Journal articles: 'Agriculture Zimbabwe'

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Murwirapachena, Genius, and Courage Mlambo. "Life Expectancy In Zimbabwe: An Analysis Of Five Decades." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 14, no. 3 (2015): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v14i3.9207.

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Great inconsistencies have been observed in life expectancy dynamics in Zimbabwe over the past decades. Contradictions exist among Zimbabweans where some believe that people used to live longer during the colonial era than they live now. Such beliefs have been exacerbated by the recent economic woes that ensued in the country. Dynamics in the Zimbabwean life expectancy patterns have seen male Zimbabweans outliving their female counterparts since the year 2000. Such an alteration contradicts general world life expectancy trends where females commonly live longer than males. This paper analyses trends in the Zimbabwean life expectancy over the period 1970 to 2012. The ordinary least squares method is used to examine the impact of economic growth, inflation, increase in agriculture land, population growth and the dependency ratio on life expectancy in Zimbabwe. Empirical results from this study revealed that economic growth, inflation and population growth have a positive relationship with life expectancy while increases in both agricultural land and the dependency ratio have negative effects on life expectancy in Zimbabwe.

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Bessant, Leslie, and William A. Masters. "Government and Agriculture in Zimbabwe." International Journal of African Historical Studies 29, no. 1 (1996): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/221436.

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Chifurira, Retius, Delson Chikobvu, and Dorah Dubihlela. "Rainfall prediction for sustainable economic growth." Environmental Economics 7, no. 4 (2016): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.07(4-1).2016.04.

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Agriculture is the backbone of Zimbabwe’s economy with the majority of Zimbabweans being rural people who derive their livelihood from agriculture and other agro-based economic activities. Zimbabwe’s agriculture depends on the erratic rainfall which threatens food, water and energy access, as well as vital livelihood systems which could severely undermine efforts to drive sustainable economic growth. For Zimbabwe, delivering a sustainable economic growth is intrinsically linked to improved climate modelling. Climate research plays a pivotal role in building Zimbabwe’s resilience to climate change and keeping the country on track, as it charts its path towards sustainable economic growth. This paper presents a simple tool to predict summer rainfall using standardized Darwin sea level pressure (SDSLP) anomalies and southern oscillation index (SOI) that are used as part of an early drought warning system. Results show that SDSLP anomalies and SOI for the month of April of the same year, i.e., seven months before onset of summer rainfall (December to February total rainfall) are a simple indicator of amount of summer rainfall in Zimbabwe. The low root mean square error (RMSE) and root mean absolute error (RMAE) values of the proposed model, make SDSLP anomalies for April and SOI for the same month an additional input candidates for regional rainfall prediction schemes. The results of the proposed model will benefit in the prediction of oncoming summer rainfall and will influence policy making in agriculture, environment planning, food redistribution and drought prediction for sustainable economic development. Keywords: sustainable economic growth, standardized Darwin sea level pressure anomalies, southern oscillation index, summer rainfall prediction, Zimbabwe. JEL Classification: Q16, Q25, Q54, Q55, Q58

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Zvavahera, Promise, and Farai Chigora. "Food and Nutrition Promotion: Feasibility of the Zimbabwe Agenda for Sustainable Socio-Economic Transformation." Business and Management Horizons 3, no. 1 (2015): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/bmh.v3i1.7800.

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Zimbabwe has faced persistent droughts from around year 1990 to date posing a structural food security challenge to the populace. Recently, the government of Zimbabwe introduced a blue print to spearhead and map sustainable balance in tapping value from the available natural and man-made resources in the country. This is known as the Zimbabwe Agenda for Sustainable Socio-economic Transformation Programme (Zim Asset). Amongst its prospects, agriculture and nutrition has been reckoned as a sustainable cluster for economic development. This study was undertaken one and half years after the implementation of Zim Asset as an evaluation mechanism on the successes and challenges faced in transforming the Zimbabwean economy with specific reference to the Food and Nutrition Cluster. The study employed both post positivism and interpretivism philosophies applying quantitative and qualitative approaches in gathering research data. The research instruments included documentary evidence, face to face in-depth interviews and focus groups. The in-depth interviews explored issues to do with resources allocation in line with the Zim Asset agriculture sustenance objectives. Focus was therefore, on the four Ministries supporting the Food and Nutrition Cluster. Eighty percent of the respondents reported that the economic blue print has not made any significant strides in improving the country’s agricultural performance and food security since the inception of Zim Asset in October 2013. It was noted that the country continued to import maize from Zambia and other countries in the region. The major reason for its lack of success was due to the unavailability of resources to support the programme and the fact that land was allocated to unproductive and cell phone farmers. There was consensus that land audit and recapitalisation of the agriculture sector were critical in achieving the desired outcomes. The study recommends that the programme be adequately funded, so that the country can become self-sufficient.

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Matsungo, Tonderayi Mathew, and Prosper Chopera. "Nutrition in contemporary Zimbabwe: a situational analysis." North African Journal of Food and Nutrition Research 4, no. 9 (2020): S25—S35. http://dx.doi.org/10.51745/najfnr.4.9.s25-s35.

