Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Agroressources'
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Bazus, Anne. "Raffinage des agroressources : extraction et caractérisations des glucuronoxylanes des coques de tournesol." Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT004G.
Full textMakoumbou, Urbain. "Raffinage des agroressources la valorisation séquencée des sous produits de conserverie de maïs-doux /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376155721.
Full textMakoumbou, Urbain. "Raffinage des agroressources : la valorisation séquencée des sous-produits de conserverie de maïs doux." Toulouse, INPT, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPT024G.
Full textBennani, Anas. "Fractionnement des agroressources : valorisation des hémicelluloses extraites de Picea Abies par le procédé organocell." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT012G.
Full textDelgado, Christine. "L'électrophorèse capillaire : application et développement dans le domaine des industries agroalimentaires et des agroressources." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT026G.
Full textGrimi, Nabil. "Vers l'intensification du pressage industriel des agroressources par champs électriques pulsés : étude multi-échelles." Compiègne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009COMP1848.
Full textThis research project presents, first, the impact of pulsed electric fields (PEF) on cell structure and, secondly, the extraction of juice and intracellular compounds from biomaterials by pressing combined with PEF. The pressing is performed both at the laboratory and pilot scales. The analysis, development and technical validation of the innovative PEF technology are discussed for the extraction of juice and the quality improvement of the extract. Relations between PEF treatment, pressing methods, juice yield and extract characteristics are studied. The effect of PEF treatment (0. 1-8 kV/cm) on cell structure is studied for various fruits and vegetables (apples, grapes, carrots, beets, potatoes. . . ). Experiments are performed on whole products and fragmented products (slices). The optimization study of the electrical treatment is carried out by measuring the degree of cell membranes damage. Three methods based on conductivity, texture and acoustic measurements were used in order to estimate the degree of cell damage. Filtration and textural properties of tissues (beet, potatoes and grapes) are studied by using a texturometer equipped with a special compression system, and allowing the electrical treatment in situ. The analysis focused on the study of deformation, permeability and fragility of damaged tissue. Therefore, the fracture pressure and the coefficient of consolidation were determined. This study has shown that tissue deformation is more important when the degree of cell damage is high. On the other hand, for the grapes case, progressive pressure increase is better in terms of deformation of cell structure and thus extraction of juice. The extraction of juice and intracellular compounds by pressing is performed at the laboratory scale on batch presses with 40 to 1400 g of fresh material. This study has highlighted the qualitative and quantitative impacts of the PEF-pressing method. Experiments at the continuous pilot scale (belt press or screw press) with up to 360 kg/h of product confirmed the results observed at the laboratory scale: the juice yield increases from 4 to 54% (depending on the product) after PEF treatment. The physico-chemical analysis of extracted juice showed that PEF treatment of vegetable tissues increases extraction of valuable compounds (carotenoids from carrots and polyphenols from grapes and apples). A lower turbidity and a higher purity of sugar beet juice are obtained when PEF are applied to large size of slices
Sene, Mame Birame. "Chimie des agroressources : nouveaux procédés de synthèse de l'acide 2,5-furane dicarboxylique à partir de l'acide mucique." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT058G.
Full textVasseur, Alexandre. "Fonctionnalisation C-H d’hétérocycles dérivés de la biomasse : réactions pallado-catalysées de Heck déshydrogénantes." Thesis, Reims, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REIMS017/document.
Full textThis thesis describes Pd-catalyzed dehydrogenative Heck reactions of heteroarenes that could be derived from the biomass with electron-rich alkenes such as styrenes. The first chapter presents a new methodology enabling cross coupling dehydrogenative Heck Reactions of furans and thiophenes with styrenes under Mild conditions and discusses the Influence of the oxidizing agent on the reaction rate. The second chapter focuses on ESI-MS studies of the dehydrogenative Heck reactions of furans with acrylates using benzoquinone as reoxidant and DMSO as solvent. The presentation of a new methodology for aerobic dehydrogenative Heck reactions of heterocycles with styrenes and the explanation about the negative effect of metallic co-oxidants represent the third chapter
Tachon, Nadine. "Nouveaux types de liants routiers à hautes performances, à teneur en bitume réduite par addition de produits organiques issus des agroressources." Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00002719/01/tachon.pdf.
