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1
Brožová, I. "Organic agriculture as one of aspects of multifunctional agriculture." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 51, No. 2 (February 20, 2012): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5076-agricecon.
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The incorporation of Czech agrarian sector in the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU means also the application of so called “European Model of Agriculture” which reacts to a basic requirement of socially balanced and sustainable agriculture which contributes to maintenance and an improvement of the European agricultural cultural landscape. In connection with it, a new strategy of agrarian policy was set according to which the orientation of Czech agrarian sector changes in a principal way, which was focused up to now only on the production function and also its other functions become more important, above all in the environmental and social, so non-production area. One of the aspects of multifunctional agriculture is an organic agriculture, a system which fulfills visions of sustainable agriculture.
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Serebrennikova, Anna I., Aleksey V. Mikryukov, and Tatyana A. Tchilimova. "Socio-economic aspects of bank lending to agriculture." E3S Web of Conferences 176 (2020): 04014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017604014.
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The article is devoted to the socio-economic aspects of banks ' activities in relation to agricultural lending. The contextual background of the study is the social significance of agriculture for the country in terms of food security and the formation of a stable standard of living of the population. The purpose of the study was to reach the essential understanding of the social aspects of the Bank's activities by considering the social functions of the Bank in the lending process. The article considers the composition of credit subjects and gives a brief description of them. The activity of the State as a regulator of credit relations and a full participant in lending is emphasized. The essential understanding of the bank 's social functions in the context of solving the state 's social task of financing agriculture through the mechanism of concessional lending has been expanded. Conclusions are made about the leading role of the state in the formation of the mechanism of interaction between the Bank and the borrower with the strengthening of social functions of the Bank.
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Allen, Patricia, Debra Van Dusen, Jackelyn Lundy, and Stephen Gliessman. "Integrating social, environmental, and economic issues in sustainable agriculture." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 6, no. 1 (March 1991): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300003787.
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AbstractIn the past several years, researchers, educators, policymakers, and activists have initiated sustainable agriculture programs and efforts the world over. This development has sometimes been accompanied by a sense that it is time to stop discussing sustainability at a conceptual level and get on with the work of making agriculture sustainable. Our perspective is that it is critical to pursue a comprehensive definition of sustainability in order to set sustainable agriculture priorities and ensure that sustainable agriculture takes a path that does not reproduce problems of conventional agriculture. In this paper we briefly review some popular definitions of sustainable agriculture and find that their focus is primarily on farm-level resource conservation and profitability as the main components of sustainability. Others have challenged this approach for either not examining the social aspects of sustainability or for containing an implicit assumption that working on the environmental, production, and microeconomic aspects of sustainability will automatically take care of its social aspects. We propose an expanded conceptualization of sustainability—one that focuses on the entire food and agriculture system at a global level and includes not only environmental soundness and economic viability, but social equity as well. In this perspective, issues such as poverty and hunger are as central to achieving agricultural sustainability as those of soil erosion and adequate farm returns.
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Boháčková, I., and M. Hrabánková. "Income disparity of Czech agriculture – selected aspects." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 54, No. 5 (June 13, 2008): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/250-agricecon.
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The paper is focused on the problems of income disparity in agriculture. This economic as well as social phenomenon is often discussed, especially at the administrative level, nevertheless, it has not been exactly defined and methodically delimited yet. The comparison of average wages of farmers with average wages in inhomogeneous industry and with average wages in the very sector-differentiated national economy used today can be considered as problematic. In the paper, the possible system of income disparity monitoring is suggested which would remove the current deficiencies. In its frame, a special attention is paid to regional aspects of income disparity and the relation of wages and labour productivity.
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Jones, Adam. "Gendering Rwanda Genocide and Post-Genocide." Journal of International Peacekeeping 22, no. 1-4 (April 8, 2020): 215–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18754112-0220104014.
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In his chapter, Adam Jones addresses genocide as multi-dimensional crime. He describes two broad typologies of genocide – ‘gendercide’, and ‘root and branch genocide’, which are ‘distinguished by the different operations of the gender variable in each’. As Jones outlines, the Rwanda genocide evidenced broad range of gendered aspects – from leveraging ethnicized gender tropes, through the sometime employment of gender-based genocidal approaches (execution, rape), to the economic and social consequences (planned or not) that are the legacy of gendered genocide. ‘The “gendering” of a given genocide’, he concludes, ‘therefore encompasses the cultural configurations that influence the mobilisation of perpetrators and the targeting of victims, as well as the sexed bodies that are damaged or destroyed in genocidal campaigns’.
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Pottier, Johan. "‘Three's a crowd’: knowledge, ignorance and power in the context of urban agriculture in Rwanda." Africa 59, no. 4 (October 1989): 461–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1159942.
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Opening ParagraphThe themes of knowledge and ignorance are explored in this article, as is their dialectic, in the light of the continuing failure of development efforts based on top-down procedures. My specific aim is to deliver a statement about the intricate relationship between knowledge, ignorance and power in the context of a Rwandan development project. I will demonstrate how ignorance is generated through agricultural extension and will argue that agronomic services rely on power structures reminiscent of the ‘old’ premise of social inequality (Maquet, 1961; for a summary of the debate on social inequality in Rwanda, see Reyntjens, 1985: 21–30). My concern will be to assess whether the project-induced creation of ignorance—such as the distorted portrayal of practices outside the project area—leads to the displacement of local knowledge and the adoption of new methods.
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Loiskandl, Willibald, and Reinhard Nolz. "Requirements for Sustainable Irrigated Agriculture." Agronomy 11, no. 2 (February 9, 2021): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020306.
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The aim of this review is to present a holistic view on irrigation with respect to local environmental and social conditions. Future irrigation development is addressed with a focus on sustainable development. However, technical irrigation aspects are included and references are provided for further reading and completeness. An irrigation intervention is always a combination of feasible technical, social and environmental aspects. This review provides an overview of the various fields of expertise involved in irrigation interventions and contributes to cross-discipline discussions and understanding. The selected cases demonstrate the bias of human developments and they serve to raise awareness of the impact of human interventions. The practical examples refer mainly to the authors’ project experiences and were selected so as to support pathways for sustainable irrigation development. Placing modern irrigation in relation to sustainable development goals needs a sophisticated holistic approach.
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Rodoljub, Topić, and Spasojević Boris. "Contemporary Aspects of Correlation between Agriculture and Rural Development." ECONOMICS 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eoik-2017-0001.
