Relevant bibliographies by topics / Agriculture, prehistoric

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Agriculture, prehistoric'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Agriculture, prehistoric"

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Lepofsky, Dana. "A Radiocarbon Chronology for Prehistoric Agriculture in the Society Islands, French Polynesia." Radiocarbon 37, no. 3 (1995): 917–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200014995.

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I discuss a suite of 29 radiocarbon age determinations from four valleys on the islands of Mo'orea and Raiatea in the Society Archipelago. These dates provide the first sequence for the development of prehistoric agricultural production and human-induced environmental change in the Society Islands. Indirect evidence of small-scale agriculture, and by association, human occupation, dates to at least the 7th–10th centuries ad. Agricultural sites themselves date from the early 13th century ad until the late prehistoric/early historic period, with most agricultural activity clustering at the end of the temporal sequence. Valleys with the greatest arable potential were cultivated earlier than less preferred sites. Evidence for extensive landscape transformation in the Opunohu Valley, likely associated with clearing for agricultural purposes, begins soon after the earliest evidence for cultivation and continues throughout prehistory. A larger sample of 14C determinations from strati-graphic excavations in both archaeological sites and “off-site” contexts is required to address many as yet unanswered questions about the prehistoric social and economic development of the Society Islands.
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Fedoroff, N. V. "AGRICULTURE: Prehistoric GM Corn." Science 302, no. 5648 (November 14, 2003): 1158–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1092042.

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Goodman, A. H. "Dental Enamel Hypoplasias in Prehistoric Populations." Advances in Dental Research 3, no. 2 (September 1989): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374890030022801.

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Recent years have witnessed an impressive increase in research on enamel hypoplasias in archaeological populations. By reviewing a series of studies of enamel hypoplasias at Dickson Mounds, Illinois, North America (950-1300 A.D.), a prehistoric site involved in the transition from gathering-hunting to agriculture, this paper provides an illustration of this type of research. The location of linear hypoplasias on labial tooth surfaces of 111 adults was studied with a thin-tipped caliper, and this location was converted to an age at development. Most defects developed between two and four years of developmental age. Hypoplasias increased in prevalence from 45% in the pre-agriculture group to 80% in the agricultural group (p < 0.01). The transition to agriculture occurred at a cost to infant and childhood health. Defects are associated with decreased longevity. Individuals with defects have a life expectancy of nearly ten years fewer than those without defects, suggesting that the development of a defect marks a significant and lasting health event. Enamel hypoplasias occur most frequently on anterior teeth, polar teeth in developmental fields, and the middle developmental thirds of teeth. Analysis of these data suggests that enamel may be differentially susceptible to growth disruption and that susceptibility varies both within and among teeth. The study of enamel defects at Dickson provides insights into the health and nutritional consequences of the economic change from hunting and gathering to agriculture. More generally, with the availability of teeth from genetically homogeneous populations, studies of enamel hypoplasias in prehistory should provide a useful complement to research on this condition in contemporary peoples.
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Denevan, William M. "Comments on Prehistoric Agriculture in Amazonia." Culture Agriculture 20, no. 2-3 (June 1998): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cag.1998.20.2-3.54.

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Crawford, Gary W., and Masakazu Yoshizaki. "Ainu ancestors and prehistoric Asian agriculture." Journal of Archaeological Science 14, no. 2 (March 1987): 201–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-4403(87)90007-0.

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Gustafsson, Stefan. "The Farming Economy in South and Central Sweden during the Bronze Age - A Study Based on Carbonised Botanical Evidence." Current Swedish Archaeology 6, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37718/csa.1998.05.

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The article provides a survey of carbonised seed finds in south and central Sweden which can be attributed to the Swedish Bronze Age, 1800—500 B.C. This period must be considered one of the most dynamic with regard to prehistoric agriculture. The material has been collected at prehistoric dwelling sites and largely consists of household refuse. During the Early Bronze Age agriculture was based on speltoid wheat's and naked barley. Around 1000 B.C. the speltoid wheats and the naked barley decline strongly, while hulled barley takes over as the most important crop. This shift in the choice of crop indicates the introduction of agricultural fertilization and systems with permanent, manured fields.
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Green, Stanton W., and Marek Zvelebil. "The Mesolithic Colonization and Agricultural Transition of South-east Ireland." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 56 (1990): 57–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x0000503x.

