Academic literature on the topic 'Agriculture Traditional farming'
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Journal articles on the topic "Agriculture Traditional farming"
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Kirubanand, VB, V. Rohini, and V. Laxmankumar. "Internet of Things in Agriculture to Revolutionize Traditional Agricultural Industry." ITM Web of Conferences 37 (2021): 01018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20213701018.
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Agriculture is familiarly called “Farming”. Agriculture is the basic art to cultivate food which is a necessary need to every living individual. Agriculture needs the practice of science for cultivating the soil factors and growing crops. In traditional farming, it includes more labor work and less yield quantity. This demerit can be overcome by the modern farming techniques which makes use of the advanced technology and focuses on maximizing the yield and maintaining the quality. Earlier the farmers used to figure out the type of the soil based on their suspicion and they would never think of the humidity, temperature, climatic condition and especially the level of water. IoT is trying to overcome all these factors by helping to assemble the information. This paper focuses on the soil moisture and soil type which lets the farmer know about the type of crops to be grown.
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Bisht, Ishwari Singh, Jai Chand Rana, and Sudhir Pal Ahlawat. "The Future of Smallholder Farming in India: Some Sustainability Considerations." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (May 6, 2020): 3751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093751.
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The biodiverse, predominantly crop-livestock mixed-farming in India is key to ensuring resilience to climate change and sustainability of smallholder farming agroecologies. Farmers traditionally grow diverse crops as polyculture, and agriculture is mainly organic/biodynamic with spirituality in food systems deeply ingrained. Job-driven out-migration of rural youths, the family labor force, and globalization of contemporary food choices under corporate industrial agriculture both adversely affect sustainability of traditional farming landscapes and compromise the nutrition and health of rural farming communities. Besides documenting information on general agri-food system policy inputs, our paper presents the results of an exploratory study of four crucial community-level initiatives conducted in four distinct agroecological landscapes of India, aimed at bringing sustainability to traditional farming and food systems. The driving force for fundamental change in agri-food system, and in society, is the question of sustainability. The organic and local food movements are but specific phases of the larger, more fundamental sustainable agri-food movement. While it is very critical to increase farmer livelihood, it is even more important to increase overall rural economy. It was found that four important interventions viz. linking organic agriculture to community-supported agriculture (CSA) initiatives; linking small-holder farming to school meal (MDM) programmes; enhanced market access and value chain development for local agricultural produce; and creation of employment opportunities at community level for rural youths and reducing over-dependence of rural population on agriculture as source of income can make traditional farming more profitable and sustainable. The transition to more sustainable methods of farming by selling the farm produce “locally” helps both consumers and farmers alike and is considered a future strength of smallholder Indian agriculture.
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Gill, Rana. "A Review on Various Techniques to Transform Traditional Farming to Precision Agriculture." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 2 (April 11, 2021): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.690.
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The agricultural sector is of great importance to fulfill food resources need of the country. Precision Agriculture (PA) with Internet of Things and Wireless Sensor Network is a transformation from traditional farming to smart farming. Wireless sensor networks and Internet of Things are considered as drivers to develop system which can change agriculture sector from manual to automatic. Advancement in the technology have pushed the growth of precision agriculture to very large extent despite of several challenges faced in this area. System for precision agriculture relies on hardware components mainly wireless sensors which act as a source for gathering of real time data. Depending upon the real time date retrieved by sensors automation in agriculture is done by adopting decision-based system. With Precision agriculture productivity is optimized by maintaining sustaniability as crop receives what is acutual requirement on the basis of new techniques and software platforms. This review article includes Inernet of Things (IoT), Wireless Sensors, Wireless communication and challenges faced in this area.
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Bisht, Ishwari Singh, Jai Chand Rana, Rashmi Yadav, and Sudhir Pal Ahlawat. "Mainstreaming Agricultural Biodiversity in Traditional Production Landscapes for Sustainable Development: The Indian Scenario." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 21, 2020): 10690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410690.
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Mainstreaming biodiversity in production landscapes ensures conservation and sustainable use of agricultural biodiversity, the key objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the projects supported by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) Global Environment Facility (GEF). Mainstreaming integrates biodiversity in existing or new programs and policies, both cross-sectoral and sector-specific. The conventional model of agricultural production with limited diversity in production systems and use of high chemical input has taught us a valuable lesson as it is adversely impacting the environment, the essential ecosystem services, the soil health and the long term sustainability of our food systems. Using a qualitative participant observation approach, our study investigated four distinct traditional Indian production landscapes to gage (i) the farming communities’ response to institutional policies, programs and agricultural biodiversity-related activities in traditional Indian production landscapes and (ii) opportunities and challenges for sustainable development in smallholder traditional Indian farming systems. Results indicate that the top-down decision-making regime is the least effective towards achieving sustainable development in traditional Indian farming landscapes and that farmers’ experiential knowledge on participatory biodiversity management, maintenance and use for sustainable development are of critical importance to India’s agriculture and economy. Reclaiming agriculture’s spiritual roots through organic farming and locally grown food emerged as key, including the need for designing and implementing a more sovereign food system. Revisiting traditional smallholder farming under the COVID-19 pandemic and lessons learned for repurposing India’s agricultural policy are also highlighted.
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Polushkina, Tatiana, Yulia Akimova, Elena Kovalenko, and Olga Yakimova. "Organic agriculture in the system of the sustainable use of natural resources." BIO Web of Conferences 17 (2020): 00219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20201700219.
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World experience indicates that the problems of ensuring sustainable development of agriculture have become an urgent need, therefore, the concepts of traditional technology for cultivating crops should be substantially revised not only from the standpoint of environmental management, but also to improve the economic situation in the industry. Greening of agriculture contributes to natural restoration of soil fertility, maintaining the balance of nature, on which agricultural economy largely depends. A growing quantity of farms in the USA, China, Russia, India, Japan and the EU countries conduct their farming in harmony with nature. The ultimate goals of their activities are ecologically balanced farming, animal husbandry and this agriculture industry technology acts as an alternative to traditional (industrial) farming. Development of organic agriculture involves the search and implementation of new technologies from a science-based position and due to the laws of optimal environmental management. In the article, the authors substantiate the need to enhance introduction of organic farming methods in order to ensure sustainable development and sustainable use of natural resources. Based on the study of foreign agriculture experience, the authors developed a number of key measures for the development of organic agriculture in Russian conditions.
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Coldwell, Ian. "New farming masculinities." Journal of Sociology 43, no. 1 (March 2007): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783307073936.
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Studies have suggested that traditional gender identity constructions of farmers tend to accompany conventional methods of farming and so are implicated in stalling the transition to sustainable agriculture. This article attempts to build on this work by exploring how young male farmers construct their masculine identities and how those identity constructions shape and are shaped by their farming practices and the social conditions in which those farming practices are carried out. Reflexivity is a significant part of this process. This exploratory study is based on focus group discussions conducted in one locality in Northern Victoria, among young male dairy farmers. Analysis of the findings supports the existence of a traditional-modern dualism in rural masculine identities. What is also evident is that more open and flexible masculine identities are emerging among young farmers, suggesting that existing tensions in agriculture situated at the nexus of alternative farming practices and traditional agrarian ideology might be a catalyst for change toward more equitable gender relations and sustainable ways of farming.
