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Journal articles on the topic 'Agriculture – Saudi Arabia – Ṭāʼif Region'
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1
Alharbi, Abdulaziz B. "Quality Assessment of Groundwater for Agriculture in the Hail Region, Saudi Arabia." Alexandria Science Exchange Journal 41, no. 4 (September 30, 2020): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2020.115129.
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Mallick, Javed, Chander Kumar Singh, Mohammed K. AlMesfer, Vijay P. Singh, and Majed Alsubih. "Groundwater Quality Studies in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Prevalent Research and Management Dimensions." Water 13, no. 9 (April 30, 2021): 1266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13091266.
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Groundwater is a valuable resource because it is widely used for drinking, and for domestic, agricultural, and industrial purposes. Globally, Saudi Arabia is known to be one of the driest regions with scarce water resources. The shallow groundwater near the major cities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is becoming polluted because of industrial effluent discharge, use of fertilizers in agriculture and domestic sewerage in the region. This review tries to focus on groundwater quality problems due to anthropogenic or geogenic sources in the region of Saudi Arabia. In this paper, we focus on different water-quality variables, for groundwater quality evaluation and aquifer vulnerability assessment due to pollutants/contaminants present in groundwater. The current study gives a holistic understanding of different groundwater quality problems and therefore identifies the gaps of the previous studies and identifies the viewpoints of the future research dimensions. We describe the different groundwater quality problems related to toxicities of the fluoride, nitrate, and heavy metals and radionuclides in Saudi Arabia. A majority of the groundwater pollutants are of natural origin, but there is significant wastewater effluent discharge in the region that is also responsible for contamination of aquifers with heavy metals.
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Alotaibi, Bader Alhafi, Edgar Yoder, and Hazem S. Kassem. "Extension Agents’ Perceptions of the Role of Extension Services in Organic Agriculture: A Case Study from Saudi Arabia." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 27, 2021): 4880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094880.
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Extension services (ES) play a crucial role in addressing the various needs of organic farmers and little is known about the extension agents’ (EA’s) perceptions of organic agriculture and the role of ES in organic agriculture. This study investigated EA’s perceptions of the role of ES in organic agriculture. Data were collected via a questionnaire, which was sent electronically to all enlisted extension agents in Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia. In total, 69 extension agents completed the questionnaire, representing a 54% response rate. Overall, extension agents had slightly positive attitudes toward organic farming but were unsure about their role and participation in this. Furthermore, their perceptions of the role of ES in organic agriculture significantly varied according to their age, work experience in organic agriculture, and education level. These findings have implications for the design of future training programs for the professional development of extension agents and will enable planners, policy makers, and related ministries to devise viable and workable policies and plans that truly reflect the concerns and challenges of extension agents and consider the skills of extension agents that need to be improved. This research will also have positive implications for the national organic agriculture policy, as it provides research-based information on the actual players in the farming systems of Saudi Arabia.
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Smirnov, V., and A. Levanov. "The State of the Farm Sector of Agriculture in Russia." Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, no. 4 (April 15, 2021): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/65/10.
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The article presents an analysis of the dynamics of the agricultural sector of the Russian economy. The priority directions of development of the main segments of the agricultural economy are studied. Data on the import and export of grain crops are presented. The leading regions in the gross harvest of grain and leguminous crops in 2020 are the Rostov Region and the Krasnodar Territory. The basis of cereal exports is wheat, its share in the total volume in 2020 amounted to 79.1%. The largest buyer of Russian barley (46.7%) is Saudi Arabia, corn is Turkey and Vietnam.
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Khan, Munawwar A., and Shams T. Khan. "Microbial communities and their predictive functional profiles in the arid soil of Saudi Arabia." SOIL 6, no. 2 (October 22, 2020): 513–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-513-2020.