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Background: Malnutrition in all its forms continues to be a global public health challenge affecting mostly women and children in Africa. The socioeconomic consequences of poor nutrition are far-reaching and cross-generational. Objective: To provide an update on the nutrition situation in Zimbabwe in the context of the United Nations 2030 sustainable development agenda. Key findings: In Zimbabwe, the leading nutrition problems include high levels of childhood stunting, micronutrient deficiencies (Vitamin A, Iron, Zinc, and Selenium) affecting mostly children younger than 5 years and women aged 15-49 years. This paper presents evidence on the emergence of obesity and associated complications like diabetes, hypertension, and several cancers in addition to the traditional problem of undernutrition burden “multiple burden of malnutrition”. These nutrition challenges can be attributed to poor breastfeeding and infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices, the low dietary diversity affecting mostly rural households and nutrition transition. Cultural and religious beliefs are barriers to the adoption of appropriate breastfeeding and IYCF practices. Conclusion: The multiple burden of malnutrition exists in Zimbabwe. Although there is political, commitment and multisectoral initiatives to address malnutrition and food insecurity, the declining socio-economic situation and the COVID-19 associated restrictions are worsening the situation and poor households are getting more vulnerable. Considering that Zimbabwe’s economy is agriculture-based there is a need to put emphasis on promoting nutrition-sensitive agriculture initiatives and urgently implement the Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDGs) to propel the adoption of healthy lifestyles and dietary behaviors. Keywords: Stunting, Breastfeeding, IYCF, Micronutrient deficiency, SDGs, COVID-19, Zimbabwe.

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Matsungo, Tonderayi Mathew, and Prosper Chopera. "Nutrition in contemporary Zimbabwe: a situational analysis." Special Issue July-December 2020 04, no. 09 (2020): S25—S35. http://dx.doi.org/10.51745/najfnr.4.09.s25-s35.

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Background: Malnutrition in all its forms continues to be a global public health challenge affecting mostly women and children in Africa. The socioeconomic consequences of poor nutrition are far-reaching and cross-generational. Objective: To provide an update on the nutrition situation in Zimbabwe in the context of the United Nations 2030 sustainable development agenda. Key findings: In Zimbabwe, the leading nutrition problems include high levels of childhood stunting, micronutrient deficiencies (Vitamin A, Iron, Zinc, and Selenium) affecting mostly children younger than 5 years and women aged 15-49 years. This paper presents evidence on the emergence of obesity and associated complications like diabetes, hypertension, and several cancers in addition to the traditional problem of undernutrition burden “multiple burden of malnutrition”. These nutrition challenges can be attributed to poor breastfeeding and infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices, the low dietary diversity affecting mostly rural households and nutrition transition. Cultural and religious beliefs are barriers to the adoption of appropriate breastfeeding and IYCF practices. Conclusion: The multiple burden of malnutrition exists in Zimbabwe. Although there is political, commitment and multisectoral initiatives to address malnutrition and food insecurity, the declining socio-economic situation and the COVID-19 associated restrictions are worsening the situation and poor households are getting more vulnerable. Considering that Zimbabwe’s economy is agriculture-based there is a need to put emphasis on promoting nutrition-sensitive agriculture initiatives and urgently implement the Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDGs) to propel the adoption of healthy lifestyles and dietary behaviors. Keywords: Stunting, Breastfeeding, IYCF, Micronutrient deficiency, SDGs, COVID-19, Zimbabwe.

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Dzvimbo, Munyaradzi Admire, Tinashe Mitchell Mashizha, Monica Monga, and Cornelias Ncube. "Conservation Agriculture and Climate Change: Implications for Sustainable Rural Development in Sanyati, Zimbabwe." Journal of Social and Development Sciences 8, no. 2 (2017): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v8i2.1795.

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Zimbabwe is one of the most developed countries in Sub-Saharan Africa in that markets and rural industrialization are likely to function relatively well. Thus, Zimbabweâ€™s agricultural sector has been severely affected by climate change. The worsening agricultural conditions have led to undernourishment of many in rural areas and this has drawn so much attention. Young women have turned into prostitution, in their bid to ensure the survival of their families. Farmers in rural areas depend heavily on rain-fed water and with rainfall variability and extreme weather patterns records, their livelihoods are being threatened. To cope with the adverse impact of climate change on rural development, different coping strategies and mechanisms are being implemented. The government, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and the private sector have all introduced various programmes and projects at grassroots levels. The information used in this paper was gathered using data from interviews, questionnaires, and focused group discussion. This article explores how conservation agriculture being one of the coping strategies, has helped rural farmers to deal with climate change and how it has sustained rural development in Sanyati District.

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Mago, Stephen, and Costa Hofisi. "Microfinance as a pathway for smallholder farming in Zimbabwe." Environmental Economics 7, no. 3 (2016): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.07(3).2016.07.

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Microfinance has been viewed as a pathway for smallholder farming. This paper aims to investigate the impact of microfinance on smallholder farming. It examines the role of microfinance in the development of smallholder farming. This paper employs the integrated view of microfinance study as opposed to the ‘credit only’(minimalist) view. Using qualitative research methodology, the paper relies on literature review and primary data. Household level data (primary) were collected from a rural district (Masvingo Rural District) of Masvingo province in Zimbabwe. Data were collected from 250 microfinance participants (household heads) using questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. The findings show that microfinance had positive effects on accumulation of agricultural assets, income from agriculture, agricultural education, agricultural productivity, agri-business, consumption and health. However, the impact is limited due to lack of finance. Basic financial services are essential for the management of their smallholder farming activities. The practical implications are that the study results could be used by the government and development agencies for policy making. The paper recommends that microfinance should be harnessed as a useful intervention that can be employed to economically empower the smallholder rural agricultural sector. Keywords: microfinance, smallholder farming, integrated view, minimalist view. JEL Classification: G21, O13

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Mbira, Leonard, and Sherman Moyo. "Drivers of Agricultural Funding in a Post Partially Dollarized Zimbabwe." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 3(J) (2018): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i3.2315.

