Dissertations / Theses: 'Agriculture, prehistoric'

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Jia, Weiming. "Transition from foraging to farming in northeast China." Connect to full text, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/653.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2005.
Title from title screen (viewed 20 May 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.

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Gasperetti, Matthew Alexander. "The bioarchaeology of agriculture in the prehistoric southern Levant." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708181.

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Jones, Brenda M., and n/a. "Digging up data: a reanalysis of so called �horticultural� tools." University of Otago. Department of Anthropology, 1999. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070523.153015.

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Elsdon Best�s 1925 work Maori Agriculture has been influential in New Zealand archaeology impacting on the terminology and assumed functions applied to so called �horticultural� implements retrieved in excavations, as well as those in museums and private collections. This thesis critically examines Best�s horticultural tool classification and the decisions he made with regards to tool function. Ethnographic accounts are investigated in an effort to understand how and why Best selected the terms and functions that he did. The literature review reveals anomalies in the conclusions that Best drew and the morphology of the tools that he described, highlighting the lack of order and confusion surrounding horticultural tool function, terminology and morphology, and prompting a much needed reassessment of horticultural implements. A study of artefacts from New Zealand museums was undertaken with the aim of generating two typologies for so called �horticultural� tools. The artefacts are classified to specific types using specified attributes, and following the classification process, are investigated for metric and non-metric variables that are indicative of the tool�s function. Graphical and basic statistical analyses revealed largely unimodal distributions for the metric attributes recorded for each tool type. Non-metric qualities also displayed a uniformity to their occurrence within the individual types. The data for each type is discussed with regards to tool function, combining the results of the attribute analyses with comparable tool morphologies from other Pacific cultures. The distribution of tool types in prehistoric New Zealand is also investigated in an effort to elucidate tool function. This investigation highlights the artefacts as earth-working implements, disestablishing the restricted horticultural context which for so long has been associated with such tools.

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Peacock, Sandra Leslie. "Putting down roots, the emergence of wild plant food production on the Canadian plateau." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ36647.pdf.

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Heath, Anne-Marie. "Prehistoric settlement and agriculture on the Eastern Moors of the Peak District." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2004. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14483/.

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The project is a study of soil erosion within the cairnfields on the Eastern Moors of Derbyshire. A range of Archaeological features and natural sedimentary sequences were excavated in the search for eroded sediments. The erosion evident at these features was dated by means of radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence dating. Contrary to previous assumptions as to the scale of erosion in later prehistory, which maintain that this was a severe problem, it is concluded that the evidence indicates a low degree of erosion for the Bronze Age. Erosion is concluded to have increased from the Iron Age with the establishment of extensive pasture land.

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Goodale, Nathan B. "Convergence in the neolithic : human population growth at the dawn of agriculture." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2009/N_Goodale_040309.pdf.

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Morais, João Manuel F. "The early farming communities of southern Mozambique : an assessment of new and extant evidence." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:109c9470-855f-4696-906d-61ae770e217b.

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The thesis covers extensive and mostly unpublished archaeological evidence of the early farming communities of southern Mozambique. Environmental patterns and present-day human interactions are assessed, and the potentials of available ethno-historical source materials briefly estimated. The developments, aims and methodologies of the Archaeological Research Programme from 1976 to 1984 are described as providing the first contextual work from which we derive most of our present data. The individual archaeological sites are evaluated within particular physiographic units conformable to location and environmental setting and described accordingly. The archaeological evidence is presented and discussed in relation to associated sites in the region, as well as related to commonly accepted archaeological traditions in southern Africa. An interpretative view of the data is put forward in relation to regional, physical and cultural parameters, and reconstructions of historical entities are suggested by discreet archaeological pottery traditions. An outline of the early farming community economy and organization is proposed. A review of the archaeology of the early farming communities of eastern and southern Africa is presented as providing a comparative frame of reference of overall historical processes of relevance to local developments.

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Cannon, Michael D. "Large mammal resource depression and agricultural intensification : an empirical test in the Mimbres Valley, New Mexico /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6419.

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Dominguez, Steven R. "Assessing the hydrologic functions of prehistoric grid gardens in north central New Mexico /." Ann Arbor (Mich.) : UMI dissertation, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37717947k.

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Hodges, Denise C. "Agricultural intensification and prehistoric health in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico /." Ann Arbor : University of Michigan, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40084747p.

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Kvapil, Lynne A. "The Agricultural Terraces of Korphos-Kalamianos: A Case Study of the Dynamic Relationship Between Land Use and Socio-Political Organization in Prehistoric Greece." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1342106516.

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Temple, Daniel Howard. "Human biological variation during the agricultural transition in prehistoric Japan." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1179521050.

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13

Collins, Shawn K. Pearsall Deborah M. "Prehispanic agriculture and climate on the Pacific slope of Guatemala." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6148.

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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 17, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. Deborah M. Pearsall. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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Russell, Thembi M. "The spatial analysis of radiocarbon databases the spread of the first farmers in Europe and of the fat-tailed sheep in Southern Africa /." Oxford : Archaeopress, 2004. http://books.google.com/books?id=Vi9mAAAAMAAJ.

