Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Agronomie'
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Sevestre, Sylvie. "Analyse d'images texturées : applications en agronomie." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA112290.
Full textSegret, Léa. "Traitement pré récolte en vue de développer des opérations culturales permettant d'optimiser la teneur en principes actifs de plants de ginseng." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INPT0003.
Full textFrance ginseng is a young company that cultivates ginseng "Made in France" in a sustainable and profitable way in France. This company has developed an innovative concept of medicinal plant production. In order to accelerate its development and to optimize its knowledge and techniques, an ambitious program of research and development is launched. The objectives of the proposed project will focus on the identification of agronomic factors improving the accumulation of ginsenosides and the quality of the product obtained. More precisely, the aim is to define and justify via the physiology of the leaf and the root, the conditions allowing to obtain the best contents and compositions in ginsenosides. For this purpose, tests under shade-culture conditions on 2 production sites in field or in controlled conditions in a greenhouse will be set up and conducted on plants of 1 to 4 years. Various post-harvest treatments will be associated with these production trials
Knittel, Fabien. "Mathieu de Dombasle : agronomie et innovation : 1750-1850." Nancy 2, 2007. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/NANCY2/doc401/2007NAN21005.pdf.
Full textC. J. A. Mathieu de Dombasle (1777-1843) was an agronomist from Lorraine who was recognizes by is peers in 1821. His conception of a swing plough and the writing in French of the theory on the plough went down in history as the most innovating ones. The agronomist along with the plough that bears his name, the famous Dombasle plough, are known first by the historians of the farming techniques and by the agronomist who are interested in the Back ground of their discipline. Never had such a thorough and systematic paper been written about Mathieu de Dombasle so far. Own biography aims at grasping the process of institutionalisation of agronomy. I will analyse Mathieu de Dombasle's backgrounds, and his training as a chemist. Thus, these points will help us understand how he progressively took up studying agriculture in general and later, soil
Bolens, Lucie. "Agrónomos andaluces de la edad media /." Granada : [Almería] : Universidad de Granada ; Instituto de estudios almerienses, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb370270969.
Full textPublié pour la première fois en 1974 sous le titre : "Les méthodes culturales au Moyen-Age d'après les traités d'agronomie andalous : traditions et techniques" puis en 1981 sous le titre : "Agronomes andalous du Moyen-Age", éd. augmentée de 3 articles. Notes bibliogr. Bibliogr. p. 270-284. Glossaire.
Cottes, Jeremy Jean-Guy. "Le couple Eh/pH du sol : sa mesure, son impact sur la mobilité des nutriments et la croissance du tournesol." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0079.
Full textThis work is part of a sustainable agriculture context that aims to consume fewer and fewer inputs while maintaining increasing biomass production levels, both in terms of quantity and quality. Such levels can only be achieved if cultivated plants can develop under optimal conditions, including access to the mineral elements essential for their growth. Many factors are involved in the availability of nutrients in the soil for crops such as pH or oxidation-reduction potential (Eh). Several authors have shown that plants grow within a specific Eh/pH range and are able to alter these parameters in the rhizosphere to ensure intracellular homeostasis. The final objective of this study is to understand the effects of soil redox potential on mobility and availability of nutrients to the plant. The need to carry out measurements for both Eh and pH, in situ in the soil with plants is a real matter. Measuring soil Eh is essential but complex due to the lack of measurement reliability resulting from high temporal variability and metrological challenges. This work proposes practical advancements for measuring Eh in soils using combined electrodes. The protocol was applied to monitor a sunflowers pot culture (1L) for a 70 days campaign under different soil and climate conditions. The relationships between soil Eh / pH and the availability of nutrients presents in the soil (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, B, Zn, Cu and Mo) has been analysed. This study has highlighted the impact of nitrogen and iron in soil Eh values. While some elements (N, Fe, Mn, S) are directly impacted by soil Eh and pH variations, others (Mg, Ca, P, Cu, Zn, Mo) have their mobility and availability indirectly affected. Considering all these results, the objective of this experiment was to determine if soil Eh would in any way provide an indicator that could represents the "favourable state" of soil for plants growth. To achieve this objective a new parameter, called Ehcumul, has been proposed, similar to the degree day, which describes, in agronomy, the temperature needs for plants growth. Strong correlations between Ehcumul and sunflower growth revealed the existence of optimal soil Eh conditions: 440 mV/ENH, in our experiment. Assuming that biological activity of the soils could play a central role in Eh values, sunflower monitoring was also carried out on soils previously sterilized by drying (105°C for 5 days). The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) contents of these soils is increased compared to non-sterilised soils, due to degradation of the most labile organic matter. The consequence was a moderated and constant Eh value. These results open up perspectives on the impact of soil organic matter to maintain optimal soil redox potential values for plant growth
Perret, Sylvain. "Quelle agronomie pour le développement durable ? Histoires, concepts, pratiques et perspectives." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00127073.
