To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Agroforest producer.
Journal articles on the topic 'Agroforest producer'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Agroforest producer.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Rahmat Safe’i, Christine Wulandari, and Hari Kaskoyo. "Analisis Kesehatan Hutan dalam Pengelolaan Hutan Rakyat Pola Tanam Agroforestri di Wilayah Kabupaten Lampung Timur." Talenta Conference Series: Agricultural and Natural Resources (ANR) 2, no. 1 (2019): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/anr.v2i1.579.
Full textAbstract:
Hutan rakyat dengan pola tanam agroforestri memiliki pengaruh terhadap aspek ekologi, seperti: udara bersih, erosi terkendali, serapan karbon, pengaturan tata air, penyangga ekosistem, penjaga stabilitas ekologi, dan perlindungan lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, dalam pengelolaan hutan rakyat pola tanam agroforestri masa kini dan masa depan harus dapat memperhatikan kaidah-kaidah lingkungan. Untuk mewujudkan hal tersebut, maka hutan rakyat pola tanam agroforestri harus sehat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan nilai status (saat ini) kesehatan hutan rakyat pola tanam agroforestri di wilayah Kabupaten Lampung Timur. Studi kasus analisis kesehatan hutan dilakukan pada klaster-plot Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) hutan rakyat pola tanam agroforestri di Wilayah Kabupaten Lampung Timur. Jumlah klaster-plot FHM yang dibuat sebanyak empat klaster-plot. Parameter indikator kesehatan hutan rakyat pola tanam agroforestri adalah pertumbuhan pohon, kondisi kerusakan pohon, kondisi tajuk, dan kesuburan tanah. Tahapan dari penelitian ini terdiri dari pembuatan plot ukur hutan rakyat pola tanam agroforestri, pengukuran parameter indikator kesehatan hutan rakyat pola tanam agroforestri, pengolahan dan analisis, dan penilaian kesehatan hutan rakyat pola tanam agroforestri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai status kondisi kesehatan hutan rakyat pola tanam agroforestri di wilayah Kabupaten Lampung Timur rata-rata dalam kategori bagus. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa hutan rakyat dengan pola tanam agroforestri akan menghasilkan tingkat kesehatan hutan rakyat yang sehat. Dengan demikian, pembangunan hutan rakyat di wilayah Kabupaten Lampung Timur Provinsi Lampung diarahkan dengan pola tanam agroforestri.
 
 Community forests with agroforestry planting systems have an influence on ecological aspects, such as: clean air, controlled erosion, carbon uptake, water management arrangements, ecosystems buffer, guarding ecological stability, and environmental protection. Therefore, in the management of community forests the present and future agroforestry planting systems must be able to pay attention to environmental principles. To realize this, the community forest agroforestry planting patterns must be healthy. This study aims to obtain the status of (current) health of community forests agroforestry planting systems in the area of East Lampung Regency. A case study of forest health analysis were carried out in Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) plots of community forests agroforestry planting systems in the East Lampung Regency. The number of FHM plots was made in four clusters. Parameters of indicators of community forest health agroforestry planting systems are tree growth, tree damage conditions, canopy conditions, and soil fertility. The stages of this study consisted of making a community forest measuring plot agroforestry planting systems, measuring indicators of community forest health agroforestry planting systems, processing and analysis, and assessing the health of community forests agroforestry planting systems. The results showed that the value of the status of public forest health conditions of agroforestry planting systems in the area of East Lampung Regency on average in good categories. This shows that community forests with agroforestry planting systems will produce healthy community forest health levels. Thus, community forests development in East Lampung Regency of Lampung Province is directed to agroforestry planting systems.
2
Trianingtyas, Andhira, Nurheni Wijayanto, and Supriyanto Supriyanto. "Analisis Pertumbuhan Mindi (Melia azedarach L.) dan Produktivitas Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Galur G55 dan BIOSS-04 dalam Sistem Agroforestri." Journal of Tropical Silviculture 11, no. 3 (2020): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/j-siltrop.11.3.141-147.
Full textAbstract:
needs was decreasing. So it needs a system that maximizes land one of them is agroforestry. Agroforestry will combine mindi tree (Melia azedarach L.) were 2 years old with a spacing of 2.5 mx 2.5 m, and agricultural crops is sorgum strain of SEAMEO BIOTROP development results that G55 is a BMR (Brown midrib) strain and BIOSS 04 which belonging in sweet sorghum. The research purpose is to analyze the growth of mindi on agroforestry systems and monoculture and analyze the growth and productivity of sorghum on agroforestry systems and monoculture. The results showed growth of mindi as high tree, diameter of stem, canopy and root diameter larger on agroforestry than monocultures. Growth and productivity of sorghum in the two strains showed lower on agroforestry cropping pattern. Sorghum G55 and BIOSS 04 strains can grow under mindi trees but can not produce optimally. 
 Keywords: Agroforestri, Melia azedarach, Sorghum bicolor
3
SCHNEIDER, M., C. ANDRES, G. TRUJILLO, et al. "COCOA AND TOTAL SYSTEM YIELDS OF ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL AGROFORESTRY VS. MONOCULTURE SYSTEMS IN A LONG-TERM FIELD TRIAL IN BOLIVIA." Experimental Agriculture 53, no. 3 (2016): 351–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479716000417.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYCocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is produced in systems of varying complexity ranging from monoculture with temporary shade to highly diverse agroforests. Producers have to weigh high cocoa yields in the short to medium term in monocultures against higher total system yields in the short term and sustainable production systems in the long term in conjunction with ecosystem services in agroforestry systems (AFs). More long-term data on the comparative agronomic, economic and ecological performance of differently managed cocoa production systems is required to make sound recommendations to farmers. This paper describes the only long-term field trial worldwide comparing different cocoa production systems under conventional and organic management. The factors (i) crop diversity (monoculture vs. agroforestry), (ii) management practice (conventional vs. organic) and (iii) cultivar are being tested in a full-factorial, randomized complete block design with four replications. First, results showed significantly faster development of trunk circumferences in monocultures (+21%) compared to AFs. Cocoa yields were 47% lower in the organic compared to the conventional monoculture. In the AFs, however, the organic–conventional yield gap was less pronounced (−16%) and statistically insignificant. The cumulative yields of all products harvested were significantly higher in the AFs (+161%) compared to the monocultures. The productivity of cocoa by-crops in AFs may contribute to local food security and risk distribution in smallholder contexts.
4
Juliarti, Anna, Nurheni Wijayanto, Irdika Mansur, and Tri Koesoemaningtyas. "Citronella (Cymbopogon nardus L.) Oil Yield Analysis Planted with Agroforestry and Monoculture Patterns on Post-Coal Mining Revegetation Land." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 8, no. 2 (2020): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl28181-188.
Full textAbstract:
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus L.) is an economically valuable plant that produces citronella oil and could grow on marginal lands. This study aimed to analyze citronella oil yields planted with agroforestry and monoculture patterns in a post-mining revegetation area. The treatment consisted of 3 factors, namely planting pattern, fertilizer dosage, and plant spacing. The measured variable was the citronella oil yield. The study was conducted by planting two lemongrass varieties i.e., Sitrona 2 Agribun Variety dan G2 Variety in the agroforestry and monoculture areas. The study was conducted for 12 months with three harvest times, i.e., in the 6th, 9th, and 12th months. The results showed that planting patterns significantly affected the citronella oil yield. Planting pattern of Monoculture-Sitrona 2 Agribun Variety (P4) produced the highest oil yield (1,95%). Plant spacing and dosage of bokashi fertilizer did not significantly affect the citronella oil yield. The Monoculture-Sitrona 2 Agribun Variety (P4) significantly increased the oil yield compared to the Agroforestry- Sitrona 2 Agribun Variety (P2), Monoculture-G2 Variety (P3), and Agroforestry-G2 Variety (P1) with a respective oil yield of 1,95% (P4), 1,50% (P2), 1,01% (P3), and 0,99% (P1). Sitrona 2 Agribun Variety tended to produce a higher oil yield than the G2 Variety. Keywords: agroforestry, citronella oil, lemongrass, oil yield, revegetation
5
Zerihun, Mulatu Fekadu. "Agroforestry Practices in Livelihood Improvement in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (2021): 8477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158477.
Full textAbstract:
Agroforestry plays a significant role in increasing agricultural productivity. In South Africa, there is a pressing need for promoting smallholder agriculture to promote sustainable rural livelihoods, to ensure food security, to lower inflation in food prices, and address rampant rural unemployment in the country. The agricultural economy is characterised by a monopoly structure where almost every single staple in South Africa is already produced by large manufacturers that can produce it at better quality and lower cost than the average smallholder enterprise or cooperative. Such a monopoly structure fundamentally undermines the development of local markets, where local small-scale producers sell to their local community. The novelty of this study is addressing the research gap that conventional rural livelihood analyses often neglect, i.e., the role of environmental products in general, and forest and agroforestry products. Using a log linear regression model with cross-sectional data collected from a sample of 300 households, this study explores the likely impact of agroforestry practices in promoting the livelihood of rural communities in the study areas. Results obtained from multiple linear regression analysis showed that average household income increased as a function of utilization of agroforestry practices. Agroforestry contributes to sustainable rural livelihoods in South African provinces where the predominant means of livelihoods is rural subsistence farming and agriculture. Since valuation of agroforestry products and services are technically difficult, farmers often underestimate the contribution of agroforestry to the household’s livelihood income. These findings have policy implications in promoting food security in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa and beyond.
6
Gold, Michael A., Mihaela M. Cernusca, and Larry D. Godsey. "A Competitive Market Analysis of the United States Shiitake Mushroom Marketplace." HortTechnology 18, no. 3 (2008): 489–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.18.3.489.
Full textAbstract:
Shiitake mushrooms (Lentinus edodes) have many nutritional and medicinal benefits. The cultivation of log-grown shiitake mushrooms encourages forest farming and can be an opportunity for farmers interested in developing an additional enterprise. In 2006, the University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry conducted a nationwide survey of shiitake mushroom producers to analyze the U.S. shiitake mushroom industry by taking into consideration the forces that influence competition based on Porter's five forces model. Shiitake mushrooms are grown primarily as a side business, especially those produced exclusively outdoors. Indoor production on sawdust generates higher income than outdoor production on logs, but log production is more suitable for a small-scale operation in an agroforestry setting. Barriers to entry are created by relationships in the market, economies of scale, and the learning curve effect. Although there are a limited number of spawn suppliers in the market, they produce quality inoculum and maintain good relationships with shiitake mushroom producers. The majority of respondents sell their shiitake mushrooms locally. Gourmet restaurants, farmers markets, and on-farm outlets are the main markets for shiitake mushrooms. Trends in demand are increasing and prices are high. Shiitake mushrooms can be replaced with other common or gourmet mushroom types, but also have their own identity for numerous nutritional and medicinal properties. Competition for log-grown shiitake mushrooms arises from shiitake mushrooms produced on sawdust and from imports. To successfully survive in the market, firms create competitive advantages through quality, customer service, and consistent supply. Barriers to success in the shiitake mushroom business include demanding work requirements, the need for a serious commitment to produce and market shiitake mushrooms, a 1-year time lag between investment and a return on investment, and insufficient production and marketing information. Grower associations, universities, and state and federal agencies must join their efforts to fund and support shiitake mushroom research and industry development.