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Burlakoti, Rishi R., Derek Lynch, Caroline Halde, Tom Beach, Sabitri Dahal, and Samir C. Debnath. "Organic agriculture project in Nepal: An international twinning partnership program initiative." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 92, no. 6 (November 2012): 997–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2011-198.
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Burlakoti, R. R., Lynch, D., Halde, C., Beach, T., Dahal, S. and Debnath, S. C. 2012. Organic agriculture project in Nepal: An international twinning partnership program initiative. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 997–1003. Agriculture is the major occupation in Nepal, contributing 32% of total gross domestic product (GDP) and 75% of the country's exports. The traditional way of farming using low inputs (inorganic fertilizers and pesticides) provides opportunities to adopt organic farming for diversified crops, with potential domestic markets and export markets in Japan and Europe. With a goal of improving the livelihood of rural ethnic marginalized farmers of the mid-western hill of Nepal, an international development project was started through a joint effort of the Agricultural Institute of Canada (AIC), Sustainable Agriculture Development Program (SADP) Nepal, the Canadian Society of Agronomy (CSA) and the Canadian Society for Horticultural Science (CSHS). The project, entitled “Research and support to organic agriculture in Tanahu district of Nepal”, commenced in April 2010. Canadian team members visited Nepal in December 2009 and 2010. To date, the project has successfully strengthened the organizational capacity of the lead organization (SADP, Nepal), conducted a baseline assessment study in the project area, assessed the potential domestic market for organic product, promoted organic farming among the ethnic marginal farmer groups (Kumal and Darai), and identified and established a strong collaborative project link with the agricultural university and scientific societies of Nepal. A proposed further 5-yr (2011 to 2016) project aims to change the traditional subsistent farming to commercial organic farming in the target area and aims to improve the livelihood of the farmers through better income generation from organic farming. The project will include scientific research on organic farming led by the Agriculture and Forestry University, Nepal, in collaboration with other scientific societies of Nepal. The CSA and CSHS will provide technical input, advice for the project, and monitor and supervise the project progress.
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Cho, So-Hyeon, Dong-Seok Kang, Min-Song Kang, Hyeon-Soo Kim, Jin-Woong Bae, Chung-Il Lee, Han-Byeol Ji, Yo-Han Won, Hyeon-Kyeong Hong, and Kyounggon Kim. "A Study on Threat Modeling in Smart Greenhouses." Journal of Information Security and Cybercrimes Research 3, no. 1 (December 20, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26735/kkjn1042.
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In the era of agriculture 4.0, cutting-edge technologies including Information and communication technology (ICT) is being introduced into traditional agriculture. As farm intelligence emerges as a key area of smart agriculture, the scope of agriculture has expanded from the seed industry to distribution and logistics, however the area that is still most directly connected to the physical agricultural environment is smart farming. Cybersecurity incidents or cybercrimes in smart farming can directly damage crops and harm human safety. Research on individual technical elements that constitute smart farming has been ongoing for a long time relatively, however it has not been long since the work of systematically identifying and classifying threats to smart agriculture as a whole. In this study, STRIDE threat modeling is used to identify cyber threats to greenhouse and make system design more robust. Through this work, we have derived 126 threats and have created 4 types of attack trees. It will be the basis to allow systematic threat classification more clearly in smart greenhouse.
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Špulerová, Jana, Monika Drábová, and Juraj Lieskovský. "Traditional agricultural landscape and their management in less favoured areas in Slovakia." Ekológia (Bratislava) 35, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eko-2016-0001.
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Abstract Traditional agricultural landscapes are a mosaic of small-scale arable fields and permanent agricultural cultivations such as grasslands, vineyards and high-trunk orchards. Most of them are threatened by abandonment as they are usually situated in marginal mountain regions with less favourable conditions for agriculture. Our aim was to analyse the distribution of traditional agricultural landscapes in less favoured areas and the effects of the supportive measures of the Common Agricultural Policy, which are oriented towards helping farmers from these areas in maintaining traditional agriculture. Except for traditional agricultural vineyard landscapes, almost all TAL plots are situated in less favoured areas. Most of them are located in mountain areas with less favourable conditions for agriculture. Abandonment of traditional agricultural landscape inside the less favoured areas is significantly higher than in locations elsewhere. The supportive measures of the Common Agricultural Policy do not effectively mitigate this abandonment. If we would like to maintain traditional agricultural landscape in less favoured areas, it is necessary to stop the existing negative trend of abandonment and search for new ways to motivate farmers to continue their traditional farming by adjusting the conditions of the common agricultural policy to benefit small farmers as well.
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Ghimire, Shree Ram. "Environmental Concern in Nepalese Agriculture." Journal of Agriculture and Environment 9 (August 2, 2009): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v9i0.2115.
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Semi traditional to early commercial agriculture system of Nepal has now its economic move in transition from agricultural to early industrial track of economic development. An attempt has been made to assess the relationship between the emerging modern agriculture practices and environmental depletion. Some of the developmental challenges of Nepal like small land holdings, weather dependent farming systems, low per capita income, underdeveloped physical infrastructures and inefficient bureaucratic procedures are associated with comparatively higher cost of agricultural production. Natural disasters and human induced environmental degradation are closely associated with improved farming systems. Nepal has preferential ways of producing niche agricultural products by exploiting its inherent diversified climate to cope with the global open market challenges. Competitive agribusinesses along with the adoption of environmental protection measures keeping the strategy of import substitution and export promotion are the ways for sustainable agriculture development in the country. Key Words: Competitive agri-business, development infrastructures, environmental depletion, open-global market, sustainable developmentThe Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:.9, Jun.2008 Page: 41-45
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Agriculture Traditional farming"
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Sherif, Souad Mohammed. "The economic feasibility of introducing aquaculture into traditional farming systems in Arizona." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288781.
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The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the economic feasibility of introducing fish culture into irrigated cotton production on farms in central Arizona. The representative farm adopted in this study is a cotton farm described in Arizona Field Crop Budgets, 1994-95. The only adjustment necessary for the farmer to make is to keep water in the ditches at all times. Water as a production variable for fish production was thus calculated only for the additional quantity required. Analysis of these production systems was accomplished by budgeting procedures as well as statistical analysis. The economic-engineering (synthetic firm technique) was employed to develop the input-output coefficients necessary for analysis. Five fish densities and eight ditch capacities were tested. The production function was estimated using input and yield data. Three functional forms (linear, quadratic and Cobb-Douglas) were examined to determine how well they estimated the production system. Using budget analysis, a fish stocking density of six fish per cubic meter and a ditch capacity of 2,925 m3 appear to provide the optimal production scenario, if the percentage of fish reaching harvestable size is improved from 66 percent to at least 80 percent. This density has been proven to require minimum production costs and to provide the most efficient use of resources. However, production functions estimated in this study indicate that profits can be increased through additional use of feed. At any ditch capacity, a density of six fish per cubic meter, provides the optimal economic results, MVP = PX2 Finally, the implication of the findings of this study are that raising tilapia in irrigation ditch systems on cotton farms in central Arizona is feasible at a stocking density of six fish per cubic meter. Studies to improve the percentage of fish reaching marketable size at this density is very critical. Increasing the initial size of the fingerlings could be a consideration in improving the percentage of fish reaching marketable size and eventually increasing optimum economic returns.
