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Journal articles on the topic 'Agro-pastoral women'
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Carabaza, Ana Moyeda, John Dawson, and Mary Murimi. "Differences in Underlying Causes of Infant Malnutrition Between a Pastoral and an Agro Pastoral Community in Ethiopia." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (2020): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa043_098.
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Abstract Objectives To determine the difference in underlying factors related to child nutritional status between pastoral and agro pastoral based communities in Ethiopia. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in two rural pastoral communities located in the Somali region and agro pastoral community located in Southern Nations. Pairs of mothers and their infants aged 6 to 52 months were randomly selected to participate in the survey. Data was collected using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, Dietary Diversity, and Sanitation for Household Survey. Anthropometric measurements taken included height, length, and weight using WHO Anthro version 3.2.2. Chi-square tests were used to assess differences between communities. Logistic regression were used to analyze factors that contributed to infant health status. Results A total of 232 participants from both communities completed the survey. The agro pastoral community reported a higher food insecurity rate at 87% than the pastoral community at 70%. The prevalence of women not achieving the minimum dietary diversity was significantly higher in the pastoral community than the agro pastoral community (94% vs 68%, P < .001). Similarly, more households in the pastoral community reported accessing drinking water from unimproved sources (64% vs 0.9%, P < .001) and using unimproved toilet facilities (97% vs. 77%, P < .001) than the agropastoral community. Although almost all participants from both the agropastoral and pastoral communities reported washing their hands during critical times (100% and 96%) respectively. In addition, the pastoral community had significantly higher prevalence rates of infants’ wasting (44.5% vs 0%, P < .001) and underweight (47.8% vs 7.7%, P < .001) than the agro pastoral community. Conclusions Even though the prevalence of food insecurity was higher in the agro pastoral community than the pastoral community, they had lower rates of infant malnutrition. In contrast, although the pastoral community reported a lower rate of food insecurity, they had higher rates of child wasting and underweight, reported low dietary diversity, and poor hygiene practices. Based on these findings, dietary diversity and environmental sanitation may be protective of child wasting and underweight over and above food insecurity. Funding Sources Feed the Future Livestock Systems Innovation Lab (LSIL).
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Coppock, D. Layne, Seyoum Tezera, Solomon Desta, et al. "Cross-Border Interaction Spurs Innovation and Hope Among Pastoral and Agro-Pastoral Women of Ethiopia and Kenya." Rangelands 35, no. 6 (2013): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/rangelands-d-13-00039.1.
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Omolo, Nancy, Paramu Mafongoya, and Oscar Ngesa. "Gender and Resilience to Climate Variability in Pastoralists Livelihoods System: Two Case Studies in Kenya." Journal of Sustainable Development 10, no. 2 (2017): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v10n2p218.
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Recurrent droughts due to climate change has led to vulnerability of the pastoralist communities, leading to loss of assets and food insecurity. Climate change will have different impacts on women and men’s livelihoods. Building resilience at individual, household and community level will largely depend on the suitability of interventions to the local context, particularly in relation to the social dynamics and power relations that create differences in vulnerability. Most of the research have focused on national and regional studies. The impact of climate change will not be uniformly distributed in countries within Africa or within the same country. This specific research focuses on two diverse ecological zones at the local level in the same County of Turkana in north western Kenya: agro-pastoral zone and primary pastoral zone. This paper aims to evaluate women and men’s adaptive capacity to climate variability in Turkana, north-western Kenya. It is evident that increasing resilience can be realised by reducing vulnerabilities and increasing adaptive capacity. The results revealed that agro-pastoralists are more resilient to climate change than primary pastoralists. Male headed household are more resilient than female headed households. Access to basic services is contributing more in the resilience score than assets, gender of house hold head and age. Generally, few families in this region have very high resilience score.
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Welton, Rebekah. "Ritual and the Agency of Food in Ancient Israel and Judah: Food Futures in Biblical Studies." Biblical Interpretation 25, no. 4-5 (2017): 609–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685152-02545p09.