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Agriculture has long been the backbone of the Zimbabwean economy contributing in excess of 40% at its peak. There has been a sharp decline in the performance of this sector over the years especially from 2000. Concurrently the sector has been struggling to access financing from the conventional financial system despite its strategic importance to the economy. This study sought to unravel the major fundamentals behind the financing vacuum in the agricultural sector. It adopts a survey approach for data collection and applies both descriptive and inferential methods . A questionnaire was used for data collection on a sample of 117 respondents comprising of farmersâ€™ representatives, bank employees and ministry of agriculture officials. Data was analyzed using SPSSâ€™ Analysis of Moment Structures software which allows for structural equation modeling to identify multiple relationships among variables simultaneously. The study identifies the efficient and reliable value chain mechanism, volatile government policy, short term deposits experienced by banks, land tenure system and lack of investor confidence as the underlying fundamentals behind the low financing in agriculture.

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Mhlanga, David, and Adewale Samuel Hassan. "Financial Participation Among Smallholder - Farmers in Zimbabwe: What Are the Driving Factors?" Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 11, no. 4 (2022): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2022-0117.

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Small-scale farmers' financial participation boosts output while also raising living conditions by breaking the poverty cycle. Many policymakers regard it as a necessary input for increasing agricultural production because it is a vital aspect of the agriculture sector's commercialization and the modernization of the rural economy. Financial participation is a vital input for agriculture to achieve substantial growth. Small-scale farmers' financial engagement in many rural families remains a concern in Zimbabwe, despite the construction of a vast network of financial institutions in towns and growth centres. This research examines the factors that influence smallholder farmers' engagement in Zimbabwe's formal financial markets. The Binary Logit model was used to evaluate the characteristics that influence smallholder farmers' engagement informal financial markets. The results from the logit model indicated that “gender, household head age, land size, and agricultural extension service” were the significant factors influencing financial participation by smallholder farmers. As a result, the government should prioritize measures targeted at expanding the area of land available to small-scale farmers to ensure that these farmers are in the position to commercialise their activities. Again, support towards agricultural extension programs aimed at expanding farmer training and “doubling efforts to guarantee that the age distribution in farms” is balanced between the young and the old, as age has an impact on formal financial market involvement.  Received: 8 March 2022 / Accepted: 20 June 2022 / Published: 5 July 2022

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Uliszak, Radosław. "Przejawy kryzysu we współczesnym rolnictwie." Studies of the Industrial Geography Commission of the Polish Geographical Society 18 (January 1, 2011): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20801653.18.9.

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The crisis in agriculture seems to be different than in other economic sectors. This is the result of agriculture’s specificity. There is a very strong relationship between farmers and the results of their work with natural environment. These connections are much more important than in industry or services. Food production is of greatest importance. People have to eat even during very strong economic crisis. Still, there are some types of crises present in contemporary agriculture. Some of them resemble the crises present in the last thousands of years, but some of them are characteristic for current situation. In the article the following types of contemporary agricultural problems were discussed: the crisis caused by natural environment conditions (the case of Russia and India), overproduction (the case of CAP in EU), the economic crisis (the case of West), the crisis caused by political tensions (the case of Laos and Zimbabwe) as well as the situation of Polish agriculture (after Poland’s accession to EU).

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Drakakis-Smith, David. "Mbiba Beacon, "Urban Agriculture in Zimbabwe" (Book Review)." Third World Planning Review 18, no. 1 (1996): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/twpr.18.1.r3227h5h23326380.

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Flynn, Karen Coen. "Urban Agriculture in Mwanza, Tanzania." Africa 71, no. 4 (2001): 666–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afr.2001.71.4.666.

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AbstractMany people living in Mwanza, Tanzania, provision themselves through urban agriculture—the planting of crops and raising of animals in urban and peri-urban areas, as well as in the countryside. This article compares Mwanza's urban farmers with those in Kenya, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Ghana. Like Zimbabwe's urban agriculturalists, more and more of Mwanza's are not among the poorest of the poor. Much like Ghana's urban farmers, those in Mwanza are often middle and upper-class males with access to scarce land and inputs. Urban cultivators in Mwanza differ from those in Kenya and Zambia with regard to gender, socio-economic class and the factors motivating their farming activities. These findings suggest that even though socio-economic differentiation is on the increase in Tanzania it has not reached the levels of divergence found in Kenya and Zambia. Many of Mwanza's wealthier males continue to face enough job/income insecurity to choose to plant crops to support themselves and their household in lean times. They may also engage in urban agriculture because they are unable or unwilling to take advantage of more profitable investment opportunities outside the food market, or because they desire to spread risk across a number of different investments.

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Sammie, Batanai L., Charles Nyamutowa, and Munyaradzi Gwazane. "Perspectives on The Effectiveness of NGO Initiatives in Urban Agriculture In Zimbabwe." International Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 2 (2012): 525–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/feb2014/176.

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Chari, Felix, Julliah Mukonyo, Cawe Novukela, Lidion Sibanda, and Tichakunda Valentine Chabata. "Sustainability of maize supply chains: The role of supplier development in the form of command farming in Mazowe district, Zimbabwe." Journal of Future Sustainability 3, no. 2 (2023): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.jfs.2022.12.001.