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Atahan, Pia. "Early agriculture and holocene environments in the Yangtze river delta, China." University of Western Australia. School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0022.

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[Truncated abstract] Environmental changes have had major impacts on past human societies across the globe, and a better understanding of this human-environment interaction is necessary for building societies with resilience towards future environmental change, and to effectively conserve areas of natural environments into the future. Regions such as the Yangtze delta, that have a long history of rice cultivation (dating to at least ca. 7000 BP) and a high density of prehistoric sites, provide an ideal backdrop to study both long-term human-environment interactions, and the environmental impacts of agricultural societies. This study aims to provide Holocene palaeoenvironmental reconstructions for three study sites in the Yangtze delta region, with the principle objectives of detecting human activity particularly that associated with the development of rice agriculture and identifying environmental changes within the palaeoenvironmental records. A parallel aim is to develop the use of quantitative biomarker and compound specific isotope analyses in Holocene palaeoenvironmental investigations, including in the detection of early agricultural environments, through analysis of sedimentary deposits. Palaeoenvironmental records for the three study sites, Qingpu, Guangfulin and Liangzhu, cover the time period from ca. 12,000 to ca. 400 BP. '...' Greater proportions of coniferous and deciduous taxa early in the records (prior to ca. 7000 BP) indicate comparatively cooler conditions, while the increased abundance of Chenopodiaceae during that time suggests both cooler conditions and a greater marine influence in the region. Palaeoenvironmental data obtained during this study suggest agriculture in the delta region to have gradually increased in importance from ca. 7000 2400 BP. The Guangfulin study site yielded the earliest evidence of agricultural activity, dating to ca. 7000 BP, principally in the form of a corresponding increase in Poaceae (Oryza comp.) abundance and decline of arboreal forest taxa. Subsequent periods of agricultural intensification are noted at ca. 5360 BP at Liangzhu and ca. 4700 BP at Guangfulin. Following the final period of intensification at Qingpu and Guangfulin (ca. 2400 BP), the extent of cultivated land in the delta region may have been comparable to modern times. Technological development during the early dynasties, particularly the greater availability of iron tools, is likely to have been a major factor driving the agricultural intensification detected ca. 2400 BP. The large tracts of natural vegetation detected by this research prior to ca. 2400 BP, would have afforded a degree of resilience to the human inhabitants of the delta region. Following the contraction of natural vegetation in the delta region, societies would have gained some resilience through access to the extensive trade network of the Chinese state. Resilience acquired through these means may, in part, account for the longevity of agricultural societies in the Yangtze delta region of China.

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Gardiner, Paula Judy. "The Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in south west England." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/a1034199-f5d8-43e8-8651-f81d79f4551e.

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Chen, Shengqian. "Adaptive changes of prehistoric hunter-gatherers during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition in China." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 2004. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url%5Fver=Z39.88-2004&rft%5Fval%5Ffmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res%5Fdat=xri:pqdiss&rft%5Fdat=xri:pqdiss:3137869.

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Thesis (Ph.D. in Anthropology)--S.M.U.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 65-06, Section: A, page: 2250. Advisers: Fred Wendorf; Lewis Binford. Includes bibliographical references.

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Servera, Vives Gabriel. "Evolución del paisaje holoceno y movilidad de las prácticas humanas en el Mont Lozère (Macizo Central, Francia): estudio paleoambiental multi-proxy a alta resolución espaciotemporal = Dynamique holocène du paysage et mobilités des pratiques territoriales au mont Lozère (Massif central, France) : approche paléoenvironnementale multi-indicateurs à haute résolution spatio-temporelle." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671884.