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Summary In most countries, agriculture represents a strategic economic sector. In developed countries, the share of agriculture in GDP amounts only to 2-3%, but this industry assists in development of other sectors as well: trade, tourism, chemical and mechanical/machine industry, etc. Nowadays, great attention is paid to environmental protection and production of quality products. Sustainability has become a key determinant of agricultural production. Modern agriculture is focused onto productive and intensive production, but also towards multifunctional development of rural areas. Implementation of integral rural development and new regional concept of development sublimates several objectives: economic and social progress, demographic stability, environmental and cultural heritage protection, etc. This development model is mainly introduced in developed countries, but also in developing countries. A greater scope of social problems, in addition to the production, is resolved by doing so,. However, the results of the rural development policy differ from one country to another. Today, methods for measurement of rurality have been developed. Agriculture and rural development are in constant interaction, but the advocates of direct support for agriculture continue to oppose territorial approach and subsidies for rural development.
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Vento, Gianfranco A., Helen Chiappini, and Giuseppe Lia. "Corporate social responsibility, social and financial performance: The case study of the loan appraisal process of the Rwanda Development Bank." Corporate Ownership and Control 15, no. 3 (2018): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv15i3art4.
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Development banks play an active role in smoothing growth of world’s disadvantaged areas. The social mission of development banks requires that they pay attention to corporate social responsibility (CSR) and to the social outcome of financing activities. However, like any other financial institution, they must consider the business sustainability and the financial stability over time. Thus, a comprehensive loan appraisal process should include financial and social aspects. Literature does not properly investigate development banks loan appraisal process, thus the aim of this paper is to contribute to this stream of literature, analysing how development banks can include the evaluation of social and environmental variables within their loan appraisal process. For the purpose of the research, we employed a case study of the Rwanda Development Bank (BRD). The BRD loan appraisal process combines the evaluation of typical aspects of corporate social responsibility – like the firms or projects compliance to health and safety regulations or the implementation of the code of ethics including diversity policies – with the evaluation of social and environmental impact, as well with financial aspects. The BRD social impact assessment is also valuable because it follows the criteria of proportionality of loans evaluation, balancing completeness of information with the cost of the assessment.
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Bakunzibake, Pierre, Gunnar O. Klein, and Sirajul M. Islam. "E-Government Implementation Process in Rwanda: Exploring Changes in a Sociotechnical Perspective." Business Systems Research Journal 10, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 53–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bsrj-2019-0005.
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Abstract Background: Failures in e-government projects to deliver expected results are frequent in the context of developing countries. These are partly attributed to the lack of balanced attention to both technical and social aspects in the implementation. However, there has been limited research on these aspects in the least Developed Countries. Objectives: Taking a socio-technical perspective, this study aims at exploring the extent of changes and effects in the implementation of e-government service-oriented initiatives in Rwanda, one of the Least Developed Countries. Methods/Approach: An empirical investigation was conducted, via interviews at 8 agencies during the period from January 2017 to May 2018. This involved two case projects, an Enterprise Content Management System and a One-Stop e-government system. Furthermore, government documents and online material were analyzed. Results: A number of changes in technology, processes and people aspects were faced in both projects. However, those changes are coupled with secondary effects; there is a need for a better fit between technical systems and social systems of organizations implementing e-government; a larger gap was identified in the first case project. Conclusions: Addressing the issues as a socio-technical system would contribute to improved work systems of agencies and better services.
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Solaymani, Saeed. "Social and economic aspects of the recent fall in global oil prices." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 13, no. 2 (June 3, 2019): 258–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-06-2017-0006.
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Purpose The global energy market has been facing lower prices of crude oil in recent years. Lower fuel price leads to lower transport cost and cheaper agricultural inputs (such as pesticides and chemical fertilizer), resulting in lower prices of agricultural commodities in the international markets. On the other hand, lower global oil price reduces the oil revenues of oil exporting countries, resulting in a decrease in government expenditures. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the impacts of lower global oil and agricultural commodity prices and government expenditure on the entire economy and poverty level of Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach This study used a computable general equilibrium model (CGE) to investigate four simulation scenarios based on the latest Malaysia’s input-output table belonging to 2010. The first scenario is a 30 per cent fall in the export and import prices of agricultural commodity prices, while the second is a 50 per cent decline in the export and import prices of crude oil, and the third combines them. In the fourth scenario, government operating expenditure declines by 4 per cent because of the fall in government’s oil revenues as a result of the decline in global oil prices. Findings The simulation results suggest that lower international oil price decreases real gross domestic product (GDP) and investment in Malaysia and influences positively the output and employment of some agriculture sectors. However, lower agricultural commodity price increases real GDP and investment in the country and negatively influences the output, employment and exports of all agriculture sectors. The decline in government expenditures also increases the output and the employment in the economy, whereas it decreases household consumption. In conclusion, results show that the agriculture sector losses from the current decline in international agricultural commodity prices, while it benefits from lower oil and government expenditure. Originality/value The main contribution of this study is comparing the impacts of recent falls in global oil and agricultural prices on the entire economy and agriculture sector of Malaysia. Investigating the impacts of these issues on the poverty level of Malaysian households is another contribution to the study. Another contribution is analyzing the impact of a reduction in government expenditures because of the decline in global oil price on the economy and welfare of Malaysia. Therefore, this study makes a useful contribution to the small literature of the topic.
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Nezhmetdinova, F. T., M. E. Guryleva, N. Kh Sharypova, R. I. Zinurova, and A. R. Tuzikov. "Risks of modern biotechnologies and legal aspects of their implementation in agriculture." BIO Web of Conferences 17 (2020): 00227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20201700227.
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The main purpose of this study is to determine the best practices of social regulation of negative consequences for modern biotechnology use based on a comparative review of European and Russian legal regulations on food safety. The paper gives original classification of risks of biotechnologies introduction in agriculture, namely: food, agricultural, environmental, patent, social and ethical ones. Although risk assessment systems have been in use for some time, consumers do not always trust the results. One explanation for this is that in the past many national food safety systems had problems with timely notification of certain products’ potential hazards. In many countries, social and ethical views can be the reason for rejection of certain products, manipulation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Such conflicts often reflect deeper issues about the interaction of human society and nature – issues that must be fully taken into account in any attempt at social communication. Authors offer a mode of social control and consensus in the form of agrobioethics, similar to bioethics in biomedical technologies.
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Lyson, Thomas A. "Environmental, Economic and Social Aspects of Sustainable Agriculture in American Land Grant Universities." Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 12, no. 2-3 (June 10, 1998): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j064v12n02_09.
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Worsley, Anthony, Wei Wang, and Stacey Ridley. "Australian adults’ knowledge of Australian agriculture." British Food Journal 117, no. 1 (January 5, 2015): 400–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-07-2013-0175.