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This article addresses a gap in current biblical scholarship regarding food production and consumption. Using meat and beer as two brief case studies, the potential of food to symbolise and inculcate identities and status in the agro-pastoral Israelite and Judahite household will be demonstrated. A case will also be made for attributing agency to food. In particular, this method elucidates the roles and identities of various members of the household, including its animals and deities, and especially focuses on the ritual agency of women.
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OLADUNJOYE, B. G., A. A. BUSART, A. W. ADEKOYA, V. O. OKORUWA, and J. A. OLANITE. "A SURVEY OF DAIRY PRODUCTION PRACTICES IN THE DERIVED SAVANNAH OF OYO STATE SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 28, no. 2 (2021): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v28i2.1905.
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The study was conducted to find out dairy production practices among Agro-pastoral Fulani women in the derived Savannah of Oyo State, Southwestern Nigeria. Data were collected, using structured questionnaire from 120 Fulani women in three Local Government areas namely: 0yo West, Atiba and Ogbomosho North respectively. The study revealed that the main dairying activities are milking of cattle, processing and marketing of dairy products. The most preferred dairy products are wara (local cheese), ghee and butter. Marketing was done exclusively by self or in combination with intermediaries ("middlemen"). Main reasons for engagement in dairying activities are: Income generation, cultural and husband's wish. Constraints mostly encountered are bad roads, inadequate transport facilities and inadequate supply of raw milk from the cattle in dry season. Sources of agricultural information include; friends/neighbours, radio broadcasts, and International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) Programme, Ibadan.
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Ajodo-Adebanjoko, Angela. "Rural Banditry in Northwest Nigeria Amidst a Global Pandemic: A Gender Perspective." Political Crossroads 24, no. 1 (2020): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7459/pc/24.1.05.
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Rural banditry in Nigeria’s northwest in recent years has made the zone a hotbed of violence. What started as localized disputes in the agro-pastoral sector in 2010 has today metamorphosed into an intractable crisis posing a major threat to national and regional security. Banditry in the zone is characterized by large scale killings, abductions, raids on communities, rape of women and girls and displacement of people and is exacerbated by collapse of governance and absence of law and order, injustice, porous borders and proliferation of Small and Light Weapons (SALWs) among others. In the midst of the coronavirus pandemic, banditry continues to take devastating tolls on its victims, especially women who are the most vulnerable in times of crisis. Women and girls face a double challenge of gender-based violence perpetrated by bandits and intimate partners during the global health crisis. The pervasiveness, intensity and intractability of banditry in the midst of the coronavirus pandemic is worrisome as it could make worse existing gender inequalities such as rape, transactional sex, child marriages, increase in the number of out-of-school girls and the practice of purdah. To address the conflict, a multi-approach involving all stakeholders in the conflict is recommended.
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Belay, Womber Gurmu. "The role of women in livelihood security at household level among pastoral and agro-pastoral societies of Ethiopian Somali region: The case of two selected districts from Fafen zone of Ethiopian Somali Region." International Journal of Sociology and Anthropology 10, no. 4 (2018): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ijsa2018.0760.
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Deshar, Rashila, and Madan Koirala. "Gender-wise contribution in carbon management by high himalayan ethnic group of Gatlang VDC, Rasuwa, Nepal." Nepal Journal of Environmental Science 4 (December 5, 2016): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njes.v4i0.22723.