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Se han estudiado cinco secuencias sedimentarias en el Mont Lozère con el objetivo de reconstruir la dinámica paisajística y los usos del suelo en la longue durée. La utilización de un análisis multiproxy ha permitido determinar los principales ritmos de antropización y establecer su carácter regional y/o local. La alta resolución espacial, cronológica y analítica ha permitido la integración de resultados con aquellos obtenidos en el marco del PCR-Mont Lozère y proponer los usos de la montaña que han modelado el paisaje cultural desde el Neolítico hasta la actualidad. Se ha evidenciado una larga historia de las interacciones socioambientales en el Mont Lozère, con una primera fase de carácter agropastoral en el Neolítico Antiguo, en ca. 4550-4400 cal BC. El Neolítico Final es una fase de marcado impacto agropastoral en la que se generalizan las quemas para abrir claros en el bosque. En la Edad del Hierro se inicia una marcada deforestación en el piedemonte y los espacios de altitud, coincidiendo con un desarrollo agropastoral y metalúrgico. En el periodo altomedieval se amplifican las deforestaciones coincidiendo con un marcado incremento de las actividades agropastorales. En la Plena Edad Media se evidencia un sistema diversificado que implica metalurgia, agricultura, pastoreo, minería y carboneo. El desarrollo agropastoral de la Baja Edad Media supone una marcada deforestación en el macizo que se extiende hasta mitad del s. XIX, momento en que se inicia el declive del agropastoralismo y empiezan las reforestaciones en el Mont Lozère. La historia de las formaciones herbosas con Nardus stricta de los espacios somitales sigue estas principales fases de antropización y revela el papel clave del agropastoralismo en la génesis y evolución de este paisaje cultural.
Five sedimentary sequences have been studied in the Mont Lozère with the aim to reconstruct the landscape dynamics and the land-use through the longue durée. The use of a multi-proxy analysis has allowed us both to identify distinct rhythms of human-induced landscape shift and to establish the local/regional extent of these changes. The use of high spatial, chronological and analytical resolution has enabled a correct integration of the results of this research with those supplied by the PCR-Mont Lozère project. As a result, a series of land-uses in a mountain environment from the Neolithic to present time has been proposed. A long history of socio-environmental interactions in Mont-Lozère is evidenced. A first shepherding phase in Early Neolithic (4550-4400 cal BC) has been evidenced. During Late Neolithic pastoral practices and related slash-and-burn strategies attain its highest activity. In the Iron Age Period a noticeable deforestation of both foothills and higher environments takes place as a consequence of the overall increase farming and metallurgical activities. Forest clearances increase even more during High-Medieval times, at the same time that farming activities reinforce. During the Middle Ages a more complex and diversified land-use system, including farming, metallurgy, mining and charcoal production, is recorded. The development of farming activities in the Late Medieval resulted in a more evident forest clearance of the Massif. This area remained unchanged until the 19th century, when the decay of agriculture and shepherding occurs and forest replanting in Mont Lozère is recorded. The history of highland herb communities of Nardus stricta correctly matches the main phases of land-use and underlines the key-role of farming in the genesis and evolution of this cultural landscape.

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Szuter, Christine Rose. "Hunting by prehistoric horticulturalists in the American Southwest." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184739.

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Hunting by horticulturalists in the Southwest examines the impact of horticulture on hunting behavior and animal exploitation among late Archaic and Hohokam Indians in south-central Arizona. A model incorporating ecological and ethnographic data discusses the impact horticulturalists had on the environment and the ways in which that impact affected other aspects of subsistence, specifically hunting behavior. The model is then evaluated using a regional faunal data base from Archaic and Hohokam sites. Five major patterns supporting the model are observed: (1) a reliance on small and medium-sized mammals as sources of animal protein, (2) the use of rodents as food, (3) the differential reliance on cottontails (Sylvilagus) and jack rabbits (Lepus) at Hohokam farmsteads versus villages, (4) the relative decrease in the exploitation of cottontails versus jack rabbits as a Hohokam site was occupied through time, and (5) the recovery contexts of artiodactyl remains, which indicate their ritual and tool use as well as for food.

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Lee, Heejin. "The agricultural land use dynamics associated with the advent of paddy rice cultivation in Bronze Age South Korea." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609636.

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Pechenkina, Ekaterina A. "Diet and health changes among the millet growing farmers of northern China in prehistory /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3075414.

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Jia, Wei Ming. "Transition from foraging to farming in northeast China." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/653.

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This thesis is using a framework to analyse the process of transition from foraging to farming in northeast China. Tool complexes analysis is the particular method used to retreive prehistoric economies. Based on the result of these case studies about prehistoric economies in northeast China, this thesis attemp to apply the availability model of transition to farming in northern Europe, proposed by Zvelebil and Rowley-Convy, in the new area northeast China. The result of this research has implicated that the transition to farming in prehistory is the result of the interaction between human societies and environment. among many factors in this interaction, the motivation that prehistoric societies choosing agriculture economy to meet social, political and economic needs would have to be the major one leading to the transition occurred.

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Jia, Wei Ming. "Transition from foraging to farming in northeast China." University of Sydney. Philosophical & history enquries, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/653.

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This thesis is using a framework to analyse the process of transition from foraging to farming in northeast China. Tool complexes analysis is the particular method used to retreive prehistoric economies. Based on the result of these case studies about prehistoric economies in northeast China, this thesis attemp to apply the availability model of transition to farming in northern Europe, proposed by Zvelebil and Rowley-Convy, in the new area northeast China. The result of this research has implicated that the transition to farming in prehistory is the result of the interaction between human societies and environment. among many factors in this interaction, the motivation that prehistoric societies choosing agriculture economy to meet social, political and economic needs would have to be the major one leading to the transition occurred.

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FARNAND, DANICA MARIE. "ORIGINS AND FORMATION HISTORIES OF PREHISTORIC TERRACES OF THE MEDICINAL TRAIL SITE, NORTHWESTERN BELIZE." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1029441794.

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Castillo, C. "The archaeobotany of Khao Sam Kaeo and Phu Khao Thong : the agriculture of Late Prehistoric Southern Thailand." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10062869/.