7
Mendez-Paiz, Boris A., and Adrián Serech-Van Haute. "Native Species Valuable timber plantations in Northern Guatemalan Humid Lowlands: ecological features and silvicultural feasibility." Ciencia, Tecnología y Salud 5, no. 2 (2018): 136–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36829/63cts.v5i2.486.
Full textAbstract:
The North Humid Guatemalan Lowlands contains a significant diversity of tree species, incluiding some valuable-timber producers; these species are threatened by commercial overexploitation and habitat loss due to deforestation. The cultivation of these species in forest and agroforest plantations is a potentially viable optiontheir conservation and commercial harvesting, something that has been promoted with Government Incetemala during the past two decades. However, these species have not been widely planted, among othebecause knowledge on their ecological requirements and silviculture is scarce. A characterization of momixed plantations with 14 native valuable-timber species was made in the Humid Lowlands of Northeranalyzing for each species frequency of association and accompanying species, planted area, the main etures and growth rates. To gather information, we combined field observation and measurements with iliterature review. Based on our survey, main management challenges for cultivation of the species were described. Valuable-timber native trees could potentially be sustainably cultivated in the study zone in diffforest plantations and agroforestry schemes of coffee, cacao, cardamom and cattle; considering their suitdiversified systems, growth performance and farmer’s preferences, Swietenia macrophylla, Cedrela odordonnell-smithii, Calophyllum brasiliense and Cordia alliodora were the species with the higher potentiain plantations. However, several unsolved problems continue restricting the cultivation of these species itherefore, is essential a careful design and management.
8
Burgess, Paul J., and Adolfo Rosati. "Advances in European agroforestry: results from the AGFORWARD project." Agroforestry Systems 92, no. 4 (2018): 801–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10457-018-0261-3.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In global terms, European farms produce high yields of safe and high quality food but this depends on the use of many off-farm inputs and the associated greenhouse gas emissions, loss of soil nutrients and other negative environmental impacts incur substantial societal costs. Farmers in the European Union receive support through a Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) that comprises direct payments to farmers (Pillar I) and payments related to rural development measures (Pillar II). This paper examines the ways in which agroforestry can support European agriculture and rural development drawing on the conclusions of 23 papers presented in this Special Issue of Agroforestry Systems which have been produced during a 4-year research project called AGFORWARD. The project had the goal of promoting agroforestry in Europe and focused on four types of agroforestry: (1) existing systems of high nature and cultural value, and agroforestry for (2) high value tree, (3) arable, and (4) livestock systems. The project has advanced our understanding of the extent of agroforestry in Europe and of farmers’ perceptions of agroforestry, including the reasons for adoption or non-adoption. A participatory approach was used with over 40 stakeholder groups across Europe to test selected agroforestry innovations through field trials and experiments. Innovations included improved grazing management in agroforestry systems of high nature and cultural value and the introduction of nitrogen fixing plants in high value timber plantations and olive groves. Other innovations included shelter benefits for arable crops, and disease-control, nutrient-retention, and food diversification benefits from integrating trees in livestock enterprises. Biophysical and economic models have also been developed to predict the effect of different agroforestry designs on crop and tree production, and on carbon sequestration, nutrient loss and ecosystems services in general. These models help us to quantify the potential environmental benefits of agroforestry, relative to agriculture without trees. In view of the substantial area of European agroforestry and its wider societal and environmental benefits, the final policy papers in this Special Issue argue that agroforestry should play a more significant role in future versions of the CAP than it does at present.
9
Thetford, Mack, Shibu Jose, and Edward H. Fletcher. "(36) Evaluating an Agroforestry Approach to Woody Cuts Production in Florida." HortScience 41, no. 4 (2006): 1026A—1026. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1026a.
Full textAbstract:
The demand for special forest products used in the floral industry has a rapidly expanding market. Woody cuts come from perennial shrubs, trees, or woody vines, and are used as floral design materials for the flowering branches, foliage, fruits, or stems. Evaluation of specialty and woody cut production is needed to determine if these plants may be adapted to sustainable agroforestry production systems. An agroforestry approach to woody cuts production for longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) producers in Florida is a natural approach given the relatively open canopy of this timber species and the occurrence of several native species with ornamental characteristics that are currently utilized on a small scale for woody cuts production. The present approach to evaluating the suitability of these systems utilizes the following objectives: 1) Evaluate the production potential of ornamental species in monoculture and agroforestry silviculture systems and determine the biophysical interactions between system components. This objective will assess system design and its role on system productivity; determine time to ornamental yield. 2) Quantify the cost of establishing ornamentals for woody cuts production in both monoculture and agroforestry systems. This objective will identify and track overhead/fixed costs and variable costs associated with the ornamental cuts and timber crops for monoculture and agroforestry production systems over a 3-year period. 3) Investigate potential markets for the distribution and sale of cut foliage, flowers or stems. This objective will lead to consultations with florists and cut foliage wholesalers about potential market volume, price, and specifications for products produced within the longleaf pine agroforestry production system.
10
Reis Portilho, Gabriel, Vinicius Resende de Castro, Angélica de Cássia Oliveira Carneiro, et al. "Potential of Briquette Produced with Torrefied Agroforestry Biomass to Generate Energy." Forests 11, no. 12 (2020): 1272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11121272.
Full textAbstract:
Agroforestry industries, such as sugar-alcohol, food, and logging, produce large quantities of waste, used to generate energy from direct burning. The application of other processes, such as torrefaction and briquetting, can increase the profits from the use of agro-industrial waste for energy generation. Briquetting is an alternative for using these wastes, allowing the compaction of the biomass, generating a biofuel with high energy density, and which is more homogeneous and easier to store and transport. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical and chemical properties of four biomass types (wastes from sawed eucalypt and pine wood, coffee pruning wastes, and sugarcane bagasse) torrefied at 300 °C and compacted (briquetting) at pressures of 6.21, 8.27, and 10.34 MPa. The torrefaction increased the fixed carbon content, ash, and calorific value, and reduced the volatile material content and hygroscopic equilibrium moisture of the biomasses. The volatile material content was lower and the fixed carbon higher in the coffee pruning waste, the ash content higher in the sugarcane bagasse, and the calorific value higher in the pine and eucalypt wood. The briquetting and the torrefaction processes increased the biomass bulk density, and the useful calorific value, respectively, and consequently the energy density of the briquettes produced with torrefied raw material under high pressure. The mechanical properties of the briquettes produced with all materials increased with the compaction pressure. Torrefaction and briquetting increased the energy potential of the biomasses evaluated to produce energy from clean technology.
11
Hasan, MK, MT Islam, NA Roshni, R. Akter, and MB Hossain. "Effect of agroforest tree leaf biomass on yield and yield contributing characters of wheat cv. Akbar." Progressive Agriculture 30, no. 1 (2019): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v30i1.42206.
Full textAbstract:
A field experiment was conducted at the Agroforestry Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during November 2017 to March 2018 to evaluate the effects of agroforest tree leaf biomasses on yield and yield contributing characters of wheat cv. Akbar. Eight different treatments viz. T1= Ipil-ipil (Leucaena leucocephala) tree leaf biomass, T2 = Minjiri (Cassia siamea) tree leaf biomass, T3 = Kalokoroi (Albizia lebbeck) tree leaf biomass, T4 = Sadakoroi (Albizia procera) tree leaf biomass, T5 = Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) tree leaf biomass, T6 = Akashmoni (Acacia auriculiformis) tree leaf biomass, T7 = Mahogoni (Swietenia macrophylla) tree leaf biomass were used along with a recommended fertilizer dose referred as control (T0) in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The results reveal that tree leaf biomasses significantly influenced the yield and yield contributing characters viz. plant height (cm), effective tillers/hill, spike length (cm), number of spikelets/spike, number of filled grains/spike, number of non-filled grains/spike, 1000-grain weight (g), grain yield (t/ha), straw yield (t/ha), biological yield (t/ha) and harvest index of wheat. The highest (2.83 t/ha) grain yield was recorded in the recommended fertilizer dose. Among the tree leaf biomasses, ipil-ipil tree leaf biomass produced the highest (2.47 t/ha) grain yield which was 12.71% decrease over control followed by 2.36, 2.21, 2.02, 1.89, 1.84 and 1.77 t/ha obtained in minjiri, sadakoroi, kalokoroi, eucalyptus, akashmoni and mahogany tree leaf biomass, respectively. However, it seems that the ipil-ipil tree leaf biomass would be possible to substitute of or apply in combination with inorganic fertilizer although there was some yield loss (12.71%) which was less significant compared to recommended fertilizer treatment. Therefore, it can be elucidated that for wheat production tree leaf biomass could use as a source of organic matter which is available in the agroforestry system, significantly reduces the considerable amount of chemical fertilizer.
 Progressive Agriculture 30 (1): 32-38, 2019
12
Irundu, Daud, and Fatmawati D. "Potensi Hutan Rakyat Sebagai Penghasil Pangan di Desa Paku Kabupaten Polman, Sulawesi Barat." Jurnal Hutan dan Masyarakat 11, no. 1 (2019): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24259/jhm.v11i1.5669.
Full textAbstract:
Food security is one of the efforts to create people's prosperity, related to this, the role of various sectors is needed to contribute in national food security programs. Every region has a community forest that produces food to meet the needs of its people. So far, information regarding forest food in West Sulawesi is still very minimal. This study provides information about the potential of community forests as food producers in Paku Village, Binuang District, Polman Regency. The time of the study was carried out from March to December 2018. This study used survey and interview methods for 12 respondents in locations that randomly plotted 20 x 20 meters. Data analysis using descriptive quantitative. The results of this study indicate that the potential of community forests in Paku Village in supporting good food needs, from community forests is able to produce 46.01% of food commodities consisting of 12 types of food based on the form of agroforestry. Some dominant types of food are sugar palm (Arenga pinnata), Cocoa (Theobroma cacao), Mango (Mangifera indica).
13
Oliveira, Gilmara Maureline Teles da Silva de, Antônio Cordeiro de Santana, Eder Silva de Oliveira, et al. "The Value of Agroforestry Ecosystem Services Provided in Rural Communities in the Eastern Amazon (Tomé-Açu – PA, Brazil)." Journal of Agricultural Studies 8, no. 4 (2020): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v8i4.17338.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this research is to estimate the socioeconomic and environmental value of ecosystem services produced by Agroforestry Systems of Tomé-Açu in society's perception. These systems, in addition to fruits, seeds, and nuts, provide other services that are perceived by society in the form of welfare, and are not yet sold on the market. For the analysis, the Integrated Method of Contingent Valuation was employed, which contemplates the economic, social and environmental dimensions. This approach relied in the equations modelling the Willingness to Pay for the conservation of Agroforestry Systems, and Willingness to Accept a compensation for not using these systems over other commercial production systems such as oil palm and soybean. The average value of ecosystem services in the Agroforestry Systems of Tomé-Açu in the population's perception was estimated at R$ 5.011,19 ha-1 for the Willingness to Pay and R$ 7.367,24 ha-1 for the Willingness to Accept. This indicates the importance given by the community to the benefits generated by the ecosystem services, in a magnitude higher than the market value of the Amazon rainforest and of the production systems. Therefore, the value of these services should also integrate the payment to compensate the producers that maintain these systems in the Amazon.