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This paper presents the first systematic archaeological evidence from the early prehistory of south-east Ireland. The research is designed to investigate the colonization of the area during the Mesolithic period and the subsequent transition to agriculture. From a theoretical perspective, we offer a view of indigenous development. That is, we look for continuities between Mesolithic and Neolithic Ireland in terms of technology and settlement. The data, we are gathering include surface and excavated materials. Lithic assemblages were systematically collected from ploughsoils surrounding the Waterford Harbour area during the years 1983 through 1987. These materials are analyzed from the point of view of geography, raw material, reduction sequences, manufacturing technology, and chronological typology to yield an initial glimpse into the rich prehistory of the region and its pattern of settlement. Excavations during 1986, 1987 and 1989 have begun to fill in some detail including the region's first prehistoric barley, a Neolithic radiocarbon date, prehistoric pottery, a rhyolite quarry and several rich lithic assemblages.
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Barfield, Lawrence, and Christopher Chippindale. "Meaning in the Later Prehistoric Rock-Engravings of Mont Bégo, Alpes-Maritimes, France." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 63 (1997): 103–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00002395.

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The later prehistoric rock-engravings of Mont Bégo, in the Maritime Alps on the French–Italian border, provide a rare possibility of grasping the meaning of a group in prehistoric art. Two elements in their limited repertoire of forms are daggers and halberds, which also occur as physical objects or as images in the contemporary sites of adjacent north Italy; their contexts show they are, in that area, associated with the status of adult males in society. That same interpretation is applied to the Mont Bégo figures, and this is found congruent with other motifs — especially ploughs and cattle — in the repertoire. It may explain also the other common motif, a geometrical form interpreted as a map of a prehistoric farmstead, by associating it with plough agriculture and land division. The insights developed from the study for what ‘meaning’ amounts to in the study of prehistory are set down.
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Preucel, Robert W., and W. H. Wills. "Early Prehistoric Agriculture in the American Southwest." Journal of Field Archaeology 17, no. 4 (1990): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/530009.

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Lewis, David Rich, and W. H. Wills. "Early Prehistoric Agriculture in the American Southwest." American Indian Quarterly 14, no. 4 (1990): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1184976.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Agriculture, prehistoric"

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Jia, Weiming. "Transition from foraging to farming in northeast China." Connect to full text, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/653.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2005.
Title from title screen (viewed 20 May 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
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Gasperetti, Matthew Alexander. "The bioarchaeology of agriculture in the prehistoric southern Levant." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708181.

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Jones, Brenda M., and n/a. "Digging up data: a reanalysis of so called �horticultural� tools." University of Otago. Department of Anthropology, 1999. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070523.153015.

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Elsdon Best�s 1925 work Maori Agriculture has been influential in New Zealand archaeology impacting on the terminology and assumed functions applied to so called �horticultural� implements retrieved in excavations, as well as those in museums and private collections. This thesis critically examines Best�s horticultural tool classification and the decisions he made with regards to tool function. Ethnographic accounts are investigated in an effort to understand how and why Best selected the terms and functions that he did. The literature review reveals anomalies in the conclusions that Best drew and the morphology of the tools that he described, highlighting the lack of order and confusion surrounding horticultural tool function, terminology and morphology, and prompting a much needed reassessment of horticultural implements. A study of artefacts from New Zealand museums was undertaken with the aim of generating two typologies for so called �horticultural� tools. The artefacts are classified to specific types using specified attributes, and following the classification process, are investigated for metric and non-metric variables that are indicative of the tool�s function. Graphical and basic statistical analyses revealed largely unimodal distributions for the metric attributes recorded for each tool type. Non-metric qualities also displayed a uniformity to their occurrence within the individual types. The data for each type is discussed with regards to tool function, combining the results of the attribute analyses with comparable tool morphologies from other Pacific cultures. The distribution of tool types in prehistoric New Zealand is also investigated in an effort to elucidate tool function. This investigation highlights the artefacts as earth-working implements, disestablishing the restricted horticultural context which for so long has been associated with such tools.
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Peacock, Sandra Leslie. "Putting down roots, the emergence of wild plant food production on the Canadian plateau." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ36647.pdf.

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Heath, Anne-Marie. "Prehistoric settlement and agriculture on the Eastern Moors of the Peak District." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2004. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14483/.