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The Thai-Malay Peninsula lies at the heart of Southeast Asia. Geographically, the narrowest point is forty kilometres and forms a barrier against straightforward navigation from the Indian Ocean to the South China Sea and vice versa. This would have either led vessels to cabotage the southernmost part of the peninsula or portage across the peninsula to avoid circumnavigating. The peninsula made easy crossing points strategic locations commercially and politically. Early movements of people along exchange routes would have required areas for rest, ports, repair of boats and replenishment of goods. These feeder stations may have grown to become entrepôts and urban centres. This study investigates the archaeobotany of two sites in the Thai-Malay Peninsula, Khao Sam Kaeo (KSK) and Phu Khao Thong (PKT). KSK is located on the east whereas PKT lies on the west of the peninsula and both date to the Late Prehistoric period (ca. 400-100 BC). KSK has been identified as the earliest urban site from the Late Prehistoric period in Southeast Asia engaged in trans-Asiatic exchange networks. There is evidence of craft specialisation and material culture that links the site to India, China and the rest of Southeast Asia. PKT has similar material culture as KSK. The purpose of examining the archaeobotanical results from KSK is to add to the understanding of how an early urban site with an active exchange network and specialised craft production would have supported itself. The results provide insights into exchanged foodstuffs and the agricultural base that sustained the different communities at KSK: the local population, temporary settlers and transient voyagers. The archaeobotany of Khao Sam Kaeo is compared to the contemporaneous site PKT. PKT lies closer to the Indian Ocean and has more Indian domesticates in the assemblage.

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Waffen, Chad. "Ohio’s Prehistoric Settlement Patterns in the Western Basin of Lake Erie During the Transitional Late Woodland and Late Prehistoric Periods (750AD-1450AD): A GIS Analysis." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1321982660.

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Shapiro, Craig Harris. "The Function of Prehistoric Agricultural Systems in Sāmoa: A GIS Analysis of Resilience to Flooding." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1587471401529248.

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Pena-Chocarro, Maria Leonor. "Prehistoric agriculture in south east Spain during the Neolithic and the Bronze Age periods : an application of ethnographic models." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307378.

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Vanbuskirk, Stephanie. "Alluvial stratigraphy and soil formation at Cox Ranch Pueblo, New Mexico." Online access for everyone, 2004. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2004/s%5Fvanbuskirk%5F120904.pdf.

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Wozniak, Joan Alice. "Exploring landscapes on Easter Island (Rapanui) with geoarchaeological studies : settlement, subsistence, and environmental changes /." view abstract or download file of text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3113031.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 689-733). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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Turner, Valerie Erica. "Location, form and function in Shetland's prehistoric field systems." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/12660.

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Shetland boasts exceptionally well-preserved, but largely overlooked, field systems spanning a period of approximately 4000 years (Neolithic/Bronze Age – Viking/Norse). These have the potential to vastly increase our understanding of past agricultural practices and life styles. This study uses topographical survey, Shape Analysis, GIS, soil survey and micromorphology to answer questions relating to their location, form and function/management, pioneering the use of new tools and testing current models. An holistic landscape approach to the field systems is developed and tested against a multi-period site. Previously unknown types and periods of field systems are identified through survey and shape analysis, tools demonstrated to be valuable in refining the emerging model of field classification. GIS has illuminated pre-, during and post- construction factors influencing boundary form. New insights into location arise from the survey and GIS. Soils work has demonstrated that existing models of soil management over-simplify a complex situation, that thin acidic soils retain cultural information and that accretion was important to the sustainability of these peaty soils. While soils were sustainable over extended periods, the cultural inheritance of managed land appears to be limited. This thesis therefore presents the most holistic and comprehensive understanding of Shetland field systems which has so far been attempted.

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Brown, Andrew D. "Looking Outward from the Village: The Contingencies of Soil Moisture on the Prehistoric Farmed Landscape near Goodman Point Pueblo." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc862755/.

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Ancestral Pueblo communities of the central Mesa Verde region (CMVR) became increasingly reliant on agriculture for their subsistence needs during Basketmaker III (BMIII) through Terminal Pueblo III (TPIII) (AD 600–1300) periods. Researchers have been studying the Ancestral Pueblo people for over a century using a variety of methods to understand the relationships between climate, agriculture, population, and settlement patterns. While these methods and research have produced a well-developed cultural history of the region, studies at a smaller scale are still needed to understand the changes in farming behavior and the distribution of individual sites across the CMVR. Soil moisture is the limiting factor for crop growth in the semi-arid region of the Goodman Watershed in the CMVR. Thus, I constructed the soil moisture proxy model (SMPM) that is on a local scale and focuses on variables relevant to soil moisture – soil particle-size, soil depth, slope, and aspect. From the SMPM output, the areas of very high soil moisture are assumed to represent desirable farmland locations. I describe the relationship between very high soil moisture and site locations, then I infer the relevance of that relationship to settlement patterns and how those patterns changed over time (BMIII – TPIII). The results of the model and its application help to clarify how Ancestral Pueblo people changed as local farming communities. The results of this study indicates that farmers shifted away from use of preferred farmland during Terminal Pueblo III, which may have been caused by other cultural factors. The general outcome of this thesis is an improved understanding of human-environmental relationships on the local landscape in the CMVR.

