Journal articles: 'Agrochemical'

1

Obulamah, Nafisat M., Emmanuel S. Salau, Ezra G. Luka, and Haruna S. Umar. "Factors Affecting the Adoption of Agrochemical Safety Measures among Crop Farmers in Southern Agricultural Zone of Nasarawa State, Nigeria." Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal 14, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.52951/dasj.22140215.

Full text

Abstract:

The study identified the factors affecting the adoption of agrochemical safety measures among crop farmers in the Southern Agricultural Zone of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study include; identifying the rate of awareness of agrochemical safety measures, to identify adoption level of agrochemical safety measures and to determine the effect of socio-economic characteristic on the adoption of agrochemical safety measures. A multistage sampling technique was employed to select 220 crop farmers for the study. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain data and data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The Result of the study revealed that farmers in the area were aware of the following agrochemical safety measures: avoid eating and drinking when using agrochemicals/bathing after spraying (85%), washing spraying clothes separately from other clothes (74%), and danger of ingestion/inhalation of agrochemicals (70%) among others. Also, results on the adoption of agrochemical safety measures show that 50% of the respondents adopted on a high scale level, 38% adopted on a medium scale and 12% adopted on a low scale. Level of education, extension contact, farm size, and household size were the socio-economic characteristics that had un influence on the adoption of agrochemical safety measures in the area. It is therefore recommended that extension workers should intensify un enlightenment campaign on the danger of exposure to agrochemicals in order to achieve full adoption of agrochemical safety measures by crop farmers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Mabe, Franklin N., Kwadwo Talabi, and Gideon Danso-Abbeam. "Awareness of Health Implications of Agrochemical Use: Effects on Maize Production in Ejura-Sekyedumase Municipality, Ghana." Advances in Agriculture 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7960964.

Full text

Abstract:

This study assessed factors that affect awareness of health implications of agrochemical use and its effects on maize production in Ejura-Sekyedumase Municipality of Ashanti Region, Ghana. One hundred and fifty-four (154) maize farmers were randomly sampled from the municipality. The study used awareness indicators to estimate an index representing farmers’ awareness levels of health implications of agrochemical use. An ordered logit compliment with multivariate linear regression model was used to identify the drivers of farmers’ awareness level of health implications of agrochemical use. Also, a multivariate linear regression model was used to analyze the effects of health implications of agrochemical use on maize output. On average, the respondents have the moderate awareness level of health implications of agrochemical use (0.578). The awareness level was significantly explained by education, the number of children in school, ownership of TV/radio, experience in agrochemicals use, and farm size. The multivariate linear regression results showed that awareness levels of health implications of agrochemical use increase maize output. It is therefore recommended that interventions aimed at increasing farmers’ awareness levels of health implications of agrochemicals use should focus on educating farmers through interactive radio discussion and training sessions on the field and incorporate safety use of agrochemical in our educational curriculum.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Mariyono, Joko, Apri Kuntariningsih, Enny Suswati, and Tom Kompas. "Quantity and monetary value of agrochemical pollution from intensive farming in Indonesia." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 29, no. 4 (June 11, 2018): 759–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-03-2017-0030.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to measure the environmental performance of intensive farming and estimate agrochemical waste in physical and monetary terms. The intensive farming provides adverse impacts including health and environmental quality associated with the use of agrochemicals. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a theory of environmental efficiency that measures how efficient the farm uses agrochemical inputs. The efficiency was estimated using a set of farm-level data of intensive farming that use agrochemicals. Data were compiled from a survey of randomly selected 240 farmers who operated intensive farming in three regions of Java in 2014. Findings The results show that the performance of intensive farming was low. This condition caused agrochemical waste leading to the externality. Taking the external costs into account resulted in the improvement in efficiency of agrochemicals. The actual level of agrochemicals was about a hundred times higher than the most efficient level. Research limitations/implications This study is beyond the exogenous external costs. There is a need for a further comprehensive study to include more exogenous external costs associated with agrochemicals to have the potential value of such costs and the most socially efficient use of agrochemicals. The long-term effects of external cost to the environment and socio-economic livelihood of the farmers and other communities are considerable. Advocating for alternatives to decrease the use of detrimental agro-inputs, in the long run, will provide sound quality of the environment. Socially, both producers and consumers get the environmental and health benefits. Practical implications To reduce the agrochemical waste that caused environmental problems, a policy should be formulated to make farming more efficient, particularly for agrochemical use. It can be done by introducing agronomic technologies and enhancing farmers’ knowledge on environmentally friendly agriculture. Originality/value Environmental efficiency is able to estimate the quantity of agrochemical waste. The waste is a kind of non-point source pollution whose source and quantity are very difficult to identify and measure. As there are many definitions and measurement of environmental performance, this concept of environmental efficiency can be one of the alternatives.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Demi, Suleyman M., and Suzanne R. Sicchia. "Agrochemicals Use Practices and Health Challenges of Smallholder Farmers in Ghana." Environmental Health Insights 15 (January 2021): 117863022110430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11786302211043033.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Globally, Africa is one of the continents that uses the lowest quantity of agrochemicals in farming. However, unsafe chemical use practices are high among farmers in Africa, posing serious health and environmental consequences. This study seeks to address three questions: (1) What factors motivate/compel smallholder farmers in Ghana to use agrochemicals? (2) What safety precautions or unsafe chemical use practices can be found in the communities? (3) What are the health implications of agrochemical use among smallholder farmers in Ghana? Methodology: The study used purposive and simple random sampling techniques to select 136 individuals for the survey, out of which 31 individuals were eliminated, and 105 participants were selected for in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Additionally, participants’ observations were collected, workshops were facilitated, and documents analyses were conducted. Qualitative data were analyzed using NVivo software and the quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Findings: The study found that environmental challenges, activities of NGOs, government policy, lack of or high cost of labor, and competition among farmers were major factors influencing farmers’ decisions to use agrochemicals. Present agrochemical use in Ghana poses a risk to health and the environment. Finally, the study discovered chemical poisoning and low self-reported health quality as major health implications of agrochemical use in the communities.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Wong, Eric, and Julia Hagen. "An Evidence-based Causal Perspective of Agrochemical Pollution and Its Impact on Health." Science Insights 41, no. 5 (October 30, 2022): 691–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15354/si.22.re086.

Full text

Abstract:

The extensive use of agrochemicals has had a wide range of impacts on human health. The research progress of the impact of agrochemical use on human health is reviewed, in order to provide some support and protection for taking corresponding measures to minimize or avoid the harm of agrochemicals to human health.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Xie, Lin, Zeyuan Qiu, Liangzhi You, and Yang Kang. "A Macro Perspective on the Relationship between Farm Size and Agrochemicals Use in China." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (November 9, 2020): 9299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219299.