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The world is increasingly witnessing food insecurity and deteriorating individual and global livelihoods. This study sought to assess the effectiveness of contract farming in the form of command farming in achieving sustainability of maize supply chain in Zimbabwe. A descriptive approach was adopted where a sample of 35 agricultural experts were randomly selected to respond to questionnaires. The researchers also relied on interviews with farmers, the results of which were triangulated with quantitative data to improve the dependability of results. The study shows a positive and significant relationship between command farming and sustainability of the maize supply chain in Mazowe district of Zimbabwe. The study, therefore, recommends the government to invest more in command agriculture to improve productivity and sustainability in the maize sector. It further recommends investment in joint contract farming with agricultural firms and government to improve farming business to sustain the country’s agricultural sector.

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Ncube, Douglas. "Agricultural Distortions and Economic Growth in Southern Africa: Evidence from Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe (1970-2011)." Open Agriculture Journal 11, no. 1 (2017): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874331501711010035.

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Introduction:The first decade of 2000 was considered Africa’s decade of unprecedented growth as it was the fastest growing region in the world. This growth is believed to have largely been a benefit of the commodity super-cycle which is beginning to tail-off. Analysts perceive that growth in Africa is currently more threatened by global trends and region specific risks around agriculture and politics.Statement of the problem:It has been noted that African countries have experienced stagnant or declining agricultural productivity growth rates, increasing rural poverty, hunger and malnutrition coupled with low competitiveness in global markets over the decades.Methodology:Using the database on Distortions to Agricultural Incentives, the World Development Indicators and the Penn World Tables, the determinants of economic growth in Southern Africa and the impacts of a pro or anti agricultural policy regime on economic growth were investigated. In this study, three Southern Africa countries were investigated, that is, Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe.Results:The Panel Data Analysis results suggest that 1% decrease in the degree of anti-agriculture policy bias results in a 0.1% increase in real per capita GDP. Further, 1% increase in the share of gross capital formation in GDP results in 0.04% increase in real per capita GDP.Conclusion:The study showed that reducing direct and indirect, implicit and explicit taxation to agriculture relative to non-agriculture sector would result in improved economic growth in the three Southern African countries of Zambia, Zimbabwe and Mozambique.

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Thompson, Guy, Dickson A. Mungazi, and L. Kay Walker. "Colonial Agriculture for Africans: Emory Alvord's Policy in Zimbabwe." African Studies Review 42, no. 3 (1999): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/525227.

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Owen, Mafongoya. "CIVIC SOCIETY'S INTERVENTION ON PEASANTRY AGRICULTURE IN RURAL ZIMBABWE." Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences 19, no. 7 (2013): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2013-07.01.

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Atkins, Jon, and Colin Thirtle. "The productivity of communal agriculture in Zimbabwe, 1975–90." Oxford Agrarian Studies 23, no. 2 (1995): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13600819508424092.

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Munslow, Barry. "Prospects for the socialist transition of agriculture in Zimbabwe." World Development 13, no. 1 (1985): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-750x(85)90065-8.

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Bessant, Leslie, Dickson A. Mungazi, and L. Kay Walker. "Colonial Agriculture for Africans: Emory Alvord's Policy in Zimbabwe." International Journal of African Historical Studies 32, no. 1 (1999): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/220870.

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Thirtle, Colin, Jon Atkins, Paul Bottomley, Nancy Gonese, and Jones Govereh. "The productivity of commercial agriculture in Zimbabwe, 1970–89." Journal of International Development 5, no. 2 (1993): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jid.3380050211.

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Svubure, O., PC Struik, AJ Haverkort, and JM Steyn. "Carbon footprinting of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production systems in Zimbabwe." Outlook on Agriculture 47, no. 1 (2018): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030727018757546.

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Agriculture contributes significantly to the global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Farmers need to fine-tune agricultural practices to balance the trade-offs between increasing productivity in order to feed a growing population and lowering GHG emissions to mitigate climate change and its impact on agriculture. We conducted a survey on the major cultural practices in four potato production systems in Zimbabwe, namely large-scale commercial, communal area, A1 and A2 resettlement production systems. The resettlement production systems were formed from the radical Fast Track Land Reform Programme initiated in 2000, which changed the landscape of commercial agriculture in Zimbabwe. We used survey data as an input into the ‘Cool Farm Tool – Potato’ model. The model calculates the contributions of various production operations to total GHG emission. Experienced growers were targeted. The average carbon footprint calculated was 251 kg CO2 eq./t potato harvested, ranging from 216 kg CO2 eq./t to 286 kg CO2 eq./t in the communal area and A2 resettlement production systems, respectively. The major drivers of the GHG emissions were fertilizer production and soil-related field emissions, which together accounted for on average 56% of the total emissions across all production systems. Although mitigation options were not assessed, the model outputs the factors/farm operations and their respective emission estimates allowing growers to choose the inputs and operations to reduce their carbon footprint. Opportunities for benchmarking as an incentive to improve performance exist given the large variation in GHG emission between individual growers.

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Bandason, Wellington, Cosmas Parwada, and Abbyssinia Mushunje. "Macadamia Nuts (Macadamia intergrifolia) Value Chain and Technical Efficiency among the Small-scale Farmers in Zimbabwe." Research on World Agricultural Economy 3, no. 4 (2022): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36956/rwae.v3i4.700.