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Kashyap, Arunima. "Use wear and starch grain analysis an integrated approach to understanding the transition from hunting gathering to food production at Bagor, Rajasthan, India /." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2006.

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Croucher, K. "Tactile engagements: the world of the dead in the lives of the living... or 'sharing the dead'." Ex Oriente, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5802.

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Van, Der Stede Véronique. "Les pratiques de stockage au Proche-Orient du Natoufien au Dynastique Archaïque I (12.500 - 2700 av. J.-C.)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211379.

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Crosby, Victoria Mary. "Agricultural change in later prehistoric and Roman Britain." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1989. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/413914/.

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This thesis has the dual aim of examining the agriculture of the later prehistoric and Romano-British period and investigating the ways in which agricultural systems and agricultural change can be described and explained in an archaeological context. It is argued that a broader approach will enable more useful information to be extracted from the increasing volume of data available. An eight part framework is used as the basis for a discussion of some classes of evidence for agriculture. The framework encompasses socio-economic factors as well as aspects of agricultural practice. It is argued that an agricultural system is defined by its organisation as much as its practices, and that it can only be understood in its socio-economic context. Conversely, agriculture discussed in this way becomes a source of information on social, economic and political organisation. Patterns of change are identified, and it is suggested that the essentially static picture of later prehistoric agriculture prevalent in much of the literature is erroneous and hinders understanding. The areas of fertility maintenance and the organisation of land use are particularly emphasised. The use of historical and experimental data to estimate productivity of past agricultural systems is discussed. Problems in drawing social inferences from the remains of agricultural activity are considered, and it is suggested that considering the organisation of agriculture as an element in a society provides a key to these difficulties. Some relationships between agricultural and social organisation in the Iron Age are suggested.

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Alonso, Natàlia. "Agricultura a la plana occidental catalana durant la protohistòria." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8219.

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Hamilton, Julie. "Isotopes in the landscape : carbon and nitrogen isotopes of domestic animals and their application to the archaeology of the Upper and Middle Thames Valley in the Neolithic to Roman periods." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:948287d6-a930-41ad-951b-8fe865e96002.

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This thesis deals with the development of farming landscapes in the Thames Valley from the Neolithic to the Roman period (4000 BCE - 410 CE). The focus is on the major domestic animal species, cattle, sheep and pig, and their roles in the agroecosystem, traced using carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios measured in collagen. The large dataset of faunal isotope values from a limited area, obtained from sites with extensive archaeological and environmental information, allowed a thorough characterisation of variability in isotope values, within and between species, sites, archaeological periods, and landscape regions. Isotope ratios in a flock of modern sheep showed less variability than archaeological assemblages. Linear mixed models were used to analyse variation in isotope values in 1490 archaeological samples from 23 sites. The pattern of change over time differed for cattle, sheep and pig, reflecting both wide-scale environmental change and changes in animal management. d13C values of cattle and pigs reflected the loss of primary closed-canopy woodland. Pig management changed from an emphasis on woodland resources to a closer association with settlement and consumption of anthropogenic waste. Herbivore d15N values probably reflect variations in the intensity of pasture use and association with arable farming. Climatic cooling since the post-glacial thermal maximum cannot explain these varied trajectories of change. Variation between sites in faunal isotope values was related to landscape regions. Faunal isotope values at individual sites were useful in site interpretation in the context of other evidence. The trend in pig and cattle δ13C values with time was widely found in the UK, as expected if it represents forest clearance. In the Neolithic, cattle management was similar to the UK at central and eastern European Neolithic sites, but pig management was different. Patterns of faunal isotope values and their changes over time, analysed in the context of archaeological and environmental information, can contribute to the interpretation of sites, and give a unique perspective on changes in farming practice and their effects on the landscape.

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Doolittle, William E. "Pre-Hispanic Occupance in the Valley of Sonora, Mexico: Archaeological Confirmations of Early Spanish Reports." University of Arizona Press (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/582060.

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Stewart, Carlyn Celeste. "Examining Agricultural Prehistoric Land Use Patterns Based on Soil Analysis in Petrified Forest National Park." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/579021.

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A geoarchaeological study was conducted at Petrified Forest National Park to investigate prehistoric land use of the area by relating cultural deposits to Holocene environments. The field site may have been used for agriculture. The soil properties of five different micro-environments including a sand dune swale, the edge of a modern wash, a floodplain, a sand dune, and a sloping fan off of a mesa within this area were compared to see what types of prehistoric agricultural methods may have been successful within Petrified Forest and where they were used. Basic field methods included augering and in-field soil analysis of physical properties. The augering resulted in reconstruction of the stratigraphic sequence in the study site. The results concluded that the sediment from the sand dune swale exhibited all the properties necessary to successfully utilize the area for dune agriculture, a common method used by the Ancient Puebloans in arid environments, though other methods and areas were likely used as well.