Full text

Abstract:

Agrochemicals are overused in China. One strategy to reduce agrochemical use is to increase farm size because of the potential effect of economy of scale. Existing studies at a micro scale present mixed and often conflicting results on the relationship between agrochemical use and farm size. This study aimed to assess that relationship from a macro perspective using an aggregated panel dataset in 30 provinces in China from 2009 to 2016. The empirical results confirm the existence of both economy and diseconomy of scale effects on agrochemical use in China. The agrochemical application rates decreased as the proportion of farms between 0.667 and 2 ha increased. The diseconomy of scale existed when significantly larger farms, such as the farms larger than 3.34 ha, continued to emerge. Given the fact that 78.6% of farms are under 0.667 ha in China, our results suggest that the reduction strategy based on only expanding farm size might achieve some initial success in reducing agrochemical use, but the effect would fade away and be reversed as significantly large farms continue to emerge. These results have significant policy implications as China is proactively developing and implementing various policies and strategies to modernize its agriculture toward achieving its sustainability goals.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Monteiro, Emiliano Soares, Rodrigo da Rosa Righi, Jorge Luis Victória Barbosa, and Antônio Marcos Alberti. "APTM: A Model for Pervasive Traceability of Agrochemicals." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (September 2, 2021): 8149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11178149.

Full text

Abstract:

As the world population increases and the need for food monoculture farms are using more and more agrochemicals, there is also an increase in the possibility of theft, misuse, environmental damage, piracy of products, and health problems. This article addresses these issues by introducing the agrochemical pervasive traceability model (APTM), which integrates machine learning, sensors, microcontrollers, gamification, and two blockchains. It contributes in two dimensions: (I) the study of the environmental, product piracy and regulatory of agrochemical control; (II) the technological dimension: application of an adequate set of sensors collecting multiple data; modeling and implementation of a system via machine learning for analyzing and predicting the behavior and use of agrochemicals; development of a scoring system via gamification for reverse use of agrochemicals; and presenting a record of transactions in a consortium of two blockchains, simultaneously. Its main advantage is to be a flexible, adaptable, and expansive model. Results indicated that the model has positive aspects, from detecting the agrochemical, its handling, and disposal, recording of transactions, and data visualization along the reverse supply chain. This study obtained a round trip time of 0.510 ms on average; data transfers between layer one and its persistence in the database were between 4 to 5 s. Thus, blockchain nodes consumed only 34 to 38% of CPU and recorded transactions between 2 to 4 s. These results point to a horizon of applicability in real situations within agricultural farms.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Ferraz, Fabrina Teixeira, Luciano Cavalcante de Jesus França, Adênio Louzeiro de Aguiar Júnior, Temístocles Pacheco Lima, and Fausto Weimar Acerbi Júnior. "Risk of agrochemical contamination in a hydrographic basin in the matopiba region in Brazil." Revista Engenharia na Agricultura - REVENG 30 (August 17, 2022): 246–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.13083/reveng.v30i1.13813.

Full text

Abstract:

The intensive use of agrochemicals has been associated with global human health problems and environmental contamination. Brazil is the world’s largest agrochemical consumer, and this position highlights the growth of agribusiness in the MATOPIBA region (Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí, and Bahia states). The use of agrochemicals is recurrent in local agricultural practices. However, there is little information on the environmental impacts and risks of contamination regarding river basins in this region. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the risk of contamination by agrochemicals in the basin area of the Açailândia River in Maranhão. From the multicriteria evaluation, environmental information plans were used to determine the trend of water behavior, infiltration, and runoff, along with agrochemical transportation. The joint evaluation of this information was used to generate the final map of the areas of contamination risk posed by agrochemicals in the region. The hydrographic basin presented high anthropization, with an increase of approximately 27% in land use and occupation by crops in the period from 1984 to 2018. The area of 1087.62 km², corresponding to 35.9% of the basin area, presented a high and extremely high risk of contamination.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

CHO, Kwang Yun. "Agrochemical Industry and Agrochemical Research in Korea." Journal of Pesticide Science 21, no. 1 (1996): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.21.119.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Hirunrussamee, Jittima, Waranya Wongwit, Prapin Tharnpoophasiam, Suwalee Worakhunpiset, Kraichat Tantrakarnapa, and Anamai Thetkathuek. "Agrochemical Residues in Soil, Water, Chicken’sBlood and Worker’s Urine Samples in Rose Farms, Tak Province, Thailand." Journal of Environmental Science and Management 25, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2022_1/05.

Full text

Abstract:

The agrochemical overuse, especially that of paraquat, cypermethrin and carbendazim, has been observed in Thailand. Residuals do not only contaminate the environment and agricultural products, but also other living organisms related to the farming. With less attention being paid to the agrochemical residues in the environment, this study aimed to quantify agrochemical residues in soil, water, chicken’s blood and worker’s urine samples across different periods of cultivation among nine rose farms in Tak Province, Thailand were selected as study sites. Various agrochemicals were used throughout the year; particular attention was paid to paraquat, cypermethrin and carbendazim. Soil and water samples represented the environment, chicken’s blood represented animal subjects, and urine samples of rose farmers represented human subjects. The study revealed the existence of those three agrochemical residues in both soil and water samples. It was only in soil samples that paraquat and cypermethrin concentrations were higher than the maximum allowable concentration (47.24 mg kg-1and 0.24 mg kg-1, respectively). Residues of cypermethrin and carbendazim were found only in chicken’s blood (0.0280 μg L-1 and 0.0750 - 0.1640 μg L-1, respectively). Since rose farmers were well equipped with personal protective equipment when applying the pesticides, paraquat, cypermethrin and carbendazim quantifications in their urine samples were all below the detectable limits of the instruments used. Further studies such as better methods for residue analysis and a larger sample size are needed. More reliable quantifications may possibly result in assessing the relationship between agrochemical residues among environmental and living organisms.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Kaewkerd, Onuma, Supavadee Thiengtham, Anantasak Panput, Chinnakorn Dankasai, Pipatpong Kempanya, and Charoenchai Muenhor. "Health and agrochemical use experiences of agricultural workers with high serum cholinesterase levels in Northeastern Thailand." Journal of Public Health and Development 20, no. 3 (September 9, 2022): 283–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.55131/jphd/2022/200322.

Full text

Abstract:

In developing countries, agrochemicals are frequently used, resulting in direct and indirect chemical exposure as well as a variety of health concerns. Although agrochemical safety education is essential to promoting protective behavior among agricultural workers, there is a gap in the body of evidence concerning experience with agrochemical use and practice, which is critical for developing and improving educational interventions, so they are more effective and acceptable to the workers' culture and lifestyle. This phenomenology study included twenty agricultural workers with high serum cholinesterase levels in two Thai rural communities. Data from semi-structured interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed by using Colaizzi's 7-step data analysis, which is mentioned in the data analysis part. Five themes and three subthemes emerged in relation to agrochemical use and health: (i) long-term chemical exposure; (ii) no need to be concerned about health after chemical exposure; (iii) insufficient chemical protection knowledge and practices; (iv) difficulties in adhering to the agrochemical exposure prevention regimen; and (v) government policy and the growth of the organic products market are important components of chemical use reduction. Based on the findings, the workers lacked awareness regarding protective behaviors, because they did not notice any abnormal changes in their health. We, therefore, recommend that they undergo annual checkups for monitoring their SChE levels, which should be provided by the local government. In addition, agrochemical use is influenced by socioeconomic and political factors. Thus, a health education program for agricultural workers should involve a multidimensional and community-engaged training program that would promote the safe handling of chemicals through contextually appropriate interventions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Hall, J. Christopher. "Agrochemical metabolism." Trends in Plant Science 5, no. 10 (October 2000): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1360-1385(00)01738-6.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Sparks, Thomas C., and Beth A. Lorsbach. "Perspectives on the agrochemical industry and agrochemical discovery." Pest Management Science 73, no. 4 (December 16, 2016): 672–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.4457.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Mokwunye, Idongesit, Folaranmi Babalola, Uche Asogwa, Ndagi Idris, Ismail Aderolu, Francis Mokwunye, and Mohammed Idrisu. "Compliance of agrochemical marketers with banned cocoa pesticides in southwest Nigeria." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 59, no. 2 (2014): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas1402161m.