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Agriculture value chains are an indispensable tool for stakeholder collaboration, improving market access, foreign currency generation and increase in macadamia nut production in most developing countries. In Zimbabwe macadamia nut is a relatively new crop that has potential to alleviate poverty and enhance livelihoods. Zimbabwe’s macadamia nut industry is still at its infancy and remains an under-researched area. Despite this, the technical efficiency of macadamia nuts production systems as proxied by production levels among small-scale farmers in the country is least understood. This study analyses the existing value chains by scrutinizing every step required in the production and marketing of macadamia nuts focusing on technical efficiency of value chain nodes. Macadamia nut value chain in Zimbabwe is predominantly an emergency value chain system that does not embrace the modular value chain model and associated networks to enhance technical efficiency and overall welfare. The value chain system is characterised by imperfect market conditions with limited knowledge of exact specifications, attributes and price of macadamia nuts. The existing value chain models for macadamia nut need to be re-aligned to accommodate all stakeholders, hence widening resource and knowledge sharing platforms. There is a need for the Zimbabwe macadamia nut value chain to shift towards captive networks which embrace and scale out practices such as out-grower contractual arrangements. There is potential to design macadamia nut value chain models in Zimbabwe to increase the technical efficiency of the industry.

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Marongwe, Lungowe Sepo, Karsto Kwazira, Michael Jenrich, Christian Thierfelder, Amir Kassam, and Theodor Friedrich. "An African success: the case of conservation agriculture in Zimbabwe." International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 9, no. 1 (2011): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3763/ijas.2010.0556.

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Chazovachii, Bernard. "DETERMINANTS OF CLIMATE-SMART AGRICULTURE DISSEMINATION STRATEGIES IN CHIREDZI, ZIMBABWE." JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND DEVELOPMENT ALTERNATIVES 5, no. 3 (2020): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.55190/fduv4368.

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The purpose of this article is to identify determinants of Climate-Smart Agriculture dissemination among different categories of smallholder farmers. It notes that climatic change is a global phenomenon that requires stakeholders to exercise their minds, as a collective, to find long-lasting solutions. Although the potential of Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) is acknowledged in academia and among development agencies, it remains unclear whether smallholder farmers would be willing to adopt the initiative. Whereas CSA has been hailed as a way of cushioning smallholder famers from the vagaries of climate change, determinants of its dissemination are unclear to smallholder farmers. This article draws data from the smallholder farmer in Chiredzi, Zimbabwe; and it finds that categories in technology adoption are characterised by different levels of risks that farmers are keen to take, human capital, resource endowment and entitlements, reliability, and accessibility of the strategy and its geographical coverage in terms of space and time. Therefore, the article concludes that the uptake of the strategy is influenced by both extension officers’ and smallholder farmers’ capacity and capability to adopt and diffuse. The article recommends that a people-centered approach to strategy dissemination is pivotal for sustainable CSA uptake among smallholder farmers. Keywords: Climate-Smart Agriculture, Diffusion of Innovation Theory, Extension officer, Smallholder farming

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Marshall, Robert. "Urban agriculture in Zimbabwe; Implications for urban management and poverty." Habitat International 21, no. 3 (1997): 340–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0197-3975(97)88097-6.

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Motsi, Kudakwashe E., Edward Chuma, and Billy B. Mukamuri. "Rainwater harvesting for sustainable agriculture in communal lands of Zimbabwe." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 29, no. 15-18 (2004): 1069–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2004.08.008.

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O’Dell, Deb, Neal S. Eash, Bruce B. Hicks, et al. "Conservation agriculture as a climate change mitigation strategy in Zimbabwe." International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 18, no. 3 (2020): 250–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14735903.2020.1750254.

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Thebe, Vusilizwe. "THE COMPLEX DYNAMICS OF LAND IN MIGRANT LABOUR SOCIETIES: WHO NEEDS LAND FOR AGRICULTURE?" Journal of Asian Rural Studies 2, no. 2 (2018): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/jars.v2i2.1404.

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The agricultural modernisation narrative has been a central assumption of rural development since the mid-twentieth century, and more recently, the land reforms currently underway in Southern Africa. The narrative emphasises the viable use of land, defined in this case through agricultural productivity and market oriented production. The main contention of this paper is that such a focus undermines the rural socio-economic structure inherent in certain rural societies, which emerge through negotiations and compromises as societies change. It draws on data from studies in Lesotho and rural Zimbabwe that shows that rural households do not only hold land for agricultural purposes, but would hold onto land for security beyond mere agriculture production. It particularly emphasises the complex relationship between households and land, complex land needs and landholding patterns. As way of conclusion, it cautions against enforcing a peasant path on rural society through agriculture-based interventions.

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Zengeya, Tsitsi, Paul Sambo, and Nyasha Mabika. "Trust in the Adoption of Internet of Things for Smart Agriculture in Developing Countries." International Journal of Distributed and Parallel systems 12, no. 05 (2021): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijdps.2021.12502.

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Trust in online environments is based on beliefs in the trustworthiness of a trustee, which is composed of three distinct dimensions - integrity, ability, and benevolence. Zimbabwe has slowly adopted Internet of Things for smart agriculture as a way of improving on food security in the country, though there is hesitancy by most farmers citing trust issues as monitoring of crops, animals and farm equipment’s would be done online through connecting several devices and accessing data. Farmers are facing difficulties in trusting that the said technology has the ability to perform as expected in a specific situation or to complete a required task, i.e. if the technology will work consistently and reliably in monitoring the environment, nutrients, temperatures and equipment status. The integrity of the collected data as it will be used for decision making. There is a growing need to determine how trust in the technology influence the adoption of IoT for smart agriculture in Zimbabwe. The mixed methodology was used to gather data from 50 A2 model farmers randomly sampled in Zimbabwe. The findings revealed that McKnight etal. trust in technology model can be used to influence the adoption of IoT through trusting that the technology will be reliable and will operate as expected.Additional constructs such as security and distrust of technology can be used as reference for future research.