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Purpose – Agriculture is a major generator of wealth and employment in Australia. However, it faces a range of economic and environmental challenges which require substantial community support. The purpose of this paper is to examine Australian adults’ Australian knowledge of, and attitudes towards, Australian agriculture. Design/methodology/approach – Online questionnaire survey of 1,026 adults conducted nationwide during August 2012. Findings – Most respondents had little knowledge of even the basic aspects of the industry but they approved of farmers’ performance of their roles. Latent class analysis showed that there are two groups of consumers with low and lower levels of knowledge. The respondents’ age, rural residence and universalist values were positive predictors of agricultural knowledge. Research limitations/implications – This was a cross-sectional, quota-based survey which examined only some aspects of agriculture. However, the findings suggest that more communication with the general public about the industry is required in order to build on the positive sentiment that exists within the community. Practical implications – More education about agriculture in schools and higher education is indicated. Social implications – The poor state of knowledge of agriculture threatens the social contract upon which agricultural communities depend for survival. Originality/value – The study highlights the poor state of general knowledge about agriculture in Australia. The findings could be used as a baseline against which the efficacy of future education programmes could be assessed.
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Cottyn, Ine. "Livelihood Trajectories in a Context of Repeated Displacement: Empirical Evidence from Rwanda." Sustainability 10, no. 10 (September 30, 2018): 3521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103521.
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Displacement, forced migration, and resettlement in Africa have been attributed to a variety of causes and is disrupting all aspects of people’s lives, breaking social, cultural and economic networks that are critical to sustaining livelihoods. Rwanda is one of the countries in Africa with a long history of multiple displacements, and the life trajectories of many Rwandans are characterised by multiple experiences of displacement, and involuntary migration. Although many have researched the effects of displacement on people’s livelihoods from both an academic, as well as a practitioner’s viewpoint, less is known about the effects of multiple and repeated displacements over time on people’s livelihood. Instead of treating each displacement separately, this article aims to analyse the effects of repeated displacement the livelihoods and adaptive capacity of households in Rwanda. To this purpose, six months of fieldwork were conducted in the north-western region of Rwanda, collecting data from a household livelihood survey, household livelihood and mobility histories, and focus group discussions. The research highlights the importance of social and human capital as crucial to people’s resilience. However, the successive loss of natural capital in combination with changing social and economic conditions diminishes the ability of many households to keep employing these capitals to reconstruct a sustainable livelihood. Forced to become increasingly creative and flexible in their coping strategies, many households employ mobility as a survival mechanism to spread risks.
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Ansoms, An. "Large-Scale Land Deals and Local Livelihoods in Rwanda: The Bitter Fruit of a New Agrarian Model." African Studies Review 56, no. 3 (November 20, 2013): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2013.77.
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Abstract:In a context of globalization and liberalization, Africa is increasingly confronted with the commercialization of its space. Various large-scale actors, including international private investors, investor states, and local entrepreneurs, are constantly seeking to expand their land holdings for the production of food crops or biofuels. This article presents two Rwandan case studies and analyzes how large-scale land acquisition by foreign and local elite players affects local livelihoods. It identifies broader agrarian and social changes taking place in Rwanda and Africa and provides suggestions as to how the tables might be turned in order to protect local livelihoods in the further evolution of Rwanda’s agriculture.
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K. NTAKIRUTINKA, Fred, and Ernest SAFARI. "The influence of involving citizens in all aspects of their development on social accountability in Rutsiro District-Rwanda." International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research and Management 5, no. 6 (June 30, 2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36282/ijasrm/5.6.2020.1727.
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Gremmen, Bart, Vincent Blok, and Bernice Bovenkerk. "Responsible Innovation for Life: Five Challenges Agriculture Offers for Responsible Innovation in Agriculture and Food, and the Necessity of an Ethics of Innovation." Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 32, no. 5-6 (October 18, 2019): 673–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10806-019-09808-w.
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Abstract In this special issue we will investigate, from the perspective of agricultural ethics (e.g. animal welfare, agricultural and food ethics, environmental ethics etc.) the potential to develop a Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) approach to agriculture, and the limitations to such an enterprise. RRI is an emerging field in the European research and innovation (R&I) policy context that aims to balance economic, socio-cultural and environmental aspects in innovation processes. Because technological innovations can contribute significantly to the solution of societal challenges like climate change or food security, but can also have negative societal consequences, it is assumed that social and ethical aspects should be considered during the R&I process. For this reason, the emerging concept of RRI calls for ethical reflection on the nature, scope and applicability of responsibility and innovation in innovation practices in general, and the way social–ethical issues can be applied and addressed in agriculture.
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Bohátová, Zuzana, Pavol Schwarcz, Loreta Schwarczová, Anna Bandlerová, and Vojtech Tľčik. "Multifunctionality – Interactions and Implications: The Case of the Podkylava Village (Western Slovakia)." European Countryside 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 147–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/euco-2016-0012.
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Abstract Multifunctionality is one of the most important aspects of the sustainable development. There are essentially two approaches to the analysis of multifunctionality. One is to interpret multifunctionality as a characteristic of an economic activity. The second way of interpreting multifunctionality is in terms of multiple roles assigned to agriculture. In this view, agriculture as an activity is entrusted with fulfilling certain functions in society. Social functions are linked to employment and income generation in rural areas and hence sustaining the viability of rural communities and maintaining rural society. The study focuses on social aspect of multifunctional agriculture in Kopanice region located in western part of Slovakia near borders with Czech Republic. The region is according to OECD regional typology being considered as intermediate one approaching the category of predominantly rural region. In spite of the fact, that the share of the primary sector in economy of the region is decreasing, the agriculture still plays an important role from aspects of employment and building of social capital. The paper evaluates the influence of external and internal factors on the development of social capital in the selected region and authors will focus mainly on the impact of local stakeholders and policy measures. The interaction between relevant stakeholders as public sector, civil society, local business sector and primary sector is expected to be beneficial for development of social capital.
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Hakansson, Thomas. "Social and Political Aspects of Intensive Agriculture in East Africa: Some Models from Cultural Anthropology." Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa 24, no. 1 (January 1989): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00672708909511393.
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Alston, Margaret. "Who is down on the farm? Social aspects of Australian agriculture in the 21st century." Agriculture and Human Values 21, no. 1 (2004): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:ahum.0000014019.84085.59.