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Abstract. Saudi Arabia has the world's fifth-largest desert and is the biggest importer of food and agricultural products. Understanding soil microbial communities is key to improving the agricultural potential of the region. Therefore, soil microbial communities of the semiarid region of Abha, known for agriculture, and arid regions of Hafar Al Batin and Muzahmiya were studied using Illumina sequencing. The results show that the microbial communities of the Saudi desert were characterized by the presence of high numbers of Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes. In addition to Sahara desert signature phyla like Gemmatimonadetes, biogeochemically important microorganisms like primary producers, nitrogen fixers and ammonia oxidizers were also present. The composition of the microbial community varied greatly among the sites sampled. The highest diversity was found in the rhizospheric soil of Muzahmiya followed by Abha. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the three main phyla detected in all the samples. Soils from the agricultural region of Abha were significantly different from other samples in containing only 1 % Firmicutes and 3–6 times higher population of Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes, respectively. The presence of photosynthetic bacteria, ammonia oxidizers, and nitrogen fixers along with bacteria capable of surviving on simple and unlikely carbon sources like dimethylformamide was indicative of their survival strategies under harsh environmental conditions in the arid soil. Functional inference using PICRUSt analysis shows an abundance of genes involved in photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation.
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A. Qari, Huda. "Microbial Pathogens and Heavy Metal Contaminations in the Open Wells Water in Taif Region, Saudi Arabia." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 11, no. 3 (September 6, 2018): 1449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/1510.
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The objective of the study is to measure the defined water qualities of the well waters from Taif regions, KSA. Quality analysis of is needed to provide necessary data regarding the sources of pollution and pointers for health protection. Physiochemical and microbiological qualities of the samples from 11 distinguished wells were fastidiously evaluated. The observed pH (7.5 to 8.2) of the collected samples are lies underneath counseled standards. Distribution of the 15 chemical elements in the samples were determined. Among all the principle elements of soil ‘cations' are higher in the T2 samples like sodium(Na) (531 mg /l), calcium(Ca) (252 mg/l) and lead(Pb) (0.11 mg/l). Almost all the samples are contaminated with potassium (K) and phosphorus (P). The observed concentration are ranged between (0.259 to 9.23 mg/l) and (0.062 to 0.43 mg/l) respectively. The highest concentration of potassium was observed in T3 and T17. Samples from the wells which is nearby agriculture lands are highly contaminated than the other wells. The pathogenic indicators were detected in many samples in that (T1,T17,T23,) as of fecal contamination. Continuous assessment of water quality on the routine basis is needed to maintain the well water quality as well as to eliminate health issues.
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Alhader, Moshabab M. "The Effects of Small Dams on Agriculture and Groundwater Development: A Case Study of the Tendahah Dam, Asir Region, Saudi Arabia." Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 08, no. 11 (2020): 150–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/gep.2020.811009.
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El Ghazali, G. E. B., A. R. A. Al-Soqeer, and W. E. Abdalla. "Effect of treated sewage effluents on plant cover and soil at Wadi Al Rummah, Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia." Soil and Water Research 12, No. 4 (October 9, 2017): 246–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/230/2016-swr.
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The effect of tertiary treated sewage effluents on the plant cover and the physico-chemical properties of the surface soil (environmental characteristics) before and after the Al Rass sewage plant was investigated. The data were illustrated via TWINSPAN and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Five sites, 1 km apart, after the discharge point and one site (control site) before the sewage plant were examined. Eleven vegetation characteristics and ten physico-chemical properties of surface soil were studied. The obtained results revealed that discharging of treated sewage effluents altered quantitatively and qualitatively the pattern of species dominance and the physico-chemical properties of the soil. Soil electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), organic matters (OM), soluble cations, and soluble anions showed increased values compared to the control (resulting in salination), whereas soil pH decreased as a result of sewage disposal. It was also noticed that the physico-chemical values of EC, TDS, Ca<sup>++</sup>, Mg<sup>++</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, Cl<sup>–</sup> after the sewage plant were higher than the permissible limits for agriculture recommended by FAO, whereas K<sup>+</sup> and HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup> were within the recommended values. The dominance of Suaeda vermiculata Forssk. ex J.F.Jmel. after the sewage plant and its absolute absence before the sewage plant may be used as an environmental bioindicator of pollution.