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Grubbs, Morris Allen. "Wendell Berry’s Cyclic Vision: Traditional Farming as Metaphor." TopSCHOLAR®, 1990. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1552.
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Although Wendell Berry’s first book, a novel, appeared in 1960, he did not gain significant national attention until the publication of his nonfiction manifesto, The Unsettling of America: Culture and Agriculture, in 1977. Since its publication, Berry has moved increasingly toward the prose of persuasion as he continues to sharpen his argument in support of a practical, continuous harmony between the human economy and Nature. His canon as a whole – the poems, essays, and novels – is an ongoing and thorough exploration of man’s use of and relationship to the land.
Arguing that the health of a culture is linked to the health of its land, Berry focuses on agriculture, particularly the growing conflict between traditional farming (which espouses a harmonious cyclic vision) and modern agribusiness (which espouses a discordant linear vision). As a traditional farmer wedded to the land, Berry derives his ideas and images largely from his practical experiences and form his devotion to careful and responsible land stewardship. He also, in his nonfiction, turns to several agricultural (as well as a few literary) writers of the past and present to lend support to his arguments.
Berry’s strong sense of Nature’s cycle is the basis for his imagery of departures and returns. As a crucial part of the cycle, death is prerequisite to life, and Berry shows the importance of understanding “that the land we live on and the lives we live are the gifts of death” (Home Economics 62). The power of Nature’s cycle is at once destructive and restorative; Berry teaches that by allying our human economy more with natural cyclic processes rather than with man-made linear – and ultimately destructive – ones, we and future generations can live with hope and assurance through the possibility of renewal.
Traditional farming has taught Berry the concepts which inform his poems and essays (as well as his novels and short stories, which merit a separate study beyond the scope of this paper.) For example, he has learned, and continues to learn, the importance of understanding and acknowledging the primal, and ruling, character of a “place”; of looking to Nature for guidance, instruction, and justice; and of allying farming practices to Nature’s “Wheel” of birth, growth, maturity, death, and decay. This cycle and related motifs unify and connect his central themes, particularly death as a means of renewal. In Berry’s view, one of the cruxes in the agricultural crisis is that, whereas traditional farming seeks a natural balance between growth and decay, industrial farming, because of its pull toward mass production, stresses growth only (a linear inclination), which wears out the land and leads inevitably to infertility. Tracing our modern crisis to our past and to our present character and culture, Berry shows the ramifications of our abuse of Nature’s “gifts.”
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Boag, Franca Elise. "Integrated Mediterranean farming and pastoral systems : local knowledge and ecological infrastructure of Italian dryland farming /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq22954.pdf.
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Vorster, Halina Johanna. "The role and production of traditional leafy vegetables in three rural communities in South Africa." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02122009-115129/.
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Milestad, Rebecka. "Building farm resilience : prospects and challenges for organic farming /." Uppsala : Dept. of Rural Development Studies, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/a375.pdf.
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Larsson, Jimmie. "Traditional agricultural landscapes and their importance in the fight against land degradation." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-43201.
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Markförstöring är idag ett utbrett problem som till stor del är orsakat av konventionellt jordbruk och ohållbar markanvändning. Traditionella jordbrukslandskap har i många områden bedrivits under lång tid utan att uppvisa samma problem samtidigt som de haft hög artmångfald. Denna litteraturstudie studerar dessa landskap med inriktning på Europa och Ostasien. Resultatet visar att det är flera faktorer som är viktiga i deras bevarande av artmångfald såsom heterogenitet, konnektivitet och intermediära störningar. Utöver detta så är effektiv återvinning av näringsämnen, användning av poly-kulturer och jordbrukslandskapens låga intensitet, viktiga faktorer som skyddat dem från överexploatering. Problemet med traditionella jordbrukslandskap är att de inte är ekonomiskt hållbara. Även om restaurering av ekosystem är ett av FN:s mål det kommande decenniet så sker det inte om det inte finns ett incitament att restaurera. Genom att bättre förstå hållbara jordbrukslandskap kan vi i framtiden skapa både ekologiskt resilienta och ekonomiskt stabila produktionslandskap som inte bara gynnar samhället utan även artmångfalden.
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Derakhshani, Nava. ""God has locked the sky" : exploring traditional farming systems in Tigray, Ethiopia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97123.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Tigray region in northern Ethiopia is a historic centre of agricultural production and home to many subsistence farmers that still use traditional farming systems and practise rain-fed agriculture. The region has been affected adversely by famines and periodic droughts for centuries and is vulnerable to climate change. Farmers are producing on small plots of often degraded land and through their own actions have depleted the natural resources they rely on, in particular soil, water and trees. This study sought to explore the environmental degradation of Tigray through both a literature review of its agricultural socio-political history and a lived experience in the village of Abraha We Atsebaha among farmers of the region. It uses a variety of methodologies and methods, including a literature review, grounded theory, narrative inquiry and ethnography, to expand on the factors that have contributed to the current degradation, the implications for traditional farming and the potential for land regeneration. The first journal article seeks to explore how Ethiopians have shaped their natural environment. In particular, it focuses on deforestation, soil degradation, the role of changing governance and land-ownership patterns, and the effects of climate change. The article demonstrates that traditional farming systems do not operate in isolation from their socio-political and environmental context. The second journal article provides an in-depth narrative inquiry conducted in Abraha We Atsebaha over a three-month period in 2014. This village is known for its indigenous farming knowledge, commitment to regeneration and innovation in conservation practices. Interviews were conducted with selected farmers and local leaders and informal discussions were carried out with government extension representatives using the ethno-ecological cosmos-corpus-praxis guidelines to enable an integrated exploration of the nature of traditional farming, the causative factors of environmental deterioration and the resultant communal response. In addition to written interview notes, observations and field notes were recorded daily. Photographs are used to give a real sense of the community and their work. It emerged during this process that underlying belief systems were exceptionally important in a context of traditional conservation. Both articles discuss the development work undertaken by government in the rural farming sector and the successes and challenges faced. They also show that elements of traditional farming, sustainability measures and environmental care were suspended in favour of short-term survival as a consequence of social, political and population stressors. This study provides learning points, gained from insights gleaned from the literature review and the lived experience, for improving development interventions in this region. This study did not explicitly explore the role of religion in conservation or the potential long-term effects of current government policies and initiatives. However, it contributes to the small pool of literature on the region focused on traditional farming systems by providing a comprehensive overview of the drivers of degradation (historical and current) and offers a unique, “soft” experiential narration of a village in northern Ethiopia that allows insight into farmer experiences, pressures and adaptation efforts.