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Sinaini, La, and La Iwe. "Bentuk Kegiatan Gotong Royong Dalam Aspek Pertanian Dan Sosial Budaya Di Kabupaten Muna (Studi Kasus di Desa Langkoroni Kecamatan Maligano Kabupaten Muna)." Jurnal Ilmiah Membangun Desa dan Pertanian 5, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.37149/jimdp.v5i2.11635.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the forms of mutual assistance activities in the aspects of agriculture and socio-culture in Langkoroni Village, Maligano Sub District, Muna Regency. This research was conducted in August 2019 until January 2020. This research method uses qualitative methods. Sources of data in this study used informants. The results of the research show mutual cooperation activities in the aspects of agriculture, namely clearing farmland, fencing farmland, planting, weeding, and harvesting. Mutual cooperation in the aspect of agriculture occurs because of feelings of help and a feeling of family. Mutual cooperation in the socio-cultural aspects, namely (1) community social cooperation such as marriages, house construction, Islamic events, seclusion, celebrations of Islamic holidays, and ceremonies of death. Mutual cooperation in the socio-cultural aspects occurs not only because of feelings of help and a feeling of family, but also a feeling of worship. Mutual cooperation in the aspect of agriculture is more focused on strengthening the family's economy and sense of kinship, while mutual cooperation activities in the socio-cultural aspect are more emphasized on a sense of kinship and the embodiment of worship.
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McGarty, Craig. "Twenty Years After Genocide: The Role of Psychology in the Reconciliation and Reconstruction Process in Rwanda." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 2, no. 1 (December 19, 2014): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v2i1.449.
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This Special Thematic Section brings together eight papers that showcase different aspects of the contribution of psychology to the processes of recovery in Rwanda following the 1994 genocide. The Section is noteworthy in part because a majority of the papers have Rwandan authors. In summarizing the contributions I make six observations about the remarkable context of the genocide and its aftermath: a) it was distinctive from previous mass violence in its intensity and character; b) it has been characterized by bystander inaction and the problems of positioning outsiders to help; c) hundreds of thousands of accused or convicted perpetrators have lived alongside survivors; d) electronic media played a profound role not only in promoting violence but also in building peace; e) Rwanda has been the site of unprecedented societal interventions with political goals that have the character and content of social psychological experiments; and f) the role of memorialization in repairing or sustaining harm needs further examination. I conclude by noting that the study of recovery is clear proof that the genocide in Rwanda, as is the case with genocides of the past, failed to achieve its aims.
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Imasiku, Katundu, Valerie M. Thomas, and Etienne Ntagwirumugara. "Unpacking Ecological Stress from Economic Activities for Sustainability and Resource Optimization in Sub-Saharan Africa." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (April 26, 2020): 3538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093538.
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Most sub-Saharan African (SSA) nations are governed by traditional economic models of using varied varieties of capital (including human), technological and natural approaches to supply goods and services. This has undoubtedly led to annual economic growth of about 3.2% in several African nations and higher per capita income as some of the major benefits, which have improved the standards of living and social wellbeing but conjointly have led to environmental degradation. In response to the environmental degradation problem, while benchmarking against international policies, this article evaluates approaches to economic development, environmental management, and energy production in the context of climate change. Case studies consider the mine-dependent nations of Zambia and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and the agriculture-dependent nation of Rwanda. In Zambia and DRC, energy efficiency in the mining and metals industries could increase the electrification rate in Zambia and DRC by up to 50%. Additional industrial utilization of solar or wind energy is key to a stable energy supply, economic development and environmental protection. In Rwanda, population growth and land constraints point to economic growth and agricultural improvements as the key to sustainability and sustainable development. These case studies emphasize resource optimization, energy efficiency, renewable energy deployment, strategies to reduce biodiversity loss and environmental degradation, and the improvement of social wellbeing for both present and future generations to achieve an ecologically enhanced sub-Saharan Africa.
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Paul, P. K., R. R. Sinha, A. Bhuimali, P. S. Aithal, and Ricardo Saavedra. "A Study on Emerging Methods and Ways in Agricultural Sciences: With Reference to Organic Farming." Asian Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology 9, no. 1 (May 5, 2020): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajeat-2020.9.1.1081.
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Agricultural Sciences is an Applied Science but has its touch with social science due to its nature. It uses various kinds of tools, techniques, procedure, methods, principles of science; that is responsible for the cultivation of plants, crops, vegetables, livestock as well as animals. Agriculture is dedicated to the sedentary human civilization and by this people can meet their food demand. As far as the history of agriculture it is noted that agriculture as a concept emerged thousands of years before about 105,000 years ago and regarding the nascent farmers, it was about 11,500 years ago. Initially, animals were not considered within this but gradually various animals such as pigs, sheep and cattle became part of agricultural sciences since 10, 000 years ago. Farming normally considered as the cultivation in a small area whereas Agriculture is treated for a large area with huge place and expenditure. In today’s context, about 11 regions of the world are cultivating commercially. Agriculture as an interdisciplinary field is concerned with various disciplines and subjects; and this trend is growing rapidly. There are diverse areas and emerging nomenclatures emerged in Agriculture viz. Chemical Agriculture, Green revolution & Agriculture, Genetic engineering-based Agriculture, Organic Agriculture /Farming, Corporate Agriculture /Farming, Vertical Farming /Agriculture, etc. This paper is theoretical and empirical in nature. It analyzed various aspects of agriculture with special reference to the aspects, features, role, and emergence of three emerging types of agriculture viz. Organic Agriculture.
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Vanjara, Pratik. "Information Technology use in agriculture." Oriental journal of computer science and technology 10, no. 3 (September 25, 2017): 664–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojcst/10.03.16.
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Two major trends that have an effect on our planet: increase and urbanization. The anticipated increase for the primary one and half this century is discouraging. Betting on the estimate, there'll be nine to ten billion individuals by mid-century. This population is simply beneath seven billion that means that there'll be a couple of fifty percentage increases from the start to the center of this century. One could dialogue the relative accuracy of explicit models, however all of them agree that there'll be several, more mouths to enclose the approaching decades. IT has reworked several different aspects of human endeavor and has helped produce systems for responding to a good varies of social group wants. Indeed, transportation, communication, national security, and health systems square measure utterly dependent thereon to perform even basic functions. However, data, and its automatic technological embodiment, has not compact agriculture to identical level.
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Alston, Margaret. "Synthesis paper on socioeconomic factors relating to agriculture and community development." Crop and Pasture Science 63, no. 3 (2012): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp11173.
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Agriculture is highly dependent on the social sustainability inherent in rural communities. Yet too often we focus on the economic and environmental drivers relating to agricultural production, ignoring the social and community aspects that make rural livelihood not only possible but also rewarding and nurturing. In this paper I focus on climate change as yet another factor associated with rural restructuring that defrays community wellbeing. I argue that attention to social factors and a stronger role for government in assisting communities will enable greater adaptation and enhance resilience in what are essentially very uncertain times.