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The project is a study of soil erosion within the cairnfields on the Eastern Moors of Derbyshire. A range of Archaeological features and natural sedimentary sequences were excavated in the search for eroded sediments. The erosion evident at these features was dated by means of radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence dating. Contrary to previous assumptions as to the scale of erosion in later prehistory, which maintain that this was a severe problem, it is concluded that the evidence indicates a low degree of erosion for the Bronze Age. Erosion is concluded to have increased from the Iron Age with the establishment of extensive pasture land.
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Goodale, Nathan B. "Convergence in the neolithic : human population growth at the dawn of agriculture." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2009/N_Goodale_040309.pdf.

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Morais, João Manuel F. "The early farming communities of southern Mozambique : an assessment of new and extant evidence." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:109c9470-855f-4696-906d-61ae770e217b.

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The thesis covers extensive and mostly unpublished archaeological evidence of the early farming communities of southern Mozambique. Environmental patterns and present-day human interactions are assessed, and the potentials of available ethno-historical source materials briefly estimated. The developments, aims and methodologies of the Archaeological Research Programme from 1976 to 1984 are described as providing the first contextual work from which we derive most of our present data. The individual archaeological sites are evaluated within particular physiographic units conformable to location and environmental setting and described accordingly. The archaeological evidence is presented and discussed in relation to associated sites in the region, as well as related to commonly accepted archaeological traditions in southern Africa. An interpretative view of the data is put forward in relation to regional, physical and cultural parameters, and reconstructions of historical entities are suggested by discreet archaeological pottery traditions. An outline of the early farming community economy and organization is proposed. A review of the archaeology of the early farming communities of eastern and southern Africa is presented as providing a comparative frame of reference of overall historical processes of relevance to local developments.
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Cannon, Michael D. "Large mammal resource depression and agricultural intensification : an empirical test in the Mimbres Valley, New Mexico /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6419.

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Dominguez, Steven R. "Assessing the hydrologic functions of prehistoric grid gardens in north central New Mexico /." Ann Arbor (Mich.) : UMI dissertation, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37717947k.

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Hodges, Denise C. "Agricultural intensification and prehistoric health in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico /." Ann Arbor : University of Michigan, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40084747p.

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Books on the topic "Agriculture, prehistoric"

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Adair, Mary J. Prehistoric agriculture in the Central Plains. Lawrence, Kan: Dept. of Anthropology, University of Kansas, 1988.

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S, Farrington Ian, ed. Prehistoric intensive agriculture in the tropics. Oxford, England: B.A.R., 1985.

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S, Farrington I., ed. Prehistoric intensive agriculture in the tropics. Oxford: B. A. R., 1985.

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Tegtmeier, Ursula. Neolithische und bronzezeitliche Pflugspuren in Norddeutschland und den Niederlanden. Bonn: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ur- und Frühgeschichte, 1993.

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Fries, Janine Claudia. Vor- und frühgeschichtliche Agrartechnik auf den Britischen Inseln und dem Kontinent: Eine vergleichende Studie. Espelkamp: M.L. Leidorf, 1995.

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Giusti, Francesca. La nascita dell'agricoltura: Aree, tipologie e modelli. Roma: Donzelli, 1996.

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School of American Research (Santa Fe, N.M.), ed. Early prehistoric agriculture in the American Southwest. Santa Fe, N.M: School of American Research Press, 1988.

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1946-, Yasuda Yoshinori, and Yangtze River Civilisation Programme, eds. The origins of pottery and agriculture. New Delhi: Roli Books, 2002.

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Harlan Symposium (1997 Aleppo, Syria). The origins of agriculture and crop domestication: Proceedings of the Harlan Symposium, 10-14 May 1997, Aleppo, Syria. Aleppo, Syria: Published jointly by ICARDA, IPGRI, FAO and UC/GRCP, 1998.

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B, Damania A., Harlan Jack R, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas., International Plant Genetic Resources Institute., Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations., University of California. Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Genetic Resources Conservation Program., and Origins of Agriculture and Domestication of Crop Plants in the Near East, (1997 : Aleppo, Syria), eds. The origins of agriculture and crop domestication: Proceedings of the Harlan symposium, 10-14 May 1997, Aleppo, Syria. Rome: ICARDA, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Agriculture, prehistoric"

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Brown, Cecil H. "Development of Agriculture in Prehistoric Mesoamerica: The Linguistic Evidence." In Pre-Columbian Foodways, 71–107. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0471-3_3.