14
Burnett, Christopher D., and David Gilluly. "Pollarding for Multiple Benefits." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 5, no. 2 (1988): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/5.2.148.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Pollarding is a traditional method of producing fuelwood in agroforestry systems where livestock browsing restricts tree regeneration by seedlings or coppice sprouts. As in coppicing, pollarding produces successive crops of wood from the vegetative sprouts of repeatedly harvested trees, but in pollarding the dominant sprouts are formed near the top of permanent trunks above the reach of livestock. The unique structure of pollards also makes them suitable for use as short-rotation fuelwood trees where fire restricts tree regeneration at ground level. In addition to fuelwood, pollards produce other tree products, as well as soil, wildlife, and esthetic benefits. With this combination of benefits, pollarding has potential for ameliorating certain environmental problems in the midwestern United States and for meeting the multiple objectives of many woodland owners. To assess this potential, we measured biomass yields and sprouting characteristics of honey locust and pin oak pollards harvested on 15- and 11-year rotations, respectively. Both species produced moderate yields of biomass and responded vigorously to pollarding. Potential benefits and problems of the method are discussed and applications of pollarding in farm and nonfarm settings are proposed. North. J. Appl. For. 5:148-152, June 1988.
15
Álvarez-Carrillo, Faver, Jairo Rojas-Molina, Jairo Rojas-Molina, Juan Carlos Suarez-Salazar, and Juan Carlos Suarez-Salazar. "Simulación de arreglos agroforestales de cacao como una estrategia de diagnóstico y planificación para productores." Corpoica Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria 13, no. 2 (2013): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol13_num2_art:249.
Full textAbstract:
<p>En el trópico los sistemas agroforestales SAFs con cacao y café son los más comunes y cubren alrededor de 17,7 millones de hectáreas y aproximadamente el 70% de la producción de cacao proviene de pequeños agricultores. Como estrategia para la realización del diagnóstico en arreglos agroforestales con cacao se realizaron simulaciones con SExI-FS® para identificar las interacciones y proponer alternativas en el manejo de la estructura de los arreglos agroforestales, dando elementos claves a quienes toman decisiones para optimizar los sistemas de producción. Se evaluó la composición química del suelo y un diagnóstico de cada arreglo para obtener información para la simulación en SExI-FS®. Se encontraron variaciones en las cantidades de Ca, B y Cu debido a las prácticas de manejo de enmiendas. Los porcentajes de cobertura arbórea encontrados en cada arreglo agroforestal fueron bajos, siendo 10,8% para la finca El Salado y 6,3% para la finca El Palmar. En nuestro caso en el que la disponibilidad de nutrientes es un factor limitante, se hace necesario aumentar el nivel de sombra, ya que existe una correlación positiva entre la producción de cacao y luz, el nivel de cobertura se debe aumentar a un 30% que es el nivel ideal de sombra para cacao. La simulación con SExI-FS® nos sirve para implementar planes de manejo dentro de la plantación, como el mejoramiento del nivel de sombra, el manejo de las podas y el tipo de especies a utilizar. </p><p> </p><p><strong>Simulation arrangements cocoa agroforestry as a diagnosis and planning strategy for producers </strong></p><p>In tropical Latin America, agroforestry systems (AFSs) with cacao and coffee are the most common and cover about 17.7 million hectares; and about 70% of cacao production comes from small farmers. As a strategy for performing diagnosis in cacao agroforestry arrangements, simulations were made with SExI-FS® to identify interactions and propose alternative management for agroforestry arrangement structures, given the key elements for making decisions to optimize production systems. We evaluated the chemical composition of the soil and diagnosed each arrangement to obtain information for the SExI-FS® simulation. Variations in the amounts of Ca, B and Cu due to amended management practices were found. The percentages of tree cover found in each agroforestry arrangement were low, with 10.8% for the El Salado and 6.3% for the El Palmar. In our case, where nutrient availability is a limiting factor, it is necessary to increase the shade level since there is a positive correlation between the production of cacao and light; the coverage level should be increased to 30% for the ideal level of shade for cacao. The SExI-FS® simulation serves to implement management plans within plantations, such as improving the shade level, pruning management and type of species used. </p>
16
Yuliasmara, Fitria. "El Nino Effect on Coffee Growth and Productivity on Several Agroforestry Systems in Gumitir Mountain Coffee Farms, East Java, Indonesia." Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) 33, no. 3 (2017): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v33i3.291.
Full textAbstract:
Climate change and global warming have become major issues in the last 10 years and affect many sectors including coffee plantations. Global warming causes El Nino to occur more frequently and potentialy reduced agricultural production between 5–20%. In coffee plantations, an effort to minimize the impact of climate change is the use of agroforestry cropping pattern. One of the Robusta coffee producing areas grown using agroforestry system in East Java is at Gumitir mountain area. Coffee plants used as samples were 10–12 years old of Tugusari 6 coffee plantations managed by Sidomulyo farmer group. The environmental design used completely randomized block design with three replicates for each treatment which consisted of +0.5 ha. The results of this study indicated that coffee grown under forest produced the lowest irradiation and keep daytime tem-peratures 26.33oC with humidity 85% during this El Nino period. On plant growth parameters showed that the lower intensity of irradiation produced coffee plants with morphological characters of longer segments, larger leaves and higher chlo-rophyll content. Plant growth showed no significant difference except in coffee agroforestry system with pine which produced the smallest stem diameter and fewer productive branches. It was suspected due to the presence of allelopati compounds released by the litter of pine leaves. Coffee grown under natural forest produced highest nodes per branch, cherries per node, and number of cherries per tree than other systems. Productivity of robusta coffee in Gumitir mountain area during El Nino showed that the highest productivity in forest 1497 kg ha –1 and 1355 kg ha –1 on coffee grown under Leucaena, due to its ability to maintain moisture. Agroforestry system in coffee is able to maintain environmental conditions in this case in terms of irradiation, temperature and moisture during El Nino which caused stability of plant growth and coffee productivity during El Nino.
17
Luth, Fahriza, and Hadi Setiyono. "Kemampuan Agroforestri Berbasis Kopi (Coffea arabica) dalam Menyimpan Cadangan Karbon." Paspalum: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian 7, no. 1 (2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.35138/paspalum.v7i1.109.
Full textAbstract:
Each type of forest ecosystem and the species in it have different abilities to absorb CO2 and produce biomass. Coffee-based agroforestry is thought to be able to increase the ability of forests to store carbon as a result of increasing species composition and density of plants in these forest areas. This study aims to determine the composition of plants and carbon stocks stored in coffee-based agroforestry forests in LMDH Paniis RPH Rancakalong BKPH East Manglayang KPH Sumedang Perum Perhutani Regional Division West Java and Banten. This study uses survey and laboratory methods. Data collection is done by collecting data directly at the research location, which is in the agroforestry forest area and natural forest area (as a comparison). Data obtained through observations in the field and laboratory are in the form of tree names, wood density, tree biomass and carbon stocks from biomass. The result shows that the agroforestry forest composition at LMDH Paniis RPH Rancakalong BKPH East Manglayang KPH Sumedang within 17,14 ha consists of Pine (Pinus mercusii), Big-leaf Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) dan Coffee (Coffea arabica). The carbon stock is 1.869,73 kg/ha in agroforestry forest, 2.618,32 kg/ha in primary natural forest, and 1.460,91 kg/ha in secondary natural forest. Agroforestry forest has more carbon stock than the secondary natural forest, but agroforestry forest has less carbon stock than primary natural forest.
18
Puspasari, Eny, Christine Wulandari, Arief Darmawan, and Irwan Sukri Banuwa. "Aspek Sosial Ekonomi pada Sistem Agroforestri di Areal Kerja Hutan Kemasyarakatan (HKm) Kabupaten Lampung Barat, Provinsi Lampung." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 5, no. 3 (2017): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl3595-103.
Full textAbstract:
Community Forest (HKm) is one of the schemes of Social Forestry, in which the management of its working area implements the agroforestry system. This study aims to determine the structure of income and farmer welfare, agroforestry contribution to farmer income and the factors that influence the income of farmers who do agroforestry in HKm working area. The study was conducted at the Group of HKm Bina Wana, Rigis Jaya II and Mitra Wana Lestari Sejahtera, West Lampung District. The results show that agroforestry activities contribute to farmer income of 66% and the rest from other sectors. Based on income from agroforestry activities it is known that 93% of farmers are in the prosperous category. Factors that significantly affect farmers' income are the area of cultivated land, the number of plant species that have been produced and the training followed by the farmers. In accordance with the provisions of the farmers' land area within the HKm area is no longer possible to be expanded, therefore farmers should enrich with more types of multi-use plants and follow training to increase knowledge so that land management is more optimal to increase revenue. Keywords : agroforestry, income, the contribution of income, income factors, welfare level
19
Wilson, A. A. "Browse Agroforestry Using Honeylocust." Forestry Chronicle 67, no. 3 (1991): 232–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc67232-3.
Full textAbstract:
The efficiency of establishing honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos L.) trees in operating pastures is being tested at the Spring-tree Agroforestry Project. Existing electric fences are used as fence rows and to provide protection for honeylocust which produce high nutrient pods for animal consumption. High production cultivars have been grafted to seedling nursery stock and planted out. Annual pod production can be self-harvested by sheep and cattle as a supplementary feed source. When properly spaced, honeylocust do not significantly reduce understory grass production. The literature on honeylocust as an agroforestry species is reviewed, and is used to develop financial rates of return for the program. Potential internal rates of return for pasture honeylocust plantings, calculated using a variety of production and cost assumptions, show net gains ranging from 9% to 24%. The formation of the Honeylocust Research Group is described and future research needs discussed.
20
Swamila, Martha, Damas Philip, Adam Meshack Akyoo, Stefan Sieber, Mateete Bekunda, and Anthony Anderson Kimaro. "Gliricidia Agroforestry Technology Adoption Potential in Selected Dryland Areas of Dodoma Region, Tanzania." Agriculture 10, no. 7 (2020): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10070306.
Full textAbstract:
Declining soil fertility is one of the major problems facing producers of field crops in most dryland areas of Sub-Saharan Africa. In response to the declining soil fertility, extensive participatory research has been undertaken by the World Agroforestry (ICRAF) and smallholder farmers in Dodoma region, Tanzania. The research has, amongst others, led to the development of Gliricidia agroforestry technology. The positive impact of Gliricidia intercropping on crop yields has been established. However, information on farmers’ willingness and ability to adopt the Gliricidia agroforestry technology on their farms is limited. This study predicts the adoption of Gliricidia agroforestry and conventional mineral fertilizer use technology. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted with groups of farmers, purposively selected based on five sets of criteria: (i) at least 2 years of experience in either trying or using Gliricidia agroforestry technology, (ii) at least 1 year of experience in either trying or using the mineral fertilizer technology (iii) at least 10 years of living in the study villages, (iv) the age of 18 years and above, and (v) sex. The Adoption and Diffusion Outcome Prediction Tool (ADOPT) was used to predict the peak adoption levels and the respective time in years. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the effect of change in adoption variables on predicted peak adoption levels and time to peak adoption. The results revealed variations in peak adoption levels with Gliricidia agroforestry technology exhibiting the highest peak of 67.6% in 12 years, and that the most influential variable to the peak adoption is the upfront cost of investing in Gliricidia agroforestry and fertilizer technologies. However, in Gliricidia agroforestry technology most production costs are incurred in the first year of project establishment but impact the long term biophysical and economic benefits. Moreover, farmers practicing agroforestry technology accrue environmental benefits, such as soil erosion control. Based on the results, it is plausible to argue that Gliricidia agroforestry technology has a high adoption potential and its adoption is influenced by investment costs. We recommend two actions to attract smallholder farmers investing in agroforestry technologies. First, enhancing farmers’ access to inputs at affordable prices. Second, raising farmers’ awareness of the long-term environmental benefits of Gliricidia agroforestry technology.