Full text

Abstract:

This study investigated the compliance of marketers of agrochemicals with the approved and banned cocoa pesticides in selected cocoa producing states of southwest Nigeria. Primary data was collected through the use of structured questionnaire administered to randomly selected agrochemical marketers. All the marketers (100%) were aware of the recently banned cocoa pesticides, however, majority still have the pesticides in stock. About 70.6% of the marketers in Osun state and 58.8% in Ogun state stated that they did not receive information on the banned pesticides from government agencies but through other channels. More than half of the marketers (52.9% in Ogun, 55% in Kwara and 47.1% in Osun) strongly disagreed that government should place a ban on pesticides. Availability of banned pesticides in their stock, insufficient information from the concerned government agricultural agencies, and fear of short supply of approved pesticides are among the reasons proffered by the marketers for not supporting the ban of pesticides. Relevant government regulatory agencies should conduct a comprehensive inventory of pesticides offered for sale by the marketers of agrochemicals. There should be massive public awareness programme, and wellcoordinated association for all the marketers of agrochemicals. Agrochemical manufacturers should translate instructions and warnings on pesticide labels to local languages understood by the farmers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Haile, Dereje, Bizuayehu Tesfaye, and Fassil Assefa. "Overview of Agrochemicals Application Practices on Tomato Farm by Smallholders at Koka, Meki and Ziway, Ethiopia." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 10, no. 4 (May 6, 2022): 781–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v10i4.781-786.4672.

Full text

Abstract:

Promoting the agricultural sector with up-to-date technologies and inputs is convenient to enhance productivity. Production intervention is needed by introducing and adopting proper agronomic practices. Improved agricultural technologies increase production, quality, sustain food security, economic development and natural resource conservation. Koka, Meki and Ziway are known for their vegetable production as well as intensive agrochemicals consumption. Agrochemicals are applied on farm to enhance soil fertility, reduce pathogens, and induce plant growth. Tomato is one of the main commercial cash crops in these areas. Most commercially productive tomato varieties are highly sensitive to disease, vulnerable to nutrient deficiency, and other abiotic stress that requires rigorous agrochemical inputs. Ethiopian tomato production is very low due to various contributing factors including lack of improved varieties, diseases, pests, poor farming system, soil fertility maintenance as well as poor irrigation system. Farmers in the study areas applied inaccurate agrochemicals dose, rate, and application schedule that foster repeated spray. Intense agrochemical application leads to adverse environmental and health impacts due to deposit of toxic chemicals, residue leakage to water bodies and air pollution. It is important to practice proper agricultural inputs, reduce hazardous chemical residues, protect humans, other beneficial organisms and the environment. Moreover, developing IPM technology is recommended for better healthy agricultural production and sustainability.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Truong, Kiet Hong Vo Tuan, Nguyen Thi Pham, and Thoa Thi Kim Nguyen. "Influences of Agrochemicals on Health and Ecology in Vietnamese Mango Cultivation." Scientific World Journal 2021 (October 26, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6434309.

Full text

Abstract:

The study aims to identify risks of agrochemicals that impact farmworkers, consumers, and ecology in Vietnamese mango cultivation to enhance safety and friendly production. The study finds out the total numbers of root fertilizers (N-P-K) of the noncooperative and cooperative farmers are similar, approximately 1,400 kg/ha/year higher than those in other countries. Excessive fertilizer usage is a potential threat to soil, water, and air pollution. In addition, the findings indicate that the ecology component is undergoing the most negative impact from excessive agrochemical use in mango farming. The vast majority of agrochemicals in mango cultivation are fungicide and paclobutrazol over 90% of the total number of agrochemicals used in both noncooperative and cooperative farmer groups among the three seasons. Total field EIQ of the cooperative grower category is less than that of the noncooperative grower category. These results show that mango cultivation should consider rejecting the banned active ingredients of glyphosate, paraquat, and carbendazim as well as reducing fungicide and paclobutrazol usage and encouraging cooperative participation to safeguard the environment and human health. Moreover, science information needs to be closely linked and fed back to policy development to boost the management of the awareness of the ecological risks for farmers associated with reducing agrochemical use in mango cultivation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Sangodoyin, A. Y. "Field Evaluation of the Possible Impact of Some Pesticides on the Soil and Water Environment in Nigeria." Experimental Agriculture 29, no. 2 (April 1993): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700020676.

Full text

Abstract:

SummaryA study conducted at Ibadan, Nigeria, showed that some community water supplies were slightly polluted by the pesticides applied on adjacent farms. There was also evidence of soil degradation as a result of agrochemical use, with differences in the physico-chemical properties of soils in fields where agrochemicals had been applied and in adjacent fields that had not been cultivated. Measures that can be taken to minimize some of the environmental dangers inherent in the application of agrochemicals are discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Farina, Walter M., M. Sol Balbuena, Lucila T. Herbert, Carolina Mengoni Goñalons, and Diego E. Vázquez. "Effects of the Herbicide Glyphosate on Honey Bee Sensory and Cognitive Abilities: Individual Impairments with Implications for the Hive." Insects 10, no. 10 (October 18, 2019): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10100354.

Full text

Abstract:

The honeybee Apis mellifera is an important pollinator in both undisturbed and agricultural ecosystems. Its great versatility as an experimental model makes it an excellent proxy to evaluate the environmental impact of agrochemicals using current methodologies and procedures in environmental toxicology. The increase in agrochemical use, including those that do not target insects directly, can have deleterious effects if carried out indiscriminately. This seems to be the case of the herbicide glyphosate (GLY), the most widely used agrochemical worldwide. Its presence in honey has been reported in samples obtained from different environments. Hence, to understand its current and potential risks for this pollinator it has become essential to not only study the effects on honeybee colonies located in agricultural settings, but also its effects under laboratory conditions. Subtle deleterious effects can be detected using experimental approaches. GLY negatively affects associative learning processes of foragers, cognitive and sensory abilities of young hive bees and promotes delays in brood development. An integrated approach that considers behavior, physiology, and development allows not only to determine the effects of this agrochemical on this eusocial insect from an experimental perspective, but also to infer putative effects in disturbed environments where it is omnipresent.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Mitsui, Teruaki, Takahiro Kobayashi, Toshiki Kagiya, Akio Inaba, and Shinya Ooba. "Verification of a Weeding Robot “AIGAMO-ROBOT” for Paddy Fields." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 20, no. 2 (April 20, 2008): 228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2008.p0228.