Full textMatieyendou, Matieyendou. "Analyse de Sensibilité pour les modèles dynamiques utilisés en agronomie et environnement." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00470153.
Full textLamboni, Matieyendou. "Analyse de sensibilité pour les modèles dynamiques utilisés en agronomie et environnement." AgroParisTech, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AGPT0087.
Full textBarthod, Sandrine. "Variabilité interspécifique et plasticité du coût associé au déploiement de la surface assimilatrice chez des semis forestiers en régénération naturelle." Besançon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BESA2056.
Full textOne of the components of shade tolerance resides in the ability of saplings to reduce carbon loss by minimising respiratory and by optimising light interception and photosynthesis. Thus it must exist a compromise between the reduction in respiratory losses, increase in photosynthetic activity and development of their assimilatory area. We were interested more particularly in modulation of the cost associated to leaf area renewal (leaves and various structures necessary to their deployment) and we therefore characterized biochemical (construction cost, biochemical composition) and morphological (specific leaf area, biomass allocation) features which explain the interspecific differences and the plasticity of this cost. The study was done in situ on saplings sampled in a large range of light environments making it possible to characterize the interspecific variability and the plasticity of the cost associated to the leaf area renewal. The species selected were contrasted from the point of view of their temperament, their architecture and their foliar morphology: nine species were selected in temperate forest (Moselle) and three in tropical forest (French Guyane). The light microclimate of each seedling was characterized by a numerical hemispherical photograph. The construction cost of each organ was calculated starting from its carbon content, and corroborated by its heat of combustion (microcalorimetry). We observed a large interspecific variability and a large plasticity of the cost associated to the leaf area renewal. These costs do not reflect the temperament of species but their plasticity shows that the most tolerant species are most plastic. This plasticity is more due to morphologicals changes of the specific leaf area than to biochemical changes
Hourbette, Danièle. "Genre et usages des TIC. Une étude de cas dans une école d'ingénieur en agronomie." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00633217.
Full textSenault, Patrick Higelé Pierre. "Formation-développement origines, principes, méthodes /." Nancy : Université Nancy 2, 2001. http://cyberdoc.univ-nancy2.fr/htdocs/docs_ouvert/doc200/2001NAN21030.pdf.
Full textLanglois, Janick. "Les pêcheries de loup-marin en Nouvelle-France." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ55560.pdf.
Full textBélanger, France. "Développement et expérimentation d'un cours en formation continue auprès de conseillers agricoles selon l'approche par problèmes." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1997.
Find full textCatalogna, Maxime. "Expérimentations de pratiques agroécologiques réalisées par des agriculteurs : proposition d’un cadre d’analyse à partir du cas des grandes cultures et du maraîchage diversifié dans le département de la Drôme." Thesis, Avignon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AVIG0705/document.
Full textThe intensification of ecological processes proposed by agroecology is highly dependent on the agricultural context. A renewal of farming knowledge is necessary to adapt each agro-ecological practice. In this thesis, we studied farmers’ experiments, defined as a process of testing practices that embody hypotheses both on their implementation and on the targeted agro-ecological processes. Our work is based on surveys of 17 farmers, mainly Drôme farmers, who were either diversified market gardeners or cereal farmers.We have formalized the farmers’ experiments with two notions: the experimental situation (SE) and the experimentation itinerary (ITE). They concern respectively short time (annual or infra-annual) and long time (multi-year) and are the subject of the first two chapters of the results. In the first one, we built an analytical framework that includes design, implementation and evaluation phases. From this framework, we studied the diversity of a sample of 181 SEs and identified 10 groups of SEs organized into 4 clusters. The typology obtained depends on a particular variable which is the type of link to previous SEs. In the second chapter of the result, we have deepened these links by focusing on ITEs, defined as the combination of different SEs on a particular agro-ecological theme. We identified 4 types of ITEs that differ in their experimental intensity, the links between SEs and the emission or not of new experimental branches.The third chapter of the result deals with the question of farmers developing knowledge through their experiments. After having characterized different forms of knowledge, more or less stabilized, we propose three processes for the development of advanced knowledge through experimentation.The SE/ITE model is promising to support farmers. The chronological timeline of SEs organized in ITEs represents a potential reflexivity tool
Lazrak, El Ghali. "Fouille de données stochastique pour la compréhension des dynamiques temporelles et spatiales des territoires agricoles. Contribution à une agronomie numérique." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00782768.