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Mabry, Jonathan Blum. "Alluvial cycles and early agricultural settlement phases in the Jordan Valley." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186086.

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The parallel development of archaeology and Quaternary geology in several regions of the world is reviewed, and common problems in dating and correlating alluvial sequences are discussed. Buried archaeological remains and radiometric dates provide a chronological framework for the sequence of Late Quaternary alluvial deposits in the central Jordan Rift. While previous studies emphasized a simple, two-stage model of Late Quaternary alluvial deposition, regional comparisons of the geomorphological contexts of archaeological sites of different ages indicate complex, multiple depositional and erosional cycles. These cycles were influenced by tectonism, climatic changes, human land use, and natural geomorphic thresholds, sometimes in combination. The stratigraphy and chronology of early agricultural settlements in the valley are summarized, and investigations at a protohistoric agricultural town are described. Major regional shifts in prehistoric and protohistoric patterns of agriculture and settlement are interpreted in terms of the impacts of changes in alluvial regimes. These correlations have implications for models of agricultural origins, and the stability and resilience of sedentary settlements in dry lands.

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Buurman, Janneke. "The Eastern part of West-Friesland in later Prehistory : agricultural and environmental aspects /." [Leiden] : J. Buurman, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb361941474.

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Rovira, Buendía Núria. "Agricultura y gestión de los recursos vegetales en el sureste de la península ibérica durante la prehistoria reciente." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7468.

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Los principales temas de investigación abordados en este trabajo se refieren a la gestión de los recursos vegetales por parte de las comunidades del Sureste de la península Ibérica, desde finales del Neolítico antiguo hasta el Bronce final, a través del estudio inédito de los restos de semillas y frutos arqueológicos documentados en Los Castillejos (Montefrío, Granada), Las Pilas/Huerta Seca (Mojácar, Almería), Castellón Alto (Galera, Granada) y San Miguel Bajo/Calle Concepción (Guadix, Granada).
La agricultura es la principal práctica económica documentada durante toda la secuencia estudiada, mientras que la recolección parece ser complementaria. Las principales especies cultivadas pertenecen al grupo de los cereales (cebada desnuda y vestida, trigo común/duro, escaña, escanda menor y mijo), de las leguminosas (habas, guisantes y arvejas) y de las oleaginosas (lino y probablemente adormidera). El cultivo de frutos (higos y quizás acebuchinas) ha sido planteado a partir de inicios del Calcolítico en algunas áreas geográficas.
The main research subjects discussed in this work are about the exploitation of vegetable resources by the communities of the Southeast of the Iberian Peninsula, from the end of the Early Neolithic to the Final Bronze Age, through the unpublished analysis of the plant remains (archaeological seeds and fruits) found in Los Castillejos (Montefrío, Granada), Las Pilas/Huerta Seca (Mojácar, Almería), Castellón Alto (Galera, Granada) and San Miguel Bajo/Calle Concepción (Guadix, Granada).
Agriculture is the main economical practice attested during the whole studied sequence, while gathering appears to be complementary. The main cultivated species are cereals (naked and hulled barley, free-threshing wheats, einkorn wheat, emmer wheat and millet), pulses (faba beans, peas and grass peas) and oil plants (flax and probably poppy). The cultivation of fruits (figs and maybe wild olives) has been suggested for the beginnings of the Cupper Age in some geographical areas.

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Burguet, Coca Aitor. "El fuego en la Prehistoria. Una aproximación arqueo-experimental al registro piroarqueológico a través de la microarqueología." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671874.