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Fatima, Farheen, Showket Hussain Bhat, Mohammad Fahad Ullah, Faisel Abu-Duhier, and Eram Husain. "In-Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Herbal Extracts From Tabuk Region (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) Against Nosomial Pathogens: A Preliminary Study." Global Journal of Health Science 10, no. 3 (February 9, 2018): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v10n3p83.
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AIM: The study aims to investigate the antimicrobial activity of herbal extracts from Tabuk region against nosocomial pathogens.MATERIAL & METHODS: The plants included in this study were collected according to United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The plants were grinded into fine powder using electric grinder, and the powder was transferred into air tight containers. Extracts of this powder was prepared in form of stock solution that was further used for preparing solutions of different concentrations. Antibacterial tests including minimum inhibitory concentration and maximum bactericidal concentration, broth dilution method, and well-diffusion method were performed.RESULTS: The current study has determined the herbs that possess antimicrobial activity against the most common nosocomial pathogens. The sample extracts including Achinella fragrantissima, Artemisia judaica, Caralluma quadrangular, Cleome droserifera, Rhyza stricta, Moringa, and Ochradenus baccatus were tested for organisms including; Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. The results have depicted positive anti-microbial activity of herbal shrubs.CONCLUSION: The results have demonstrated positive and promising anti-microbial activities against the nosocomial pathogens.
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Arar, A. "Wastewater Reuse for Irrigation in the Near East Region." Water Science and Technology 23, no. 10-12 (May 1, 1991): 2127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0669.
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Limited water supplies available in many countries of the Near East has led to a growing interest in the rational use of this increasingly important resource. Because wastewater irrigation ensures the reuse of resources and achieves better treatment of wastewater, plans have recently been formulated for large-scale use of this non-conventional source of water. Consequently, in several countries of the Near East Region, wastewater reuse in agriculture is an accomplished and accepted fact, with a high degree of social and political commitment. Intensive and direct reuse is being practised in Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Libya, the United Arab Emirates and Tunisia. Direct, but unsupervised reuse is iking practised in Yemen Arab Republic, Morocco and Syria. All forms of wastewater reuse is practised in Egypt. Indirect and direct restricted reuse is practised in Jordan. However, given the health and environmental hazards associated with reuse of wastewater, the formalization of wastewater treatment and reuse in all countries is urgent. Furthermore, in most countries poor coordination amongst the different agencies concerned with water supply, wastewater treatment, irrigation, public health and the environment is a key constraint for further wastewater reuse.
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Youssef, Ahmed M., Mazen M. Abu Abdullah, Biswajeet Pradhan, and Ahmed F. D. Gaber. "Agriculture Sprawl Assessment Using Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing Images and Its Environmental Impact; Al-Jouf, KSA." Sustainability 11, no. 15 (August 2, 2019): 4177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154177.
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In this paper, multispectral and multi-temporal satellite data were used to assess the spatial and temporal evolution of the agriculture activities in the Al-Jouf region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). In the current study, an attempt was made to map the agriculture sprawl from 1987 to 2017 using temporal Landsat images in a geographic information system (GIS) environment for better decision-making and sustainable agriculture expansion. Our findings indicated that the agriculture activities developed through two crucial stages: high and low rise stages. Low rise stages occurred during three sub-stages from April 1987 to April 1988, from September 1993 to August 1998, and from April 2008 to May 2015, with overall change rates of 37.9, 44.4, and 30.5 km2/year, respectively. High rise stages occurred during three sub-stages from April 1988 to February 1993, from September 2000 to March 2006, and from April 2016 to August 2017, with overall change rates of 132.4, 159.1, and 119.5 km2/year, respectively. Different environmental problems due to uncontrolled agriculture activities were observed in the area, including substantial depletion of the groundwater table. Another environmental impact observed was the appearance of sinkholes that occurred suddenly with no warning signs. These environmental impacts will increase in the future if no regulated restrictions are implemented by decision-makers.