Full textAlard, Didier. "La Végétation pastorale de Normandie centrale. Phyto-écologie, agronomie et dynamique; conséquences pour la gestion d'un espace agricole en mutation." Rouen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ROUES019.
Full textHourbette, Danièle. "Genre et usages des technologies de l'information et de la communication : une étude de cas : une école d'ingénieur en agronomie." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05H040.
Full textThere have been a number of studies which have looked at the relationships between gender and use of information and communication technologies (ICT). However, few have investigated this in the educational context in France. The study presented in this Ph. D. Dissertation has an exploratory aspect. It’s origins are threefold; studies about ICT use in educational contexts, French conceptualisation of gender, conceived in part as a result of gender roles and relations, and in part as a continuum where people locate themselves between the two poles of masculinity and the feminity. A longitudinal case study was conducted in a Graduate Institute in Science and Engineering using on line questionnaires, face-to-face and computer mediated interviews, and analyses of students' websites and blogs The contrast between students' statement about their trajectories of usage and the skills developed by learning and practical experience, and their stated uses and observed products, revealed a gap. This could be explained with regard to gender roles and relationships, the gender-based attributions, and indications of a phenomena related to dependance / independance on them. Although these students are enrolled on scientific degree courses, it appears that their gendered social identity strongly influenced their skills, in relation to the paths their lives have taken, strongly marked by gender norms. Nevertheless, ICT use associated with artistic skills and hobbies allows girls to develop compentencies in different spheres to boys, which favour activites in the masculine domain of video games and ICT in the educational context
Martin, Pierre. "L'assemblage de programmes au sein de plateformes logicielles : syntaxe, sémantique et pragmatique : Application aux plateformes dédiées aux simulations en agronomie." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20174.
Full textThe systems envisaged by the life sciences (genetics, agronomy, ecology etc. ) are, for the most, complex systems constituted by many interacting entities whose behaviour can not be apprehended by a single observer. In the 1960s, the advent of the computer allows the capitalization of knowledge gathered in computing programs. The advantage of these programs was quickly recognized in the areas of data extrapolation and prediction. In the early 1980s, the idea of accessing other knowledge by joining programs gave birth to software platforms. Such buildings are designed to allow a research team to access multidisciplinary knowledge by combination of programs developed by other teams working on other scientific objects and in other areas. The current issue of such software platforms is to answer new questions raised by sustainable development, which involves environmental sustainability, economic viability and social equity. To support the construction of software platforms, computer scientists have developed generic platform dedicated to program assembly. The research field opened by software platform is the study of languages dedicated in the association of programs developed using other languages. In terms of semantics (meaning), the assembly of programs raises the question of the consistency of their juxtaposition. As the programs are developed according to specific languages, this consistency needs to be analyzed to both syntactic and semantic levels. Furthermore, using a predetermined language dedicated to assembly raises the question of the role of the syntax on the possibilities to compose programs and therefore the semantics conveyed by the syntax. The thesis deals with semantic issues generated by the assembly. The underlying assumption is that assembly language is a semantic interface between programs. For our study, we developed an original frame of analysis elaborated on the basis of work from cybernetics, software engineering and artificial intelligence. The analysis frame considers morphological, syntactic, and semantic levels of the assembly language. Three assembly supports generic (MODCOM, OpenMI, and VLE) and three agronomic software platforms (APES, DSSAT, and SEAMLESS-IF) were analyzed (Chapter A). We show that the syntactic rules, inherent to assembly language, limit the ability of the assembly language to represent some complex systems. We also show that the efficiency of metadata and ontology depends on the semantic of the vocabulary used to describe the input and output of the programs. To access this semantics, we use the assumption that this is the description of the contents of the program that allows the construction of the vocabulary. We propose a model for programs description established using pragmatic linguistic results and morphosyntactic works (chapter B). The description is based on the seven pronouns and adverbs that French language offer. A typology of responses is associated to each of these interrogative pronouns and adverbs using linguistic bibliography. The use of the principle of Guillaume to organize these typologies provides a formal structure for the program description. In chapter C, the use of semantic networks (conceptual graph) as a support for implementation of the model is discussed, and the value of work is shown. In conclusion, we hold our contributions in light of questions and deliver research questions into perspective of this work
Martin, Pierre. "L'assemblage de programmes au sein de plateformes logicielles : Syntaxe, Sémantique et Pragmatique. Application aux plateformes dédiées aux simulations en agronomie." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00458265.
Full textSway, Cortés Ricardo. "Proposition d'une méthode pour la représentation et l'interprétation de la dynamique de projets socio-techniques en agronomie : application au cas des serres." Montpellier, ENSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENSA0015.