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Tigray-streek in die noorde van Ethiopië is ’n historiese sentrum van landbouproduksie en die tuiste van menige bestaansboer wat nog op tradisionele boerderystelsels en reënbesproeiing staatmaak. Die streek het eeue lank onder hongersnood en periodieke droogtes gebuk gegaan en is kwesbaar vir klimaatsverandering. Boere bewerk klein stukke, dikwels afgetakelde, grond en het deur hul eie optrede die natuurlike hulpbronne waarop hulle staatmaak – veral die grond, water en bome – uitgeput. Hierdie studie was daarop toegespits om ’n beter begrip te vorm van die omgewingsaftakeling in Tigray. Vir hierdie doel is ’n literatuurstudie van die sosiopolitieke landbougeskiedenis van die gebied onderneem, en is die lewe in die dorp Abraha We Atsebaha tussen boere van die streek ervaar. Die navorsing het van ’n verskeidenheid metodologieë en metodes, waaronder ’n literatuuroorsig, gegronde teorie, narratiewe ondersoek en etnografie, gebruik gemaak om lig te werp op die faktore wat tot die huidige aftakeling bygedra het, die implikasies vir tradisionele boerdery, en die potensiaal vir grondvernuwing. Die eerste tydskrifartikel verken hoe Ethiopiërs hul natuurlike omgewing gevorm het. Dit konsentreer veral op ontbossing, grondaftakeling, die rol van veranderende staatsbestuurs- en grondbesitpatrone, en die uitwerking van klimaatsverandering. Die artikel toon dat tradisionele boerderystelsels nie afsonderlik van hul sosiopolitieke en omgewingskonteks funksioneer nie. Die tweede tydskrifartikel beskryf ’n narratiewe diepte-ondersoek wat oor ’n drie maande lange tydperk in 2014 in Abraha We Atsebaha onderneem is. Hierdie dorp is bekend vir sy inheemse landboukennis, toewyding aan vernuwing, en innoverende bewaringspraktyke. Onderhoude is met ’n uitgesoekte groep boere en plaaslike leiers gevoer, en voorligtingsbeamptes van die staat is by informele gesprekke betrek. Die etno-ekologiese cosmos-corpus-praxis-riglyne is gebruik om ’n geïntegreerde studie te onderneem van die aard van tradisionele boerdery, die oorsaaklike faktore van omgewingsaftakeling, en die gevolglike gemeenskapsreaksie. Benewens skriftelike aantekeninge gedurende die onderhoude, is waarnemings en veldnotas ook daagliks opgeteken. Foto’s word gebruik om die gemeenskap en hul werk getrou uit te beeld. Gedurende hierdie proses het aan die lig gekom dat onderliggende oortuigingstelsels besonder belangrik is in ’n tradisionele bewaringskonteks. Albei artikels bespreek die ontwikkelingswerk wat die regering in die landelike boerderysektor onderneem, sowel as die suksesse en uitdagings daarvan. Dit toon ook dat elemente van tradisionele boerdery, volhoubaarheidsmaatreëls en omgewingsorg as gevolg van maatskaplike, politieke en bevolkingsfaktore laat vaar is ten gunste van korttermynoorlewing. Die insigte wat uit die literatuuroorsig sowel as die lewenservaring in die bestudeerde gemeenskap spruit, bied lesse vir die verbetering van ontwikkelingsintervensies in die streek. Die studie het nie uitdruklik die rol van godsdiens in bewaring of die potensiële langtermynuitwerking van huidige staatsbeleide en -inisiatiewe ondersoek nie. Tog dra dit by tot die klein hoeveelheid beskikbare literatuur oor tradisionele boerderystelsels in die streek deur ’n omvattende oorsig te bied van die (historiese en huidige) snellers van aftakeling, en vertel dit ’n unieke, ‘sagte’ ervaringsverhaal oor ’n dorp in die noorde van Ethiopië om sodoende insig in landbou-ervarings, -druk en -aanpassingspogings te bied.
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Zhou, Xiaofeng. "Adoption of non-traditional enterprises by Virginia farmers." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07112009-040519/.
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Mpuzu, Misery Sikelwa. "The impact of farmer support programmes on market access of small holder farmers in the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal Provinces." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007140.
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Most smallholder farmers in South Africa are characterized by poor resources such as land, labour and capital while they play an important role in poverty alleviation especially in poor rural areas. Smallholder farmers are increasingly recognized because of their contribution to household food security. The world markets are increasingly being integrated due to globalization and liberalization. As a result, smallholder farmers are facing increasing market competition, not only in international markets but in local markets as well. However, smallholder farmers often face a number of barriers to accessing these markets arising in part from the tightening of food safety and quality standards requiring compliance with phytosanitary and sanitary standards and growing power of supply chain integration. Furthermore, the viability of these smallholder producers is constrained by institutional obstacles which include lack of access to information, high marketing and transaction costs and low quality and lack of critical volume in the absence of bulking up arrangements, etc. These barriers have contributed to the exclusion of smallholder/small-scale farmers from formal markets. In order to address these obstacles and speed up the pace of agrarian reform many support schemes (farmer support programmes) are now being designed to specifically address market access and value chain issues through unique co-innovation arrangements to improve the farmer’s access to profitable international chains. A number of farmer support programmes (FSP) have been implemented in South Africa to reduce the risk of a lack of capacity and a lack of economic and/or financial experience in smallholder farms. Intervention measures have been instituted to these smallholder farmers to assist them to move out of poverty through agricultural production. The aim of this study was to understand the roles played by farmer support programmes in addressing income and welfare levels and sustainability of smallholder farmers in South Africa. Eighty nine (89) farmers were interviewed for this study and almost half (49%) of them received support from various organizations while 51% of the sampled farmers did not receive any support. The study was designed to compare the two groups between the treated and control group to assess the impact of these programmes.Using a Tobit and Propensity Score Matching technique, potential diffusion effects were eliminated between farmers supported by Farmer Support Programmes and farmers that did not belong to support services. The latter was selected from comparable communities with no agricultural support services. Findings from the Tobit regression and propensity score matching are consistent across the two methods, suggesting that being a member of any agricultural support programme has a significant positive impact on income and welfare of smallholder farmers.Farmer Support Programmes and collective marketing activities such as the collection and sale of members’ products appear to have a significant and positive impact on smallholder welfare of those farmers engaged in them. In the second analysis the study tested the types of arrangements that farmers would adopt to market their produce. From the results it was established that those farmers who were supported by institutional arrangements or FSP had better access to markets than those farmers who operated as individuals. Marginal effects are used to show the degree to which farmers chose a particular marketing channel or institutional arrangement that these farmers take when trying to access better paying markets. Then the final analysis is on factors that determine the extent to which collective action contribute to farmers’ income and market access. A number of variables (age, distance to the market, region the farmers are located) were evaluated using the multinomial regression model. Empirical results suggest that among South African cooperatives, those established in KwaZulu-Natal and partly in the Eastern Cape and upon the voluntary initiative of farmers are more sustainable and have access to better paying markets both locally and internationally than the other areas. The results also show that NGO-supported cooperatives have a longer life span than Government controlled cooperatives.