Full textBitumen and its use in road engineering have been studied to substitute flux oil by biomass byproducts. Adding vegetable oil emulsion stabilized by natrium oleat to hot bitumen enables bituminous binder foam expansion. By optimizing surfactant rate, water to oil ratio and water quantity, we formulated an emulsion allowing formation of bituminous foam and expansion ratio increase. This binder in foaming form, was used at a lower than 120°C temperature to prepare bituminous coatings or to reuse old bituminous coatings. The vegetable oil, part of the binder, should reactivate old bitumen. Some experiments carried out on old bituminous coatings have shown the potential of this new binder. An advanced analytical study with high resolution mass spectrometry have been carried out
Foret, Sylvain. "Etude d'un nouveau procédé de fractionnement des co-produits de fabrication de jambon sec et des propriétés physico-chimiques et fonctionnelles des extraits et raffinats." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0075/document.
Full textThe ham production by-product comes from the deboning of dressed, salted, dried and refined pork leg. It consists of more than 85% of bone and associated tissues (cartilage, ligaments, tendons). Hammer mill crushing allows homogenizing the by-product into pieces smaller than 8 cm (> 90% between 40 and 80 mm).Dry matter chemical composition of the blend; (77 ± 3% DM) is 33 ± 5% protein (89% collagen, 14% of watersoluble proteins, 6% free amino acid), 31 ± 3% lipids (triglycerides: 70% diglycerides: 3.5%; free fatty acids: 11%; saturated / unsaturated: 0.87; 24% C16: 0; 13% C18: 0; 2% C16: 1; 38% C18: 1; 4% C18: 2) and 26 ± 4% mineral matter (calcium phosphate 88%, 9% NaCl). Lipids and proteins aqueous extraction of the by-product is studied in an agitated contactor reactor. The solid raffinate was separated by hot filtration to an aggregate and the fat is separated by cold decantation.The study of the influence of main factors of the liquid / solid extraction (contact time: 30 to 90 min, temperature: 40 to 90 °C; ratio water / by-product: 4 to 10) through the implementation of an experimental design, highlights the effects of proteins dissolution and coagulation on lipid output and decantation as fat matter.By pilot scale implementation (64 kg of crushed by-product of dry-cured ham, 207 kg of water, 30 min at 90 ° C in agitated contactor), the aqueous fractionation process leads, by centrifugal filtration and drying, to a stable aggregate (yield: 59%; mineral matter: 41%; protein 43%; lipids: 16%), source of calcium phosphate (95% of the mineral) and gelatin or bone glue (88% collagenous protein).The decanted fat fraction (yield: 24%; lipids: 93%; triglycerides: 75%; diglycerides: 4% free fatty acids: 7%; saturated / unsaturated: 0.82%; 37% C16: 0; 15% C18: 0; 2% C16: 1; 44% C18: 1; 8% C18: 2) has the same physicochemical characteristics as lard, with an odor similar to that of dry-cured ham (19 identified aromatic VOC part of ham main flavors). The solubilized protein fraction, obtained as a lyophilized extract after concentration of the aqueous phase (yield: 8%; protein: 52% with 29% of free amino acids; mineral matter: 29%, with 90% NaCl, lipids: 3%), also contains sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs: 3.4%). These composition characteristics, associated with its thickening and gelling properties, adhesive and stabilizing for emulsion, transforms this minor fraction of the aqueous fractionation process of the dry-cured ham byproduct, in an high added value multiple applications extract (source of peptones for culture for fungi and yeasts, a natural and binding adhesive, ingredient for food nutraceutic and cosmetic formulation)
Rigal, Matthieu. "Fractionnement de fibres de biomasses herbacées endémiques ou cultivées dans une zone d'estuaire : Eco-conception de matériaux pour la construction." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INPT0028/document.