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Temple, Daniel H. "Evolution of Postcranial Morphology during the Agricultural Transition in Prehistoric Japan." In Human Bioarchaeology of the Transition to Agriculture, 235–62. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470670170.ch10.

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D’Andrea, Catherine, Diane Lyons, Mitiku Haile, and Ann Butler. "Ethnoarchaeological Approaches to the Study of Prehistoric Agriculture in the Highlands of Ethiopia." In The Exploitation of Plant Resources in Ancient Africa, 101–22. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6730-8_10.

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Schirrmacher, Julien, Ingo Feeser, Dragana Filipović, Hans-Peter Stika, Merle Oelbüttel, and Wiebke Kirleis. "Cereal Agriculture in Prehistoric North-Central Europe and South-East Iberia: Changes and Continuities as Potential Adaptations to Climate." In Perspectives on Socio-environmental Transformations in Ancient Europe, 143–74. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53314-3_6.

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AbstractDuring recent years many crop failures related to the ongoing climate crisis have been reported. From palaeo-climatic archives it is known that also in the past people had to cope with hazardous climatic anomalies such as the so-called 4.2 ka event. Similarly, pronounced changes in the crop spectrum have been documented from archaeo-botanical studies, such as the introduction of new crops or the decline in crop diversity.However, the impact of climatic anomalies for such past changes in the crop spectrum are still not well understood. Here, we discuss the influence of climatic anomalies on agrarian decision-making during the Neolithic and Bronze Age on the basis of a synthesis of available archaeo-botanical and palaeo-climatic data from two study areas within the Mediterranean and Atlantic climate zones of Europe. We find a significant correlation between climate anomalies and crop data in the Mediterranean zone, and a more nuanced situation in the Atlantic zone.
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Chazan, Michael. "Introduction: Definitions of Agriculture." In World Prehistory and Archaeology, 179–87. Fourth edition. | Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315208183-12.

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Fort, Joaquim. "The Spread of Agriculture: Quantitative Laws in Prehistory?" In Computational Social Sciences, 17–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83643-6_2.

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Fort, Joaquim. "Correction to: The Spread of Agriculture: Quantitative Laws in Prehistory?" In Computational Social Sciences, C1. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83643-6_12.

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“The original version of chapter 2[“The Spread of Agriculture: Quantitative Laws in Prehistory?”] was previously published non-open access. It has now been changed to open access under a CC BY 4.0 license and the copyright holder updated to ‘The Author(s)’. The book has also been updated with this change.”
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"8 Prehistoric Agriculture." In Avaldsnes - A Sea-Kings' Manor in First-Millennium Western Scandinavia, 137–56. De Gruyter, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110421088-010.

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Matuzeviciute, Giedre Motuzaite. "The adoption of agriculture:." In Prehistoric Ukraine, 309–26. Oxbow Books, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv13nb9rs.14.

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Bellwood, Peter. "Early agriculture and the dispersal of the southern Mongoloids." In Prehistoric Mongoloid Dispersals, 287–302. Oxford University PressOxford, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198523185.003.0019.

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Abstract In my archaeological and linguistic perspective on southeast Asia (e.g. Bellwood 1985, 1991a, 1992a) I have taken the view that populations ancestral to present day Mongoloids began to colonize the region from the north during the early phases of dependence on agriculture. This colonization started in the fourth millennium BC and is continuing locally in some remote regions today. In eastern Indonesia these incoming Mongoloid groups intermarried gradually with the Melanesian populations who already occupied the area in relatively high den sities. While pre-agricultural populations with some clinal degrees of Mongoloid affinity might have existed in the northern and western parts of southeast Asia, the southeast Asian Mongoloid populations as a whole cannot have evolved in situ within southeast Asia from low latitude Pleistocene forerunners, separate from the major (and obviously related) populations of east Asian Mongoloids outside the tropics. The phenotypic trends in skin pigmentation and hair form developed due to equatorial propinquity elsewhere in the Old World (Africa, southern India, Australia, Melanesia) do not occur in this region (Bellwood 1985; Robbins 1991). The southeast Asian Mongoloids do not represent an equatorial adaptation, except on a superficial level. They must have expanded, allowing for intermarriage with indigenous populations, into their southern regions of distribution from somewhere north of the tropics.
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Conference papers on the topic "Agriculture, prehistoric"

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Uslu, Kamil. "The History of the Cannabis Plant, its Place in the Economies of Countries, and its Strategic Importance." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c14.02694.