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Kala Mahaswa, Rangga, Agung Widhianto, and Nurul Hasanah. "Eco-agriculture and Farming in the Anthropocene Epoch: A Philosophical Review." E3S Web of Conferences 226 (2021): 00035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202122600035.
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This article examines the complex interactions between agriculture, farming, and the Anthropocene environment. It discusses the challenges facing modern agriculture as a significant contributor to land degradation and climate change related to the planetary boundaries scale. Criticism of current agriculture is the effort to approach a philosophical view in considering eco-agriculture as part of environmental ethics. The holistic resolution that aligns the sustainability orientation for future agriculture is necessarily needed by social and political transformative movement. Therefore, the result finds the human moral value of land farming responsibility that agriculture is an ethical act requiring reflection at all planetary aspects, including food resilience, socio-economic changes, climate change adaptation, and natural preservation.
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Bernhardt, Heinz, Mehmet Bozkurt, Reiner Brunsch, Eduardo Colangelo, Andreas Herrmann, Jan Horstmann, Martin Kraft, et al. "Challenges for Agriculture through Industry 4.0." Agronomy 11, no. 10 (September 27, 2021): 1935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11101935.
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Industry 4.0 is currently considered the structural implementation of networked and cooperative digitalisation and the next step in technological and social development. The aim of this paper is to examine how these structures are also suitable for agriculture and whether there are already approaches to this. Therefore, the main aspects of Industry 4.0 will be analysed and compared with agricultural examples from arable farming and livestock farming. The study shows that the approaches of Industry 4.0 are also useful for agriculture. However, they must be adapted to agriculture, as it has a different basic structure. As in industry, it is also evident in agriculture that there is still a need for action in the organisational and technical networking of systems.
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Mosiej, Józef. "Rural Landscape Development Policy in Poland – Some Aspects of Sustainability." EU agrarian Law 8, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eual-2019-0005.
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AbstractIn the recent years, when it comes to topics concerning rural areas and agriculture, sustainability has become a key term resonating in the political, economical, social and environmental discussions. These issues are discussed across the globe and Poland is not an exception. There are many features that have impact on sustainability. Among others it is situation in agricultural production, employment in agriculture, access to the land and situation at the land market, aspects of the environmental protection or the administrative structure of the country. Therefore, the main objective of the presented paper is to a comprehensive summary of different aspects influencing rural development in Poland with an emphasis on sustainability. Based on the conducted analysis it can be stated that even though many positive changes have been implemented in the Polish reality, there are still many issues with need to be urgently addressed.
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Minani, Bonaventure, Déo-Guide Rurema, and Philippe Lebailly. "Rural resilience and the role of social capital among farmers in Kirundo province, Northern Burundi." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 7, no. 2-3 (September 30, 2013): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2013/2-3/20.
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In Burundi, more than 90% of the active population is engaged in family agriculture, which plays a vital role in food production and constitutes more than 50% of the GDP. Before the civil war of 1993, Kirundo was deemed the “breadbasket of the country”, as the region fed many parts of Burundi through growing particular foods such as legumes and cereals. Family farming was market-oriented. Kirundo alone includes 8 lakes which offer opportunities for field irrigation. Today, this region is the first province in Burundi which shows a high rate of malnutrition, as poverty has increased and a sharp 53.9 % decline in agricultural production has been witnessed between 1996 and 2009. The aim of this article is to analyse the role of social capital through the local association network in improving family agriculture and the resilience to climate change and conflict crisis. In this study, 73 farmers were surveyed in Kirundo province through means of a questionnaire, and the study was completed by collecting secondary data. Analysis of the data reveals that, despite recurrent droughts in that region which caused deaths due to famines and displacement of people to neighbouring countries such as Rwanda and Tanzania, 44% of the farmers who were surveyed were shown to have resilience to climate change. The analysis of data shows that these farmers were members of well organised local associations, and had learned about specific topics such as financial management, processing and storage of agricultural products and livestock. The social capital network positively influences their income and their resilience to climate change and conflict crisis.
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Zanzi, Ambrogio, Valentina Vaglia, Roberto Spigarolo, and Stefano Bocchi. "Assessing Agri-Food Start-Ups Sustainability in Peri-Urban Agriculture Context." Land 10, no. 4 (April 7, 2021): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10040384.
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Latest international directives indicate the need for sustainable development, linking socio-economic and environmental aspects, to reach the goals set by Agenda 2030. In this context, peri-urban agriculture can represent the opportunity to increase cities’ sustainability, improving their liveability level, fulfilling a crucial social part since it assures new sources of job opportunities and territorial requalification. This study presents a peri-urban requalification experience, conducted in Milan, Italy, where, within the European funded project OpenAgri, eight agri-food start-ups began their activities in a peri-urban area at the southern gates of the city. The study aims to assess and evaluate these start-ups’ sustainability using the Sustainability Assessment of Food and Agriculture systems (SAFA), which considers four sustainability pillars: Good governance, economic resilience, environmental integrity and social well-being. The application of SAFA indicators to the eight start-ups revealed their positive aspects and some limitations, typical of some not structured enterprises. The research describes a scalable and replicable example of peri-urban agriculture’s potentiality in solving environmental, social and economic issues and tests FAO’s SAFA framework, which is still unexplored in this sustainability assessment context.
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Baffoe, Gideon, Josephine Malonza, Vincent Manirakiza, and Leon Mugabe. "Understanding the Concept of Neighbourhood in Kigali City, Rwanda." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (February 19, 2020): 1555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041555.
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Though the relevance of the concept of neighbourhood in both research and policy oriented circles is unquestionable, the concept remains contested and fluid, making its operationalisation a daunting task, particularly in practice. This study explores how the concept of neighbourhood has been operationalised in Kigali city and how the neighbourhood boundaries and typologies are defined. The paper dwells on the review of relevant literature, interviews with 25 practitioners and field observations. It is argued that neighbourhood conceptualisation in Kigali is both theory—it bears the common aspects of neighbourhood definitions—and practice driven, reflecting modernity and context. On the one hand, modernity suggests the desire of planning authorities to follow contemporary planning practices. Context, on the other hand, reflects the desire to tailor local policies to country specific challenges. While boundaries follow subjective, administrative and physical models, typologies tend to be overly physical, focusing mainly on housing structures. The study identified three conventional neighbourhood typologies—planned, informal and mixed types. Given the predominance of informal and mixed neighbourhoods, this study further argues that such areas form the ‘bedroom’ and ‘transit point’ for most lower- and middle-class workers, in addition to serving as a ‘laboratory’ for testing various social interventions. The study recommends a well-serviced mixed classification typology to foster a strong sense of belongingness.