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Long, Scot Eric. "The complexity of labor exchange among Amish farm households in Holmes County, Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1064374526.
Full textBooks on the topic "Agriculture Traditional farming"
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Gamble, David P. Traditional Mandinka agriculture. Brisbane, Calif: D.P. Gamble, 2006.
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Vishwanath, C. S. Inventory of indigenous technical knowledge in agriculture. New Delhi: Mission Unit, Divistion of Agriculture Extension, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 2002.
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Innis, Donald Q. Intercropping and the scientific basis of traditional agriculture. London: Intermediate Technology Publications, 1997.
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Heiney, Paul. Pulling punches: A traditional farming year. Ipswich, UK: Farming Press, 1994.
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Vijayalakshmi, K. Traditional Indian agriculture: An annotated bibliography. New Delhi: Wiley Eastern, 1993.
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National Science Foundation (Sri Lanka), ed. Tradition and livelihood: A study of traditional practices and technologies in agriculture, animal husbandary, irrigation, and fisheries. Colombo: National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka, 2009.
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Siriweera, W. I. Tradition and livelihood: A study of traditional practices and technologies in agriculture, animal husbandary, irrigation, and fisheries. Colombo: National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka, 2009.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Agriculture Traditional farming"
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Kulhawy, Andreas. "In transition from a 'traditional' to a 'specialised' agriculture: farming in the Duchy of Brunswick between the eighteeenth and the twenteith century." In Rural History in Europe, 121–34. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.rurhe-eb.5.112264.
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Cyrilo, Eugen, and Claude G. Mung'ong'o. "Assessment of socio-ecological resilience of agropastoralists to climate change and variability impacts in Bariadi district, Tanzania." In Climate change impacts and sustainability: ecosystems of Tanzania, 122–52. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242966.0122.
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Abstract In developing countries like Tanzania, societal vulnerability to the risks of climate change and variability (CC&V) exacerbate ongoing social and economic challenges because people's livelihoods are largely dependent on resources that are sensitive to climate change such as agriculture. Although studies show that most communities in Africa have low adaptive capacity, for centuries people have developed traditional adaptation strategies to face climate inter-annual variability and extreme events based on their long-term experiences. Various studies show how CC&V have impacted the socio-economic and and environmental conditions among the pastoral and agropastoral societies. However, little emphasis has been given to studying the community's resilience status to CC&V impacts. Much of the focus has been placed on studying the community vulnerability and impacts of CC&V as well as coping and adaptation strategies to avert CC&V impacts. Little is known on how the interaction between society and nature can enhance or reduce community resilience under changing climate. The study was conducted in two villages, Ibulyu and Mahaha, in Bariadi District. The main objective of the study was to deepen our understanding of the socio-ecological resilience of agropastoral communities to CC&V impacts in a semi-arid district. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative research designs. Quantitative data were captured through a household survey whereas qualitative data was collected through focus group discussion, key informant interviews and field observation. The results show that CC&V have negatively affected the farming system in the study area. The ecological setting of the area has significantly been altered to the extent that it cannot provide the required ecosystem services and products that are important for human and livestock sustainance. Changes in the production system have negatively affected community resilience and increased their vulnerability.
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Jentzsch, Hanno. "Subsidized Tradition, Networks, and Power: Hamlet Farming in Japan’s Changing Agricultural Support and Protection Regime." In Feeding Japan, 413–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50553-4_16.
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Smil, Vaclav. "Traditional Farming." In Energy and Civilization. The MIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262035774.003.0003.
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This chapter discusses the use of energy in traditional farming. The evolution of agriculture appears to be a continuing effort to increase land productivity (to increase digestible energy yield) in order to accommodate larger populations. Owing to the overwhelmingly vegetarian diets of all traditional peasant societies, it is important to focus on the output of digestible energy produced in staple crops in general and grains in particular. The chapter first provides an overview of the link between food energy and the evolution of peasant societies before considering the commonalities and peculiarities of tools and machines used in agronomic practices. It then examines the dominance of grains in traditional agriculture, with particular emphasis on their energy density and nutritional content. It also analyzes routes to gradual intensification of agriculture, along with the persistence and innovation in traditional farming practices. Finally, it assesses the limits and achievements of traditional agriculture.
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Brassley, Paul, and Richard Soffe. "5. Modern and traditional farming." In Agriculture: A Very Short Introduction, 86–99. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198725961.003.0006.
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There is a frequent identification of farming with tradition, even if what is seen as traditional might change over time. Farming is seen as a way of life, in which doing right by the land, producing healthy crops and livestock, employing local people, and having a thriving farm to hand on to the next generation are more important than expansion, profit maximization, and integration with the food chain. In contrast to big, modern, mechanized, globalized agribusinesses, it is sustainable, produces wildlife habitats and beautiful landscapes, and cares about animal welfare. How accurate is this view? ‘Modern and traditional farming’ considers the issues of sustainability, animal welfare, and wildlife and landscape.
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Kuppusamy, Palanivel, Suganthi Shanmugananthan, and Pradeep Tomar. "Emerging Technological Model to Sustainable Agriculture." In Artificial Intelligence and IoT-Based Technologies for Sustainable Farming and Smart Agriculture, 101–22. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1722-2.ch007.
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The agricultural sector has witnessed significant technological transformations over the last few decades. The state-of-the-art technologies are transforming the traditional agriculture models into digital agriculture. From these technologies, conventional agriculture has evolved and shifted towards a smart agriculture system. In a smart agriculture system, farmers can collect and analyze the collected data to fertilize and tend their crops. The smart agriculture system provides economical and more accurate ways to predict and protect crop growth. The incorporation of these technologies digitalizes the agricultural industry by increasing profits, reducing waste, improving efficiency, and becoming sustainable. This chapter aims to study the state-of-the-art technologies used in the agriculture sector and proposes a smart agriculture model using these technologies.
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Tripathy, Sarita, and Shaswati Patra. "IoT-Based Precision Agriculture System." In Advances in Wireless Technologies and Telecommunication, 1–7. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9004-0.ch001.
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The huge number of items associated with web is known as the internet of things. It is associated with worldwide data consisting of various components and different types of gadgets, sensors, and software, and a large variety of other instruments. A large number of applications that are required in the field of agriculture should implement methods that should be realistic and reliable. Precision agriculture practices in farming are more efficient than traditional farming techniques. Precision farming simultaneously analyzes data along with generating it by the use of sensors. The application areas include tracking of farm vehicles, monitoring of the livestock, observation of field, and monitoring of storage. This type of system is already being accepted and adopted in many countries. The modern method of smart farming has started utilizing the IoT for better and faster yield of crops. This chapter gives a review of the various IoT techniques used in smart farming.
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Sumalan, Radu-Liviu, Sorin-Ion Ciulca, Renata-Maria Sumalan, and Sorina Popescu. "Vegetable Landraces: The “Gene Banks” for Traditional Farmers and Future Breeding Programs." In Landraces - Traditional Variety and Natural Breed. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96138.