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In mountainous country Nepal having large populations of culturally unique indigenous peoples poses threats of glaciers retreat and resource bases change. The indigenous people living in mountain plays the major role in carbon management. Further, the role and responsibilities of men and women varies differently in natural resource conservation and management. However, their participation in decision-making and benefit sharing is poor. The majority of women have unequal access to productive resources and decision-making process. Therefore, study on gender based agro-pastoral activities, their contribution on carbon management and decision-making process were carried out in Tamang ethnic group of Gatlang VDC of Rasuwa district, Nepal. For the purpose, 30 households were selected purposively. Similarly, four focus group discussions were carried out among the separate group of women, men and group consisting both men and women. Carbon management types: input carbon and output carbon activities were studied on men and women. In total, 23 different agro-pastorals related activities were found, among them 57% of work were supported by women, 39% by both men and women, and 4% by men only. With respect to fuel-wood, in average, 10 kg per day fuelwood is necessary for one household. The use of biomass for cooking emits chocking smoke and causes indoor air pollution. All these disadvantages lead to carbon emission which might lead to health deterioration of women by increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and respiratory disorders. The average fuel-wood requirement was found to be 840 kg/capita/year which are found to be higher than the other physiographic regions of Nepal. This is due to use of fuel-wood as only source of energy in the study area. Out of total respondent, it was observed that 30% literate men allow their wife to make joint decision on the major household issues. Similarly, 3% literate women respondents took the major decision by their own or jointly with their husbands. On the other hand, 30% illiterate men and 37% illiterate women either didn’t allow their wife or don’t participate in major decision-making process. Further, it is revealed from the chi square test that literacy plays major role in decision making (x2 = 5.625, df =1, p=0.017). Similarly, educated women actively join together with their husband in decision making. Moreover, women have high contribution in carbon input and output activities. Therefore, the women education should be promoted to make their equal and strong participation in decision making, which ultimately contribute in carbon input and output activities, through their greater roles in livestock husbandry and fuel-wood management relative to men. Further, importance of women’s role in carbon management should be given greater prominence.
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Cooper, Barbara M. "Women's Worth and Wedding Gift Exchange in Maradi, Niger, 1907–89." Journal of African History 36, no. 1 (1995): 121–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700027006.
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Wedding gift exchange from the turn of the century to the present has served as a medium through which women in the Maradi valley of Niger could assert their worth, create social ties and respond to a shifting political economy. Rather than exploring the implications of ‘bridewealth’ and ‘dowry’ in isolation, this paper sees wedding prestations as an ongoing and evolving dialogue in which women's roles and worth are contested, the nature of wealth is redefined and the terms of marriage are negotiated. The crisis in domestic labor which arose with the decline of slavery in the early decades of the century gave rise to informal unions through which the labor of junior women could be controlled. Women responded to these informal marriages by staging highly visible ceremonies which established the worth and standing of the bride. With the growth of an increasingly urban-centered commercial and bureaucratic economy, women have been drawn into a desperate ‘search for money’ to continue to meet their obligations in the gift economy. While the outward form of wedding gift exchange appears unchanged, the importance of cash to the acquisition of goods, services, and productive resources has radically altered both the content and the significance of gift exchange. Gifts no longer embody wealth in people derived from ability within an agro-pastoral economy. Instead they reveal the giver's access to the resources of the state and the market. Women's eroding position within the economy since 1950 has drawn them further and further into gift exchange, both in order to build a safety net in the form of exchange value stored in a woman's dowry and to secure the social ties which can ensure their continued access to increasingly contested resources.
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Blystad, Astrid, Ole Bjørn Rekdal, and Herman Malleyeck. "Seclusion, Protection and Avoidance: Exploring the Metida Complex among the Datoga of Northern Tanzania." Africa 77, no. 3 (2007): 331–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afr.2007.0045.
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AbstractThis article deals with metida avoidance practices as they emerge in daily and ritual practice among the agro-pastoral Datoga-speaking peoples of Tanzania. The elaboration of the avoidance practices varies starkly between and within Datoga segments, but these practices are commonly particularly elaborate in connection with death or death-like events, and with birth or birth-like events. In the study area women may spend years of their lives with severe restrictions on their conduct in terms of movement and socialization. We argue that in making sense of such avoidance phenomena the strong influence of Mary Douglas's ‘dirt’ and ‘pollution’ concepts has hindered an understanding of the fact that the metida seclusion does not only isolate substances perceived to be dangerously contaminating, but in similar ways secludes fertile and vulnerable elements in order to protect them. A Strathern-inspired transition to a focus on bodies as open and dynamic systems that mingle with other bodies in intimate flows or exchanges of bodily fluids may be fruitful in this context. We indicate, however, that incautious substitution of a ‘pollution’ concept with the concept of ‘flows’ may lead to challenges not entirely dissimilar to those that attended the employment of Douglas's concepts.