Full text

Abstract:

Increased public interest in food safety and clean agriculture (e.g., ecological agriculture, organic culture and agrochemical-free cultivation) is driving a production system change from dependence on and use of agrochemicals toward their elimination. However, this raises a huge time- and labor-consuming problem with weeds. The weeding robot “AIGAMO-ROBOT” we propose decreases weeds in paddy fields without resorting to herbicides.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Chaudhary, Bhanu, Sourabh Dhiman, and Vikas Verma. "Assessment of agrochemical residues in banana fruit by using gas chromatography and QuEChers technique." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 889, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/889/1/012033.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Present study is performed to analyze the residues of agrochemicals in banana fruit sold in the Chandigarh region. Aim is to check whether the agrochemical waste of residues is within the maximum residue levels (MRLs) or not. Market survey was conducted in the fruit ripening godowns and it was observed that different toxic agrochemicals are being used in the banana cultivation and only 15% of working people were aware of chemicals and their harmful effects. The occurrence of some toxic agrochemical residues like endosulfan, carbendazim, chloropyripos, chlorthiophos was analyzed in the banana fruit samples taken from different markets areas of chandigarh. Multi-residue analysis was performed in peel and pulp differently for 10 different samples by gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC MS). Chlorthiophos (organophosphorus pesticide) was found in three peel samples having range 0.004 – 0.23 mg kg−1 and one pulp sample have concentration 0.005 mg kg−1. Carbendazim concentration was in two peel samples have concentrations 0.002 and 0.07 mg kg−1. Endosulfan, chloropyrifus were absent in all samples whereas presence of carbendazim and chlorothiophos were found within MRL guidelines of Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Marocco, Antonello, Gianfranco Dell’Agli, Filomena Sannino, Serena Esposito, Barbara Bonelli, Paolo Allia, Paola Tiberto, Gabriele Barrera, and Michele Pansini. "Removal of Agrochemicals from Waters by Adsorption: A Critical Comparison among Humic-Like Substances, Zeolites, Porous Oxides, and Magnetic Nanocomposites." Processes 8, no. 2 (January 21, 2020): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8020141.

Full text

Abstract:

The use of humic-like substances, zeolites, various porous oxides (i.e., Al, Fe, or Si oxides), and magnetic nanocomposites in the adsorption of agrochemicals from water was critically reviewed. Firstly, the adsorbents were characterized from the structural, textural, and physico-chemical points of view. Secondly, the fundamental aspects of the adsorption of various agrochemicals on the solids (dependence on pH, kinetics, and isotherm of adsorption) were studied and interpreted on the basis of the adsorbent features. Thirdly, iterative processes of agrochemical removal from water by adsorption on the reported solids were described. In particular, in some cases the residual concentration of agrochemicals in water was lower than the maximum concentration of agrochemicals that the Italian regulations allow to be released in wastewater, surface waters, or sink water.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Mariyono, Joko. "Green revolution- and wetland-linked technological change of rice agriculture in Indonesia." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 26, no. 5 (August 10, 2015): 683–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-07-2014-0104.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse aspects of technological change in rice agriculture, related to adoption of the Green Revolution (GR) in Indonesia. Rice production is selected in this study because it plays an important role in the development of Indonesian economy. Particular attention is paid to the use of agrochemicals that has potentials of contaminating the environment. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses an econometric model to investigate the impact of different technologies and policies related to rice production. Production function technology that enables non-neutrality of input use is the underlying concept of this paper. Types of land and transformation in policies related to rice production were accounted for to determine biased technological change. National-wide data were compiled from the Indonesian Bureau of Statistics. Findings – The results show that rice agriculture underwent technological progress with biased technological change. The technological change was capital- and labour-saving, and agrochemical-augmenting. Production system in wetland led to technological change less capital- and labour-intensive, whilst the GR led to technological change more labour-saving and more agrochemical-augmenting. Research limitations/implications – This study only pays attention to environmentally detrimental inputs as a cause of externalities. This is a not full representation of real environmental consequences. In some studies on environmental degradation associated with intensive agricultural practices, however, there are other factors that can degrade the environment, such as soil erosion and soil compaction resulting from certain agricultural practices, and deforestation resulting from agricultural expansion. These are also important environmental impacts. The author expects that these factors are interesting and challenging subjects to be modelled in future research on sustainability of agricultural productivity growth, both theoretically and empirically. Practical implications – Increase in use of agrochemicals was strongly GR linked. Moving from the GR towards more environmentally friendly policy was a wise step to reach sustainable rice production. After the GR, an act that removed pesticide subsidies and disseminated environmentally friendly technology, called integrated pest management was able to reduce the intensity of agrochemical use in rice agriculture. Further actions to support environmentally friendly policy could be the use of bio-agents such as bio-fertilisers and bio-pesticides. Enhancing farmers’ knowledge on the environmental issues and engaging farmers as a part of agro-ecosystem would synergise the actions. Originality/value – This study uses the concept of biased technological change, estimated econometrically using national-level data. The production function used in this analysis enables non-neutrality of agrochemical use. When the result significantly shows the agrochemical-augmenting technological change, it is a convincing evidence, not just by accident, that the GR really led to environmental problem.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Liu, Jizhan, Irfan Abbas, and Rana Shahzad Noor. "Development of Deep Learning-Based Variable Rate Agrochemical Spraying System for Targeted Weeds Control in Strawberry Crop." Agronomy 11, no. 8 (July 26, 2021): 1480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11081480.

Full text

Abstract:

Agrochemical application is an important tool in the agricultural industry for the protection of crops. Agrochemical application with conventional sprayers results in the waste of applied agrochemicals, which not only increases financial losses but also contaminates the environment. Targeted agrochemical sprayers using smart control systems can substantially decrease the chemical input, weed control cost, and destructive environmental contamination. A variable rate spraying system was developed using deep learning methods for the development of new models to classify weeds and to accurately spray on desired weeds target. Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to assess the sprayer performance for weed classification and precise spraying of the target weeds using three classification CNNs (Convolutional Neural Networks) models. The DCNNs models (AlexNet, VGG-16, and GoogleNet) were trained using a dataset containing a total of 12,443 images captured from the strawberry field (4200 images with spotted spurge, 4265 images with Shepherd’s purse, and 4178 strawberry plants). The VGG-16 model attained higher values of precision, recall and F1-score as compared to AlexNet and GoogleNet. Additionally VGG-16 model recorded higher percentage of completely sprayed weeds target (CS = 93%) values. Overall in all experiments, VGG-16 performed better than AlexNet and GoogleNet for real-time weeds target classification and precision spraying. The experiments results revealed that the Sprayer performance decreased with the increase of sprayer traveling speed above 3 km/h. Experimental results recommended that the sprayer with the VGG-16 model can achieve high performance that makes it more ideal for a real-time spraying application. It is concluded that the advanced variable rate spraying system has the potential for spot application of agrochemicals to control weeds in a strawberry field. It can reduce the crop input costs and the environmental pollution risks.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Prasad, Raj. "Influence of Several Pesticides and Adjuvants onChondrostereum purpureum—A Bioherbicide Agent for Control of Forest Weeds." Weed Technology 8, no. 3 (September 1994): 445–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00039488.