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Alansari, Rawan H., Rawan N. Alrajhi, and Rana A. Alghamdi. "Impact of Waste and Industrial Effluent on Ground Water Quality Index in Rabigh Area, Makkah Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Asian Journal of Chemistry 33, no. 10 (2021): 2503–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2021.23423.
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The quality of surface water and groundwater has deteriorated as a result of increased industrialization, urbanization and agricultural practices during the last few decades. Contaminated groundwater can cause major health problems in humans, such as typhoid and other infections. Similar in the case of Rabigh Governorate, the groundwater is one of the main sources of water for domestic and agriculture purposes in its villages situated in western Saudi Arabia. Many factories have been established in Rabigh region in recent years and day to day input of numerous untreated/partially treated water resulting in major environmental problems, one of which is the low quality of groundwater causing serious environmental and health issues. The presented study discusses the ground water as the main available and usable source in extremely climatic condition of arid area of Saudi Arabia. The article proceeds with the brief introduction of ground water, its contamination sources and health hazards. For this, 13 water samples were from the randomly selected wells in Rabigh Governorate for quality examine. Water quality index analysis was conducted, which is a useful technique for fast assessment of the quality of any water resource. Various physical and chemical parameters of water quality index such as pH, temperature, conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), total solids (TS), dissolved oxygen (DO), arsenic and E. coli are measured and analyzed. The values of all groundwater samples are compared with the standard WHO permissible values. The water quality of the wells were classified into “good, poor, very poor and unsuitable for drinking” based on physico-chemical parameters. According to the observed study, water quality range (WQR) for 5 samples (38% of the samples) are of poor quality, 3 samples (23%) are recorded with a very poor quality and 5 samples (38%) are not suitable for drinking purpose due to presence of high conductivity and TDS values. After taking into consideration the presence of E. coli in 31% of the samples (n = 4), about 62% of the samples (n = 8) are not suitable for drinking purpose, only 23% (n = 3) samples are of poor quality and 15% (n = 2) are very poor quality. The findings reveal a decrease in water quality (unsuitable for drinking purpose) in 8 out of 13 collected samples. It is believed that waste and industrial activities have an impact on groundwater quality in the study area, however, a nationwide investigation should be conducted to validate this finding.
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López Valencia, Oliver Miguel, Kasper Johansen, Bruno José Luis Aragón Solorio, Ting Li, Rasmus Houborg, Yoann Malbeteau, Samer AlMashharawi, et al. "Mapping groundwater abstractions from irrigated agriculture: big data, inverse modeling, and a satellite–model fusion approach." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 24, no. 11 (November 12, 2020): 5251–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5251-2020.