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Crop diversity of vegetable species is threatened by the current homogenization of agricultural production systems due to specialization of plant breeders and increasing globalization in the seed sector. With the onset of modern agriculture, most traditional vegetable cultivars were replaced by highly productive and often genetically uniform commercial breeds and hybrids. This led to the loss of landraces, especially in countries with a super-intensive agriculture. The agricultural biodiversity erosion represents a huge risk for food safety and security. Vegetable landraces are associated with the cultural heritage of their place of origin being adapted to local agro-ecological areas and are more resilient to environmental stress than commercial cultivars. The chapter aim to highlight the importance of keeping and using vegetable landraces as valuable sources of genes for traditional farmers, but also for future breeding processes. We analyze the historical role of landraces, genetic diversity, high physiological adaptability to specific local conditions in association with traditional farming systems, as well as the breeding perspectives and evaluation of genetic diversity based on molecular markers.
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Tendulkar, Akalpita. "Introduction to Precision Agriculture." In Precision Agriculture Technologies for Food Security and Sustainability, 1–22. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5000-7.ch001.
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The global population is increasing at a tremendous speed; thus, the demand for safe and secure food to meet this population is in demand. Therefore, traditional farming methods are insufficient to meet this demand; thus, the next revolution in agriculture is required, which is Precision Agriculture (PA), the Fourth Agriculture Revolution. PA is a technology where the concept of farm management is based on observation, measuring, and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. The technologies used for performing precision agriculture are mapping, global positioning system (GPS), yield monitoring and mapping, grid soil sampling application, variable-rate fertilizer application, remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS), quantifying on farm variability, soil variation, variability of soil water content, time and space scales, robots, drones, satellite imagery, the internet of things, smartphone, and machine learning. Hence, the current chapter will be emphasizing the overview, concepts, history, world interest, benefits, disadvantages, and precision farming needs.
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Sankaranarayanan, Suresh. "Applications of Artificial Intelligence for Smart Agriculture." In AI-Based Services for Smart Cities and Urban Infrastructure, 277–88. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5024-3.ch013.
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Smart cities is the latest buzzword towards bringing innovation, technology, and intelligence for meeting the demand of ever-growing population. Technologies like internet of things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), edge computing, big data, wireless communication are the main building blocks for smart city project initiatives. Now with the upcoming of latest technologies like IoT-enabled sensors, drones, and autonomous robots, they have their application in agriculture along with AI towards smart agriculture. In addition to traditional farming called outdoor farming, a lot of insights have gone with the advent of IoT technologies and artificial intelligence in indoor farming like hydroponics, aeroponics. Now along with IoT, artificial intelligence, big data, and analytics for smart city management towards smart agriculture, there is big trend towards fog/edge, which extends the cloud computing towards bandwidth, latency reduction. This chapter focuses on artificial intelligence in IoT-edge for smart agriculture.
Conference papers on the topic "Agriculture Traditional farming"
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Grigorescu, Ines, Elena-Ana Popovici, Monica Dumitrașcu, Bianca Mitrică, Mihaela Sima, and Nicoleta Damian. "SUSTAINABILITY CHALLENEGES IN METROPOLITAN FARMING: FROM MULTI-FUNCTIONALITY TO ORGANIC. A SHOWCASE OF BUCHAREST METROPOLITAN AREA." In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b2/v2/14.
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The continuous population growth and built-up areas expansion requires an increasing urban demand for goods and services and a high pressure on land resources. As a result, farming adaptation around cities in a multifunctional way is a must in their effort to reach resilience, sustainability and food security. In Romania, agriculture in metropolitan areas is still dominated by small family households owned by undertrained aged people, practicing subsistence agriculture, most of them with little financial resources. Thus, the paper aims to identify and analyze the ways multi-functionality can contribute to sustainable farming by addressing some of the key sustainability solutions in southern Romania (i.e. Bucharest Metropolitan Area) – a region characterized by extended and fertile agricultural land resources, significantly transformed during the post-communist period through land abandonment and fragmentation, but also by land concentration and grabbing to the detriment of traditional farming. By combining quantitative (spatial and statistical analyses) and qualitative (questionnaires & interviews to key actors) approaches, the authors pinpointed critical issues of metropolitan farming (e.g. type of agricultural activities, agro-support services, urban pressures, market access, networking, survival strategies) to support sustainability.
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Tarik, E. P., P. A. Dmitriev, T. V. Varduny, D. P. Kupryushkin, and M. A. Ignatova. "EFFECTIVE APPROACHES TO IDENTIFYING WEEDS USING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.647-649.
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Traditional methods used in crop production lead to environmental pollution and producers incur unnecessary costs. The latest trends in the development of agriculture are directed towards precision farming. Tools for efficient and accurate farming are seen in the identification of remote sensing data and the use of spectral sensors that quickly determine the required indicators. For the development of this direction, it is necessary to accurately identify the spectral characteristics of weeds.
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Sergeev, V. S., and D. R. Mukminov. "Биологизированная технология возделывания сахарной свеклы." In РАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРИРОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В АГРОЦЕНОЗАХ. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-15.05.2020.37.
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Sugar beet is the main technical crop in the Republic of Bashkortostan. Beet growing in the region is carried out in the zone of risky agriculture. Based on the bioproducts produced for Beta vulgaris growing, the team of the BashInkom Scientific & Innovation Enterprise together with scientists from the Research Institute of Sugar Beet and Sugar and leading Russian beet growers improved and optimized the traditional technology, which, even under stressful conditions (drought, temperature decrease, waterlogging, freezing, toxic chemical oppression, lack of readily soluble nutrients) and a significant reduction in production costs, increases crop productivity by 20% and sugar content by 0.1-0.3%. Production experiments were carried out in beet-growing farms of the republic: farming company “Mukminov”, LLC “Voskhod” (Gafuri region), LLC farming company “Salavat”, LLC “Michurina” (Aurgazinsky district), LLC “Region-Agro” (Davlekanovsky district), etc. Research results confirm the effectiveness of the use of biological products and biofertilizers in sugar beet cultivation technology. The increase in the yield amounted to 2-10 t/ha compared to traditional technology; sugar content increased to 0.3%; finance costs that are attributable to the acquisition and use of biological products and bioactivated fertilizers have paid off, and high profitability is guaranteed. Conclusions: 1. Biological products and bioactivated fertilizers are an integral and mandatory element in the technology of sugar beet cultivation, as well as an innovative solution in protecting plants from environmental stress factors and in balancing plant nutrition by carrying out leaf feeding in key phases of growth and development. 2. Biologized technology allows increasing the yield of sugar beet by 20% and reducing the cost of chemical plant protection products and mineral fertilizers by 1.2-1.3 times. 3. Economic efficiency in the cultivation of sugar beet from the use of biological products and bioactivated fertilizers is up to 8 net profit per 1 RUB production costs.
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Forgacs, Csaba. "In what direction is agricultural specialization headed in Central and Eastern Europe? (2005-2016)." In 21st International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development 2020". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2020.53.005.