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Adamchak, Donald J., and Michael T. Mbizvo. "The impact of husband's and wife's education and occupation on family size in Zimbabwe." Journal of Biosocial Science 26, no. 4 (1994): 553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000021672.

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SummaryThis paper assesses the impact of husband's and wife's education and occupation on family size in Zimbabwe. Results from the 1988 Male Fertility Survey indicate that husband's education had a strong negative effect, and wife's education had a moderate negative effect on the number of children ever born. Contrary to the literature, wives who were not employed had significantly fewer children than those who work in agriculture, and fewer, but not significantly, than those in non-agricultural occupations. Findings show the importance of husband's education and the changing dynamics of wife's occupation in fertility decline.

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Masvaure, Steven. "Coping with food poverty in cities: The case of urban agriculture in Glen Norah Township in Harare." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 31, no. 3 (2015): 202–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170515000101.

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AbstractThe focus of this study is on urban agriculture which is a common informal sector activity across most sub-Saharan African cities. Urban agriculture is more common among poor urban households, and acts as a poverty coping mechanism. Poor households often spend more than 60% of their income on food alone. The major thrust of this study was to understand the underlying mechanisms driving farming in cities. A mixed method research approach was adopted and data was collected from 103 households in Glen Norah Township in Harare, Zimbabwe through semi-structured interviews, questionnaires and observations. Arising from analysis of the data, the Urban Livelihoods Coping Model (ULCM) is proposed in order to explain the phenomenon of urban agriculture in African cities. This model acknowledges the fact that the socio-economic conditions and the socio-historical context of Zimbabwe and other African countries today is as a result of the influence of ‘Western leaning’ development policies influenced by modernization and associated theories. These theories combined with cultural factors and the impact of Structural Adjustment Policies resulted in the present situation where urban agriculture plays a critical role in the survival of the urban poor as a coping mechanism against food poverty. The ULCM ascribes the emergence of urban agriculture to necessity, ability and opportunity. The significance of this study is that it will contribute to understanding the socio-economic role of urban agriculture and how it can be factored into the urban planning systems of developing countries.

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Pilossof, Rory. "Labor Relations in Zimbabwe from 1900 to 2000: Sources, Interpretations, and Understandings." History in Africa 41 (May 6, 2014): 337–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hia.2014.11.

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AbstractThis article looks at the shifts and continuities in labor relations in Zimbabwe from c. 1900–2000. It does so by looking at three cross sections (1904, 1951, and 2002) to examine the changes that have taken place. By exploring the continuities (subsistence agriculture) and shifts (limited industrialization and urbanization) of labor relations over this period, it is hoped that the article provides a comprehensive account of the rapid and radical changes Zimbabwe underwent during the twentieth century and the impacts these have had on the peoples and economies within the southern African nation.

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Chihambakwe, Michelle, Paramu Mafongoya, and Obert Jiri. "Urban and Peri-Urban Agriculture as A Pathway to Food Security: A Review Mapping the Use of Food Sovereignty." Challenges 10, no. 1 (2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/challe10010006.

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Renewed interest in the nexus between sustainability and food security has led to growing discussions on the use of food sovereignty principles in agricultural practice. As a result of the transfiguration of the urban and socioeconomic landscape in the global South, urban and peri-urban agriculture has been touted as a potential response to increasing food insecurity in cities. Yet, both urban and peri-urban agriculture and food sovereignty have attracted cursory scholarship and programming in Zimbabwe due to fixation on more dominant rural and conventional agriculture. Beyond the rudimentary idea that the urban landscape is unfit for food production, literature has demonstrated that urban households have ingrained urban and peri-urban agriculture into their livelihoods. Regardless, institutional arrangements governing the practice remain ambivalent towards the practice, bringing to question the ability of households to fully exploit the benefits of the practice. This review underscores that failure to involve of all stakeholders undermines urban and peri-urban agriculture, consequently leading to heightened food insecurity and use of unsustainable practices. By delving into the political economy of food, we hope to stimulate discussion centered on food sovereignty within and urban spaces and beyond.

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Gambiza. "Permaculture: Challenges and benefits in improving rural livelihoods in South Africa and Zimbabwe." Sustainability 11, no. 8 (2019): 2219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11082219.

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Feeding a growing global population using conventional agricultural practices is leading toadverse environmental impacts. There is a call for alternative forms of agriculture that address social,economic, and environmental aspects of sustainability. Permaculture is a holistic design frameworkthat incorporates sustainable agricultural practices, potentially improving livelihoods. This studylooked at the challenges and benefits of permaculture in improving rural livelihoods in Zimbabweand South Africa. We used semi-structured interviews to collect data. Permaculture contributed over40% to total income for participants in both countries. However, permaculture was not the dominantsource of income and periodically straddled multiple livelihood strategies. The main benefits ofpermaculture were identified as improved human health, increased resilience to environmentalchanges, and reduction of input costs. The key challenges included high labour input, infestationof pests and diseases, and lack of knowledge on permaculture practices. Although permaculturepresents significant challenges, its integration with other forms of sustainable agricultural practicescan contribute to improved rural livelihoods.

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Mugwisi, Tinashe, and Janneke Mostert. "AGRICULTURAL RESEARCHERS AND EXTENSION WORKERSâ€™ INFORMATION NEEDS AND CHALLENGES IN ZIMBABWE: PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF A PILOT STUDY." Mousaion: South African Journal of Information Studies 32, no. 1 (2016): 46–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/0027-2639/1699.