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Franklin, Kristin, and James Oehmke. "Building African Agribusiness through Trust and Accountability." Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies 9, no. 1 (May 14, 2019): 22–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jadee-01-2018-0005.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the social institutions of trust, accountability and corporate shared value in creating an enabling environment for private sector investment in African agricultural and food systems.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses mixed methods. A value chain framework models interactions among stakeholders in the agriculture, agribusiness and food sectors. The social institutions of accountability and trust are introduced into the model, followed by a Rwanda premium coffee value chain case study.FindingsThe conceptual and case study results show that best practices can increase smallholder farmer, agricultural service provider, financial intermediary, and food processor investments in and benefits from the agriculture sector.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research is needed on the economic foundations of development cooperation based on trust, accountability and shared values, best practices and the link with desired societal outcomes, such as the sustainable development goals.Social implicationsMutual accountability processes, as they are maturing in Africa, are at the cutting edge of creating processes where multiple stakeholders, including agribusiness, can come together to make joint commitments to a shared development agenda, and where stakeholders hold themselves and others accountable for meeting these commitments.Originality/valueThis is the first paper to bring together cutting-edge advances in corporate shared values, trust and accountability in the context of African agricultural and agribusiness development.
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Purike, Era. "Analysis Of Food System Resilience In Kampong Cireundeu, Leuwigajah, South Cimahi, Cimahi." International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability, and Social Science 1, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.38142/ijesss.v1i1.47.
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Sustainable agriculture and food system resilience are two interrelated things where the assessment of the sustainability of social, ecological, economic and consumption aspects is the main consideration in assessing the resilience of a food system. Kampong Cireundeu is an area that has a group of people who choose staple foods made from cassava instead of rice. Food systems are exposed to natural environmental resources that can be utilized (ecological conditions), political policies and structures, consumption culture and social safety nets that exist in society. This study aims to analyze the conditions of the resilience of the existing food system in Kampong Cireundeu. The food system in Kampong Cireundeu also implements sustainable agriculture. There are four dimensions that are used to explain the resilience of the food system in Kampong Cireundeu, where all three aspects are also included in the indication of sustainable agriculture. The four dimensions are (1) Ecological Dimensions; (2) Economic Dimensions; (3) Consumption Dimensions; (4) Social Dimensions. All of these dimensions are analyzed and the authors conclude that the food system in Kampong Cireundeu is in a vulnerable condition but the choice of cassava staple food could increase the resilience of the food system.
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Pavlish, Carol, Anita Ho, and Ann-Marie Rounkle. "Health and human rights advocacy: Perspectives from a Rwandan refugee camp." Nursing Ethics 19, no. 4 (April 11, 2012): 538–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733011421627.
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Working at the bedside and within communities as patient advocates, nurses frequently intervene to advance individuals’ health and well-being. However, the International Council of Nurses’ Code of Ethics asserts that nurses should expand beyond the individual model and also promote a rights-enabling environment where respect for human dignity is paramount. This article applies the results of an ethnographic human rights study with displaced populations in Rwanda to argue for a rights-based social advocacy role for nurses. Human rights advocacy strategies include sensitization, participation, protection, good governance, and accountability. By adopting a rights-based approach to advocacy, nurses contribute to health agendas that include more just social relationships, equitable access to opportunities, and health-positive living situations for all persons.
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Slabe-Erker, Renata, Maja Klun, and Barbara Lampič. "Assessment of Agricultural Sustainability at Regional Level in Slovenia." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 14, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/14.2.209-223(2016).
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Due to the steadily evolving concept of sustainability and new challenges for European agriculture, the sustainability concept has not been fully operationalized in practice, particularly not in the local level. This paper aims to make the concept of sustainable development operational through the elaboration of the Regional Agriculture Sustainability Index (RASI). Our research hypothesis is that sustainability aspects are not equally represented in regional agricultural development. The research confirmed large regional differences in achieving sustainability in agriculture and, additionally, particularly large differences between the various aspects of sustainability. In general, Slovenian regions show high environmental sustainability, while there was an obvious gap in the economic and social area in seven or five regions, respectively. We assume that common agricultural policy (CAP) requirements with their emphasized environmental component significantly contribute to the picture of unbalanced agricultural sustainability in Slovenian regions.
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Csatári, Gábor Bence. "Economic aspects of innovation in sheep breeding." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 31 (November 24, 2008): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/31/3002.
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Innovation, as a factor influencing the success of farming, is of outstanding importance also in agriculture. Only those businesses (enterprises, companies) can be successful in the longrun which are able to adapt the new technological elements and to make their own developments occasionally and make them suitable for practical utilization.The innovation activities performed by the enterprises, business organizations can be evaluated at firm (microeconomic) and national economy (macroeconomic) levels. In the case of sheep breeding also, a complex evaluation system should be applied, since this is a sector, which has significant rural development and social impacts. The innovation processes are analysed from the identification of the problem inducing research and development until the return of the invested resources.
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FIELKE, SIMON J., and DOUGLAS K. BARDSLEY. "A Brief Political History of South Australian Agriculture." Rural History 26, no. 1 (March 9, 2015): 101–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095679331400017x.
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Abstract:This paper aims to explain why South Australian agricultural land use is focused on continually increasing productivity, when the majority of produce is exported, at the long-term expense of agriculturally-based communities and the environment. A historical analysis of literature relevant to the agricultural development of South Australia is used chronologically to report aspects of the industry that continue to cause concerns in the present day. The historically dominant capitalist socio-economic system and ‘anthropocentric’ world views of farmers, politicians, and key stakeholders have resulted in detrimental social, environmental and political outcomes. Although recognition of the environmental impacts of agricultural land use has increased dramatically since the 1980s, conventional productivist, export oriented farming still dominates the South Australian landscape. A combination of market oriented initiatives and concerned producers are, however, contributing to increasing the recognition of the environmental and social outcomes of agricultural practice and it is argued here that South Australia has the opportunity to value multifunctional land use more explicitly via innovative policy.
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Muhayimana, Alice, Donatilla Mukamana, Jean Pierre Ndayisenga, Olive Tengera, Josephine Murekezi, Josette Uwacu, Eugenie Mbabazi, and Joyce Musabe. "Implications of COVID-19 Lockdown on Child Preparedness among Rwandan Families." Research Journal of Health Sciences 8, no. 3 (October 9, 2020): 214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/rejhs.v8i3.8.