Full textThe fractionation of four Loire estuary herbaceous biomasses models, endemic or cultivated, have been studied for their agrofibre production potential and adapted for their use in composite materials for ecodesigned construction. Chemically and physicochemically characterized biomasses have been processed by three increasingly complex technologies: hammer-mill that provides transversal and radial longitudinal fragmentation, mechanical defibration orienting the constraints in radial and tangential longitudinal way, and thermomechanical defibration that provides a refining at the scale of elementary fibre. Hay of Swamps, a herbaceous model made of a mix of stem bearing leaves, endemic of mésohygrophile land, is a source of few lignified cellulo-hemicellulosic agrofibres (50/40/10 ratio cellulose/hemicelluloses/lignin) with a very high rate of water-soluble compounds (17 to 27% of DM), very hydrophilic (saturation liquid/solid ratio L/Ssat between 5.2 and 9.7), relatively thin (shape factor L/D >10) and small size (less than 5 cm) allowing mats with large density range (37 to 112 kg/m3) with good self-assembling properties. Rouche, a herbaceous model made of a mix of leaves with stem, endemic of hygrophile land, is a source of little lignified cellulo-hemicellulosic agrofibres (50/40/10 ratio) with a high rate of water-soluble compounds (16% de DM), hydrophilic (L/Ssat between 4.1 et 10.7), producing a large agrofibres morphology range, up to 13cm long and L/D to 100, and allowing mats with density of 32 to 121 kg/m3, with good self-assembling properties. Reed (Phragmites australis), stiff hollow stems model, endemic of low-marsh, is a source of highly lignified stiff agrofibres (50/30/20 ratio) with a low rate of water-soluble compound (6 to 8% of DM), thermostable up to 220°C and relatively little hydrophilic (L/Ssat= 3.4) if they are not too much destructured, producing only short agrofibres (less than 5 cm) with low thinness (L/D <15). Yellow and white sweet clovers stem (Melilotus officinalis and Melilotus alba), secondary growth dicotyledon able to be cultivated on estuary land, provides two kinds of agrofibre. The first kind is stem cortex extractable long agrofibres, flexible and primarily cellulosic (75/15/10 ratio) up to 16cm long (L/D>100 and allowing light mat with density of 38 to 42 kg/m3. The second kind is secondary xylem extractable macroporous short and stiff agrofibres, highly lignified (ratio 65/15/20), with a very low rate of water-soluble compounds (2 to 3% of DM), and little hydrophilic (L/Ssat between 2.5 and 2.8). A new extraction process of long (from decimetric to centimetric length), short (from centimetric to millimetric length), and ultra-short (from millimetric to micrometric length) agrofibres had been developed. Selected agrofibres are processed with casein glue in low density agrocomposites such as insulating material (40 to 82 mW/m*K and sound reduction factor between 0.18 to 1.2 dB(A)/mm) ; with bones glue in high density agrocomposites such as particle board and fibreboard (D until 1.3 g/cm3, Eflexion until 3.9 GPa et σmax flexion until 39 MPa) ; thus with a recyclable thermoplastic matix (PP+PPMA) loaded until 40% of agrofibres, having a tensile and flexure mechanical strength almost 5 time higher. In parallel the sweet clover seeds had been characterized, and demonstrate to be rich in proteins (31 to 32% of DM) and to have a great potential in being water-extractable (34 to 36% of DM) containing, among other, galactomannans. The refining of this agroresources has been undertaken in the development of new binding materials for agrocomposites
Garin, Matthieu. "Synthèse et étude des propriétés physico-chimiques des poly(butylène succinate)s linéaire et branché." Thesis, Reims, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REIMS014/document.
Full textPoly(butylene succinate) (PBS) is a biodegradable aliphatic polyester whose properties make it a promising polymer for the replacement of polyolefins. Moreover, its two monomers, succinic acid and 1,4-butanediol, can be produced via a fermentation process of sugars. This study has been separated into two great parts: linear PBS on the one hand and branched PBS on the other hand. In the first part, kinetics of the PBS synthesis showed a good agreement with the esterification model of Flory. We determined some fundamental parameters of PBS like critical molecular weight of entanglement, the rubbery plateau modulus, the energy of activation of melt PBS and parameters of the Mark-Houwink-Sakurada relationship. We have also realized a study on the influence of the molecular weight on the thermal properties of PBS. Finally, we constructed the potential energy profile of the esterification between succinic acid and 1,4-butanediol through a quantum chemistry study. The second part dealt with the study of branched PBS in the presence of biosourced polyols like castor oil, glycerol and polyglycerol. These syntheses were realized between an acid-functionalized PBS oligomer and the branching agents. We put forward the relationships between the structure, determined by SEC-Triple Detection, and the physicochemical properties of branched PBS in presence of castor oil. Syntheses of branched PBS in presence of glycerol or polyglycerol were optimized with design of experiments technique. Promising and similar results from the literature were obtained in the case of branched PBS in presence of glycerol compared to the method of “one parameter at a time”
Bassard, David. "Méthodologie de prédiction et d’optimisation du potentiel méthane de mélanges complexes en co-digestion." Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2175/document.