21
del Río, José C. "Editorial- Valorization of Agroforest Crops for Biomass Utilization." Open Agriculture Journal 4, no. 1 (2010): 85–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874331501004010085.
Full textAbstract:
There is a growing need to consider alternative agricultural strategies that move an agricultural industry focused on food production to one that also supplies the needs of other industrial sectors, such as paper, textiles, biofuels or added-value chemicals, in the context of the so-called lignocellulose biorefinery. Biorefineries use renewable raw materials to produce energy together with a wide range of everyday commodities in an economic manner. Decreasing our dependency on fossil fuel reserves and boosting rural development are important goals of modern society. Biorefineries are therefore seen as a very promising route to meeting our aims for sustained prosperity and preserving the environment. Renewable sources of energy and products are required for sustainable development of our society in the near future. Plant biomass is the main source of renewable materials in Earth and represents a potential source of renewable energy and biobased products. Biomass is available in high amounts at very low cost (as forest, agricultural or industrial lignocellulosic wastes and cultures) and could be a widely available and inexpensive source for biofuels and bioproducts in the near future. This special issue of The Open Agriculture Journal is devoted to the “Valorization of agroforest crops for biomass utilization” and provides a comprehensive description of the current state-of-the-art in the whole fields of lignocellulose biorefineries, including studies on different feedstocks (plant biomass, agro-industrial residues, energy crops or new industrial crops), technologies for biomass deconstruction and fractionation (i.e. alkaline pulping, organosolv fractionation), and products (i.e. biofuels, composite building materials, lignin, paper pulp and other industrial products). Different papers by internationally recognized experts have been collected for this special issue and report various aspects of biomass utilization and valorization. Among them, the paper by Díaz et al. evaluates different fast-growing species (paulownia, tagasaste, giant reed, leucaena and sesbania) according to their biomass productivity, chemical composition and the chemical characteristics of the liquids obtained after an autohydrolysis treatment. The study confirms the feasibility of the nonisothermal autohydrolysis treatment process for the selected species to yield sugar oligomers and hemicellulosic sugar. The paper by Marques et al., on the other hand, reported the detailed chemical composition of several non-woody plant fibers (bast fibers from flax, hemp, kenaf, jute; leaf fibers from sisal, abaca and curaua; and giant reed), which are used as raw materials for pulp and papermaking, with especial emphasis in the chemistry of lipids and lignin and their fate during alkaline pulping. This study offers valuable information that will lead to a better industrial utilization of these non-woody plant species of high socioeconomic interest. Likewise, the paper by Villaverde et al. provided a review of the chemistry of another interesting crop, Miscanthus x giganteus, as a source of biobased products (i.e. paper pulp) through organosolv fractionation. Organosolv processes have demonstrated their effectiveness as fractionation treatments, therefore special emphasis was placed by the authors on these systems and, in particular, in those using carboxylic acids, such as the Acetosolv, Formosolv and Milox processes. Similarly, the paper by Gullón et al. provided an excellent review of selected process alternatives for biomass refining. Special attention was devoted to biorefinery schemes dealing with the fractionation of lignocellulosic raw materials by chemical treatments. The potential of hydrothermal treatments as the first stage of future biorefineries is discussed. Special attention was also paid to the low-volume, high-added value products that can be solubilized by this type of technology. In the same way, the paper by da Silva and Curvelo reported the acetone-water delignification of Eucalyptus urograndis, a process that also fits perfectly with the biomass biorefinery approach, and obtained high selectivity at the beginning of the pulping process. On the other hand, agricultural residues, which are usually disposed, have major components (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) that can also be exploited for production of bioenergy or bioproducts. In this sense, the paper by Jiménez and Rodríguez studied the valorization of agricultural residues by fractionation of their components. The authors review the different possibilities of biomass fractionation by hydrothermal treatments as well as by organosolv delignification. Alternative and novel uses of biomass products are also reported in this special issue. Although an excellent bio-fuel, however, new uses of lignin in more high-value-added products might be more attractive and profitable. Thus, the paper by Gellerstedt et al. focused on the production of carbon fibers from lignin into the wood-based biorefinery concept. Lignin-based carbon fiber is the most value-added product from a wood-based biorefinery. The replacement of construction steel in cars and trucks with a much lighter carbon fiber-based composite will ultimately result in more fuel-efficient vehicles. Various attempts to make carbon fiber from lignins are discussed in this interesting paper. Finally, the paper by Tiilikkala et al. also reports a novel use of another biomass product, wood pyrolysis liquids (so-called wood vinegar), as biocide and plant protection product. Wood vinegar and other slow pyrolysis liquids are produced as a by-product of charcoal production. The aim of this review was to clarify the potential of slow pyrolysis liquids in agricultural use, in particular, in pesticide applications. The main challenges in developing novel bio control technologies are discussed in this paper and the barriers in the commercialization of biological control agents are revealed. In conclusion, all the studies reported in the papers presented in this special issue are intended to get a wider and more rational use of agro-forest resources as is the cultivated plant biomass used as raw material for the manufacturing of bio-fuels and bio-products in the context of the biorefinery approach. As the Guest Editor of this special issue, I wish to thank all the contributing authors and reviewers for their efforts to put forth this collection of papers, that I am sure will be of high interest for the readers of The Open Agriculture Journal.
22
Oelbermann, Maren. "Editorial- The Role of Complex Agroecosystems in Climate Change Mitigation." Open Agriculture Journal 4, no. 1 (2010): 47–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874331501004010047.
Full textAbstract:
The burning of fossil fuels in developed nations and the conversion of natural grasslands and forests to intensely managed agricultural production systems are the single most important anthropogenic sources of greenhouse gases (GHGs) contributing to global warming. Such activities do not only contribute to the accumulation of GHGs in the atmosphere, but also lead to the depletion of the global soil organic matter (SOM) pool, further impacting soil fertility and crop productivity. Climate change will likely affect the distribution and productivity of life-sustaining agricultural crops and livestock in different regions of the world, including temperate and tropical biomes. As a result, the United Nations Development Program suggested that millions of people may be facing shortages of food and continued degradation of their agricultural resources. Therefore, one of the challenges is to maintain agricultural productivity to meet current and projected trends in food production, while at the same time minimizing GHG emissions, increasing C (C) sequestration and maintaining soil fertility. This, coupled with large-scale land, soil, and water degradation, will challenge the long-term and sustainable production of agricultural resources that promote food security. Traditional coping mechanisms, such as conventional agroecosystem management practices may not be an economically feasible adaptation strategy, especially for those already experiencing socioeconomic adversity. Therefore, improvement and refinement of ecologically-based land management practices are essential. Soft-path agricultural technologies such as the complex agroecosystems, including agroforestry systems, may make a substantial contribution in the mitigation of GHGs, the sequestration of C, and other ecological services while maintaining a long-term sustainable production of agricultural products. Due to their multipart structure, complex agroecosystems are likely more resilient to climate change and provide a sustainable alternative to conventional land management practices. This special issue of the Agriculture Journal, on the role of complex agroecosystems in climate change mitigation, encapsulates research from temperate and tropical biomes, with a special focus on agroforestry systems. In tropical regions, Chesney et al. investigated the performance of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) on alley cropping agroforestry systems with Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp. and Leucaena leucacephala (Lam.) de Wit and a no-tree control on an infertile acidic soil in Guyana. Their goal was to evaluate the ability of fast-growing nitrogen (N2)-fixing trees (G. sepium, L. leucocephala) on cowpea yield. Such practice would maximize the cowpea crop yield but minimize the need for an external source of N fertilizers. They suggested that such practices provide a sustainable source of food, and conserve soil resources but it will also reduce the potential production of the GHGs over the long-term. They noted that these agroforestry practices would curb N2O emissions, which has a global warming potential 296 times greater than that of CO2. Smith and Oelbermann used a qualitative approach to evaluate the perception and knowledge of climate change by landowners in a remote Costa Rican agricultural community. They also evaluated the type of sustainable agricultural practices already implemented that could also serve as a strategy to climate change adaptation. Their study showed that community members were aware of climate change and already observed changes in local weather patterns over the past decade that affected the distribution of vegetation and wildlife. As a result, agricultural producers were continually striving to implement agroforestry practices which were viewed as more robust and resilient to climate change by helping to maintain agricultural productivity while also providing economic and socioecological needs. In temperate regions, Evers et al. provided an overview of the potential of tree-based intercropping (agroforestry alley cropping) systems in climate mitigation through the reduction of GHG emissions. They outlined the most recent research results from southern Ontario and Quebec and found that agroforestry systems could lower N2O emissions by 1.2 kg ha-1 y-1 compared to a conventional (monoculture) agroecosystem. They also suggested that the potential of agroforestry systems to sequester C in the soil and tree component was greater than in conventional agroecosystems, especially if fast-growing tree species for bioenergy production were used. Such practices may also provide an opportunity to receive payment for the ecological services provided by the agroforest, making these production systems a better option than conventional systems for agricultural producers in temperate regions. Isaac et al. investigated the internal accumulation and retention of nutrients in nutrient-spiked pine seedlings commonly used in temperate agroforestry systems and hypothesized that nutrient-spiking would lower seedling transplanting stress and reduce pressure on native soil resources and proposed that nutrient spiking would also lead to an increase in nutrient availability for the growing crop and also minimize competition between trees and crops. They found a favorable response in tree and crop root biomass accumulation in nutrient-spiked treatments and found that N, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) significantly increased in the pine tissue and resulted in a steady or increased uptake of these nutrients by the crop (maize). Isaac et al. suggested that such specialized practices may be required when establishing agroforestry systems for the benefit of nutrient regulation and enhanced capacity to sequester C for the long-term mitigation of climate change. The Argentine Pampa is one of the most fertile regions in the world and natural grasslands and forests continue to be converted to intense agricultural production systems. Such practices have led to large losses in soil organic carbon (SOC) and contributed to the accumulation of GHGs in the atmosphere. The paper by Posse et al. outlines the absence of precise quantitative data on the emission and sequestration of GHG, which impedes a better understanding of the mechanisms driving CO2 emissions from agroecosystems. Although the paper by Posse et al. does not investigate CO2 fluxes from complex agroecosystems, but instead it provides vital information on the emission of this GHG in one of the most rapidly expanding agricultural frontiers in the world, which is also experiencing the effects of global warming on crop productivity. Posse et al. aim to characterize the exchange of CO2, using eddy covariance techniques, in a monoculture soybean system during an extreme dry summer which resulted in a high crop loss. They found that the greatest emission of CO2 occurred during premature crop senescence (due to drought) but the field became a CO2 sink once the soil as covered by weeds. As such, changes in crop phenology and botanical composition (weeds) coincided with changes in the flux of CO2. The papers presented in this special issue of the Agriculture Journal provided an important insight into the potential of decreasing GHGs and maximizing C sequestration. These papers have also provided an important stepping stone by outlining the future direction of research to further understand the importance and role of complex agroecosystems in mitigating climate change. This research field is in its infancy but results are favorable by indicating that complex agroecosystems not only enhance the cycling of nutrients and the productivity of agricultural crops and show greater resilience to climate change, but they can also play an important role in the mitigation of climate change.