Full textBy means of a qualitative method of research, a device has been developed for the analysis and representation of the dynamics of socio-technical projects on agriculture, particularly on greenhouses. It consists of a control panel with four indicators: the physical time and the project phases, the graphical representation of the actors network and links, the characterization and analysis of such network, and finally the project dynamics. The device has been tested in a real case of socio-technical project known as "cold shelters", carried out in the region of Agen, France. The control panel fulfils the initial objectives of this research work: it gathers ail the actors of the project. It also gathers the formal relations as well as those in competition and relations of conflict. Finally, it represents the dynamics of the project in two different but complementary ways, by comparison of the indicators between stages of the project and in respect of the desired target
Oehme, Marlis. "Die römische Villenwirtschaft : Untersuchungen zu den Agrarschriften Catos und Columellas und ihrer Darstellung bei Niebuhr und Mommsen /." Bonn : R. Habelt, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37145689s.
Full textTahraoui, Douma Naïma. "Valorisation par compostage des résidus solides urbains de la commune de Chlef, Algérie." Limoges, 2013. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/36eb37e8-b213-45b9-aa04-305f2226ce99/blobholder:0/2013LIMO4038.pdf.
Full textAlgeria has to face a continuous increase of the urban solid residues (MSW) produced in the country. This increase is not only due to the population growth and to the economic development, but also to the change of the modes of production and consumption of the Algerian population. The management of the MSW by the local authorities (municipalities, daïras and willayas) knows inadequacies for the sorting and the valuation of certain constituents of the domestic bin. This management requires a global treatment of the problem which concerns the organization of the collection, the transport, the recycling and composting and the elimination in centers of storage of ultimate waste ( CSUW) presenting all the guarantees for the environmental protection (waters, grounds and air). These difficulties of management are mainly due to organizational problems: - an insufficient collection raises problem of public health and entails important sanitary risks, - the presence of garbage dumps within the urban zones, degrades the quality of life of the populations and - uncontrolled dump sites present a risk of water pollution subterranean and superficial. In this context, a treatment by composting of the municipal solid waste of the municipality of Chlef, was formulated and presented to the competent authorities of the willaya of Chlef, with a study on the possibilities of composting of the MSW predominantly organic (60-70 %). This valorization of residues in the form of compost would allow relieving the polluting load arriving in the landfill of Meknassa. This work of search-action is directed on several aspects to insure a long-lasting sector of composting, and on in particular: - the characterization specifies of the field of MSW into flow (Ton / day) and into composition over two years and four seasons, - the experiment on a half-big pilot of a platform of sorting-composting, allowing to fix all the parameters of functioning of the process, and the study of the agronomic valuation of the produced compost on several types of cultures used in the willaya of Chlef
Reynaud, Florian. "Les bêtes à cornes dans la littérature agronomique (1700-1850)." Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN1533.
Full textBernaoui, Radia. "Pilotage stratégique de la recherche agronomique dans le processus de développement de l'Algérie : les besoins d'un système d'information à haute valeur ajoutée." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20082.
Full textThis abstract synthesizes the results of a survey which we carried out of Algerian scientists specialized in agronomic, veterinary and biological sciences, in order to analyze the knowledge management of scientific production and to evaluate the importance that they carry to the sharing of the knowledge and the progress of collective intelligence. The data obtained reveal an essential need for creation of a convenient framework for sharing knowledge in order to enhance collective intelligence. This research confirms the need of an information system of high added value (National observatory of the agronomic research). Algeria, faced with strong constraints of insufficient agricultural production, needs to fit into this logic and to use its research results as a source of innovation and performance in its current strategy of reducing its food bill. Nonetheless, one of its constraints concerns the lack of tools to encourage the capitalization and the enhancement of its scientific output. Through this work of knowledge management applied to the scientific production of the Algerian researchers, a need even more crucial emerges, which is sharing of knowledge not only within communities of researchers but also with enterprises and farms
Pique, Gaétan. "Apport de la télédétection pour la simulation spatialisée des composantes du bilan carbone des cultures et des effets d'atténuation biogéochimiques et biogéophysiques des cultures intermédiaires." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU30038.