Full text

Abstract:

The basidiomycete fungus,Chondrostereum purpureumFr. Pouzar, has been found to be a good potential bioherbicide candidate for control of hardwood vegetation in forests. However, its interaction with some agrochemicals that are normally employed in forest protection was not known. Employing two concentrations (0.01% v/v and 0.1% v/v) of several agrochemicals, a laboratory study was conducted to assess their impacts on the infective mycelia. Except for Bond, and Suntan gel-2, most adjuvants, sunscreen agents, and pesticides (herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides) were fungitoxic at 0.1%. Fungitoxicity was concentration dependent and the results indicate that the possibility of tank-mixing the basidiomycete with agrochemicals appears limited and the possibility of agrochemical residue effects on survival of the basidiomycete is implied.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

dos Santos, Gleissy Mary Amaral Dino Alves, Antônio Augusto Neves, Maria Eliana Lopes Ribeiro de Queiroz, Vagner Tebaldi de Queiroz, Carlos Antonio Alvares Soares Ribeiro, Efraim Lázaro Reis, Ana Carolina Pereira Paiva, et al. "Potential Risk of Agrochemical Leaching in Areas of Edaphoclimatic Suitability for Coffee Cultivation." Water 14, no. 9 (May 9, 2022): 1515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14091515.

Full text

Abstract:

Studies show that agricultural activities around the world still present a strong dependence on agrochemicals that can leach into the soil profile, causing its contamination, as well as that of water resources. In this context, the present study evaluates the potential risk of pesticide leaching in areas of edaphoclimatic suitability for coffee cultivation in Espírito Santo state, Brazil. As a methodology, the areas of edaphoclimatic suitability for conilon and arabica coffee were defined, and subsequently, the risk of leaching of active agrochemical ingredients in these areas was evaluated using the Groundwater Ubiquity Score (GUS), Leaching Index (LIX) and Attenuation Factor/Retardation Factor (AF/RF) methods. Of the ten active ingredients evaluated, sulfentrazone and thiamethoxam present a potential risk of leaching into the groundwater level. The study allowed us to evaluate the potential risk of agrochemical leaching in tropical soils cultivated with coffee using geographic information system (GIS) techniques. The methodological proposal can be adapted for other agricultural areas and crops.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Su, Min, Nico Heerink, Peter Oosterveer, Tao Tan, and Shuyi Feng. "Impacts of China’s Minimum Grain Procurement Price Program on Agrochemical Use: A Household-Level Analysis." Agriculture 11, no. 10 (September 23, 2021): 910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11100910.

Full text

Abstract:

China’s minimum grain procurement price program aims to boost grain production and ensure food self-sufficiency. It may also affect the already very high levels of chemical fertilizer and pesticides consumption, but little is known about these potential side-effects. In this paper, we apply panel data regression techniques to a large rural household-level data set for the period 1997–2010 to examine whether and how the minimum grain procurement price program affected households’ agrochemical use. We find that the minimum grain procurement price program negatively affected both chemical fertilizer and pesticides use, with pesticides use being more responsive than the use of fertilizer. The higher wheat and rice prices that resulted from the program stimulated the use of agrochemicals, but they also stimulated area expansion which contributed to lower agrochemical use per unit of land. These counteracting indirect effects were overshadowed by the large negative direct effect of the minimum procurement price of rice on the use of fertilizer and pesticides.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Silva, Daniela Rodrigues, Joyce K. Daré, and Matheus P. Freitas. "Conformational preferences of fluorine-containing agrochemicals and their implications for lipophilicity prediction." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 16 (October 5, 2020): 2469–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.16.200.

Full text

Abstract:

Molecular polarity governs lipophilicity, which in turn determines important agrochemical and environmental properties, such as soil sorption and bioconcentration of organic compounds. Since the C–F bond is the most polar in organic chemistry, the orientation of fluorine substituents originating from the rotation around C–C(F) bonds should affect the polarity and, consequently, the physicochemical and biological properties of fluorine-containing agrochemicals. Accordingly, this study aims to determine the most likely conformers of some fluorine-containing agrochemicals and to correlate their molecular dipole moments with the respective n-octanol/water partition coefficients (log P), in order to investigate the dependence of the lipophilicity with the molecular conformation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Araújo Magano, Deivid, Ivan Ricardo Carvalho, José Antonio Gonzalez da Silva, Giordano Gelain Conte, Moisés Zotti, Anderson Grutzmacher, and Murilo Vieira Loro. "SELECTIVITY OF REGISTERED AGROCHEMICALS FOR SOYBEANS AIMING IMMATURE PHASES OF Trichogramma pretiosum." Revista Brasileira de Agropecuária Sustentável 12, no. 1 (September 30, 2022): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21206/rbas.v12i1.14241.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of agrochemicals registered for soybean on parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum in immature stages. Bioassays were conducted in the laboratory by exposing eggs parasited, using the methods proposed by the International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control of Noxious Animals and Plants (IOBC). The experimental design was completely randomized with eight replicates per treatment. The parameter for the classify agrochemical were based on the reduction of emergence of parasitoids (RE) evidenced by the number of parasitized eggs per female in the control. Based on the results obtained, all agrochemicals were innocuous to T. pretiosum in their immature stages.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Belingheri, Michael, Yueh-Hsiu Mathilda Chiu, Stefano Renzetti, Deepika Bhasin, Chi Wen, Donatella Placidi, Manuela Oppini, Loredana Covolo, Alessandro Padovani, and Roberto G. Lucchini. "Relationships of Nutritional Factors and Agrochemical Exposure with Parkinson’s Disease in the Province of Brescia, Italy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 6 (March 11, 2022): 3309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063309.

Full text

Abstract:

Environmental exposures to agrochemicals and nutritional factors may be associated with Parkinson’s Disease (PD). None of the studies to date has examined the combined effects of diet and agricultural chemical exposure together. To address these research gaps, we aimed to assess the association of nutritional factors and agrochemical exposure with the risk of PD. A hospital-based case-control study was conducted. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to estimate the association of nutritional and agrochemical exposures with PD, adjusting for gender, age, socio-economic status, head injury, family history, smoking, metals exposure, and α-synuclein gene polymorphism. Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression was applied to examine the effect of dietary components as a mixture. We recruited 347 cases and 389 controls. Parent history of PD (OR = 4.15, 95%CI: 2.10, 8.20), metals exposure (OR = 2.50, 95%CI: 1.61–3.89), SNCA rs356219 polymorphism (OR = 1.39, 95%CI: 1.04–1.87 for TC vs. TT; OR = 2.17, 95%CI: 1.43–3.28 for CC vs. TT), agrochemical exposures (OR = 2.11, 95%CI: 1.41–3.16), and being born in the Brescia province (OR = 1.83, 95%CI: 1.17–2.90) were significantly associated with PD. Conversely, fish intake and coffee consumption had a protective effect. The study confirmed the role of environmental exposures in the genesis of PD. Fish intake and coffee consumption are protective factors even when agricultural chemical exposures exist. Genetic factors and metals exposure were confirmed as risk factors for PD.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Ranabhat, Sharmila, Suman Baskota, and Bishnu Bajagain. "Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Agrochemicals Use among Farmers in Kathmandu, Nepal." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 11, no. 6 (June 10, 2021): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20210613.