23
Hairmansis, Aris, Yullianida Yullianida, Rini Hermanasari, and Angelita Puji Lestari. "Development of Shading Tolerant Rice Varieties Suitable for Intercropping Cultivation in Agroforestry Systems." E3S Web of Conferences 305 (2021): 07001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130507001.
Full textAbstract:
The Indonesian government continuously strives to increase rice production in an effort to meet the staple food needs of almost 270 million people and to turn Indonesia to become a rice exporter country. One of the strategic efforts is to expand the planted area of rice outside irrigated rice areas. Upland is one of the potential areas that continues to be developed to support the increase of national rice production. While upland is not an ideal ecosystem for rice plants to grow, the opportunity to produce rice in this ecosystem is promising, especially using rice as an intercropping in plantation. This effort requires the availability of adaptive varieties to low light intensity conditions. The breeding program to develop shade-tolerant rice varieties has been carried out by the Indonesian Center for Rice Research (ICRR) through the conventional breeding program. Breeding populations were produced by crossing local varieties, national leading varieties and introduced varieties. The selection of shading adaptive lines was carried out using both artificial shading and natural shading in the target plantation areas. New shade tolerant rice varieties have been recently released, namely Rindang 1 Agritan and Rindang 2 Agritan which have the potential to be utilized by farmers for intercropping rice cultivation in the agroforestry systems.
24
Jacobi, Johanna, Monika Schneider, Patrick Bottazzi, Maria Pillco, Patricia Calizaya, and Stephan Rist. "Agroecosystem resilience and farmers’ perceptions of climate change impacts on cocoa farms in Alto Beni, Bolivia." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 30, no. 2 (2013): 170–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174217051300029x.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractCocoa-based small-scale agriculture is the most important source of income for most farming families in the region of Alto Beni in the sub-humid foothills of the Andes. Cocoa is grown in cultivation systems of varying ecological complexity. The plantations are highly susceptible to climate change impacts. Local cocoa producers mention heat waves, droughts, floods and plant diseases as the main impacts affecting plants and working conditions, and they associate these impacts with global climate change. From a sustainable regional development point of view, cocoa farms need to become more resilient in order to cope with the climate change related effects that are putting cocoa-based livelihoods at risk. This study assesses agroecosystem resilience under three different cocoa cultivation systems (successional agroforestry, simple agroforestry and common practice monocultures). In a first step, farmers’ perceptions of climate change impacts were assessed and eight indicators of agroecological resilience were derived in a transdisciplinary process (focus groups and workshop) based on farmers’ and scientists’ knowledge. These indicators (soil organic matter, depth of Ah horizon, soil bulk density, tree species diversity, crop varieties diversity, ant species diversity, cocoa yields and infestation of cocoa trees with Moniliophthora perniciosa) were then surveyed on 15 cocoa farms and compared for the three different cultivation systems. Parts of the socio-economic aspects of resilience were covered by evaluating the role of cocoa cooperatives and organic certification in transitioning to more resilient cocoa farms (interviews with 15 cocoa farmers combined with five expert interviews). Agroecosystem resilience was higher under the two agroforestry systems than under common practice monoculture, especially under successional agroforestry. Both agroforestry systems achieved higher cocoa yields than common practice monoculture due to agroforestry farmers’ enhanced knowledge regarding cocoa cultivation. Knowledge sharing was promoted by local organizations facilitating organic certification. These organizations were thus found to enhance the social process of farmers’ integration into cooperatives and their reorientation toward organic principles and diversified agroforestry.
25
Iddris, Najeeb Al-Amin, Marife D. Corre, Martin Yemefack, Oliver van Straaten, and Edzo Veldkamp. "Stem and soil nitrous oxide fluxes from rainforest and cacao agroforest on highly weathered soils in the Congo Basin." Biogeosciences 17, no. 21 (2020): 5377–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5377-2020.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Although tree stems act as conduits for greenhouse gases (GHGs) produced in the soil, the magnitudes of tree contributions to total (soil + stem) nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from tropical rainforests on heavily weathered soils remain unknown. Moreover, soil GHG fluxes are largely understudied in African rainforests, and the effects of land-use change on these gases are identified as an important research gap in the global GHG budget. In this study, we quantified the changes in stem and soil N2O fluxes with forest conversion to cacao agroforestry. Stem and soil N2O fluxes were measured monthly for a year (2017–2018) in four replicate plots per land use at three sites across central and southern Cameroon. Tree stems consistently emitted N2O throughout the measurement period and were positively correlated with soil N2O fluxes. 15N-isotope tracing from soil mineral N to stem-emitted 15N2O and correlations between temporal patterns of stem N2O emissions, soil–air N2O concentration, soil N2O emissions and vapour pressure deficit suggest that N2O emitted by the stems originated predominantly from N2O produced in the soil. Forest conversion to extensively managed, mature (>20 years old) cacao agroforestry had no effect on stem and soil N2O fluxes. The annual total N2O emissions were 1.55 ± 0.20 kg N ha−1 yr−1 from the forest and 1.15 ± 0.10 kg N ha−1 yr−1 from cacao agroforestry, with tree N2O emissions contributing 11 % to 38 % for forests and 8 % to 15 % for cacao agroforestry. These substantial contributions of tree stems to total N2O emissions highlight the importance of including tree-mediated fluxes in ecosystem GHG budgets. Taking into account that our study sites' biophysical characteristics represented two-thirds of the humid rainforests in the Congo Basin, we estimated a total N2O source strength for this region of 0.18 ± 0.05 Tg N2O-N yr−1.
26
DWI LESTARI, NINA, DIDIK SUPRAYOGO, and ARIEF RACHMANSYAH. "Local biodiversity conservation in Sigi, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia: Analysis of the effect of elevation, land accessibility, and farmers’ income and perception on vegetation diversity in agroforestry systems." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 20, no. 1 (2018): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d200132.
Full textAbstract:
Lestari ND, Suprayogo D, Rachmansyah A. 2018. Local biodiversity conservation in Sigi, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia: Analysis of the effect of elevation, land accessibility, and farmers’ income and perception on vegetation diversity in agroforestry systems. Biodiversitas 19: 283-291. The objectives of the research were to evaluate the level of landscape vegetation diversity in agroforestry systems and to determine the effect of elevation, accessibility, and farmer's income and perception on vegetation diversity in agroforestry systems. The research was conducted in Sigi District, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. The method used was the Multidisciplinary Landscape Assessment approach. The research sites were located in 3 districts and 6 representative villages i.e. Padende and Sibedi in the lower landscape (23-75 m asl.), Balane and Doda in the middle landscape (148-504 m asl.), Dombu and Ongulero in the upper landscape (1163-1404 m asl.), with 5 replications in each village. The total area of the six villages was 3772.13 ha that consisted of 1217.13 ha of agroforestry systems (32.3%). The research covered a population of 392 households who had landed with agroforestry systems. A total of 30 agroforestry farmers and their land (minimum 0.25 ha, homogeneous land system) were selected as samples. Research activities like observation, survey, and analysis were divided into two aspects, namely biophysical and socioeconomic aspects. The results revealed that at landscape level agroforestry systems had relatively high plant species diversity (H'= 3.1) and needed to be optimized to enhance its role as buffering zone for biodiversity conservation and for supporting sustainable livelihood. Efforts to improve vegetation diversity must be adjusted to habitat conditions (elevation and soil health), where vegetation can grow and produce well. The regional development such as accessibility improvement is still needed and it will not threaten the vegetation diversity as long as there is a harmony between human activities and the environment. An increase in the level of income with a positive perception of farmers on the benefits of vegetation diversity in the future will have a main role in vegetation diversity conservation as fundamental asset in sustainable development.
27
Amin, Md Hafiz All, Babul Kumar Das, Most Mottakina Akter, et al. "Economic feasibility of potato production influenced by intra-row plant spacing under mango-based agroforestry system." JANUARY 2021, no. 15(01):2021 (January 2, 2021): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.01.2602.
Full textAbstract:
For ensuring the food security and maximum use of land, the potato production under a mango-based agroforestry system is an effective production approach. The purpose of this study was to assess the yield potential and the economic benefits of potato production under a mango-based agroforestry system. The potato tubers were planted in a 10-year-old mango orchard and open field condition. The experiment was laid out following a split plot design with three (3) replications. Potato production system under mango orchard and open field were arranged in main plots T0 = potato sole cropping (control) and T1 = potato under mango-based agroforestry system. On the other hand, potato intra-row plant spacing were in sub-plots S0 = 60 × 20 cm2, S1 = 60 × 25 cm2 and S2 = 60 × 30 cm2. The data of yield characters of potatoes were investigated. The cost of production, gross & net return and benefit-cost ratio was calculated for economic analysis. The results show that the closest (60 x 20 cm2) intra-row plant spacing produced the highest yield while the economic returns from potatoes grown under the mango-based agroforestry system were higher than those derived from cropped grown as a sole crop or potatoes cultivation alone (gross returns US$3508/ha, net returns US$1642/ha). Further, the benefit-cost ratio from the combined cultivation of potatoes and mangos was 2.14, which was 20 % higher than growing potatoes as a sole crop. Thus, the cultivation of potatoes under a mango-based agroforestry system offers a significant financial benefit to farmers while ensuring the sustainable use of vacant space in mango orchards
28
Pinto, Luís Fernando Guedes, Marcos Silveira Bernardes, and Gerd Sparovek. "Feasibility of cultivation of sugarcane in agroforestry systems." Scientia Agricola 60, no. 3 (2003): 489–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162003000300012.
Full textAbstract:
Brazil is the world's main sugarcane producer and the production system has changed abiding to legal and technical recommendation. In Piracicaba many smallholders grow sugarcane in steep areas. Under such situation, mechanization at harvest makes cultivation impossible. This work assess the viability of agroforestry systems on joining crop production and conservation of natural resources. Soils at 12-20% slope class were identified, tree species which could be cultivated along with sugarcane were selected, and the design of the systems to be adopted was evaluated. Identified area occupies 11,556 ha and the most representative soil types are Typic Kandiuldult and Lithic Hapludoll. The exotic species coconut, eucalyptus, pejibaye and rubber, and eight native species have potential to be grown in contourhedgerows with sugarcane. Initial planting of exotic, domesticated trees is recommended, and gradual introduction of native, non-domesticated species, can be set according to their ecological requirements.
29
Bari, M. S., and M. A. Rahim. "Economic Evaluation and Yield Performance of Some Medicinal Plants in Coconut Based Multistoried Agroforestry Systems." Agriculturists 10, no. 1 (2012): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v10i1.11067.