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Våga, Bodil Bø, Karen Marie Moland, and Astrid Blystad. "Boundaries of confidentiality in nursing care for mother and child in HIV programmes." Nursing Ethics 23, no. 5 (2016): 576–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733015576358.
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Background: Confidentiality lies at the core of medical ethics and is the cornerstone for developing and keeping a trusting relationship between nurses and patients. In the wake of the HIV epidemic, there has been a heightened focus on confidentiality in healthcare contexts. Nurses’ follow-up of HIV-positive women and their susceptible HIV-exposed children has proved to be challenging in this regard, but the ethical dilemmas concerning confidentiality that emerge in the process of ensuring HIV-free survival of the third party – the child – have attracted limited attention. Objective: The study explores challenges of confidentiality linked to a third party in nurse–patient relationships in a rural Tanzanian HIV/AIDS context. Study context: The study was carried out in rural and semi-urban settings of Tanzania where the population is largely agro-pastoral, the formal educational level is low and poverty is rife. The HIV prevalence of 1.5% is low compared to the national prevalence of 5.1%. Methods: Data were collected during 9 months of ethnographic fieldwork and consisted of participant observation in clinical settings and during home visits combined with in-depth interviews. The main categories of informants were nurses employed in prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV programmes and HIV-positive women enrolled in these programmes. Ethical considerations: Based on information about the study aims, all informants consented to participate. Ethical approval was granted by ethics review boards in Tanzania and Norway. Findings and discussion: The material indicates a delicate balance between the nurses’ attempt to secure the HIV-free survival of the babies and the mothers’ desire to preserve confidentiality. Profound confidentiality-related dilemmas emerged in actual practice, and indications of a lack of thorough consideration of the implication of a patient’s restricted disclosure came to light during follow-up of the HIV-positive women and the third party – the child who is at risk of HIV infection through mother’s milk. World Health Organization’s substantial focus on infant survival (Millennium Development Goal-4) and the strong calls for disclosure among the HIV-positive are reflected on in the discussion.
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Oppo, Anna. ""Where There's No Woman There's No Home": Profile of the Agro-Pastoral Family in Nineteenth-Century Sardinia." Journal of Family History 15, no. 1 (1990): 483–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036319909001500127.
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Oppo, Anna. "“Where There's No Woman There's No Home”: Profile of the Agro-Pastoral Family in Nineteenth-Century Sardinia." Journal of Family History 15, no. 4 (1990): 483–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036319909001500407.
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Tadesse, Bamlaku, Fekadu Beyene, Workneh Kassa, and Richard Wentzell. "The Roles of Customary Institutions in Adaptation and Coping to Climate Change and Variability among the Issa, Ittu and Afar Pastoralists of eastern Ethiopia." Change and Adaptation in Socio-Ecological Systems 2, no. 1 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cass-2015-0025.