Full textClimate change and the demographic growth of the world's population are leading the agricultural world to adapt to meet these two major challenges. While agricultural land, which represents nearly one third of the world's land area, contributes significantly to global greenhouse gas emissions, it also offers the possibility of implementing climate change mitigation levers. In this context, the aim of this thesis is to increase our knowledge of the functioning of agricultural areas, to provide tools for assessing the contribution of cultivated surfaces to climate change, and to quantify the biogeochemical (C storage) and biogeophysical (albedo effect) effects of climate change mitigation through the implementation of cover crops. To meet these objectives, two modeling approaches were developed during this work. The first part of this thesis focused on the development of a spatialized modeling approach, allowing to provide estimates of production (biomass and yields), CO2 and water fluxes, these variables being used to quantify the carbon and water budgets for cropland. To this end, the SAFYE-CO2 agro-meteorological model assimilating satellite products of vegetation index at high spatial and temporal resolutions was developed and applied to different crops (wheat, maize and sunflower) and intercrop vegetation (spontaneous regrowth, weeds, cover crops). This approach has been validated on a network of plots in southwestern France, taking advantage of a large number of satellite images and validation data on the Regional Spatial Observatory area. In particular, it has allowed to accurately estimate wheat, sunflower and corn production, as well as CO2 and water fluxes on wheat and sunflower crops. Vegetation, which can develop on the plots during intercropping periods, was also considered in order to improve the estimation of CO2 and water fluxes. In particular, this made it possible to quantify the impact of intermediate crops on the C balance components of plots allocated to field crops in the study area. The second part of the project aimed at developing a model for the introduction of cover crops at a European scale, in order to estimate the radiative forcing induced by the modification of the surface albedo generated by this practice. Thanks to medium resolution albedo products (1/20°), developed by the CNRM (and in collaboration with this laboratory), this modelling approach allowed to provide estimates of the albedo effect related to cover crops. Several introduction scenarios were simulated to account for the impact of certain factors, such as snow or rain. They have allowed us to highlight the potential negative impact of soil darkening, induced in the long term (via the enrichment of soil organic matter) by cover crops on the radiative forcing of cultivated areas. Finally, as any change in agricultural practice induces biogeochemical and biogeophysical effects on climate, an analysis of these coupled effects was conducted using these two modelling approaches. We conclude that once intercropping is implemented, the soil should be permanently covered so that the soil darkening effect does not cause the other climatic benefits of this agricultural practice to be lost
Todoroff, Pierre. "Modélisation de la propagation de micro-ondes dans le sol afin d'obtenir un profil hydrique par réflectométrie temporelle." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00646580.
Full textSultan, Benjamin. "Etude de la mise en place de la mousson en Afrique de l'Ouest et de la variabilité intra-saisonnière de la convection : Applications à la sensibilité des rendements agricoles." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA070027.
Full textBy using daily rainfall data and wind reanalyses over the period 1968-1990 we document two main aspects of the West African monsoon dynamics : the onset of the monsoon and the intraseasonal modulation of convention. It is shown that the onset stage is linked to an abrupt latitudinal shift of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone associated to the heat low dynamics. We also show the evidence of coherent fluctuations in the rainfall and wind fields in two spectral windows : around 15 days, and between 30 and 40 days. These fluctuations are characterized by a westward propagation of large cyclonic and anticyclonic anomalies with a modulation of Mesoscale Convective System characteristics. By using a crop model SARRA-H (CIRAD), we study the agricultural impacts. It is shown that our definition of the onset can improve the yield through a better choice of the showing date. It is also shown a strong impact of extra-seasonal dry sequences during the flowering and the grain ripening phases
Hauswirth, Damien. "Évaluation agro-économique ex-ante de systèmes de culture en agriculture familiale : le cas de l'agriculture de conservation en zone tropicale humide de montagne (Nord Vietnam)." Phd thesis, Ecole nationale superieure agronomique de montpellier - AGRO M, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00944072.
Full textCarbonnel, Anna. "Engagement de la recherche agronomique dans l'action. Le cas d'une Recherche-Action en Partenariat au Cameroun." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839985.
Full textLe, Gal Pierre-Yves. "De l'analyse des pratiques gestionnaires à l'aide à la conception de systèmes de production agricole. Contribution à une agronomie de l'exploitation agricole et des territoires." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00660706.
Full textHutte, Marie. "Développement des produits à haute valeur nutritionnelle à partir de la production du Canna à la Réunion." Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0053.
Full textCanna edulis, is a multiannual plant, from the Cannaceae family, originating from South America, that accumulate starch in its rhizome. This thesis work aims to study Canna’s culture on Réunion Island depending on soil, climate and season specificities using rhizome quality changes depending on the plants development stages. Seven experimental crops were followed at two contrasted sites: La Plaine des Palmistes and Bassin Plat. During plant growth, soil quality, rain, mean temperatures and solar radiation data were collected in order to characterize the planting locations. Development stage indicators were monitored to enlighten plants maturity status and evaluate soil and climate effects on their development. Regular samplings were scheduled to characterize the rhizomes development and composition but also their technological properties and nutritional interests as influenced by their maturity. Thus, starch, free sugars, viscosity, gel formation properties as well as phenolics contents and their antioxidant activities were evaluated on several intermediate products namely freeze-dried rhizomes, starches and dietary fibers. Besides its innovative nature on the high-valued starch extraction process field, this thesis particularity relies on the fact that it is integrated in the wide project of Canna culture settlement and its agronomic, technologic and nutritional enhancement
Kelgenbaeva, Kamilya. "Agronomic Suitability Studies in the Russian Altai Using Remote Sensing and GIS." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1212669959876-32328.