Full textAbstract:
An experiment was conducted at the existing multistoried coconut orchard of the Horticulture Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to investigate the performance of three medicinal plants viz. aloe vera (Aloe indica), asparagus (Asparagus racemosus) and misridana (Kaempferia angustifolia) in coconut based multistoried agroforestry system (MAF) during March 2005 to March 2007. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with five replications. Three treatments combinations were: T1- coconut + guava + individual three medicinal plant based agroforestry system, T2- coconut + lemon + individual three medicinal plant based agroforestry system, and T3- individual three medicinal plants in open condition. In the open condition, T3 received 100% sunlight; while coconut + guava based system (T1) and coconut + lemon based system (T2) were allowed 42 to 46% and 53 to 58% sunlight for the growth of the three medicinal plants, respectively. Coconut trees were planted thirty years before (August, 1978) in the spacing of 8m x 8m. As the middle layer plant, both guava and lemon were five years old. Spacing between plants of guava and/or lemon and between rows were 3m ´ 3m. The result showed that multistoried agroforestry systems resulted significant influence on yield and yield attributing parameters of the three medicinal plants. The results also revealed that among the three medicinal plants, asparagus and misridana produced maximum yield under MAF, while aloe vera yielded maximum in sole cropping. Despite of lower yields of aloe vera, the highest gross returns were observed under coconut based multistoried agroforestry systems compared to sole cropping. It was due to the substantial additional contribution by coconut, guava and lemon fruits in MAF, while extra benefit was absent under sole cropping condition. Moreover, between the two different combinations of coconut based multistoried agroforestry systems, the highest benefit cost ratio (BCR) was recorded from the coconut+guava based MAF (T1).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v10i1.11067The Agriculturists 2012; 10(1): 71-80
30
Nawir, Munawwarah, Ira Taskirawati, and Baharuddin Baharuddin. "Pemanfaatan Tanaman Pangi (Pangium Edule Reinw) pada Lahan Agroforestri Desa Watu Toa Kecamatan Marioriwawo Kabupaten Soppeng." Jurnal Hutan dan Masyarakat 9, no. 2 (2017): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.24259/jhm.v9i2.3039.
Full textAbstract:
Pangi (Pangium edule Reinw) is a type of commodity of Non-Timber Forest Product group, which all parts of this plant can be utilized. Pangi crops grown on agroforestry land is one of the preservation of this plant in order to be utilized sustainably. To fulfill the necessities of life, the people of Desa Watu Toa manage their land by making it as an agroforestry land and planting seasonal crops, fruits and forestry crops. One type of forest crops planted is Pangi. This study aims to identify the utilization of pangi by the community in Watu Toa Village, Marioriwawo District, Soppeng District. Survey (direct observation and questioner) and interview are the methods used in this research. The data obtained are arranged in table form and described in descriptions to describe the utilization of pangi by farmers in Watu Toa Village, Marioriwawo Subdistrict, Soppeng Regency. There are four hamlets in the village of Watu Toa, but this research is only conducted on Dusun Masumpu and Dusun Jampu-jampu. In both villages, there is a pangi plant on agroforestry land managed by farmers. The area of agroforestry in both hamlets is on average between 0.25-0.50 ha. Watu Toa Village Farmers only utilizes six products produced from pangi plant, namely construction materials (stems); fish poison (skin); natural pesticides (leaves), antiseptics (leaves), vegetables (young leaves); as well as fruit / pangi as an ingredient that can be cake, tempeh, vegetable ise 'pangi, vegetable Lope' pangi, and cooking spice (kluwak).
31
Loewe Muñoz, Verónica Francisca. "Factibilidad de uso de frutales de maderas valiosas en sistemas agroforestales = Feasibility of using high value timber fruit species in agroforestry systems." Ciencia & Investigación Forestal 14, no. 2 (2008): 369–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.52904/0718-4646.2008.297.
Full textAbstract:
La utilización de especies no tradicionales para producir madera de alto valor, especialmente frutales, constituye una alternativa factible de ser incorporada a los sistemas productivos tradicionales. Se trata de especies conocidas y difundidas, de interés agrícola y forestal, que producen fruta apreciada y madera de alto valor requerida para instrumentos musicales, ebanistería, muebles de estilo y objetos artesanales, siendo maderas muy cotizadas en Europa, con mercados exclusivos hace varios siglos. Dado que se trata de especies frutales por excelencia, la incorporación de la componente forestal dentro del sistema agrícola se presenta como un complemento interesante a la actividad económica predial, sobretodo para los pequeños y medianos propietarios y campesinos, creando valor adicional al productor de frutales.
32
Winara, Aji, and Endah Suhaendah. "The Diversity and Utilization of Weeds in Sengon (Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J.W.) Grimes) Agroforestry and Monoculture Pattern." Jurnal Agroforestri Indonesia 3, no. 1 (2020): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jai.2020.3.1.29-43.
Full textAbstract:
Sengon (Falcataria moluccana) is a superior commodity of private forests in Java island. However, its management faces a gall rust attack. In addition, another challenge is the presence of weed disturbance which can reduce plant growth productivity. This study aims to measure the diversity and utilization of weed species in the agroforestry and sengon monoculture demonstration plots. The research method used was the method of vegetation analysis of understorey and interviews. Data analysis was performed descriptively using the importance species index, species diversity index and species similarity index.The results showed that both cropping patterns produced the same level of diversity and species richness despite differences in species density and presence. A total of 29 species of weeds were found in the agroforestry pattern and 27 types in the monoculture pattern.. Weed species diversity in agroforestry and monoculture patterns is classified as moderate with Shannon-Wienner species diversity index (H ') values of 2.47 and 2.66 respectively. Likewise, the level of species richness both pattern is classified as moderate with Margalef Richness Index (R’) value of 3.89 in monoculture and 4.23 in agroforestry. The level of species similarity between the two cropping pattern according to the Bray-Curtis Index is 0.66. The density of weeds in the monoculture pattern is higher (66.00 individuals / m2) than the agroforestry pattern (62.25 individuals / m2). Most of the weeds (67.65%) are used by people around the forest as animal feed (18 species), foodstuffs (4 species) and traditional medicine (4 species). The many species of weeds that can be utilized by the community shows that sengon forests can support food security, so that the weed control techniques recommended are manual techniques with simple tools and spatial management with F. moluccana plants.
33
Kusumandari, Ambar, Denny Irawati, and Sri Astuti Soedjoko. "Optimalisasi Penggunaan Lahan dengan Sistem Agroforestri dan Pendampingan Pascapanennya di Kelompok Tani Dusun Kemuning, Gunungkidul." Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (Indonesian Journal of Community Engagement) 1, no. 1 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpkm.16924.
Full textAbstract:
Kemuning sub village district is located in Bunder village, Patuk, Gunung Kidul. This area is near by the Bunder forest park and Wanagama Educational Forest. Most of the people live there are farmers. As the soil is relatively unfertile, they prefer to plant trees, so they called as forest community farmers. Among the trees, they plant cassava, peanut, and corn, so it called as agroforestry. In the field, the area seems still has the opportunity that can be added to be planted. Based on this situation, in this project, the optimalization of land use was introduced to ask the farmers to plant the undergrowth species includes: zingiber, kunyit and kencur. This project was started by introducing the agroforestry system, where they can plant together both trees and non trees at the same land. The socialization was done by inviting the farmers to come to the meeting. The advantages of agroforestry was explained to them, and also the post harvesting management to produce the instant zingiber was also trained and demonstrated to the female farmers. This product is also useful for attracting the local tourist who usually come at the week end. The output of this project was the agroforestry demplot can be built in the field, so the farmers can learn and study to develope at their own land. The female farmer can also make the instant zingiber as the healthy drink.
34
Pearson, Henry A., Thomas E. Prince, and Clyde M. Todd. "Virginia Pines and Cattle Grazing—An Agroforestry Opportunity." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 14, no. 2 (1990): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/14.2.55.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Virginia pines (Christmas trees) and cattle can be economically produced on the same land if the trees are protected with electric fences from grazing, trampling, and rubbing. Without protective the combined operation is uneconomical, supporting the concept that "Christmas trees and cattle do not mix." The results from this study are mainly applicable to situations where the landowner is already in the livestock business but interested in diversifying into other alternative enterprises which can improve economics and management or marketing flexibility. The reverse, adding cattle to a Christmas tree business, is not suggested due to the additional investments needed for land, facilities, and livestock. South. J. Appl. For. 14(2):55-59.
35
Garcia, Dorival Pinheiro, José Cláudio Caraschi, Gustavo Ventorim, and Fabio Henrique Antunes Vieira. "TRENDS AND CHALLENGES OF BRAZILIAN PELLETS INDUSTRY ORIGINATED FROM AGROFORESTRY." CERNE 22, no. 3 (2016): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/01047760201622032115.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Wood pellets are biofuels produced from agroforestry waste such as sugarcane bagasse, wood sawdust and shavings. They are compressed biofuels that have low moisture, allowing high combustion efficiency, especially because they are natural products of easily handling with high energy density. To explore pellets opportunities in Brazil (production and marketing), it is necessary to provide information about the chemical and energy characteristics, technologies, prices and prospects of this market. Thus, this article aims to organize and make this information available, enabling general knowledge on the subject and subsidize more investment in the biofuels sector; mostly by adding value to agroforestry waste, available in large volumes in this country. The results showed a young industry, with sixteen plants and production of 49.39 ktonnes of pellets in 2014, but using only 25.5% of its annual production capacity.
36
OLIVEIRA, VIANNEY REINALDO DE, PAULO SÉRGIO LIMA E. SILVA, PATRÍCIA LIANY DE OLIVEIRA FERNANDES SIQUEIRA, IRON MACEDO DANTAS, and MARIA ZULEIDE DE NEGREIROS. "CORN-TREE PROXIMITY EFFECTS IN AGROFORESTRY EXPERIMENTS." Revista Caatinga 29, no. 3 (2016): 648–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252016v29n315rc.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT In agroforestry systems, annual plants closest to trees may behave differently from plants in rows that are more distant. This study evaluated the proximity effects of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia (sabiá) and Gliricidia sepium (gliricidia) on corn yield under the taungya and alley cropping systems. The two species were evaluated, in randomised blocks with five replications, in 2010 and 2011, under taungya and alley cropping, respectively. Three rows of corn (left, middle, and right) were grown between two rows of trees. Sabiá trees grew higher than gliricidia trees. The difference in crown diameter between species depended on plant age. There was a linear relationship between plant age and plant height and between plant age and crown diameter for both sabiá and gliricidia trees. In the taungya system, left rows produced more green ears than middle and right rows, but grain yield was higher in middle rows. In the alley system, green ear yield was also higher in left rows than in middle and right rows, but grain yield was unaffected by row position. In both agroforestry systems, there were no differences in corn yield for corn grown between sabiá or gliricidia trees.
37
Panozzo, Anna, Hsinya Huang, Bruno Bernazeau, Teofilo Vamerali, Marie Françoise Samson, and Dominique Desclaux. "Morphology, Phenology, Yield, and Quality of Durum Wheat Cultivated within Organic Olive Orchards of the Mediterranean Area." Agronomy 10, no. 11 (2020): 1789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10111789.