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Abstract. The agricultural sector in Saudi Arabia has witnessed rapid growth in both production and area under cultivation over the last few decades. This has prompted some concern over the state and future availability of fossil groundwater resources, which have been used to drive this expansion. Large-scale studies using satellite gravimetric data show a declining trend over this region. However, water management agencies require much more detailed information on both the spatial distribution of agricultural fields and their varying levels of water exploitation through time than coarse gravimetric data can provide. Relying on self-reporting from farm operators or sporadic data collection campaigns to obtain needed information are not feasible options, nor do they allow for retrospective assessments. In this work, a water accounting framework that combines satellite data, meteorological output from weather prediction models, and a modified land surface hydrology model was developed to provide information on both irrigated crop water use and groundwater abstraction rates. Results from the local scale, comprising several thousand individual center-pivot fields, were then used to quantify the regional-scale response. To do this, a semi-automated approach for the delineation of center-pivot fields using a multi-temporal statistical analysis of Landsat 8 data was developed. Next, actual crop evaporation rates were estimated using a two-source energy balance (TSEB) model driven by leaf area index, land surface temperature, and albedo, all of which were derived from Landsat 8. The Community Atmosphere Biosphere Land Exchange (CABLE) model was then adapted to use satellite-based vegetation and related surface variables and forced with a 3 km reanalysis dataset from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Groundwater abstraction rates were then inferred by estimating the irrigation supplied to each individual center pivot, which was determined via an optimization approach that considered CABLE-based estimates of evaporation and TSEB-based satellite estimates. The framework was applied over two study regions in Saudi Arabia: a small-scale experimental facility of around 40 center pivots in Al Kharj that was used for an initial evaluation and a much larger agricultural region in Al Jawf province comprising more than 5000 individual fields across an area exceeding 2500 km2. Total groundwater abstraction for the year 2015 in Al Jawf was estimated at approximately 5.5 billion cubic meters, far exceeding any recharge to the groundwater system and further highlighting the need for a comprehensive water management strategy. Overall, this novel data–model fusion approach facilitates the compilation of national-scale groundwater abstractions while also detailing field-scale information that allows both farmers and water management agencies to make informed water accounting decisions across multiple spatial and temporal scales.
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Alataway, Al-Ghobari, Mohammad, and Dewidar. "Lysimeter-Based Water Use and Crop Coefficient of Drip-Irrigated Potato in an Arid Environment." Agronomy 9, no. 11 (November 14, 2019): 756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9110756.
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The determination of the water requirements and crop coefficient (Kc) of agricultural crops helps to create an appropriate irrigation schedule, and with the effective management of irrigation water. The aim of this research was to estimate the water requirement, Kc, and water-use efficiency (WUE) of potato using non-weighing-type lysimeters in four regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Qassiem, Riyadh, Al-Jouf, and Eastern). Our results clearly show that the accumulated values of the measured crop evapotranspiration of potato derived from the lysimeters were 573, 554, 592, and 570 mm, while the accumulated values of the predicted crop evapotranspiration from Penman-Monteith equation based on FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) were 651, 632, 672, and 647 mm for the Qassiem, Riyadh, Al-Jouf, and Eastern regions, respectively. The Kc values of potato obtained from the lysimeters were Kc initial (0.58, 0.54, 0.50, and 0.52), Kc middle (1.02, 1.05, 1.13, and 1.10), and Kc end (0.73, 0.74, 0.74, and 0.75) for the Qassiem, Riyadh, Al-Jouf, and Eastern regions, respectively. Based on the amount of water used and the yield achieved, the highest WUE (3.6 kg m−3) was observed in the Riyadh region, while the lowest WUE (1.5 kg m−3) was observed in the Al-Jouf region.
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Al-Khateeb, Suliman Ali, Abid Hussain, Stefan Lange, Mohammad M. Almutari, and Felicitas Schneider. "Battling Food Losses and Waste in Saudi Arabia: Mobilizing Regional Efforts and Blending Indigenous Knowledge to Address Global Food Security Challenges." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 28, 2021): 8402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158402.
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Food Loss and Waste (FLW) that entail substantial economic, environmental, and social cost is of great concern for a country fulfilling > 80% of food demands through the import of agricultural commodities. The current study mainly aimed at bringing together a wide range of perspectives on FLW by multi-stakeholder engagement in order to enhance cooperation and network building with respect to sharing knowledge and experiences on FLW prevention activities along the entire food supply chain for a country located at the geographic frontier facing stubborn challenges of desertification, water scarcity, and harsh climatic conditions. These challenges are not only being addressed at the national level but have also been made the focus of multilateral activities in 2020 as part of the Saudi G20 Presidency. The Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture under the umbrella of the G20 Meeting of Agricultural Chief Scientists (MACS) hosted a regional workshop on FLW in collaboration with the Thünen Institute, Germany, to raise awareness among Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. The present paper provides insights into the current status of FLW by revealing that, overall, 33.1% of the total available food in the Kingdom is lost and wasted during the entire food supply chain. Overall, the GCC countries witnessed higher percentages of food waste compared with food losses. Environmental conditions prevailing in the region necessitate the development of adequate and appropriate cold chain storage facilities for balanced distribution through cold storage transportation facilities along the food supply chain to minimize food losses. However, campaigns and activities to raise awareness with a view of changing attitudes towards reducing FLW by the adoption of good practices, promoting the concept of circular economy practices, and the establishment of food banks for surplus food redistribution are important to mitigate FLW in the Kingdom.