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Agriculture plays an important role in the economies of many developing countries, contributing considerably to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), labour and exports. In Zimbabwe, agriculture provides an income to 75 per cent of the countryâ€™s population. The role of researchers and extension workers is thus important in this process. This article reports on a pilot study that examined the information needs and challenges of veterinary researchers in Zimbabwe. Purposive sampling was used to identify and select respondents around Harare. Although Mashonaland Central and Mashonaland East were initially selected, the study was able to capture respondents from across other provinces and districts from part-time students attending Mazowe Veterinary School. A questionnaire was used to collect data, most of which was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The study revealed that there were varying information needs among the respondents, with the need for information on animal health and production being the lowest, despite the majority of respondents being veterinary extension workers. Lack of resources â€“ especially transport and information sources â€“ was cited as a factor affecting research and extension services. The study also showed that there was poor dissemination of agricultural information between researchers and extension workers and the farmers, and this was done through various channels, traditional and modern information and communications technologies (ICTs).

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Sigauke, Esther. "Connecting urban agriculture with design thinking: a case study from Zimbabwe." Journal of Environmental Education 52, no. 1 (2021): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2020.1855094.

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Cephas, Mutami. "The Efficacy of Agriculture-led Development in Zimbabwe: A Theoretical Review." Current Research Journal of Social Sciences 6, no. 4 (2014): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/crjss.6.5211.

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Wolmer, W. "THE SCIENCE OF 'CIVILIZED' AGRICULTURE: THE MIXED FARMING DISCOURSE IN ZIMBABWE." African Affairs 99, no. 397 (2000): 575–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/99.397.575.

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Ndlovu, Patrick V., Kizito Mazvimavi, Henry An, and Conrad Murendo. "Productivity and efficiency analysis of maize under conservation agriculture in Zimbabwe." Agricultural Systems 124 (February 2014): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2013.10.004.

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Mugandani, Raymond, and Paramu Mafongoya. "Behaviour of smallholder farmers towards adoption of conservation agriculture in Zimbabwe." Soil Use and Management 35, no. 4 (2019): 561–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sum.12528.

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Muwaniki, Chenjerai, Simon McGrath, Muneta Grace Manzeke-Kangara, Volker Wedekindv, and Tafireyi Chamboko. "Curriculum reform in agricultural vocational education and training in Zimbabwe: Implementation challenges and possibilities." Journal of Vocational, Adult and Continuing Education and Training 5, no. 1 (2022): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14426/jovacet.v5i1.248.

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There is a need for the agricultural technical vocational education and training curriculum in Zimbabwe to be reformed so that it can respond to changes in farmer demographics, the expanding roles of agricultural extension officers (AEOs), changes in technology and climate change. The current agriculture curriculum was developed for a different context altogether; therefore, it now lacks relevance to the prevailing socio-economic, political and environmental changes. There is a need for the curriculum to respond to the evolving needs of farmers, AEOs and institutions providing agricultural extension, and to match the changes in AEOs’ occupation role profiles. This article draws on curricular documents from five institutions involved in the agricultural extension curriculum and policy, together with 22 respondents, with the aim of exposing gaps in the agricultural extension curriculum. In addition, the article explores the ways in which the curriculum can be reimagined to meet the needs of small-scale farmers, AEOs and emerging agricultural developments and digital technologies. The authors advance what might be the processes of change in the curriculum, highlighting the weaknesses of the current curriculum as well as what a more responsive curriculum for Zimbabwe should look like in the light of both local and international expectations. In so doing, it contributes to a wider international debate about agricultural education reform.

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Tekwa, Newman. "The Food Security, Employment and Migration Nexus in Zimbabwe Post-land Reform: A Gender Perspective." Africa Development 47, no. 3 (2022): 223–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.57054/ad.v47i3.2681.

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Serious inequalities in asset distribution in many developing countries consistently remain a key driver of household food insecurity, high unemployment, poverty and, ultimately, rural outmigration. Yet, the employment-retaining capacity of agriculture and its counter to rural-urban, including international, migration has been proven in many contexts. The 2000 land reform programme in Zimbabwe saw between 12 and18 per cent of women gaining access to land in their own right. Using a transformative social policy approach, the article explores the extent to which land reform as a social policy instrument enhanced household food security and rural incomes and opened new employment opportunities for beneficiaries relative to non-land reform beneficiary households. Highlighting the migration-social-policy nexus, I argue for land reform as a restraint to not only rural-urban but also international migration. Data gathered through a mixed methods ethnographic approach, combining in-depth interviews and surveys, and analysed using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, indicates that access to agricultural land and water can not only reduce but reverse rural to urban, including economically driven, international, migration. This suggests that continuous agrarianisation, in the Zimbabwean context, remains one plausible pathway to tackle the triple challenges of household food insecurity, unemployment and rural outmigration.

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LEEDY, TODD H. ""A Starving Belly Doesn’t Listen to Explanations": Agricultural Evangelism in Colonial Zimbabwe, 1900 to 1962." Agricultural History 84, no. 4 (2010): 479–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00021482-84.4.479.

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Abstract Both missionaries and government policymakers in colonial Zimbabwe consciously identified agriculture as an important avenue in establishing broader paradigms of explanation. Missionary promotion of new farming practices inevitably challenged the existing spiritual landscape by insisting that rationalized individual labor could overcome powerful natural forces. This article examines various facets of the American-based Methodist Episcopal Church’s agricultural evangelism in a period of growing state intervention. Despite careful missionary attempts to manage the outcomes, individuals with their own agendas absorbed and transformed these policies. Local farmers utilized imported agricultural knowledge for their own purposes and did not conform to the experiences or expectations of American-trained agricultural missionaries. Within these mission communities, converts successfully blended new forms of worship with existing social priorities and also adapted aspects of imported farming techniques to actively create innovative strategies for negotiating life under colonial rule.