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Cannabis is a plant that is extraordinarily useful and has been used in almost every form for thousands of years by mankind. It is a small family of flowering plants, also known as the cannabis family. This family contains about 170 species grouped in about 11 genera, including Cannabis, Humulus, and Celtis. Obtaining the drug, which is a by-product of cannabis, is shown as a potential danger to societies. Despite this, it should not be ignored that hemp is gaining more importance in our global world. The economic and social benefits of cannabis, which are very important in human history, still maintain their place today. It can be said that political preferences are more prominent here. Cannabis has been freely used by a large part of the world's population since prehistoric times. There are countries that stand out in the history of hemp. These; Among the Chinese, Indians, the Native Americans are prominent. The areas where cannabis is used; It acts as a natural filter in paper production, textile industry, agriculture, energy, automotive industry, cleaning carbon dioxide in the air. In addition, hemp, which is widely used in medicine, is a strategic plant that is also used in many areas.
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Sandor, Jonathan A., John W. Hawley, Robert H. Schiowitz, and Paul L. Gersper. "Soil-geomorphic setting and change in prehistoric agricultural terraces in the Mimbres area, New Mexico." In 59th Annual Fall Field Conference. New Mexico Geological Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.56577/ffc-59.167.

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Botezatu, Andrei, Natalia Mocanu, and Nicoleta Mateoc-Sirb. "The Pergola system and its benefits in growing table grapes." In 4th Economic International Conference "Competitiveness and Sustainable Development". Technical University of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52326/csd2022.35.

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The grapevine is considered one of the oldest plants cultivated by man, and thanks to its properties such as drought resistance, its taste and decorative qualities, it is more in demand than other plants. On our lands, the grapevine has appeared since prehistoric times, and today it has come to include one of the most important agricultural branches of our country. The Republic of Moldova has rich traditions in growing grapes, both table grapes and wine grapes are produced here. But the climate changes that are increasingly changing our area require the implementation of new technologies, which allow obtaining large, quality harvests with minimal risks. Thus, the establishment of vine plantations according to the Pergola/Tendone system, is one of the most optimal and efficient methods of multiplying the annual harvest.
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Huckleberry, Gary, Jonathan Sandor, and Frances Hayashida. "PREHISTORIC IRRIGATED SOILS IN THE HIGH ATACAMA OF CHILE: PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM A TERRACED AGRICULTURAL COMPLEX." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-316274.

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Schott, Amy M. "MULTI-SCALAR STUDIES OF SOIL GEOMORPHOLOGY AND SOIL PRODUCTIVITY IN PETRIFIED FOREST NATIONAL PARK TO UNDERSTAND PREHISTORIC AGRICULTURAL POTENTIAL." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-315700.

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Gonzalez, Sergio. "Generative Humane-Machine Interaction in Oil & Gas." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/35168-ms.