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Nagimova, A. "Cross-Border M&A Deals between CIS and Persian Gulf Countries." World Economy and International Relations, no. 3 (2015): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-3-28-34.
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The article analyses cross-border mergers and acquisition deals (M&A-deals) between the CIS and Persian Gulf countries in the period from 1990 till the present day. The author defines distinctive features, number, value, status and transparency of such M&A-deals, estimates average deal value and volume of the largest M&A-deals. In addition, the author shows country, industry and type breakdown of M&A-deals. Then the author reviews the main cross-border M&A-deals by industries. In the financial sector the biggest M&A-deal is between the Ministry of finance of Abu-Dhabi and the Russian direct investment fund (RDIF), the two main players from the CIS side are RDIF and VTB. Then the author analyses M&A-deals in extractive sector, and defines the biggest project which is joint venture of LUKoil in Saudi Arabia. In the production sector Russian metallurgical companies are the main investors. In the transport and infrastructure sphere the biggest project is the building of international transit corridor between Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Iran and Oman. The main investor in port sector of CIS is DP World from UAE. The author defines the sectors with high growth potential of cross-border M&A-activity. These are energy, agriculture, construction and tourism. The most significant deals in these sectors are the acquisition of Russian Enel OGK-5 by Emirates investors, building of Abu Dhabi Plaza in Astana (Kazakhstan) with the highest tower in the whole Central Asia and Russian-Emirates partnership for the building of satellite city in Moscow region. As far as Persian Gulf countries are the largest foodstuff importers in the world the potential of M&A-deals in agriculture industry and prospects for CIS grain exporters are also high. In conclusion, the author resumes that the trend in the number of cross-border M&A-deals is positive and that a good potential for development of investment cooperation between countries exists.
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AL-Subaiee, Suaiban, Edgar Yoder, and Joan Thomson. "Extension Agents’ Perceptions of Sustainable Agriculture in the Riyadh Region of Saudi Arabia." Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 12, no. 1 (2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2005.12101.
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H. El-Araby, Entesar, Khaled A. Salman, and Fawzia Mubarak. "Human Risk Due to Radon and Heavy Metals in Soil." Iranian Journal of Public Health, July 28, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v50i8.6808.
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Background: We investigated the human risk due to radon and heavy metals (HM) in soil.
Methods: Samples were collected in 2017 from 10 representative geographical locations at Jazan region of southwestern Saudi Arabia and analyzed for elements (Al, Ca, Cu, Ni, Sr Fe, Mg, B, Co, Cr, V, Zn, Mn, Ba, Cd, and Pb). Elements were measured using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). Radon (Rn) was measured using solid-state nuclear detector (SSNTDs).
Results: The maximum human risk was due to Al, which had the highest concentration, where the lowest human risk was due to Cd. The maximum radon concentration was obtained at El-Mazab area with value of 381.05 Bq/m3which leads to 6.55 mSv/y and 78.94 Bq/m2d annual effective doses and radon exhalant rate respectively. Average equivalent and effective dose to different organs due to radon concentration was estimated. Hazard Index due to both carcinogenic and non-cancer hazards were calculated it exceeds permissible level for child due to Nickel and Chromium hence there is a significant risk on children in the study area.
Conclusion: HM concentrations were over limits in some places according to the human activities, municipal waste disposal, fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture. In addition, soil is porous permit dispersion of radon to the atmosphere.