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L'objectiu d'aquesta Tesi Doctoral és la investigació de foc en diversos contextos arqueològics prehistòrics de la península Ibèrica, així com la seva aproximació mitjançant contextos experimentals. Els contextos arqueològics inclosos en aquesta tesi són Cova Gran de Santa Linya (les Avellanes-Santa Linya, Lleida) i El Mirador (Atapuerca, Burgos) amb una cronologia que engloba des del Paleolític mitjà fins a l'Edat del Bronze. D'aquests jaciments arqueològics hem analitzat el registre piroarqueològic conservat format per fogars plans i en cubeta per a les seqüències Paleolítiques estudiades i per episodis de combustió d'excrements en el cas dels registres pertanyents a la prehistòria recent. Paral·lelament, hem desenvolupat programes experimentals vinculats amb els diferents contextos analitzats per proporcionar un marc referencial als resultats arqueològics i als fenòmens observats. Això ens ha permès aportar una major robustesa a les interpretacions dels conjunts arqueològics. La metodologia utilitzada es basa en l'aplicació de tècniques microarqueològiques, principalment l'anàlisi de fitòlits, per poder caracteritzar el registre botànic dels conjunts arqueològics, així com l'Espectrometria d'Infrarojos per Transformada de Fourier (FTIR) per caracteritzar la combustió a través de l'estudi dels minerals. A més, per als contextos més recents també s'han analitzat els conjunts d'esferòlits, marcadors d'estabulació d'animals i s'han aplicat altres tècniques mineralògiques com la DRX o l'ús de la microanàlisi elemental mitjançant l'ESEM. Aquesta tesi doctoral demostra que les disciplines microarqueològiques utilitzades són vàlides per a investigar els sistemes de vida prehistòrics des d'una perspectiva transversal i prenent com a referència el registre piroarqueològic que aquests grups generaven.
El objetivo de esta Tesis Doctoral es la investigación del fuego en varios contextos arqueológicos prehistóricos de la Península Ibérica, así como su aproximación mediante contextos experimentales. Los contextos arqueológicos incluidos en esta tesis son Cova Gran de Santa Linya (Les Avellanes-Santa Linya, Lleida) y El Mirador (Atapuerca, Burgos) con una cronología que abarca desde el Paleolítico medio hasta la Edad del Bronce. De estos yacimientos arqueológicos hemos analizado el registro piroarqueológico conservado formado por hogares planos y en cubeta para las secuencias Paleolíticas estudiadas y por episodios de combustión de excrementos en el caso de los registros pertenecientes a la prehistoria reciente. Paralelamente, hemos desarrollado programas experimentales vinculados con los diferentes contextos analizados para proporcionar un marco referencial a los resultados arqueológicos y a los fenómenos observados. Esto nos ha permitido aportar una mayor robustez a las interpretaciones de los conjuntos arqueológicos. La metodología utilizada se basa en la aplicación de técnicas microarqueológicas, principalmente el análisis de fitolitos, para poder caracterizar el registro botánico de los conjuntos arqueológicos, así como la Espectrometría de Infrarrojos por Transformada de Fourier (FTIR) para caracterizar la combustión a través del estudio de los minerales. Además, para los contextos más recientes también se han analizado los conjuntos de esferulitas, marcadores de estabulación de animales y se han aplicado otras técnicas mineralógicas como la DRX o el uso del microanálisis elemental mediante el ESEM. esta tesis doctoral demuestra que las disciplinas microarqueológicas utilizadas son válidas para investigar los sistemas de vida prehistóricos desde una perspectiva transversal y tomando como referencia el registro piroarqueológicos que estos grupos generaban.
The goal of this Doctoral Thesis is the investigation of fire in various prehistoric archaeological contexts of the Iberian Peninsula, as well as its approach through experimental contexts. The archaeological contexts included in this thesis are Cova Gran de Santa Linya (Les Avellanes-Santa Linya, Lleida) and El Mirador (Atapuerca, Burgos) with a chronology that ranges from the Middle Paleolithic to the Bronze Age. From these archaeological sites, we have analyzed the preserved pyroarchaeological record formed by flat and pit hearths from the Paleolithic sequences studied and by episodes of dung combustion in the case of records belonging to the Late Prehistory. At the same time, we have developed experimental programs linked to the different contexts analyzed to provide a referential framework to the archaeological results and the observed phenomena. These experiments have allowed to strengthen the interpretations on the archaeological assemblages. The methodology used is based on the application of microarchaeological techniques, mainly the analysis of phytoliths to characterize the botanical record and the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to characterize combustion through the study of minerals. Besides, for the recent contexts, spherulite assemblages, animal pen markers, have also been analyzed, and other mineralogical techniques such as XRD or the use of elemental microanalysis have been applied using ESEM. This Doctoral Thesis shows that the microarchaeological disciplines used are valid for investigating prehistoric style-life from a transversal perspective and taking as reference the pyroarchaeological record that these groups generated.

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Wykes, Richard Ambrey. "Prehistoric agricultural landscapes : the limestone region of the South West in the counties of Somerset, West Wiltshire and Gloucestershire." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396692.

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Weiland, Andrew W. "Marshelder (Iva annua L.) Seed Morphology and Patterns of Domestication in Eastern North America." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1365684474.

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Gantley, Michael John. "The rites of spring : a cognitive analysis of ritual activity in the agricultural transition in south-west Asia and north-western Europe." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e84a90b0-5fba-4841-96af-b17c56d1ebd4.

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What cognitive and cultural mechanisms facilitated the agricultural transition? In this thesis, I evaluated the hypothesis that ritual action involving large groups of people meeting regularly created a significant sense of collective purpose to bring about the social cohesion necessary for agriculture. I test this hypothesis against the archaeological record in two distinct regions: south west Asia and north-western Europe. Following Whitehouse's (2000) Modes of Religiosity theory, I show that the agricultural transition in both regions is connected with a shift from an imagistic to an increasingly doctrinal mode of religious behaviour. This result is important because it brings together insights from the prehistoric archaeology and cognitive anthropology to generate new knowledge about the agricultural transition.

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Howcroft, Rachel. "Weaned Upon A Time : Studies of the Infant Diet in Prehistory." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antikens kultur, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-88237.