Full text

Abstract:

Background and purpose: High agricultural inputs such as chemical fertilizer and pesticides are unlikely to be sustainable for long unless the inputs are properly used in terms of both their quality and quantity. Because of limited knowledge and skills about the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, farmers are haphazardly using agrochemical, which not only disturbs the soil ecosystem, affecting the nutrient recycling process and decreases productivity, but also affects long-term human health. It has a potential connection to cancer, thyroid, and reproductive health in both humans and livestock. Heavy use of chemical herbicides, pesticides, and intensification of agricultural production during the past few decades has led to several harmful effects in surrounding areas of Kathmandu valley. In this context, this study was conducted to assess the farmer’s knowledge towards the use of agrochemicals, to explore the attitude, and practices methods of chemical fertilizer and pesticides in Sankhu and Machhegaun VDCs, Kathmandu, Nepal. As well, this study explored the famers’ self-reported problems associated with the use of agrochemicals. Materials and Methods: In this study, two sampling methods: purposive and snowball sampling was used to select 50 farmers from two villages in Kathmandu, Nepal. The data was obtained by interview and focus group discussion through structured questionnaires and checklists, which were analyzed with descriptive statistical tools. Results and conclusion: Almost half of the farmers (40%) access information about agrochemicals use from friends, elders, relatives, and other farmers followed by agrochemicals retailers and agriculture cooperatives (22%). All the farmers in the study area were aware of the hazards involved in agrochemicals and safety precautions. However, the majority of them (68%) ignored safety precautions while applying agrochemicals. Research revealed that females are more likely to use safety measures than males among those who used safety measures and the higher educational status of respondents plays a vital role in applying safety measures. The most common PPE used by slightly more than a quarter of farmers were rubber gloves, safety shoes, masks, hats, long-sleeved clothes, goggles, and respirators. Furthermore, only 26% of farmers have ever received some kind of training to use agrochemicals. All the farmers washed their hands with soap while only 18% of them took bath immediately after applying agrochemicals. Slightly more than half (52%) of the farmers stored agrochemicals in an unlocked cabinet inside the house and only 14% locked in the safe place outside. Almost half of the farmers (48%) threw away empty agrochemicals in the open space (48%) and 36% of them were reused for storage or other household purposes. Only 8% used the safe disposal procedure i.e., burn or bury. The common time interval (38%) between agrochemicals application and crop harvesting was between one to two weeks followed by two to three weeks (30%). More than half of the farmers (54%) reported that pest and insect activity increased after agrochemicals application. Similarly, some farmers also reported experiencing adverse impacts on their animals (14%) and the surrounding environment. The study revealed that the majority of the farmers 39 (78%) had ill-health symptoms after agrochemicals application. The most common symptoms experienced by them were eye irritation, headache, cough, skin rashes or allergy, vomiting, dizziness, and abdominal pain. Some farmers also reported chronic illnesses such as asthma and bronchitis. Inadequate knowledge and inappropriate practice have resulted in harmful consequences to the farmers' health and the surrounding environment. Based on the results of the study, training for farmers is strongly recommended to improve knowledge on agrochemical use, risk associated with agrochemical, safety precaution, safe storage and disposal and short and long-term health impact. Furthermore, to manage inappropriate disposal practices of the farmers, the local government should provide a common agrochemicals waste disposal site where there is no threat to public health and the environment. Key words: agrochemicals, pesticides, chemical fertilizer, human health, PPE, environment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Spurny, K. R. "On the agrochemical aerosols." Journal of Aerosol Science 25, no. 7 (October 1994): 1364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-8502(94)90146-5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Mustafa, Isshadiba Faikah, and Mohd Zobir Hussein. "Synthesis and Technology of Nanoemulsion-Based Pesticide Formulation." Nanomaterials 10, no. 8 (August 17, 2020): 1608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10081608.

Full text

Abstract:

Declines in crop yield due to pests and diseases require the development of safe, green and eco-friendly pesticide formulations. A major problem faced by the agricultural industry is the use of conventional agrochemicals that contribute broad-spectrum effects towards the environment and organisms. As a result of this issue, researchers are currently developing various pesticide formulations using different nanotechnology approaches. The progress and opportunities in developing nanoemulsions as carriers for plant protection or nanodelivery systems for agrochemicals in agricultural practice have been the subject of intense research. New unique chemical and biologic properties have resulted in a promising pesticide nanoformulations for crop protection. These innovations—particularly the nanoemulsion-based agrochemicals—are capable of enhancing the solubility of active ingredients, improving agrochemical bioavailability, and improving stability and wettability properties during the application, thus resulting in better efficacy for pest control and treatment. All of these—together with various preparation methods towards a greener and environmentally friendly agrochemicals—are also discussed and summarized in this review.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Хузиахметов, Rifkat Khuziakhmetov, Сабиров, Ayrat Sabirov, Сафина, and Aygul Safina. "Study of peat deposits in the Saby and Tyulyachi public districts with the aim of possible usage in the forest seed selection center for the growing seedlings of forest trees according to the technology of BCC AB." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 8, no. 3 (October 24, 2013): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1367.

Full text

Abstract:

The studies of peatlands have been conducted in Saby and Tyulyachi municipal districts of the Republic of Tatarstan for the possible use of them in the forest breeding and seed center for the cultivation of seedlings of forest trees on the technology of the Swedish company BCC AB. We conducted field studies of peat samples in these municipal districts of the Republic of Tatarstan in 2011 and 2012. During the field studies some peat samples were collected from two sites for the full agro-chemical analysis. These peat samples were taken near the village Minger of Saby district, near the village Bolshie Meteski of Tyulyachi district. An agrochemical analysis of samples were hold at the Analytical Research Center of Tatar Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture of Russian Agricultural Academy. To evaluate the results of data of agrochemical analysis of peat samples, taken near the villages Minger and Bolshieg Meteski, have been compared with the data of table 2 and 3. By comparing the studied samples, we concluded that the agrochemicals characteristics of peat corresponded to indicators of lowland peat according to the scale of L.fon Post. The studies have shown that the studied peat deposits in Saby and Tyulyachi municipal districts of the Republic of Tatarstan for its agrochemical properties belong to the lowland peat, which makes them unsuitable for use on the above-mentioned technology. Upland sphagnum peat bogs in this study area are not available, which are necessary for the cultivation of seedlings of forest trees according to the technology of the Swedish company AB BCC.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Oyekale, Abayomi Samuel. "Determinants of Cocoa Farmers’ Compliance with Agrochemical Safety Precautions in Ogun and Osun States, Nigeria." Toxics 10, no. 8 (August 6, 2022): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10080454.