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The paper deals with the main directions of specialization in Central and Eastern European Countries’ (CEECs, EU10) agriculture after the EU’s Eastward Enlargement. We analyse and compare growth and productivity advantages of specialized farm types by physical size (in hectare) in EU10 member-states to the EU10/27/15 average based on EUROSTAT data in the period of 2005-2016. We focus on exploring the main directions of specialization using such indicators as the number of specialized farms, land (Utilized Agricultural Area, UAA) and labour (Agricultural Working Unit, AWU) use on the input side, average farm size by land and labour use as well as area-, labour-, and total productivity on the output side. We conclude that the directions of specialization in farming in EU10 were based on the traditional farm production structure making the latter better able to adjust and take advantages of Common Agricultural Policy. Concerning production growth rate, the three leading specialization types of CEECs’ farms were: (i) cattle rearing and fattening, (ii) cereals, oilseed and protein crops and (iii) fruits and citrus fruits. These three specialization types of farms – in the same ranking order - also increased land (UAA) and labour (AWU) use well above the average. Specialized cereals farms and cattle rearing and fattening farms were also ranked in top three by number. Both cereals and fruits specialized farms have leading position in growth rate of land and labour use and also are in top three in growth rate of land area and total farm productivity. Cereals and fruits specialized farms also more than doubled labour productivity during the first decade after the EU’s Eastward enlargement but did not rank in the top three in this category.
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Mishina, N. V. "ОСНОВНЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ СОВРЕМЕННОГО РАЗВИТИЯ СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА ПРОВИНЦИИ ХЭЙЛУНЦЗЯН (КНР) В СРАВНЕНИИ С ЮЖНЫМИ РАЙОНАМИ ДАЛЬНЕГО ВОСТОКА." In Geosistemy vostochnyh raionov Rossii: osobennosti ih struktur i prostranstvennogo razvitiia. ИП Мироманова Ирина Витальевна, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35735/tig.2019.35.25.009.
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В работе представлены результаты изучения развития сельского хозяйства провинции Хэйлунцзян (КНР) за период с 2000 по 2017 гг. Данная провинция имеет протяженную границу с Дальневосточным федеральным округом РФ и ее сельскохозяйственное освоение является одним из важных факторов экологической безопасности приграничных территорий России. Основой для выполнения исследования являются официальные статистические данные. Для выявления основных изменений в отрасли анализировались такие показатели, как валовое производство сельскохозяйственной продукции, размеры и структура посевных площадей, объемы использования минеральных удобрений, сельскохозяйственное водопользование, поголовье скота и производство продуктов животноводства. Сельское хозяйство провинции Хэйлунцзян КНР активно развивалось в рассматриваемый период, что подтверждается многократным увеличением значения большинства показателей отрасли, а также ростом ее доли в ВРП. В растениеводстве наблюдался сильный перекос в сторону увеличения производства кукурузы и риса, сопровождавшийся значительным расширением посевных площадей, в т.ч. орошаемых, что обусловило рост сельскохозяйственного водопотребления. В животноводстве, кроме традиционного производства мясопродуктов, развитие получило молочное животноводство, производство шерсти, меда, шелковых коконов. В пространственном отношении в последние 17 лет вектор сельскохозяйственного развития в провинции смещался в сторону ранее наименее освоенных приграничных округов, в которых имеется запас пригодных для освоения земель. Сопоставление данных о сельскохозяйственном производстве провинции Хэйлунцзян и в сопредельных районах юга Дальнего Востока России показало рост трансграничных градиентов для большинства показателей, что указывает на более интенсивное развитие отрасли на китайской территории. Сохранение этих тенденций в перспективе означает ухудшение состояния природной среды в провинции, нарастание остроты экологических проблем, увеличение экономического и экологического дисбаланса на приграничных территориях России и КНР. The paper is a general review of the agricultural development of Province Heilongjiang (China) in 20002017. This province has a long border with the Far Eastern Federal District of the Russian Federation and its agricultural development is an important factor of the environmental safety of the border areas of Russia. The basis for the review is the official statistical data. We analyzed such indicators as a gross output value of agricultural production, a size and a structure of sown areas, using mineral fertilizers, the agricultural water use, livestock number and products. Multiple growth of the value of most indicators confirms active development of agriculture in Province Heilongjiang in the period under consideration. The analysis of crop farming data showed a strong shift towards production of corn and rice, significant expansion of the sown area, including the irrigated ones, an increase in agricultural water consumption. In animal husbandry dairy farming and the production of wool, honey, and silk cocoons developed in addition to the traditional production of meat products. Spatially, over the past 17 years, agricultural development has shifted towards the border regions (prefectures) with rather large stock lands suitable for reclamation. The comparison of the agricultural data in Province Heilongjiang and in the south of the Russian Far East showed an increase in crossborder gradients for most indicators meaning more intense agricultural development of the Chinese territory. Continuation of these trends in future means environmental deterioration, intensification of ecological problems, growth of the economic and environmental imbalance in the border areas of Russia and China.
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Mishina, N. V. "ОСНОВНЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ СОВРЕМЕННОГО РАЗВИТИЯ СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА ПРОВИНЦИИ ХЭЙЛУНЦЗЯН (КНР) В СРАВНЕНИИ С ЮЖНЫМИ РАЙОНАМИ ДАЛЬНЕГО ВОСТОКА." In Geosistemy vostochnyh raionov Rossii: osobennosti ih struktur i prostranstvennogo razvitiia. ИП Мироманова Ирина Витальевна, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33833/tig.2019.35.25.009.
Full textAbstract:
В работе представлены результаты изучения развития сельского хозяйства провинции Хэйлунцзян (КНР) за период с 2000 по 2017 гг. Данная провинция имеет протяженную границу с Дальневосточным федеральным округом РФ и ее сельскохозяйственное освоение является одним из важных факторов экологической безопасности приграничных территорий России. Основой для выполнения исследования являются официальные статистические данные. Для выявления основных изменений в отрасли анализировались такие показатели, как валовое производство сельскохозяйственной продукции, размеры и структура посевных площадей, объемы использования минеральных удобрений, сельскохозяйственное водопользование, поголовье скота и производство продуктов животноводства. Сельское хозяйство провинции Хэйлунцзян КНР активно развивалось в рассматриваемый период, что подтверждается многократным увеличением значения большинства показателей отрасли, а также ростом ее доли в ВРП. В растениеводстве наблюдался сильный перекос в сторону увеличения производства кукурузы и риса, сопровождавшийся значительным расширением посевных площадей, в т.ч. орошаемых, что обусловило рост сельскохозяйственного водопотребления. В животноводстве, кроме традиционного производства мясопродуктов, развитие получило молочное животноводство, производство шерсти, меда, шелковых коконов. В пространственном отношении в последние 17 лет вектор сельскохозяйственного развития в провинции смещался в сторону ранее наименее освоенных приграничных округов, в которых имеется запас пригодных для освоения земель. Сопоставление данных о сельскохозяйственном производстве провинции Хэйлунцзян и в сопредельных районах юга Дальнего Востока России показало рост трансграничных градиентов для большинства показателей, что указывает на более интенсивное развитие отрасли на китайской территории. Сохранение этих тенденций в перспективе означает ухудшение состояния природной среды в провинции, нарастание остроты экологических проблем, увеличение экономического и экологического дисбаланса на приграничных территориях России и КНР. The paper is a general review of the agricultural development of Province Heilongjiang (China) in 20002017. This province has a long border with the Far Eastern Federal District of the Russian Federation and its agricultural development is an important factor of the environmental safety of the border areas of Russia. The basis for the review is the official statistical data. We analyzed such indicators as a gross output value of agricultural production, a size and a structure of sown areas, using mineral fertilizers, the agricultural water use, livestock number and products. Multiple growth of the value of most indicators confirms active development of agriculture in Province Heilongjiang in the period under consideration. The analysis of crop farming data showed a strong shift towards production of corn and rice, significant expansion of the sown area, including the irrigated ones, an increase in agricultural water consumption. In animal husbandry dairy farming and the production of wool, honey, and silk cocoons developed in addition to the traditional production of meat products. Spatially, over the past 17 years, agricultural development has shifted towards the border regions (prefectures) with rather large stock lands suitable for reclamation. The comparison of the agricultural data in Province Heilongjiang and in the south of the Russian Far East showed an increase in crossborder gradients for most indicators meaning more intense agricultural development of the Chinese territory. Continuation of these trends in future means environmental deterioration, intensification of ecological problems, growth of the economic and environmental imbalance in the border areas of Russia and China.