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This thesis is concerned with how prehistoric infants were fed in different physical and cultural environments, and in particular what impact the economic, social, and epidemiological changes associated with the development of agriculture had on infant feeding practices. In order to examine these effects, stable isotope ratio analysis has been used to assess the duration of breastfeeding and weaning in a variety of prehistoric contexts. The first study is of Pitted Ware Culture hunter-gatherers at the site of Ajvide on Gotland, Sweden. Breastfeeding usually continued for at least two years, but there was some variation in supplementary foods, which is attributed to seasonal variations in resource availability. The second study analysed a number of Neolithic and early Bronze Age sites from south-east Poland. Breastfeeding duration varied both within and between sites and ranged from six months to five years. The third study found that the infant feeding practices of two Iron Age populations on Öland, Sweden, were very varied, and infants may have been fed differently depending on their social status. The fourth study is of the childhood diet in the Únětice Culture of south-west Poland. Individual diets changed little during the lifetime, suggesting that eventual adult identity was determined early in life. A small number of infants in the study were found to have breastfed for differing lengths of time. The final paper considers the health consequences of introducing animal milks into the infant diet in a prehistoric context, and finds that their availability is unlikely to have made it possible to safely wean infants earlier. Comparison of the results from the four stable isotope studies to those of other published studies reveals that the modal age at the end of weaning was slightly lower in agricultural communities than hunter-gatherer communities, but the range of ages was similar. Weaning prior to the age of eighteen months was rare before the post-medieval period. It is argued that the gradual reduction in breastfeeding duration since the Neolithic, and the replacement of breastmilk with animal milk products, means that on the whole the development of agriculture probably served to increase infant morbidity and mortality.

At the time of doctoral defense the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Manuscript; Paper 4: Accepted; Paper 5: Forthcoming 2014

Lactase Persistence and the early Cultural History of Europe (LeCHE)

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Ouzoulias, Pierre. "L'économie agraire de la Gaule : aperçus historiographiques et perspectives archéologiques." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011567.

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Le premier objectif de ce travail est de soumettre à un examen certains des concepts autour desquels l'archéologie rurale gallo-romaine s'est progressivement construite. Sans chercher l'exhaustivité, cette analyse historiographique s'organise autour de quelques thèmes qui ont été choisis parce qu'ils conservent une relative actualité et qu'ils expliquent des orientations actuelles de la discipline. Ainsi, une attention a été portée aux échanges qui ont marqué, aux XVIIIe et XIXe s., l'émergence de l'analyse économique et l'essor d'une nouvelle histoire agraire de Rome et de la Gaule. Il est apparu que les questions relatives aux conséquences de la conquête de la Gaule et de son envahissement à la fin de l'Antiquité étaient indissociables des débats sur l'État, l'origine des nations européennes, l'individu dans la société et le sens de l'histoire. Enfin, cette étude a été l'occasion de s'interroger sur les conditions d'émergence de l'archéologie gallo-romaine et de réfléchir à ses rapports épistémologiques avec la discipline historique.Le dernier chapitre est consacré à une analyse théorique du fonctionnement de la petite exploitation familiale et de l'entreprise agricole, notamment en identifiant les contraintes que leur impose l'utilisation de la main-d'œuvre. Il est proposé de renoncer à la vision traditionnelle qui tend à considérer la villa et l'exploitation familiale comme les représentants de deux modes antagonistes de la mise en valeur des sols pour promouvoir une archéologie soucieuse d'appréhender globalement les campagnes en essayant de restituer leur variété et de comprendre les interactions multiples qui lient leurs différentes composantes.

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Toulemonde, Françoise. "Economie végétale et pratiques agricoles au Bronze final et au premier âge du Fer, de la côte de l'Île-de-France à la côte de Champagne." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00998139.

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Les âges du Bronze final et du premier Fer constituent, pour la Champagne, une phase d'expansion des installations humaines. C'est également au Bronze final que se généralise, à l'échelle européenne, l'adoption de nouvelles plantes cultivées, les millets, l'épeautre, l'ers, la féverole et la caméline. L'étude carpologique de 21 sites localisés dans la Plaine de Troyes, le Pays remois et la Bassée, livre des informations sur l'agriculture qui accompagne cette expansion, et sur la façon dont elle intègre les changements observés à l'échelle européenne. Dès le début du Bronze final, une agriculture diversifiée est en place. Elle inclue les nouvelles plantes, qui prennent une part importante aux productions régionales basées sur l'orge vêtue, le millet commun, et les blés vêtus, dont l'épeautre et le "new" glume wheat, blé jusqu'alors inconnu en France. La lentille, l'ers et la caméline jouent un rôle notable, complémentaire à celui des céréales. L'agriculture est stable pendant les 9 siècles étudiés. Les parcelles sont cultivées de manière permanente et plutôt intensive, sans baisse de la fertilité des sols. Une expansion des espaces pâturés est probable au cours du premier âge du Fer, peut-être sous forme de jachères. Les systèmes de culture semblent capables de répondre aux besoins de subsistance et de se perpétuer. Des pratiques sociales de repas collectifs sont attestées. Les différences qui existent entre les productions végétales, selon les secteurs géographiques, peuvent être liées aux contraintes du milieu, ou à certaines affinités culturelles.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Agriculture, prehistoric'

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