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Chisita, Collence Takaingenhamo, and Madeleine Fombad. "Knowledge Management for Climate Change Adaptation to Enhance Urban Agriculture Among Selected Organisations in Zimbabwe." Journal of Information & Knowledge Management 19, no. 02 (2020): 2050009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219649220500094.

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Just like any other country in the world, Zimbabwe is vulnerable to climate change because of its position in a semi-arid exposed temperature variations among other vulnerabilities. The paper draws on various definitions, studies, policies and frameworks for knowledge management as the basis for recommending knowledge management strategy for climate change adaptation to enhance urban farming in Harare. It seeks to build on the existing knowledge management strategies for climate change adaptation to enhance urban farming in Harare. Currently, knowledge management strategies for climate change adaptation among selected environmental organisations and libraries in Zimbabwe are not being leveraged to actualise national development goals, however this paper seeks to examine these strategies in order to support urban farming. A well-coordinated national knowledge management strategy for climate change adaptation can contribute towards sustainable urban farming. The paper seeks to recommend knowledge management strategy for climate change adaptation among urban farmers in Harare.

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Mapanje, Olga, Moses M. N. Chitete, Wisdom Mgomezulu, and Bernard C. G. Kamanga. "Determinants of Adoption of Climate Smart Agricultural Practices by Smallholder Farmers in Buhera and Chiredzi Districts of Zimbabwe." International Journal of Environmental Sustainability and Green Technologies 12, no. 2 (2021): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijesgt.2021070103.

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This study was set to assess factors that drive adoption of six climate smart agriculture technologies in Buhera and Chiredzi districts of Zimbabwe using a sample size of 240 households. Multivariate probit analysis was used to determine factors that influence smallholder farmers' decision to adopt climate smart agriculture technologies. The study finds that age, gender, education of household head, household size, membership to social group, land size, land ownership, and training influence adoption of the six climate smart agriculture technologies. Therefore, policies that allow an improvement in land size and ownership should be given full support by both government and NGO community. The study further recommends that there should be more trainings on benefits of various climate smart agriculture technologies. Farmers should further be encouraged to participate in social groups for easy access to extension information on climate smart agriculture.

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Wright, Jim, Prabhat Vaze, and Stephen Gundry. "The Role of Policy in the Encroachment of Maize Cultivation in Semi-Arid Zimbabwe." Outlook on Agriculture 27, no. 2 (1998): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709802700206.

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For many areas of smallholder dryland agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa, cultivation of drought-resistant small grains such as millets and sorghum offer reliable harvests and food security. Despite this, the area given over to maize in such semi-arid areas has been increasing, although there is a risk of crop failure associated with its longer growing season. The influence of agricultural policy on this change in cropping patterns is examined here in the context of Zimbabwe. It is argued that despite the official extension advice discouraging maize cultivation, other aspects of policy have indirectly contributed to this change in cropping patterns. These aspects include seed supply, changes in producer prices, and the operation of the drought relief programme.

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Stoneman, Colin. "The Industrialisation of Zimbabwe - Past, Present and Future." Afrika Focus 6, no. 3-4 (1990): 245–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-0060304008.

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In this paper I look at Zimbabwe’s moderately successful industrialisation experience, past, present and future. The lessons that can be drawn from this experience in comparison with what has happened in other countries, both more and less succesful are: that there is a need for an intelligent state role; that both import substitution and export substitution are necessary; that emphasis on industry need not and must not be mean neglect of agriculture; and that the key problem is how to avoid enclave industrialisation which services urban elites but neglects the rest of the country and the region.

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Mutanana, Ngonidzashe. "Open and Distance Learning in Rural Communities of Zimbabwe: Exploring Challenges Faced by Zimbabwe Open University Students in Kadoma District, Zimbabwe." Asian Journal of Humanity, Art and Literature 6, no. 1 (2019): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ajhal.v6i1.349.

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This study sought to explore challenges faced by Open and Distance Learning (ODL) students in rural communities using Kadoma District as a case study. The specific objectives of this study were to (i) identify challenges faced by ODL students in rural communities in achieving their educational goals and (ii) establish effects of these challenges in accomplishing/finalizing their programmes. The research employed a mixed research approach to triangulate the results. The study used a case study research design to solicit information. The target population was undergraduate students who were currently pursuing the following programmes; Commerce, Education, Applied Sciences, and Agriculture. A sample of 30 postgraduate students and five key informants were used to collect data. The sampling techniques employed were convenience and purposive samplings respectively. Findings revealed that students in rural communities are facing some challenges during their academic career. These challenges include inadequate access to tutor support and physical resources, inflexible practices and access to ICT, poor or no electricity to operate ICT appliances, financial, cultural, community and employment responsibilities. These challenges have some effects which include but not limited to late submission of assignments, poor quality results and university dropouts. Basing on these conclusions, the study recommends the university to recruit more tutors who should be available for students at district offices. The university should ensure technological development at the district centers, and within the student’s locations. The study also recommends the university to provide students in the rural communities with study skills, time management skills, as well as guidance and counseling required to manage their studies. The study finally recommends further studies on strategies to encounter challenges faced by ODL students in rural communities.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Agriculture Zimbabwe'

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