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The world is currently facing the fatal viral pandemic called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), earlier named 2019-novel coronavirus (2019- nCoV). Every country of the world keeps responding to the challenges posed by covid-19 in all aspects of human endeavour with high demand and burden on health care. The report of the first case in Rwanda on 14th March 2020 was accompanied by actions to drive control measures by the government of Rwanda importantly to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Those measures included education on personal preventive behaviours, social distancing and restricting the movement of people locally, nationally and internationally resulting to lockdown that allowed only essential services. Lockdown has particularly affected Rwandan families with pregnant mothers in the context of childbirth preparation in different aspects. This review paper articulates the possible various dimensions of influence of the COVID-19 lockdown on birth preparedness by families and the possible maternal and neonatal health adverse outcomes that may be associated. This is with the intention of helping health care providers and other stakeholders anticipate, track and prepare for appropriate mitigation to reduce maternal-neonatal morbidity and mortality.
French title: Implications du verrouillage de COVID-19 sur la préparation des enfants dans les familles RwandaisesLe monde est actuellement confronté à la pandémie virale mortelle appelée maladie à coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), précédemment appelée 2019-nouveau coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Chaque pays du monde continue de répondre aux défis posés par le Covid-19 dans tous les aspects de l'activité humaine avec une forte demande et un fardeau sur les soins de santé. Le rapport du premier cas au Rwanda le 14e mars 2020 a été accompagné d'actions à conduire des mesures de contrôle par le gouvernement du Rwanda important pour prévenir la propagation de Covid-19. Ces mesures comprenaient une éducation sur les comportements personnels de prévention, la distanciation sociale et la restriction de la circulation des personnes aux niveaux local, national et international, entraînant un verrouillage qui n'autorisait que les services essentiels. Le verrouillage a particulièrement affecté les familles Rwandaises de mères enceintes dans le cadre de la préparation à l'accouchement sous différents aspects. Cet article de synthèse articule les différentes dimensions possibles de l'influence du verrouillage du COVID-19 sur la préparation à la naissance des familles et les éventuels effets indésirables sur la santé maternelle et néonatale qui peuvent être associés. Ceci dans le but d'aider les prestataires de soins de santé et les autres parties prenantes à anticiper, suivre et préparer des mesures d'atténuation appropriées pour réduire la morbidité et la mortalité materné-néonatales.
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Glover, Dominic, James Sumberg, Giel Ton, Jens Andersson, and Lone Badstue. "Rethinking technological change in smallholder agriculture." Outlook on Agriculture 48, no. 3 (July 22, 2019): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030727019864978.
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The concept of technology adoption (along with its companions, diffusion and scaling) is commonly used to design development interventions, to frame impact evaluations and to inform decision-making about new investments in development-oriented agricultural research. However, adoption simplifies and mischaracterises what happens during processes of technological change. In all but the very simplest cases, it is likely to be inadequate to capture the complex reconfiguration of social and technical components of a technological practice or system. We review the insights of a large and expanding literature, from various disciplines, which has deepened understanding of technological change as an intricate and complex sociotechnical reconfiguration, situated in time and space. We explain the problems arising from the inappropriate use of adoption as a framing concept and propose an alternative conceptual framework for understanding and evaluating technological change. The new approach breaks down technology change programmes into four aspects: propositions, encounters, dispositions and responses. We begin to sketch out how this new framework could be operationalised.
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Ivanchenko, Vitalii. "Organizational and institutional support for sustainable development of entrepreneurship in agriculture." Ekonomika APK 314, no. 12 (December 28, 2020): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202012074.
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The purpose of the article is to reveal the main theoretical and methodological aspects of organizational and institutional support for sustainable development of entrepreneurship in agriculture. Research methods. During the research, dialectical methods of scientific knowledge of the process of sustainable development of entrepreneurship in agriculture were used, primarily analysis and synthesis as well as induction and deduction to characterize the organizational and institutional parts of the provision. Research results. It has been established that the system of organizational and institutional support for sustainable development of entrepreneurship in agriculture combines various interdisciplinary aspects of the economic, social and environmental components for organizing activities in the sustainable development system and forming the rules and systems by which these components function. The institutional component of ensuring the activities of the enterprise makes it possible to combine various organizational processes and form various directions in production to ensure the implementation of the goals of the social, environmental or economic components of sustainable development of entrepreneurship in agriculture. Scientific novelty. The main points of organizational and institutional support for sustainable development of entrepreneurship in agriculture are described and the main components of this process are revealed. Practical significance. The main features of organizational and institutional support of sustainable development should be used as a basis for further research into the nature of institutions and the process of organizing production for the system of sustainable development of entrepreneurship. Tabl.: 1. Figs.: 2. Refs.: 12.
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Eramian, Laura. "Neither obedient nor resistant: state history as cultural resource in post-genocide Rwanda." Journal of Modern African Studies 55, no. 4 (November 23, 2017): 623–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x17000404.
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ABSTRACTFollowing the 1994 genocide, scholars have criticised the Rwandan government's official account of national history and its restrictions on competing historical narratives. But what might Rwandans be doing with that state narrativebesidesconforming to it out of fear of reprisal? I argue that to understand what sustains official narratives we must grasp not only their coercive aspects, but also how social actors put them to work for different reasons. I offer four possible forms of agency in which Rwandans engage when they reproduce official history to show how – while forcibly imposed – government narratives are nonetheless cultural resources that people can turn to personal and collective visions, projects and desires. The article aims to develop a more robust understanding of how people respond to imposed narratives of nationhood and history, since it is important to attend not only to resistance, but also conformity to them.
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Duram, Leslie, and Lydia Oberholtzer. "A geographic approach to place and natural resource use in local food systems." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 25, no. 2 (March 30, 2010): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170510000104.
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AbstractThis article illuminates the geographic concept of ‘place’ in local foods. Because the social aspects of local food have been more fully addressed in previous literature, this review focuses instead on the ecological aspects of farming and food. First, the literature on natural resource use in agriculture provides contextual understanding of water use, biodiversity, soils and agro-ecological methods. The complex relationship between climate change and agriculture is described and models assessing the impacts of climate change on agriculture are detailed. The geography of local food is specifically addressed by describing methods for assessing natural resource use in local food, including food miles, consumer transportation, scale and community, agricultural methods and diet. Finally, future research paths are suggested to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the environmental impact of local food. Such research would encompass the geography of local food through development of broader, more inclusive strategy, including the concept of the ‘ecological appetite’ of crops and foods, the union of both social and ecological aspects of resource use, the linkages between rural and urban producers and consumers and the inclusion of farmers’ ecological knowledge. Overall, the geography of local food seeks to assess the where of food production and consumption, while incorporating key issues of how (agro-ecological methods benefiting the community) and what (locally appropriate crops).