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Dinis, Isabel, Pedro Mendes-Moreira, and Susanne Padel. "DEVELOPING MARKETING STRATEGIES FOR FOOD DIVERSITY: A CASE-STUDY IN NORTHERN PORTUGAL." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.233.
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Vale do Sousa is a heterogeneous territory located in the North Region of Portugal. Until a few decades ago, the economy was based on small-scale farming with maize for bread (Broa) as one important crop. Each community had its own maize varieties and practices, which were reflected in the composition, shape, size and flavour of local Broa. In the last decades, the abandonment of agriculture was noticeable, leading to a progressive decrease in maize production and to genetic erosion. More recently, local stakeholders became aware of the important role that landraces and biodiverse food can play in local development and have engaged in finding new opportunities for a sustainable Broa value chain development in Vale do Sousa region. This paper aims at identifying opportunities and bottlenecks in the marketing of regional Broa. It uses a case study approach that, unlike the majority of the research in this area, covers the whole supply chain and includes needs and expectations of farmers, processors, consumers and their networks. The main problem identified by local actors is that traditional varieties are less productive, leading farmers to favour commercial maize varieties less suitable for baking. At the processing level, local actors raised the question of legislation, arguing that, in Portugal, European rules on food safety are not realistically applied to endogenous food products. The results also show that final consumers as well as restaurants recognize the quality of traditional Broa and seem to be willing to pay a price premium to reward farmers for using traditional varieties.
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McComb, Christopher, Nathan G. Johnson, and Brandon T. Gorman. "Scenario-Based Robustness Analysis of Optimized I.D.E.-Style Treadle Pump Designs." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60127.
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Poverty affects hundreds of millions of people globally. Market-based strategies can help alleviate poverty in developing countries by encouraging entrepreneurial activity and have the potential to be more effective than traditional approaches, such as development aid from countries or non-governmental organizations. Development organizations often target the agricultural sector because of the prevalence of subsistence and small-scale farming, particularly in rural regions of developing countries. Improving the reliability of irrigation techniques can help farmers expand out of primarily subsistence farming and begin to sell a portion of their crop, thus achieving the objectives of market-based poverty alleviation. Human-powered pumps are a popular tool used in irrigation because they require low capital cost and negligible operating cost. Previous work provided a model for finding Pareto-optimal IDE-style treadle pump designs. This work utilizes that model to produce a dense set of Pareto-optimal designs, and then investigates the robustness of the designs by simulating their performance in a variety of modified use scenarios. Our results show that pumps optimized for low flow rates (less than 3.0 L/s) are highly robust, particularly with respect to age-related changes in the operator’s stature or mobility. In addition, these pumps can operate with near-optimal efficiency across a variety of target flow rates and well depths. These pumps are ideal for single family use or for shared use amongst multiple families in a village. Pumps optimized for flow rates greater than 3.0 L/s are less robust with respect to changes of operator stature (experiencing decreases in flow rate of up to 60%) but may be suitable for use on farms or by service providers.
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Runcan, Remus. "TURNING FARMERS INTO SOCIAL FARMER ENTREPRENEURS FOR DISADVANTAGED PEOPLE." In NORDSCI International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2020/b1/v3/31.
Full textAbstract:
According to Romania’s National Rural Development Programme, the socio-economic situation of the rural environment has a large number of weaknesses – among which low access to financial resources for small entrepreneurs and new business initiatives in rural areas and poorly developed entrepreneurial culture, characterized by a lack of basic managerial knowledge – but also a large number of opportunities – among which access of the rural population to lifelong learning and entrepreneurial skills development programmes and entrepreneurs’ access to financial instruments. The population in rural areas depends mainly on agricultural activities which give them subsistence living conditions. The gap between rural and urban areas is due to low income levels and employment rates, hence the need to obtain additional income for the population employed in subsistence and semi-subsistence farming, especially in the context of the depopulation trend. At the same time, the need to stimulate entrepreneurship in rural areas is high and is at a resonance with the need to increase the potential of rural communities from the perspective of landscape, culture, traditional activities and local resources. A solution could be to turn vegetal and / or animal farms into social farms – farms on which people with disabilities (but also adolescents and young people with anxiety, depression, self-harm, suicide, and alexithymia issues) might find a “foster” family, bed and meals in a natural, healthy environment, and share the farm’s activities with the farmer and the farmer’s family: “committing to a regular day / days and times for a mutually agreed period involves complying with any required health and safety practices (including use of protective clothing and equipment), engaging socially with the farm family members and other people working on and around the farm, and taking on tasks which would include working on the land, taking care of animals, or helping out with maintenance and other physical work”
Reports on the topic "Agriculture Traditional farming"
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Adelaja, Adesoji, Justin George, Thomas Jayne, Milu Muyanga, Titus Awokuse, Adebayo Aromolaran, and Lenis Saweda O. Liverpool-Tasie. How Conflicts Affect Land Expansion by Smallholder Farmers: Evidence from Nigeria. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2020.015.
Full textAbstract:
The expansion of smallholder farms into larger farm sizes is a key strategy for growing agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa. This strategy could simultaneously expand farm incomes while addressing poverty since the majority of farms in sub-Saharan Africa are smallholder farms. There is limited existing research on the possible role of conflicts in stymying the ability of smallholder farmers to transition into larger-scale farming and on the impacts of conflicts in areas that are not directly within active conflict zones. In this paper, we investigate the impacts of conflict on the ability of smallholder farmers to transition to larger scales in two regions that are not in a traditional conflict zone, by developing a household utility maximisation model to explain choices made by farm households in response to conflict.