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Abstract(Agro) pastoral communities who reside in the arid and semi-arid environments of Ethiopia are vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and variability specifically to the recurrent drought, floods and conflicts. From their long years of rich experiences of how to survive on such environmental pressures, (agro) pastoralists have also developed various forms of adaptation as well as coping strategies to the impacts of climate change and variability. Such strategies are closely guided and supervised by their customary institutions which have rich experiences in addressing the socio-economic/ cultural, political and environmental/ecological aspects. To mention some of the adaptation mechanisms in the study area are pastoral mobility; relying on traditional early warning mechanisms; area enclosures and preparing of hays/forage; diversifying livestock and selection of their species; the shift from pure form of pastoral to agropastoral production systems; and among others. Some of the coping strategies employed by the (agro) pastoralists are also their engagement in charcoal production and fire wood collections; the sell of their livestock, government support in the form of safety net and MERET project and their indigenous social support mechanisms; petty trading especially by women; brokering on livestock trade; engagement in contraband trade; searching for daily labor, and among others. The paper also tried to assess the roles of customary institutions in social support mechanisms to the problems posed by the impacts of climate change and variability to their age old traditional ways of livelihood mechanisms.
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Seifu, Wubareg, and Beyene Meressa. "Maternal Health Care Service Utilization and Associated Factors among Pastoral and Agro Pastoral Reproductive Age Women Residing in Jigjiga Town, Somali Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia." Bioenergetics Open access 06, no. 01 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2167-7662.1000206.
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Nunow, Abdimajid, Nzioka J. Muthama, Ininda J. Mwalichi, and Kinama Josiah. "Comparative Analysis of The Role of Gender in Climate Change Adaptation Between Kajiado And Kiambu County, Kenya." Journal of Climate Change and Sustainability, March 15, 2019, 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20987/jccs.3.03.2019.
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Many studies on adaptation to a changing climate have been undertaken across the world Kenya included. However, comparative analysis of gender in relationship to climate adaptation is poorly documented. This study therefore investigated how gender impacts community based adaptation to climate change in Kajiado County, representing mainly pastoral/ASAL regions of Kenya characterized by dry conditions and falling between agro climatic zones IV-VII and Kiambu County, representing mainly farming/highland regions of Kenya characterized by wet conditions and falling under agro climatic zones of between I-III. The study applied systematic random sampling to identify 312 households for interviews. Purposive random sampling was applied where fourteen key informant interviews were done together with six Focus Group Discussions involving three groups of men only, women only and inclusive one to verify information from the individual interviews within the selected communities. The results are comparative analysis of how communities in two different agro-ecological zones (AEZs) adapted to climate change coupled with declining resource base while operating on unequal gender dynamics. The assumption of the study was change in climate in Kajiado and Kiambu County would lead to increased food insecurity and gender disparity. Respondents from both Counties experienced increased drought periods, reduced rainfall patterns thus negatively impacting their livelihood sources. However, there is more gender disparity in Kajiado than Kiambu and also climate change has execrated the situation thus undermining efforts toward food security.
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SILIKAM, Julie Jasmine, and Angeline Raymonde NGO ESSOUNGA. "Women's Income-Generating Activities and Gender Roles in Rural Households in Mayo Danay Division, Northern Cameroon." Journal of Social and Political Sciences 4, no. 3 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.31014/aior.1991.04.03.298.
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In sub-Saharan Africa, women participate in the rural labor market where they are present in subsistence agro-pastoral activities, which are more domestic work and, in other income-generating rural activities such as trading. Within the studies carried out on women’s status in communities, those on women's access to income-generating activities in certain contexts such as Ghanaian urban areas, have revealed that, income-generating activities contribute to a redistribution of gender roles in households. This paper by questioning the impacts of women's economic activities on gender relations within households in rural areas of Northern Cameroon, aims to analyse the realities faced by women involved in income-generating activities in a particular rural area to assess if the changes mentioned above happened in all communities. The data used for this work are empirical data from a qualitative survey of 48 women living in 8 villages in Mayo Danay, an administrative territory in Northern Cameroon. The results of this survey reveal that rural women involved in income-generating activities are both breadwinners and domestic workers. Contrary to what was observed in Ghana, the status of female breadwinners does not participate in the emancipation of women. Indeed, even with their means of production, women are still dependent on men and are still alone to bear the burden of the domestic work. Access of women to income-generating activities and their participation in household expenditures have surely reduced poverty in households but have not contributed to gender roles changes.