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Abstract From the Acheulean stone tools in prehistory first made by the homo ergaster around 250.000 BCE (V. Smil, 2017) to the wooden plows in Mesopotamia enabling first steps to enabling machine-assisted agriculture around 4.000 BCE (V. Smil, 2017) and then the scaling of waterwheels in Greece and Rome civilizations from 100 BCE to 600 CE (V. Smil, 2017) along with following developments of windmills and blast furnaces that preceded the revolutions of steam, mechanical, combustion and electrical machines in recent history, there is one common aspect that has remained true across all civilizations: how humans interact with machines for greater efficiency, effectiveness and ultimately better quality of life. The arrival of information technology in the 20th century transformed that interaction in many ways, starting with a dream of a small shop in Redmond, WA, which vision at its foundation in 1974 was to have a personal computer in every single household of the world and later a company from California bringing mobile phones into everyone's hands, to name a few examples out of many. This citizen-based change quickly expanded to industrial operations and machines that used to be "dumb" for ages suddenly start speaking and telling humans how they feel through basic arrangements of measurement sensors, data historians and visualization technologies. At the moment of development of this paper we are at the end of the first quarter of the 21st century and looking back and reflecting on what has been the most significant development during this period affecting human-machine interaction, it is the author's belief that it is in the field of artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the theory and development of computer systems capable of performing tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages (H.A. Simon, 1996). The goal of AI is to create machines that can perform tasks that would normally require human intelligence. (S. Russell et al., 2016) The power of cognitive and machine learning services, together with rapid advancements in robotics and autonomous systems, will significantly change the way humans interact with machines and subsequently drive impact inflection points on productivity and efficiency. Within the artificial intelligence realm, probably one of the most exciting technological developments of today lies around generative AI, which could be briefly defined as a form of artificial intelligence in which models are trained to generate new original content based on natural language input (learn.microsoft.com). This paper focuses on how artificial intelligence in general and particularly generative AI could transform the human-machine interaction in the oil and gas industry, covering specific examples in the fields of artificial lift and power generation.
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Yukongdi, Pakpadee. "Khao San Dam: The Archaeological Evidence of Burnt Rice Festival in Southern Thailand | ข้าวสารดำา: หลักฐานทางโบราณคดีเกี่ยวกับประเพณีการเผาข้าวในภาคใต้ของ ประเทศไทย." In The SEAMEO SPAFA International Conference on Southeast Asian Archaeology and Fine Arts (SPAFACON2021). SEAMEO SPAFA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26721/spafa.pqcnu8815a-08.

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Recently in 2021the 11th office of the Fine Arts Department, Songkhla has reported their annual excavations in Trang Province that archaeologists have found some set of rice while excavation in process namely,1) Khao Kurum Archaeological Site, Huai Yod District and 2) Napala Archaeological Site, Muang District. The artifacts which were found associated with the rice grains on the habitation layer consisted of potsherds, animal bones, grindstone, beads, etc. The grains of rice are short and brown in colour which is examined as carbonized since the beginning at its first left. The primary examination by archaeologists has classified the rice of Napala Archaeological Site as short grain of probably Orysa sativa (Indica or Aus) rice. AMS Radiocarbon dating by Beta Analytic Testing Laboratory shows the AMS standard results and calibration dating of charred material measured radiocarbon age:1440±30BP. Because of their geographical location, both sites are incredibly located on one side of the hill slope, where they were suitable for habitat and plantation, especially tiny paddy fields and farms with sufficient water supply either small stream or well. The found rice, which now still grows uphill, probably called ‘Khao rai’ needs less water or no marsh. Comparative study of ethnographic “Atong” 1 of 12 sub-tribes of the “Garos” Tibeto-Burman in Meghalaya, India which originated slash-and-burnt socio-groups, have shown an interest in growing rice activity. According to their ritual ceremony for planting of paddy, other grain, and seeds takes place. There are many ritualistic offerings of rice such as (1) flattened rice by asking for permission to cultivate the land from the first harvested paddy in May. (2) After the harvesting in September or October, the 1st ceremony of the agricultural year is a thanksgiving ceremony to mark the end of a period of toil in the fields and harvesting of bumper crops, which is probably the most important festival of the Garos locally called “Maidan syla” meant to celebrate the after-harvested festival or burnt rice festival. Their 2nd ceremony is to revive the monsoon clouds. People throw cooked rice on the floor to symbolize hailstones. Noticing the rice, were probably the assemblage of “Khao San Dam” in many activities of these ceremonies, that is the archaeological evidence found in Khao Kurum and Napala Archaeological Sites. In the Southern part of Thailand, once the crops have already cultivated, people celebrate to welcome their outcrops most probably at the end of September to October and mark their end of plantation before the monsoon come. People prepare 4 main rice desserts put together with other necessity stuffs in the “hmrub” special large containers and donate to the ancestors through Buddhist ceremony. Though archaeological evidence shows that southern peninsular was where the migrants from the west especially India origins, who shared same habitat of hillslope, might brought their different traditions through both land trans-peninsular and sea routes then settled down inner western or eastern coast since prehistoric times. The beliefs in animism might belong to some other western migrants and with having “hmrub” is one of their unique cultural characteristic material and tradition remain. Once they settled down then converged to Buddhism, the ritual ceremony may be changed due to religion, but tradition remains the same today, that is, Bun Duean Sib on the 10th of the lunar month or September-October.
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