Full textDiese Doktorarbeit beschreibt Methoden und geeignete Anpassungen bereits existierender Lösungen, um auf zwei verschiedenen Wegen die Landeignung für die Tal- und Beckenregionen der Südsibirischen Altaigebirges innerhalb eines Geoinformationssystems zu modellieren (GIS). Die Ausgangsmethoden sind: 1) die Bodeneignungsmodelle „Almagra" and „Cervatana“ (MicroLEIS System), entwickelt für die Mittelmeerregionen (De la Rosa et al. 1992 and 1998) und die „Gewichtsmethode“, welche Burlakova L. M. (1988) speziell für die Altairegion entwickelte. Letztgenannte Methode basiert auf den gewichteten Mitteln für eine gegebene Anzahl von Faktoren. 2) Zum Vergleich, die zweite, dritte und vierte Version des gleichen Modells mit drei unterschiedlichen Typen wurden mit Fuzzy-Logik-Methoden entwickelt. Sie werden benutzt, um darzustellen, wie unscharfe Mengen zum einen die Berechnung von Gauß-Mitgliedschaftsfunktionen bestimmter Klassen veranschaulichen können, welche zu anderen Klassen gehören, und wie die Variablen in einer mathematischen Handhabung angefasst werden können. Außerdem stellt diese Arbeit Ideen vor, wie die Fernerkundung das Geoinformationssystem (GIS) eingesetzt werden kann, wenn - wie im vorliegenden Fall - nur unzureichend Geodaten vorhanden sind, (i) um in die Modellierung der Boden- und Klimabedingungen einzugehen und (ii) um die Charakteristik des Landmanagements im Untersuchungsgebiet zu kennzeichnen. Drei landwirtschaftliche Agrarkulturen (Sommerweizen, Sonnenblumen und Kartoffeln) sind für die Altairegion auf regionaler Ebene von Bedeutung und wurden daher in die vorliegende Untersuchung einbezogen. Die Bewertung erfolgte nach fünf Eignungskategorien, entsprechend der FAO Klassifikation (1976). Das Uimon-Becken wurde als Untersuchungsgebiet ausgewählt. Soziale und ökonomische Faktoren wurden bisher ausgeschlossen, können aber innerhalb einer weiteren Entwicklungsphase hinzugenommen werden
Diep, Kien Vu. "Analyses linguistiques de la cohérence dans l'explication scientifique, le cas du discours agronomique : perspectives didactiques au Vietnam." Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUEL603.
Full textTwo main steps are conducted in this research. The first one, in Textlinguistics, starts from the hypothesis that there are specific processes that constitute the coherence and clarity of scientific explanations in French. Textual analysis aims to observe how a specialized speech (i. E. , agronomic subject) constructs its coherence so as to explain and transmit scientific knowledge. The second step starting from the hypothesis that textual dysfunction, specifically coherence problems, faced by Vietnamese students in their academic compositions aims to answer the questions in terms of didactics of French for specific purposes (as writing). In this step, we study the appropriateness of French coherence links used by Vietnamese students in their writings of scientific documents. Also in this research, by comparing Vietnamese and French, we would like to check the hypothesis we made at the beginning of our research: Scientific Vietnamese language does not set the same linguistic process as French does in constructing textual coherence, stemming from that language habit in the mother tongue constitutes a block for students in acquiring specific textual coherence in French
Prost, Lorène. "Modéliser en agronomie et concevoir des outils en interaction avec de futurs utilisateurs : le cas de la modélisation des interactions génotype-environnement et de l'outil DIAGVAR." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00381092.
Full textSimier, Philippe. "Importance physiologique et metabolique du mannitol dans le parasitisme des angiospermes et perspectives d'applications en agronomie. Etude d'un cas : thesium humile vahl. (santalacee), parasite du ble." Nantes, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NANT2039.
Full textProst, Lorène. "Modéliser en agronomie et concevoir des outils en intéraction avec de futurs utilisateurs : le cas de la modélisation des intéractions génotype-environnement et de l'outil Diagvar." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AGPT0013.
Full textSilva, Shirley Martim da. "O processo interativo de reformulação curricular do curso de agronomia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul : potencialidades e desafios." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/165477.
