kelera Railoa. "Sugarcane Weevil Borer (Rhabdoscelus Obscurus) in Fiji Islands and Recommendations Towards Its Control." Outlooks on Pest Management 30, no. 6 (December 1, 2019): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/v30_dec_07.

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Pests have been a constant threat to agriculture the world over. In the Fiji Islands where the major agricultural export commodity is raw sugar, the Sugarcane weevil borer is one such agricultural pest that poses a real threat to an already ailing industry. The Sugarcane weevil borer (Rhabdoscelus obscure) is a pest originally found in Papua New Guinea whose introduction into Fiji has resulted in crop damage particularly to the soft variety of sugarcane found in Fiji. This review highlights the emergence of the weevil borer and explains a possible control that could be implemented by the Fijian farmers. The current method of control in Fiji uses the split billet trap. While this method has been recognized as an economically viable method of controlling the spread of the weevil borer, it has not been completely effective in eradicating the pest. This paper highlights and puts forth recommendations on other methods which could be used by the sugarcane industry.

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White, Thomas H., Patricia Bickley, Cory Brown, Dave E. Busch, Guy Dutson, Holly Freifeld, Douglas Krofta, Sean Lawlor, Dan Polhemus, and Rachel Rounds. "Quantifying Threats to Biodiversity and Prioritizing Responses: An Example from Papua New Guinea." Diversity 13, no. 6 (June 4, 2021): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13060248.

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Accurately identifying threats to global biodiversity is the first step towards effectively countering or ameliorating them. However, such threats are usually only qualitatively categorized, without any comparative quantitative assessment of threat levels either within or across ecosystems. As part of recent efforts in Papua New Guinea to develop a long-term strategic plan for reducing threats to biodiversity at the national level, we developed a novel and quantitative method for not only assessing relative effects of specific biodiversity threats across multiple ecosystems, but also identifying and prioritizing conservation actions best suited for countering identified threats. To do so, we used an abbreviated quantitative SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis and multivariate cluster analysis to identify the most significant threats to biodiversity in Papua New Guinea. Of 27 specific threats identified, there were nine major threats (each >5% of total) which accounted for approximately 72% of the total quantified biodiversity threat in Papua New Guinea. We then used the information to identify underlying crosscutting threat drivers and specific conservation actions that would have the greatest probability of reducing biodiversity threats across multiple ecosystem realms. We categorized recommended actions within three strategic categories; with actions within each category targeting two different spatial scales. Our integrated quantitative approach to identifying and addressing biodiversity threats is intuitive, comprehensive, repeatable and computationally simple. Analyses of this nature can be invaluable for avoiding not only wasted resources, but also ineffective measures for conserving biodiversity.

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Reid, Lucy M. Hamilton. "Memories of kuru while at Okapa, Papua New Guinea in 1957." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363, no. 1510 (November 27, 2008): 3657–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.4026.

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Rena, Ravinder. "Challenges for Quality Primary Education in Papua New Guinea—A Case Study." Education Research International 2011 (2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/485634.

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There is an urgent need to reform the educational system to achieve universal primary education in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Even after 35 years of independence, PNG has been struggling to educate an estimated 2 million elementary- and primary-aged children and faces numerous challenges in providing Education for All (EFA). This study was conducted in four primary schools of Buma Yong area of Lae district of Morobe Province, PNG. The study revealed that the quality of education has been deteriorated over the past few decades. Many schools in PNG do not have classrooms, teachers, and basic facilities. As a result, the children are losing interest in going to school. The children dropped out of school so as to assist their families in the household and agricultural activities. It also reveals that the dropout rate of girls is more than that of the boys due to the gender disparity in the country. The study recommended that budgetary allocations should be increased so as to improve the infrastructural facilities and encourage the children to attend primary school and thus achieve the Millennium Development Goal/Education For All in PNG.

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Bowman, D. M. J. S., J. C. Z. Woinarski, D. P. A. Sands, A. Wells, and V. J. McShane. "Slash-and-Burn Agriculture in the Wet Coastal Lowlands of Papua New Guinea: Response of Birds, Butterflies and Reptiles." Journal of Biogeography 17, no. 3 (May 1990): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2845121.

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Kraus, Fred. "An unusual new species of Albericus (Anura: Microhylidae) from Mount Giluwe, Papua New Guinea." Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 123, no. 1 (January 2010): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2988/09-21.1.

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Hill, Genia, Rachel Friedman, and Paul Dargusch. "Food Systems Development: The Necessary Paradigm Shift for a Healthy and Sustainable Agrarian Transition, a Case Study from Bougainville, Papua New Guinea." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 8 (April 12, 2022): 4651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084651.

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Classical agricultural development paradigms prioritise basic requirements such as agronomic, caloric and economic needs for the target environment and for beneficiaries. As challenges associated with climate change, globalisation, and population growth compound and amplify one another, project scope must be broadened to take a holistic food systems approach that includes sociocultural and historical contexts, as well as climate impacts as underpinning project design. In this paper, we illustrate the importance of adopting a food systems development paradigm rather than a classical agricultural development paradigm through a case study in Bougainville, Papua New Guinea. The case uses Rich Picturing, targeted and focus-group interviews, and garden visits in remote Bougainville; it provides a poignant illustration of the importance of this more holistic perspective given the historical inefficacy of food systems development, as well as Papua New Guinea’s exposure to a plethora of compounding environmental, social, economic, and political stresses and shocks that demonstrate the important linkages between ecosystem services and health. The study aims to demonstrate how including localised gender dynamics, climate vulnerability, rapidly morphing social norms, and climate analogue environments is critical in building food systems resilience and is key to designing policies, programs, and development projects that more effectively address environmental, sociocultural, and health considerations. Building on the inadequacies in agricultural development efforts previously documented for Papua New Guinea, we propose an improved framing for food systems development and identify areas for future research.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Agriculture, papua new guinea'

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