Full textAbstract:
In the current context of climate change, tree–crop combinations in agroforestry systems are suggested to mitigate water and heat stresses, particularly in semi-arid environments of the Mediterranean area. In this framework, a 3-year trial was conducted at the French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE) in Mauguio (Southern France) in order to investigate the response of twenty-five durum wheat genotypes under a yearly pruned (AF) and a never-pruned alley olive orchard (AF+), in comparison with an open field without trees (control, C). The grain yield of wheat was markedly reduced in both the agroforestry systems AF (average −43%) and AF+ (−83%), according to the shading level. Among the yield components, the plant density at harvest was enhanced in AF (+22%) and AF+ (+3%), although with a significant reduction in the number of grains per spike (−37% in AF and −62% in AF+), and the number of spikes per plant (−32% in AF and −52% in AF+). The thousand-grain weight (TGW) and harvest index (HI) were slightly higher under moderate shade (AF; +12% vs. C) and severe shading (AF+; +6%). Plant biomass and spike size were significantly reduced in both agroforestry systems, while the flag leaf–spike distance (last internode) increased in AF. It was concluded that the moderate shading conditions of AF may create a sustainable agricultural system, and the wide intraspecific variability suggested a large scope for screening suitable genotypes, helping to produce ideotypes to implement agroforestry-oriented breeding programs.
38
Monson, Russell K., Barbro Winkler, Todd N. Rosenstiel, et al. "High productivity in hybrid-poplar plantations without isoprene emission to the atmosphere." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 3 (2020): 1596–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1912327117.
Full textAbstract:
Hybrid-poplar tree plantations provide a source for biofuel and biomass, but they also increase forest isoprene emissions. The consequences of increased isoprene emissions include higher rates of tropospheric ozone production, increases in the lifetime of methane, and increases in atmospheric aerosol production, all of which affect the global energy budget and/or lead to the degradation of air quality. Using RNA interference (RNAi) to suppress isoprene emission, we show that this trait, which is thought to be required for the tolerance of abiotic stress, is not required for high rates of photosynthesis and woody biomass production in the agroforest plantation environment, even in areas with high levels of climatic stress. Biomass production over 4 y in plantations in Arizona and Oregon was similar among genetic lines that emitted or did not emit significant amounts of isoprene. Lines that had substantially reduced isoprene emission rates also showed decreases in flavonol pigments, which reduce oxidative damage during extremes of abiotic stress, a pattern that would be expected to amplify metabolic dysfunction in the absence of isoprene production in stress-prone climate regimes. However, compensatory increases in the expression of other proteomic components, especially those associated with the production of protective compounds, such as carotenoids and terpenoids, and the fact that most biomass is produced prior to the hottest and driest part of the growing season explain the observed pattern of high biomass production with low isoprene emission. Our results show that it is possible to reduce the deleterious influences of isoprene on the atmosphere, while sustaining woody biomass production in temperate agroforest plantations.
39
Mapongmetsem, Pierre Marie, Bernard Aloys Nkongmeneck, and Hamide Gubbuk. "Socioeconomic Importance of the Banana Tree (Musa Spp.) in the Guinean Highland Savannah Agroforests." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/350258.
Full textAbstract:
Home gardens are defined as less complex agroforests which look like and function as natural forest ecosystems but are integrated into agricultural management systems located around houses. Investigations were carried out in 187 households. The aim of the study was to identify the different types of banana home gardens existing in the periurban zone of Ngaoundere town. The results showed that the majority of home gardens in the area were very young (less than 15 years old) and very small in size (less than 1 ha). Eleven types of home gardens were found in the periurban area of Ngaoundere town. The different home garden types showed important variations in all their structural characteristics. Two local species of banana are cultivated in the systems,Musa sinensisandMusa paradisiaca. The total banana production is 3.57 tons per year. The total quantity of banana consumed in the periurban zone was 3.54 tons (93.5%) whereas 1.01 tons were sold in local or urban markets. The main banana producers belonged to home gardens 2, 4, 7, and 9. The quantity of banana offered to relatives was more than what the farmers received from others. Farmers, rely on agroforests because the flow of their products helps them consolidate friendship and conserve biodiversity at the same time.
40
Murphy, David M. A., Julia Berazneva, and David R. Lee. "Fuelwood source substitution, gender, and shadow prices in western Kenya." Environment and Development Economics 23, no. 6 (2018): 655–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x1800027x.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractFuelwood scarcity creates a widespread environmental problem that places a major burden on women and children in the rural areas of developing countries. Consequently, many governments, donors and non-governmental organizations have encouraged on-farm fuelwood production and agroforestry practices. Whether, however, fuelwood from different sources can be easily substituted is an important empirical question as the degree of substitutability can depend on local markets and households' resource endowments and incomes. In this paper, we examine the substitution between three fuelwood sources among rural households in western Kenya: fuelwood collected off-farm, fuelwood produced on-farm, and that which is purchased. Using household-specific shadow prices for fuelwood and male and female wages, we find that strict gender divisions in household labor result in limited substitution between fuelwood sources. Among the implications are that programs and policies promoting agroforestry will have limited success without first addressing the structural differences in labor markets.
41
Sarvade, S., D. S. Gautam, S. Bhalawe, and P. K. Bisen. "An overview of potential multipurpose agroforestry tree species, Syzygium cuminii (L.) Skeels in India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, no. 3 (2016): 1714–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i3.1028.
Full textAbstract:
Jamun (Syzygium cuminii L.) Skeels) is evergreen MPTs (Multipurpose Tree species) widely grown in traditional agroforestry systems (agri-silviculture and agri-horticulture) of India, except very dry areas. It produces excellent nutritious fruits, which contains carbohydrates, dietary fibre, fat, protein, vitamins like B1, B2, B3, B6 and C with trace minerals (calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium and sodium). The seed and bark is used to control dysentery and hyperglycaemia, and in diabetic patients. Leaves of the Jamun are used in strengthening the teeth and gums, whereas fruits used in relief for colic, stomach-ache and enlarged spleen. It may accelerate work towards food security through extra food production from degraded and waste areas. The species is widely used for reclamation of salt affected soils and waterlogged areas. Their contribution in environmental conservation through biomass production and carbon sequestration processes. It also helps in conserving biodiversity in traditional agroforestry systems and natural forest areas.
42
Penot, Eric, and Ilahang. "Rubber Agroforestry Systems (RAS) in West Kalimantan, Indonesia: An historical perspective." E3S Web of Conferences 305 (2021): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130502001.
Full textAbstract:
In 1994 in the Sanggau/Sintang area in West Kalimantan province, most farmers relied mainly on jungle rubber, an old agroforestry system based on rubber seedling with low productivity, low establishment cost and low maintenance but high biomass and biodiversity. Most farmers at that period wanted to have access to clonal rubber planting material in order to improve their productivity (rubber clones do produce 3 times more than seedlings). The CIRAD/ICRAF/IRRI project called SRAP (Smallholder Rubber Agroforestry project) has set-up in 1994 on farm trials with 60 farmers in order to optimize clonal based new RAS according to local conditions and constraints. When SRAP started (1994/2007), the original objectives were multiple: i) to provide clone and high rubber productivity, ii) to maintain agroforestry practices to profit from positive externalities, and iii) to diversify income through timber, fruits, resins (Gaharu, Damar…) and other forest products (rattan, medicinal plants, forest vegetables etc). In 1997, came in the landscape oil palm estates though the very high and rapid development of private concessions. Oil palm became in the 2000’s the main priority for most smallholders. Today, all forest and most local jungle rubber have disappeared to the profit of roughly 2/3 of the area planted with oil palm (estates and smallholder) and 1/3 with clonal rubber for smallholder, either in monoculture or agroforestry. In 2019, CIFOR/FTA program funded a mission to CIRAD to obtain information about the evolution of RAS trials plots evolution in the province of West Kalimantan. The survey provide an idea of the historical and current trend in terms of local farming strategies concerning agroforestry. It raised also the question of clonal planting material availability for replanting and the poor tapping quality that lead to a reduction of the clonal rubber lifespan. Evolution of trials status over the period1994/2019 display the following results: i) Conversion to oil palm (20 %) or to clonal rubber monoculture (20 % mainly in Trimulia in Transdmigration area), ii) with agroforestry systems maintained in RAS 1 or 2 (50 %) and iii) evolution to tembawang at the end of rubber lifespan (10 %). We are back to the same problems faced in 1994: poor access to clonal planting material, no training on tapping frequency and practices but with some knowledge on clones and AF practices. The lessons learned are the following: i) Rubber agroforestry trials came right in time in 1994, with a strong demand from farmers, ii) but oil palm came in 1997 with a very strong pressure from concession companies providing a lucrative alternative to rubber cultivation with full credit (but loss of land) and better return to labor, iii) Interest in agroforestry practices remains high for old men but no interest is witnessed from younger generation, iv) It is now time for rubber replanting but the same old story remains: poor access to planting material), v) no good tapping practices, poor technical information available). These are essential to be able to maximize tree lifespan up to 35 years long.
43
Tridawati, Anggun, Ketut Wikantika, Tri Muji Susantoro, et al. "Mapping the Distribution of Coffee Plantations from Multi-Resolution, Multi-Temporal, and Multi-Sensor Data Using a Random Forest Algorithm." Remote Sensing 12, no. 23 (2020): 3933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12233933.
Full textAbstract:
Indonesia is the world’s fourth largest coffee producer. Coffee plantations cover 1.2 million ha of the country with a production of 500 kg/ha. However, information regarding the distribution of coffee plantations in Indonesia is limited. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of classification model and determine its important variables for mapping coffee plantations. The model obtained 29 variables which derived from the integration of multi-resolution, multi-temporal, and multi-sensor remote sensing data, namely, pan-sharpened GeoEye-1, multi-temporal Sentinel 2, and DEMNAS. Applying a random forest algorithm (tree = 1000, mtry = all variables, minimum node size: 6), this model achieved overall accuracy, kappa statistics, producer accuracy, and user accuracy of 79.333%, 0.774, 92.000%, and 90.790%, respectively. In addition, 12 most important variables achieved overall accuracy, kappa statistics, producer accuracy, and user accuracy 79.333%, 0.774, 91.333%, and 84.570%, respectively. Our results indicate that random forest algorithm is efficient in mapping coffee plantations in an agroforestry system.
44
Guenser, Josépha, Emilie Bourgade, Marc Vergnes, Thierry Dufourcq, and Séverine Mary. "Assessment of biodiversity and agronomic parameters in two Agroforestry vineyards." E3S Web of Conferences 50 (2018): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185001013.
Full textAbstract:
Sustainability of agricultural production systems is nowadays considered as a major challenge to face. Viticulture is particularly affected by environmental issues, especially because of its consumption in pesticides. Besides, the social demand in environment-friendly products is increasing, and the reputation of wines produced under Protected Denomination of Origin (PDO) is also built on the specificity of natural characteristics and resources such as soil, which has to be preserved. Biodiversity loss is largely admitted among the scientific community, and landscape simplification is known as a major driver in this process. Agroforestry, which combines trees with crops, could be a seducing response to biodiversity loss in agro-ecosystems, but the possibility of negative interactions between trees and vines (competition for water, nutrients, light) has to be considered. The Vitiforest project aims to assess south west of France agroforestry vineyard plots by spatializing different parameters in the domain of agronomy, ecology, micro-climate and economy. Field measurements were undertaken at different distances from the intercropped lines of trees in two agroforestry vineyard plots, in order to test potential effects of the trees. Arthropods were collected periodically with pitfall traps (for ground-dwelling individuals) and with D-vac system (aspiration of vine leaves). Pest insects (Empoasca vitis) were collected by specific yellow sticky traps. Data collected to describe biodiversity in these agroforestry systems was total arthropods abundances, abundances per order, carabidae richness and abundances. Nitrogen status was assessed by using Greenseeker® device, through the NDVI index. Our observations show that intercropped trees have no direct effects on vine nutrition. Slight effects on pests insects repartition were found, but these effects are inconstant according to experimental site and year of observation. The same trend is observed for arthropods abundances in the plots.