Full textThis research is a case study on the Graduating Course in Agronomy Engineering of the Brazilian Federal University in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS). The emphasis was on diagnosing the curricular remodeling, which began in 2006 and was implemented in 2009, such remodeling came to suit the adjustments of the national curricular guidelines. Thus, we conducted a study aiming to detect which were the contributions on organizational, institutional, methodological and curricular dynamics and if those contributions made up to effective and innovating subsidies to the course development. In order to achieve our aims, we went through documental analysis on the national curricular guidelines to the Agronomy Course. That was done also on the curricular remodeling protocols, the graduation commission meeting protocols and the course’s pedagogical project. Further, we systematically crossed the date originated from professors and courses’ evaluations, planning meetings, questionnaires, interviews, professors and students debate forums on Moodle, all of which available on UFRGS’s web portal. The results point to that the curricular remodeling process provided some meaningful changes in the educational principles and the structural elements, such components are essential to the building of a new graduating pedagogical model of the Agronomist Engineer. It also innovated the curriculum structure which draws up the professional knowledge. Giving the data collected, we understand that the analyzed curricular settings fully contemplate and favor the formation of professionals, integrating technical and social education. The theoretical bases for this thesis were upon the contribution of various authors, e.g. Apple (1989); Bardin (2006); Flick (2009); Lopes (1999, 2004); Lüdke (1986); Minayo (2007, 2011); Moreira (1994, 1997); Nora (1993); Richardson (1989); Sacristán (2000); Santomé (1998); Silva (1993, 2005); Stenhouse (1987); Triviños (2009); Yin (2005).
Poussin, Jean Christophe. "Du diagnostic à l'action en agriculture. Activités, espaces et modèles." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Reims - Champagne Ardenne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00557709.
Full textPrévost, Philippe. "Le concept de régulation biologique et la formation professionnelle des agriculteurs : études didactiques." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10028.
Full textRousseaux, Sandrine. "Diversité taxonomique, génotypique et physiologique des souches bactériennes dégradant l'atrazine dans les sols : impacts d'apports de boues de station d'épuration et essai de bioremédiation." Dijon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOS006.
Full textGuezenoc, Julian. "AGROLIBS Spectroscopie de plasma induit par laser au service de la gestion durable des ressources agricoles." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0207.
Full textIn a context of global climate change, optimizing the management of agricultural resources, and in particular the mineral elements in soils, has become a major challenge. Mineral elements are at the same time indispensable resources for plant growth and carbon storage, potential pollutants in certain environmental compartments, and potentially toxic contaminants that can be transferred from plants to humans. Current methods for the determination of these elements are very costly in terms of time and money, and from an operational point of view, it is difficult in these conditions to carry out a frequent diagnosis in the field of a deficiency or contamination situation, or to characterize the spatio-temporal variability of the characteristics of an agricultural land.The recent emergence of portable sensors and systems has made it possible to develop new methods for measuring soil and plant properties and to complement or replace conventional laboratory techniques. This is the case of LIBS, a method of atomic emission spectroscopy from a laser-generated plasma, which is fast and green as it does not rely on the use of hazardous chemical reagents. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of the LIBS method, and more precisely of a portable instrument, applied to the quantitative multi-elemental analysis of plant and agricultural soil samples. The evaluation of this method takes into account the sample preparation and processing steps of LIBS spectra. It was implemented according to three axes: i. The characterization of plant samples of various species under ideal conditions, ii. The characterization of soil samples representative of the major French agricultural crops (wheat, corn, sunflower) always under ideal conditions and iii. The study of the impact of factors degrading the measurement conditions in order to evaluate the possibility of implementing the LIBS technique outside the laboratory.Our study, based on the use of the SciAps Z300 LIBS, allowed the detection of the elements C, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Si and P, concentrated in the g/kg range in soil and plant samples, both in laboratory conditions and in deliberately degraded conditions. On the other hand, neither nitrogen nor the elements Cd, Cu, Mn and Zn could be detected in these samples. For the analysis of plant samples, the elements Ca, Fe, Mg, Na, and P were quantified using univariate regression models coupled with an adapted normalization strategy. Quantitative soil analysis required the use of PLS models to account for matrix effects. As regards the analyses in degraded conditions, we established, using an experimental design, that the moisture content, higher than 40% in plants and 20% in soils was one of the main obstacles to LIBS field analyses. We also showed that the drop in LIBS signal observed when the moisture content increases could be corrected by applying a normalization step.The results of our study are partially satisfactory in terms of the quantitative performance of the regression models, even under ideal laboratory conditions. The diversity of physico-chemical conditions encountered in the field means that direct LIBS analyses are clearly not realistic. The principle of a field laboratory, with simplified sample preparation, could however be envisaged, in order to place the LIBS technique at the heart of new sampling strategies in the context of precision agriculture
Oba, Carlos Alberto Ikeda. "Utillisation des matériaux phosphatés marginaux pour la production des engrais organo-phosphatés." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT013C.