Full textThe co-digestion of agro-industrial substrates in anaerobic conditions falls within the objectives of an optimized management of agricultural resources along with reduction of anthropogenic impacts and development of renewable energies. Considering scientific and industrial bottlenecks from literature review, it could be identified that a methodological approach was the key to an enhanced understanding of anaerobic co-digestion. Ultimately, formulation of the substrate and co-substrates (digestor’s inputs) appeared to be the main actuator to optimize anaerobic co-digestion. Conciliating both scientific and industrial issues, this thesis led to the following findings : (i) an implementation of simple and cost-saving methods to characterize the inputs of digestor and biogas production, (ii) a determination of fundamental relationship between substrate blend and his biomethane potential, (iii) a development of predictive tools for biomethane potential of substrate blends as well as global and specific biodegradability of substrates, (iv) an enhanced comprehension of first, interactions between codigested substrates and the microbial consortium and second, the adaptation capacity of the microbial consortium to various organic loading (homeostatic capacity)
Freville, Vianney. "Caractérisation et évaluation des performances de nouveaux solvants synthétisés à partir d'agroressources." Compiègne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011COMP1964.
Full textSolvents are essential products in many fields of applications. However, their use is now prohibited because they mostly derive from petroleum and they are toxic to health and the environment. Therefore, currently, eco-responsible technologies are developed to replace these compounds. Among these alternatives, agrosolvents represent one of the most important ways to substitute petrochemical solvents. They are produced by at least one part of renewable raw materials and they are eco-friendly (non-VOC, biodegradable, non-toxic and non eco-toxic). In this context, this thesis is part of the AGROSOLVANT project, supported by the Region Picardie and the Region Champagne-Ardenne and accredited by the world-scale competitive cluster Industries and Agro-Resssources (IAR). The objective of the project is to substitute solvents derived from petroleum by new green solvents derived from renewable resources, in order to use them in two different applications: degreasing and agrochemical formulations. This work is dealing with the evaluation of properties and performances of agrosolvents synthesized from agricultural products which allow the valorization of biofuels co-products (glycerol, amyl alcohols) and the fermentative succinic acid production. The study is structured around a substitution process in order to examine the physico-chemical properties, the solvent power and the application performances of the molecules. At each step, a comparison is made with petrochemical solvents. In the context of substitution, the last part concerns agrosurfactant aqueous solutions and focuses on the physico-chemical mechanisms involved in aqueous degreasing processes
Magniont, Camille. "Contribution à la formulation et à la caractérisation d'un écomatériau de construction à base d'agroressources." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/980/.
Full textThe main aim of this work was to contribute to the development of an innovative building material that complies with legislations and users actual requirements concerning environmental and health impacts as well as thermal or hygroscopic comfort. An original pozzolanic matrix has been formulated while conventional admixtures, reinforcement fibres and aggregates were substituted by renewable raw materials. Hardening mechanisms and long term behaviour of that binder (mix of metakaolin and hydraulic lime) have been explored. The benefits of incorporating two organic admixtures on early age properties and long term behaviour of the pozzolanic binder have been explained by the identification of interaction mechanisms between mineral and organic species. A comparative study has been realised on flexural reinforcement of this matrix by vegetable fibres of flax, hemp and yucca and on the durability of these different composites. Finally, the compatibility of this matrix with vegetable aggregates (hemp chènevotte and sunflower stem pith) has been checked and demonstrated in order to formulate self-supporting insulation ecomaterial
Tachon, Nathalie. "Nouveaux types de liants routiers à hautes performances, à teneur en bitume réduite par addition de produits organiques issus des agroressources." Phd thesis, 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/11548/1/tachon.pdf.
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