45
Kumar, Amit, Gopal Krishna Dwivedi, Salil Tewari, et al. "Carbon Mineralization and Inorganic Nitrogen Pools under Terminalia chebula Retz.-Based Agroforestry System in Himalayan Foothills, India." Forest Science 66, no. 5 (2020): 634–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxaa012.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Soil organic matter is major terrestrial pool for soil organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), and their decomposition is sensitive to vegetation and climate change. Integrated nutrient management (INM) deals with the combined application of chemical fertilizers and organic manures for nutritional requirement of crops and avoid the adverse effect of long-term application of chemical fertilizer on crop production and their sustainability. The present study was carried out to investigate the influence of different nutrient sources on soil C mineralization and inorganic N pools in a Terminalia chebula Retz, based on a agroforestry system. The results showed that the highest CO2 evolution was recorded in 100 percent INM and minimum in farmyard manure treatment after 120 days of incubation. Inorganic N was higher under the agroforestry system than under the open system. Among the different nutrient sources, the highest inorganic N was recorded in a 100 percent INM nutrient source and minimal in wheat straw treatment. The yield of turmeric was higher under the T. chebula-based agroforestry system (20.87 t ha–1) than under the open system (19.27 t ha–1). Results suggest that agroforestry systems using the INM approach can enhance C mineralization and inorganic N concentration with improved crop productivity in the Himalayan foothills. Study Implications: Fertilizer has been used since ancient times, and if well managed it can be an asset, promoting sustainable agriculture and increasing crop production, particularly for smallholder farmers in the Himalayan region of India. We compared fertilizer application practices under an agroforestry system in a representative Himalayan region of India. The majority of farmers in the region of the Himalayan foothills having marginal land and they are not able to produce optimum food grains for their requirement. However, their demands are increasing day by day, so to fulfill their demand, they have to adopt agroforestry. Agroforestry may be fulfilling their demand in terms of food, fuel, fodder, and other intangible benefits. Moreover, to increase the production under agroforestry, we have to apply organic and inorganic fertilizer in the soil either as the sole application or as a combination of these fertilizers. The application of these fertilizers will improve the productivity and fertility of land, especially carbon mineralization and inorganic nitrogen. These two soil properties are important to study because these are limiting to land productivity. In addition, efforts to improve integrated nutrient management in the Himalayan region of India would strengthen farmers’ incomes by strengthening land fertility and productivity. The rapid increase in human population over the last century is putting a massive pressure on existing resources, namely soil and water, resulting in environmental degradation in some regions around the world. As productive land becomes scarce, marginalized farmers are pushed into fragile croplands and forest lands unsuitable for modern agriculture which, in turn, is vulnerable, to degradation. If the present trend in population growth persists, pasture and forest lands will be further reduced (Satterthwaite et al. 2010). At this stage, the value of growing trees becomes more significant, and participation in tree planting schemes should be encouraged. However, this option is most feasible when combined with agriculture. As a result, agroforestry is an important management strategy that not only helps to meet the world food requirements but also helps to protect soil from degradation (Ram et al. 2017) and can enhance soil organic matter levels by adding the quantity of above- and below-ground organic matter inputs to soils (Nair et al. 2009, Marone et al. 2017).
46
Ortiz-Rodríguez, Oscar O., Raquel A. Villamizar-Gallardo, Carlos A. Naranjo-Merino, Rafael G. García-Caceres, and María T. Castañeda-galvís. "Carbon footprint of the colombian cocoa production." Engenharia Agrícola 36, no. 2 (2016): 260–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v36n2p260-270/2016.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Cocoa is an important commercial crop in the tropics; and estimating the carbon emissions in the producing-areas is a worthwhile effort. The main goal of the current paper was to evaluate the carbon footprint (CF) per kilogram of Colombian cocoa bean produced under conventional and agroforestry managements, following the methods proposed by PAS 2050. In this research, we compared our results to other worldwide researches, showing an overview of the current limitations and challenges involving the CF researches. Our results showed that all calculated environmental burdens were lower for the conventional management. In the agroforestry practice, composting of cocoa pod husks contributed with approximately 34.00E+00 g methane and 2.55E+00 g nitrous oxide emissions per kilogram of cocoa grain produced. Therefore, such practice could reduce CF by 6.00E+00 kg CO2 Eq kg-1, which is certainly a significant amount. These cocoa residues left on the ground have a strong impact on CF of both studied managements due to the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter, which represents more than 85% of emissions. We concluded that both evaluated production processes can emit environmental burdens at the same magnitude. Definitely, there is a widespread need to improve cocoa production system by changing old and less productive plants to the so called clones to ensure cocoa yield and quality worldwide.
47
Colletti, J. P., R. C. Schultz, C. W. Mize, R. B. Hall, and C. J. Twarok. "An Iowa Demonstration of Agroforestry: Short-Rotation Woody Crops." Forestry Chronicle 67, no. 3 (1991): 258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc67258-3.
Full textAbstract:
Results of a "wood-for-energy" demonstration and research study are presented. Three short-rotation woody crop (SRWC) systems were planted in 1986 on an old agriculture field. One system has a one-year rotation and a 0.3 × 0.3 m spacing. The second has a 3-5 year rotation and a 1.8 × 0.9 m spacing, and the last has a 7-10 year rotation and a 1.8 × 1.8 m spacing. Three different Populus clones and sliver maple (Acer saccharinum L.) were used for the systems. All plantings, except the annual system, were 0.2 ha in size. Site preparation included discing, rototilling, and application of pre-emergent herbicides. Planting was done with a conventional single row tree planter, with the exception of the wood grass, which was hand planted. Early growth and yield varied by system and were affected by severe drought conditions in 1988 and 1989. Average height and diameter growth for the first three years were significantly greater for the two Populus clones than for the silver maple. For the annually harvested 0.3 × 0.3 m system, the average yields were 7.2, 9.2, 9.4, and 6.6 dry metric tons per ha (dmt ha−1 yr−1) from 1986 to 1989. Populus clones NC-5326 and NC-5328 in the 1.8 × 0.9 m system produced similar yields since establishment in 1986. After the first four growing seasons, there was a moderate difference in growth and yield between the Populus clones in the 1.8 × 1.8 m system. The NC-5326 produced 50% more than NC-5328. The annual system was costly to establish, with costs exceeding $7,069 ha−1 The 1986 establishment costs were $1,648 ha−1 or the Populus clones and $1,665 ha−1 for silver maple, both included in the 1.8 × 0.9 m system. In comparison, a 1987 planting of this system had a 18% reduction in costs. The 1986 establishment costs for the 18 × 1 8 m system were $1,023 ha−1for the Populus clones and $1,038 ha−1for silver maple, with a 23% cost savings in a 1987 planting. Pest problems were limited to a cottonwood leaf beetle infestation in the summer of 1987, which was easily controlled with a pesticide. Early growth and yields are encouraging given the severe drought conditions of 1988 and 1989. Moreover, the cost reductions from subsequent plantings (1987) indicate a trend towards cost-efficient short-rotation woody crop systems producing biomass for energy in the Iowa agricultural landscape.
48
Paolini Gomez, Jorge Emilio. "Actividad microbiológica y biomasa microbiana en suelos cafetaleros de los Andes venezolanos." REVISTA TERRA LATINOAMERICANA 36, no. 1 (2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.28940/terra.v36i1.257.
Full textAbstract:
In Venezuela approximately 200 000 ha are planted with coffee (Coffea arabica L.) mostly on the steep slopes of the Andes. Traditionally, coffee is cultivated with few or no agrochemical inputs in an agroforestry system, cropped under the shade of tree species of the leguminous family and other bushes. In recent years, with adoption of high yielding, early varieties of short stature, coffee is being produced in full sunlight with addition of mineral fertilizers and pesticides. The soil microbiological properties especially those related with the fluxes of energy and nutrient cycling, respond promptly to changes in soil conditions, often much earlier than organic carbon and, in this way, are early indicators of alterations in soil quality. In this study, we compared the microbiological activity (basal respiration), microbial biomass and derived ecophysiological ratios of topsoils (0-5 cm) collected from eight farms in the municipalities of Merida and Trujillo that practice traditional (agroforestry or shaded coffee), conventional (sun coffee or intensive monoculture) and organic (agroforestry or shaded coffee) production. The organic agriculture farms showed the highest contents of total organic carbon, water soluble carbon, basal respiration and microbial biomass compared with traditional and conventional farms. This means a more sustainable coffee system with better conservation of natural resources and environment-friendly production. On conventional farms, added fertilizers and pesticides negatively affect microorganism performance and are more inefficient in terms of carbon and energy use.
49
Magar, Lila Bahadur, Saraswoti Khadka, Jay Raj Raj Joshi, et al. "Total Biomass Carbon Sequestration Ability Under the Changing Climatic Condition by Paulownia tomentosa Steud." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 6, no. 3 (2018): 220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v6i3.20772.
Full textAbstract:
The concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) has risen continuously in atmosphere due to human induced activities, and has been considered the predominant cause of global climate change. Paulowina tomentosa Steud. (P. tomentosa), a multipurpose tree is popular around global market for its timber and its potential role in CO2 sequestration. In this study, the total biomass carbon of five years old and newly planted P. tomentosa has been estimated. The results indicated that the average total biomass carbon of five years old plant was found to be 4.52±0.53Kg C Year-1 per tree i.e. 9.04±1.06-ton C ha-1 Year-1 (assuming 2000 plants per hector). Likewise, the average total biomass carbon of newly planted P. tomentosa within 4 months was found to be 6.07±0.38 Kg in remote village area in Nepal. The estimated biomass carbon in one year of newly planted plants was found to be 18.21±1.14 Kg Year-1 i.e. 0.36-ton C ha-1 Year-1. These findings reveled that short rotational trees like P. tomentosa can be implemented in agroforestry system to reduce the green house emission in cities and emphasizes the carbon storage potential of agroforestry. In vitro micro propagation technique could be implemented to produce genetically uniform clone of P. tomentosa and can be applied in agroforestry system for the adaptation and to mitigate global climate change.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(3): 220-226
50
Febryano, Indra Gumay. "ANALISIS FINANSIAL AGROFORESTRI KAKAO DI LAHAN HUTAN NEGARA DAN LAHAN MILIK." PERENNIAL 4, no. 1 (2008): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24259/perennial.v4i1.182.
Full textAbstract:
The cultivation of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) has been an important driver of tropical deforestation globally. Efforts to reverse this trend are focusing on the reintroduction of shade trees to cocoa plantations. Shade trees are valuable in enhancing biophysical conditions on cocoa fields and contribute to biodiversity and product diversification for smallholder producers. The aim of this study was to compare financial analysis of cocoa agroforestry between in state forest land and private land. Financial analysis was undertaken to assess its economic viability. Input–output data were collected from farmer by interview and participant observation. A discounted cash flow analysis was carried out to estimate the benefit-cost (B/C) ratio, net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR) at 6,4% discount rate. The results showed that the main combination of planting pattern that consist of cacao and banana (in state forest land), cacao and petai, cacao and durian (in private land) were financially feasible; the largest contribution was given by cacao at all planting patterns based on farmer household revenue structure. Key words: Financial analysis, cocoa, agroforestry, land tenure security