Full text

Abstract:

Cocoa is one of the major cash crops in Nigeria and its production is directly related to the effective utilization of agrochemicals. This paper analysed the factors influencing cocoa farmers’ compliance with agrochemical safety regulations. The data were collected from 326 cocoa farmers from Ogun and Osun states, using multi-stage sampling procedures. The data were analysed with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and an Endogenous Tobit Regression model. The results showed that majority of the farmers were primarily growing cocoa and average ownership of personal protective equipment (PPE) was less than two. Awareness of manufacturers’ instructions was high for insecticides and fungicides, while majority of the farmers were not eating or drinking while handling agrochemicals. Safety compliance indicators were significantly influenced (p < 0.10) by farmers’ ownership of PPE, education, age, awareness of manufacturers’ safety instructions and health status. It was concluded that utilization of PPE was very low among the farmers and efforts to facilitate safety training on the use of different agrochemicals will facilitate safety compliance through proper understanding of manufacturers’ instructions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Ariyaratne, Chatura B., Allen M. Featherstone, and Michael R. Langemeier. "What Determines Productivity Growth of Agricultural Cooperatives?" Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 38, no. 1 (April 2006): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800022069.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper examines productivity of a sample of grain marketing and farm supply cooperatives from 1990 to 1998. The cooperative industry's productivity or growth was mainly due to improvement in technology rather than improvement in pure efficiency or scale. The cooperative industry's productivity was primarily associated with the grain, fertilizer, and agrochemical product lines. Policies that raise fertilizer prices would encourage a cooperative to be technically more productive. In general, policies that raise prices of grain, fertilizer, and agrochemicals would encourage a cooperative to be more productive overall.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Adu, Patrick, Eric Kumah Forkuo, Abubakari Issah, Isaac Owusu Asumadu, Emmanuel Cadman-Sackey, Augustina A. A. Quarshie, Sampson Gyabaa, and Richard K. D. Ephraim. "High Incidence of Moderately Reduced Renal Function and Lead Bioaccumulation in Agricultural Workers in Assin South District, Ghana: A Community-Based Case-Control Study." International Journal of Nephrology 2019 (September 30, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5368427.

Full text

Abstract:

Background. The quest to enhance agricultural productivity and crop yields has led to increased use of agrochemicals on a global scale. Long-term use of these agrochemicals may be associated with adverse health implications. Objective. To assess haematological indices, renal function, heavy metal bioaccumulation in farmers and sprayers, and their use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Materials and Methods. This community-based case-control study was conducted from January 2018 to June 2018 in the Assin South District, Central Region, Ghana. A total of 144 participants were conveniently sampled: 83 agricultural workers (cases) and 61 indigenes with no direct exposure to agrochemicals (controls). Structured questionnaire was used to obtain demographic data as well as agricultural work practices followed by cases. Venous blood samples were drawn from participants and used for estimating full blood count and renal function (serum creatinine (CRE), blood-urea nitrogen (BUN), BUN : CRE ratio, and estimated GFR (eGFR)). Serum lead, arsenic, and cadmium levels were estimated using the Varian AA 240FS atomic spectrometer in an acetylene-air flame. Results. The median RBC (4.49 vs. 4.92 × 1012/L), haemoglobin (12.50 vs. 13.70 g/dL), and platelet (220.00 vs. 268.00) counts were significantly lower in cases. A significantly higher proportion of cases were classified as anaemic or having microcytic cells compared to controls. Also, serum urea (4.08 vs. 3.41; p=0.0009), creatinine (108.10 vs. 101.10; p=0.0286), and BUN : CRE ratio (19.75 vs. 17.84) were significantly higher in cases. Additionally, 18.1% of cases were classified as having moderately reduced renal function compared to only 6.6% of controls. Moreover, a significantly higher proportion of cases had detectable serum lead (55.6% vs. 16.4%) and arsenic (53.1% vs. 9.8%) levels compared to controls. However, on average, 80% of agricultural workers did not use personal protective equipment (PPE) when applying agrochemicals; 84.3% of used agrochemical containments were discarded near the river/canal. Conclusion. Neglect of the use of PPE may be predisposing the agrochemical workers and community to lead and arsenic bioaccumulation with a consequent reduced haematological and renal function.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Zhurlov, O. "Monitoring of microbial communities of surface soil." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 937, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 022006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/937/2/022006.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Currently, the methods used for sampling soil do not meet modern requirements when conducting comprehensive studies of ecological state of soils. Stratified sampling of soil samples does not allow us to judge the gradients of distribution of agrochemical parameters and microbial communities of surface soil layer in natural landscapes. The use of method of GPS positioning of equidistant points of surface layer of soil in a comprehensive study of agrochemical parameters of soil, the composition of microbial communities of landscape makes it possible to draw up a summary map-scheme (GIS). The article analyzes methodological features of selection of soil samples for agrochemical, bacteriological, and molecular biological analysis. Using example of southern alkaline chernozem with gradient of pH distribution from 7.5 to 8.5 units, the distribution of microbial communities and agrochemical parameters in surface layer of soil of a perennial fallow is shown. The range of changes in agrochemical indicators on site with an area of 1 ha for organic matter was (1.4 ± 0.3% - 5.4 ± 0.5%), ammonium (12.3 ± 1.2 - 26.7 ± 2.7 mg/kg), and nitrate nitrogen (0.9 ± 0.1 - 3.9 ± 0.6 mg/kg). The change in microbial communities corresponded to gradient of soil agrochemical parameters.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Shakiba, Sheyda, Carlos E. Astete, Sachin Paudel, Cristina M. Sabliov, Debora F. Rodrigues, and Stacey M. Louie. "Emerging investigator series: polymeric nanocarriers for agricultural applications: synthesis, characterization, and environmental and biological interactions." Environmental Science: Nano 7, no. 1 (2020): 37–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9en01127g.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Henry, Paulette Andrea. "Agrochemicals, Suicide Ideation and Social Responsibility." Issues in Social Science 3, no. 2 (October 4, 2015): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/iss.v3i2.7926.