Full textEtienne, Audrey. "Quels Processus Physiologiques Pilotent l'Acidité de la Banane Dessert (sp. Musa) en Pré et Post Récolte? Modélisation Ecophysiologique et Analyse Expérimentale de l'Effet du Génotype et des Conditions de Croissance du Fruit." Phd thesis, Université des Antilles-Guyane, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00985304.
Full textBarbier, Guillaume. "Contribution de l'ingénierie dirigée par les modèles à la conception de modèles grande culture." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00914318.
Full textMoisan, Hervé. "Développement agricole et localités : chemin critique d'une pratique de recherche sociologique dans les territoires villageois de la plaine ouest des Vosges." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100160.
Full textThe author presents the results of research carried out in the Vosges area of eastern France, within the framework of a research unit of the INRA research department on agrarian systems and development (Versailles). The study deals with the cantons of Neufchâteau, Coussey, Bulgneville and Chatenois. The objective is to detect the local determinants responsible for the diversity of agricultural situations analyzed at different spatial levels (from farm fields to groups of villages) during seven research operations (1975-1987), in particular the follow up of the states' general of agricultural development. The work promotes a localist point of view which is set here against "delocalizing" theories in agronomy, rural economy and sociology, in order to investigate the articulation between farm development and village development using the concept of "local technical referential", of technical profile and of village trajectory. The major results are methodological. Three converging approaches are privileged: the systematic consideration of the representations local actors have of their territory; the articulation of social networks with the territory; the sociotechnical analysis of farming activity, which requires that sociologists work closely with agronomists on common objects (e. G. The fields)
Della, Rossa Pauline. "Conception collective d'organisations territoriales innovantes pour une évolution coordonnée de systèmes de production agricoles. Cas d’une réduction de la pollution herbicide d’une rivière en Martinique." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASA005.
Full textIn the West Indies, the climate is favorable for the growth of weeds and monocultures need chemical inputs, which increases the pesticide pressure. In Martinique, pollution by chemical molecules, via spatialized transfer mechanisms at the watershed scale, degrades the quality of river water. In this context, the thesis proposes an original collective design method to design innovative territorial organizations that coordinate changes in agricultural production systems, which reduce the concentration of herbicide in rivers.The approach is applied to a watershed polluted by herbicides and combines: a socio-technical system diagnosis, a phase of innovative design workshops inspired by the CK theory and a phase of evaluation of innovative concepts by simulation in a role-playing game. Innovations involve a spatial distribution of innovative techniques on the territory of the watershed and devices, facilities, organizations to ensure their success and sustainability. The thesis is in the fields of Landscape Agronomy and Innovative Design Agronomy
Depecker, Thomas. "La loi des tables : quantification du besoin alimentaire et réforme des conduites de vie XIXe-XXe siècles." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0004.
Full textThis doctoral thesis examines the social conditions of technologies transfer between the exploitation of livestock and the reform of the conducts of life. The case considered here is the quantification of dietary needs. The analysis of relationships between different fields shows how the quantification of physiological inputs and outputs, thought for the livestock enterprises in the early XIXth century, becomes employed in the governmentality of one's health. The quantification of dietary needs arises in the early XIXth century as a result of changes in agricultural accounting and livestock exploitation: the relations between diet and livestock products are then a simple relation between debits and credits. The "rational nutrition", which is the agricultural chemistry study about the optimization of cattle exploitation, is then integrated within companies making use of animal strength. Analyzing the positions of individuals at the interface of agricultural chemistry, medicine and public health, this doctoral thesis shows how the "rational nutrition" is also used in the administration of institutions during the second half of the XIXth century, and is finally presented to the entire population, in particular to the working class, as a principle of conduct of life, which leads individuals to view their body as a rational farmer is considering his cattle: as a capital. After showing how the quantification of dietary needs at this time is presented as a technique that everyone should apply to oneself, the doctoral thesis finally exposes the institution of "rational nutrition" as 5 technique dedicated to the monitoring of population during the Second World War
Lobreau, Daniel-Paul. "Pierre Joigneaux (1815-1892) ou la République en sabot." Lyon 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO20043.
Full textDelmotte, Sylvestre. "Evaluation participative de scénarios : quelles perspectives pour les systèmes agricoles camarguais ?" Phd thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00664304.
Full textMathieu, Bertrand. "Une démarche agronomique pour accompagner le changement technique. Cas de l'emploi du traitement herbicide dans les systèmes de culture à sorgho repiqué au Nord-Cameroun." Phd thesis, INAPG (AgroParisTech), 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001183.
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