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Šrédl, Karel, Marie Prášilová, Lucie Severová, Roman Svoboda, and Michal Štěbeták. "Social and Economic Aspects of Sustainable Development of Livestock Production and Meat Consumption in the Czech Republic." Agriculture 11, no. 2 (January 26, 2021): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11020102.
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The aim of this article was to express social and economic aspects of the sustainable livestock production in relation to meat consumption in the Czech Republic and to predict the possibilities of further development of livestock production in the conditions of Czech agriculture. With the accession of Czechia to the EU (2004), the structure of Czech agriculture changed to the detriment of livestock production. The decisive sectors of livestock production are pig breeding, cattle breeding and poultry farming. This article (contribution) analyzes trends in the development of production in the basic categories of livestock, and it evaluates the degree of self-sufficiency of the economy in the given sector of agricultural production and the consumption of individual types of meat in Czechia. Using Holt’s model of statistical analysis, it then predicts the future consumption of meat and its individual types in the Czech Republic in the years 2020–2024. As research has shown, the sustainable development of livestock production and meat consumption in the Czech Republic depends not only on the mutual size of meat production and consumption or its quality, but also significantly on the market prices of meat (including world prices), as well as changes in eating habits of the population.
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Nascimento, Deise Cristiane do, and Maria Herbênia Lima Cruz Santos. "Characterization of Family Farming in the Semi-Arid Region of Bahia." Journal of Agricultural Studies 9, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v9i1.17997.
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The article aims to characterize the transformations that have occurred in family agriculture by examining the social, economic and political aspects in the semi-arid region of Bahia. It has as its central axis the statement that the rural world remains an important category for the analysis of relations among social classes. For this purpose, a bibliographic review was carried out on the subject, as well as the legal frameworks that legitimize the insertion of family agriculture. This study opted for the adoption of the dialectical materialism method, since the semi-arid region is part of a set that materializes in social, economic and political relations, influencing and receiving influence from the environment. Moreover, based on data from the 2017 Agricultural Census, a quantitative analysis was made by comparing establishments belonging to the family and non-family agriculture categories. Finally, it is believed that this study may contribute to understanding the characteristics of family agriculture and encourage seeking actions and public policies that consider the peculiarities of the farmers' way of life.
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Samarina, Vera, Aleksandr Samarin, and Tatiana Skufina. "Socio-economic aspects of steel production in conditions of Russia agriculture machinery demand increase." E3S Web of Conferences 175 (2020): 13030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017513030.
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The paper is devoted to the study of socio-economic aspects of the production of Russian steel. A distinctive feature of the Russian steel industry is that it is deservedly considered one of the basic sectors of the national economy. The paper proves that the dynamics of production began to serve as an indicator of the development of the Russian industry and economy. It is shown in which industries steel is used in the national economy. The paper shows that steel production plays a special important role in the Russian economy. The place of Russia in the world steel market is shown. The ranking of the leading countries in the production of steel is presented. The authors have substantiated and highlighted the following main socio-economic aspects of steel production in Russia: production and economic; social; financial;environmental and integration. It is stated that the revealed aspects determine state and development prospects of Russia’s metallurgical complex.It is also shown that the systemic crisis in production is aggravated by the social aspect. The influence of the production of steel on the formation of aspects of the vital activity of the population in Russian single-industry cities is revealed. Steel enterprises form the industrial specialization of such cities and significantly affect the vital activities of people. The authors have made use of the material concerning the features of mono-industrial cities located in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation; special attention has been paid to the residents’ socialproblems.
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DELGADO-RAMOS, GIAN CARLO. "ETHICAL, SOCIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF NANOTECHNOLOGIES: A READING FROM MEXICO." International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 10, no. 02 (April 2013): 1340001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219877013400014.
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The capacity to manipulate matter at the atoms scale promises such a potential that, both positive and eventual negative aspects of nanotechnology are part of current debate. Nano-applications promise to revolutionize healthcare, energy production, agriculture, environmental remediation solutions, and most of manufacturing processes; in fact some earliest products are already hitting the market. At the same time socioeconomic, legal, environmental and ethical aspects stand as issues of legitimate public concern that policy makers are faced to address. It is a context in which an open, constructive, and permanent dialogue among diverse social actors seems to be needed in order to avoid or reduce unnecessary costs and probable risks, while promoting benefits. This paper offers an overview of such aspects from Mexican perspective. After a general introduction, it describes and contrasts the promotion of nanoscience and nanotechnology worldwide and in Mexico. A brief discussion on legal aspects follows, including intellectual rights and patenting challenges ahead. Finally the need of an ad hoc regulatory framework takes us to discuss the relevance of a social dialogue and management as a democratic way of promoting a responsible development of nanotechnologies.
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Колесникова, Елена, Elena Kolesnikova, Татьяна Чекменева, Tatyana Chekmeneva, Ольга Котова, and Olga Kotova. "SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE CAPACITY FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE RESOURCE REGIONS." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic sciences 2017, no. 4 (December 25, 2017): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2500-3372-2017-4-35-41.
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Sustainable development of rural areas and the agricultural sector is very important for resource regions, the gross regional product of which is formed by 50% due to extraction and processing of minerals. In order to be able to conduct a competent policy for the development of agriculture in municipal areas, it is necessary to assess the existing potential of rural areas in the municipal districts. The article describes the application of the author’s approach to the assessment of the resource potential for the development of agriculture in the region by the example of the Kemerovo region. It features indicators of the resource potential of rural territories, which determine various aspects of the development of the territory: economic, social and infrastructural. The data of the municipal statistics of the official websites of Russian Federal State Statistics Service (Kemerovo Statistics Agency) are used as a basis for analysis and evaluation. The results of the analysis allow the authors to rank the municipal districts according to the method of rating evaluation based on the proposed indicators. The paper involves some conclusions about the priorities for the development of agriculture in certain municipal areas of the region.
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Raupp, Joachim. "Some ideas and guidelines for research on ecological agriculture." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 9, no. 1-2 (June 1994): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300005671.
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AbstractResearch on ecological agricultural systems should not confine itself to their biological and technological aspects, but should also deal with their social and human implications. Moreover, the goal should be to improve ecological agriculture, not just to document the performance of existing systems. Comparative studies of ecological versus conventional production systems are not adequate to achieve this goal. We need a broad research program that deals with fundamental agroecosystem processes, socioeconomic questions, appropriate livestock production systems, food quality, and information transfer among farmers and others. Research strategies on several levels are needed for this purpose, such as pot and field experiments, case studies, and modeling.