Full text

Abstract:

<p>This paper examines agricultural advancement, agrochemical use, suicide ideation and social responsibility within the agriculture industry in Guyana. Suicide in Guyana is a serious public health problem. The country is ranked fourth in suicides per capita worldwide, with the highest rate amongst South American and Caribbean nations. Suicide is also ranked as the seventh of the ten major causes of death in Guyana. It is the leading cause of death among young people ages 15-24 and the third leading cause of death among persons ages 25-44. A mixed method was used, as documents were reviewed and thematic areas identified. The influence of locality and gender were both examined in this paper, as farmers in rural communities are engaged in both subsistence and commercial agricultural ventures. Some studies have shown a correlation between localities where there was an overexposure to agrochemicals and suicide ideation. Resultantly, the paper articulates that agricultural advancement must have a human face recognizing that the industry that is boosting Guyana’s economy is also contributing to the demise of a vital section of its populace. It proposes a tripartite process where all stakeholders –governments, the agrochemical industry and the consumers have a responsibility for furthering clinical research, and commit to a rigorous information, education and communication plan, which also fosters dialogue on the reduction of the dependency on agrochemicals. Highlighting education as a medium for change, the paper suggests that education needs to be more than the writings on labels and must be accompanied by enforceable protocols.</p>

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Picuno, Caterina, Zoe Godosi, Kerstin Kuchta, and Pietro Picuno. "Agrochemical plastic packaging waste decontamination for recycling: Pilot tests in Italy." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 50, no. 2 (June 25, 2019): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2019.958.

Full text

Abstract:

Agriculture, one of the main economic pillars in Europe, plays a growing important role towards the environmental sustainability of the extra-urban land, in which the agricultural activities may proactively contribute to control and regulate the whole ecological conditions. Modern agriculture currently needs big quantities of agrochemicals, which are necessary for the growth and protection of crops and animals. These agrochemicals are commercially distributed to consumers in many types of containers. The most widely used packaging solutions usually employ plastic materials (e.g., containers for liquid pesticide; sacks for granular fertiliser; etc.). These materials, after the use of the agrochemical, need to be decontaminated, before being entrained in a recycling process, in the framework of a circular economy. In the present paper the main results coming from a EU-funded international project are reported, with specific reference to a pilot station that was realised in Italy with the aim to implement and test a codified system for the decontamination of these plastic containers for agrochemicals. The experimental tests were supported by relevant laboratory analysis, which have confirmed that the triple-rinsing decontamination procedure - traditionally employed by farmers for washing and decontaminating these containers - may be effective only under some well-defined conditions. Triple rinsing by farmers has indeed led to an only partial decontamination of the plastic containers, if farmers did not follow an appropriate triple-rinsing protocol, or did not triple-rinse the containers immediately after their emptying.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Voloschynska, Svitlana, and Valentyna Golub. "Interaction between agrochemical indexes of soils and content of heavy metals in urboecosystem of Kovel." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 44 (November 28, 2013): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2013.44.1190.

Full text

Abstract:

It is fixed the background meaning of heavy metals on the conditionally clean territories and it is ascertained the level of contamination by them the urboecosystem in Kovel. It is proved essential changes the agrochemical indexes of municipal soils. It is carried out correlation and cluster analyses between agrochemical indexes and heavy metals in the background areas and the urboecosystem in Kovel. Key words: heavy metals, background meaning, urboecosystem, agrochemical indexes, correlation analysis, cluster analysis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Koshkalda, Iryna, and Katerina Sheludko. "Agro-chemical certification as a precondition for stable agricultural landscaping formation." University Economic Bulletin, no. 39 (December 20, 2018): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2018-39-7-13.

Full text

Abstract:

In today's conditions of European integration processes, the problem of the formation of agricultural land use in accordance with the strategy of sustainable development of Ukraine is of considerable interest to the study. In view of the imperfection of the functioning of the regulatory and legal framework and the instability of the political situation in the country, the problem of preservation of rational use and protection of agricultural land use becomes especially relevant. In our opinion, one of the factors contributing to the formation of sustainable agricultural land use is the agrochemical passport of the field, land, agrochemical certification. The purpose of this work is to conduct an analysis of the regulation of relations in the field of agrochemical certification in the formation of sustainable agricultural land use. The study used general scientific and special methods: analysis and synthesis, analogies and comparisons, generalizations, statistics, etc. The methodological basis of the study is an integrated approach, system-structural analysis and a dialectical method of scientific knowledge. The work substantiates that agrochemical certification of a particular site is an important tool in the formation of sustainable development of agricultural land use through the prism of interaction between the legal, technological, ecological and economic environment. The algorithm of agrochemical certification is improved, which gives a systematic representation of the process of certification. The proposed algorithm involves the structuring of nine stages of its implementation. Based on the research of the current state of agrochemical certification, its principles and tasks were generalized, as well as the functional possibilities of its carrying out, which can be taken into account when developing the Law of Ukraine "On state agrochemical certification of agricultural land".

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Blagoveshchenskii, Yu N., and V. P. Samsonova. "Bayesian approach in agrochemical surveys." Moscow University Soil Science Bulletin 71, no. 4-5 (October 2016): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0147687416040049.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Priyadarshana, Tharaka S. "Sri Lanka’s hasty agrochemical ban." Science 374, no. 6572 (December 3, 2021): 1209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abm9186.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Wheelock, Craig E., and Hisashi Miyagawa. "The omicization of agrochemical research." Journal of Pesticide Science 31, no. 3 (2006): 240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.31.240.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Johnen, Bernhard, Louise Foster, and Mike Thomas. "Stewardship in the agrochemical industry." Pesticide Outlook 11, no. 4 (2000): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b006246o.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Soares, Rogério Barbosa, Samiria Maria Oliveira Silva, Francisco de Assis de Souza, Ticiana Marinho de Carvalho Studart, and Renata Locarno Frota. "Groundwater vulnerability to agrochemical contamination." Revista Brasileira de Ciências Ambientais (Online) 55, no. 4 (2020): 440–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/z2176-947820200531.

Full text

Abstract:

This research aimed at evaluating groundwater vulnerability to agrochemical contamination. To that end, we developed an index called Hydric Vulnerability and Agrochemical Contamination Index (HVACI), which integrates a geographic information system and fuzzy logic to measure catchment vulnerability to agrochemical contamination. Our case study investigates two sub-basins, the Baixo Jaguaribe and the Médio Jaguaribe, in the state of Ceará, Brazil. We built a logical relationship matrix involving economic and environmental information as a tool to enhance public managers' decision-making capabilities. Evaluation was based on four categories of vulnerability — high, medium-high, medium-low, and low —, and we found that the joint area of the Baixo Jaguaribe and Médio Jaguaribe sub-basins presented the following levels of risk contamination: 80.3% of the area had low vulnerability, 3.5% had medium-low vulnerability, 3.0% had medium-high vulnerability, and 13.2% had high vulnerability. Geographically, the municipalities with high vulnerability to contamination by pesticides were Aracati, Icapuí, Limoeiro do Norte, Tabuleiro do Norte, and Quixeré. Therefore, HVACI is an important tool for directing environmental management efforts toward areas identified as highly vulnerable to agrochemical contamination.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

RIDGWAY, TIM, and GREG TUCKER. "Apple: a new agrochemical crop." Biochemical Society Transactions 25, no. 1 (February 1, 1997): 110S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst025110s.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

THAYER, ANN. "Dow, Novartis make agrochemical deals." Chemical & Engineering News 75, no. 20 (May 19, 1997): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v075n020.p012a.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Jiménez, A. M., and M. J. Navas. "Chemiluminescent Methods in Agrochemical Analysis." Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 27, no. 4 (December 1997): 291–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408349708050588.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Agrochemical'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles