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Kotkar, Geeta R. "Automated Guided Vehicle." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 6 (2025): 525–31. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.71864.
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Abstract: Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) are autonomous robots designed to navigate structured environments using sensory and control systems. This paper presents the design and development of a line-following AGV, incorporating infrared sensors, ultrasonic sensors, and a microcontroller-based control system. The AGV is capable of detecting and following a predefined path while dynamically adapting to obstacles and environmental variations. The study explores key technologies, including sensor fusion, path-planning algorithms, and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control, to enhance navigation accuracy. The implementation of AGVs in industrial automation, logistics, and commercial applications highlights their efficiency in reducing manual labor and improving material handling processes. Despite challenges in unstructured environments, advancements in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and real-time path adjustment are enhancing AGV adaptability. This research contributes to the growing field of autonomous robotics by addressing AGV limitations and exploring future trends in automation and intelligent transportation systems
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Hasan, Hameedah Sahib. "Automated Guided Vehicle, Routing and algorithms." Science Proceedings Series 1, no. 2 (2019): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/sps.v1i2.562.
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The routing problem of Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) targets to discovery the shortest path between two station. AGV is used widly in transporting sysrems. Earily it used in static routing (pre-defined routes), which follow fixed line. Instead of using fixed path, there is another type which is dynamic routing can use to add a high flexibility to the system.To accommodate the increased flexibility and reduce time. In this paper, routing of AGV is introduced. Different AGV shortest path algorithms are presented with highlights their main differences between them. Furthermore, AGV routing in real time using local position system (LPS) wthin labview environment is achived.
 Keywords: AGV; Dynamic Routing; Shortest Path Algorithm; local position system ____________________________________________________________________
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Pradhan, S. K., Amit Kumar, and A. N. Sinha. "Some Analysis of Automated Guided Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 2225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.2225.
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AGV is mostly used in industrial application to move material around manufacturing facility. Here assembling of AGV is done by using components like chassis, wheels, wiper motors, gear motor, LED sensors, tactile sensor, actuators etc. AGV is designed with the help of electrical design of sensors which are used to control AGV during operation when it is moved on guided path. AGV design was modelled and simulated using catiaV5 software .Design was modelled and drawing preparation was done using catiaV5.Static analysis was done for stress using catiaV5 .Here principal stresses at different point were obtained having different deflection .Graphs are plotted for principal stress verses deflection and Navigation performance of AGV uses electric motor .Thus AGV is used to pick up the object with proper gripping system. A navigation system has been developed using sensors. AGV contains software and hardware components and is primarily used for material handling in industries. Static analysis was done for stress using catiaV5. Graphs are plotted for principal stress vs. deflection. The same analysis can be done for different material depending on loading condition. Stress analysis concept can be used to study dynamic analysis. Optimization of AGV can be possible by using different material. To evaluate the performance simulations were conducted using catiaV5 maintaining a constant setup inputs all over. IndexTerms:Catia,navigation,optimization
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MR., BHARAT LATAKE, V.V. POTDAR PROF., ABHIJIT BELUNKE MR., GORAKHNATH GOSAVI MR., and SAGAR MANGRULE MR. "AUTOMATED GUIDED VEHICLE." IJIERT - International Journal of Innovations in Engineering Research and Technology NITET-18 (March 17, 2018): 52. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1451532.
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<strong><strong> </strong>High demands on manufacturers have left their shipping warehouses in havoc. Human error has a negative effect on safety,efficiency,and quality. These expenses are reduced with the introduction of an Automated Guided Vehicle,AGV. A driverless,intelligent forklift uses an optical path to quickly and safely traverse a warehouse. Its Capabilities are enhanced by the ability to send and receive tasks through RF data communication. The project designer was highly skilled in the �C� and �C++� language and had to make adjustment to his coding techniques to adjust for inadequacies in the compiler</strong> <strong>https://www.ijiert.org/paper-details?paper_id=141234</strong>
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S. Aravintha Kumar, R. Surya Vignesh, P. Subash Chandru, and S. Wesley Moses Samdoss. "Automated Guided Vehicle with Swarm Robotics." International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering Hub (IRJAEH) 3, no. 04 (2025): 1268–73. https://doi.org/10.47392/irjaeh.2025.0179.
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This research outlines the creation and execution of an Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) system aimed at improving cold chain logistics within small and medium-sized dairy enterprises in rural Tamilnadu. The AGV system is structured in a master-slave configuration, wherein a manually operated master AGV directs several autonomous slave AGVs to effectively transport dairy products from production facilities to cold storage units. By applying principles of swarm robotics, the system reduces the need for manual labor, enhances inventory management, and guarantees accurate deliveries, all while lowering operational expenses. The AGV is outfitted with sophisticated navigation features, allowing for safe operation in dynamic warehouse settings and the ability to circumvent obstacles. Empirical testing has revealed notable advancements in efficiency, cost savings, and the reliability of the cold chain. This study elaborates on the design, implementation, and trans-formative effects of the AGV system on dairy supply chain logistics.
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Pham, Quang Ha, Ngoc Huy Tran, and Thien Phuong Ton. "Design and Control of Automated Guided Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 902 (September 2020): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.902.33.
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Autonomous Guided Vehicles (AGV) have the ability to operate on their own, perform tasks without human intervention. However, the investment cost is very high, so it is not suitable for countries with cheap workers like Vietnam. Therefore, this article will aim to build a complete AGV model that can move to the given coordinates. Model of AGV is 6-wheeled vehicles driven by 4 engines with the advantage of good movement in soft terrain, subsidence, ruggedness, slope, easy to balance and limit the vibration. Furthermore, we propose a method to improve the quality of the traditional A* algorithm by eliminating unnecessary intermediate points, which is Shortcut Path Reduction (SPR). Experimental results show that the vehicle can perform the bending technique, following straight lines and broken lines. Besides, the SPR not only met the requirements but also reduced the length of the journey.
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Saefudin, Encu, Noviyanti Nugraha, and Helsa Yuliyawati Yosman. "Rancang Bangun Omni Wheel Pada Forklift Automated Guided Vehicle." Jurnal Rekayasa Energi dan Mekanika 3, no. 1 (2023): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/jrem.v3i1.32.
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ABSTRAK Perkembangan Forklift saat ini dilengkapi dengan Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) merupakan suatu alat angkut otomatis yang dapat berjalan di sepanjang jalur yang telah ditentukan. AGV dikontrol oleh kombinasi perangkat lunak berbasis sensor, sebagai dampak dari revolusi industri 4.0. Secara umum, forklift Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) menggunakan roda standar untuk bergerak secara non-holonomik. Pada jenis model ini, gerakannya terbatas dan hanya dapat bergerak dalam beberapa arah yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya. Meskipun dapat mencapai setiap lokasi di dalam ruangan, namun membutuhkan manuver dan perencanaan jalan yang kompleks, untuk mengatasi hal tersebut diperlukan Omni Wheels. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merancang model Omni Wheel pada forklift AGV berdasarkan bentuk, pembebanan, gerak yang diterima, dan pola gerakan yang dihasilkan, merakit model Omni Wheel pada forklift AGV terhadap chassis dan komponen yang akan dipasang sesuai dengan rancangan serta menguji model Omni Wheel pada forklift AGV secara dimensional dan fungsional. Penelitian ini berhasil menghasilkan model roda Omni yang mampu bergerak dalam 10 arah dengan kapasitas menahan beban hingga 750 gram. Model ini membutuhkan torsi minimum sebesar 294,1995 N.mm dan memiliki dimensi chassis P × L × T: 200 mm×200 mm×30 mm. Kata Kunci: Omni Wheel, Forklift AGV, Holonomic, Solid Works, ABSTRACT The development of forklift is currently equipped with an Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) which is an automatic conveyance that can run along a predetermined path. AGV is controlled by a combination of sensor-based software, as a result of the industrial revolution 4.0. In general, Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) forklifts use standard wheels to move non-holonomic ally. In this type of model, movement is limited and can only move in a few predetermined directions. Although it can reach every location in the room, it requires complex maneuvers and road planning, to overcome this, Omni Wheels are needed. The purpose of this research is to design the Omni Wheel model on the AGV forklift based on the shape, loading, motion received, and the resulting movement pattern, assemble the Omni Wheel model on the AGV forklift against the chassis and components to be installed in accordance with the design and test the Omni Wheel model on the AGV forklift dimensionally and functionally. This research successfully produced an Omni wheel model capable of moving in 10 directions with a load-bearing capacity of up to 750 grams. This model requires a minimum torque of 294.1995 N.mm and has chassis dimensions of P × L × T: 200 mm×200 mm×30 mm.Keywords: Omni Wheel, Forklift AGV, Holonomic, Solid works.
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Kato, Shigeru, and Kok Wai Wong. "Intelligent Automated Guided Vehicle Controller with Reverse Strategy." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 15, no. 3 (2011): 304–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2011.p0304.
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This paper describes the intelligent Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) control system using Fuzzy Rule Interpolation (FRI) method. The AGV used in this paper is a virtual vehicle simulated using computer. The purpose of the control system is to control the simulated AGV by moving along the given path towards a goal. Some obstacles can be placed on or near the path to increase the difficulties of the control system. The intelligent AGV should follow the path by avoiding these obstacles. This system consists of two fuzzy controllers. One is the original FRI controller that mainly controls the forward movement of the AGV. Another one is the proposed reverse movement controller that deals with the critical situation. When the original FRI controller faces the critical situation, our proposed reverse controller will control the AGV to reverse and move forward towards the goal. Our proposed reverse controller utilizes the advantage of FRI method. In our system, we also develop a novel switching system to switch from original to the developed reverse controller.
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Tubis, Agnieszka A., Honorata Poturaj, and Anna Smok. "Interaction between a Human and an AGV System in a Shared Workspace—A Literature Review Identifying Research Areas." Sustainability 16, no. 3 (2024): 974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16030974.
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Background: This article presents the results of a literature review from 2018 to 2023, which focused on research related to human and AGV system cooperation in a shared workspace. This study defines AGV systems as systems using Automated Guided Vehicles or Autonomous Guided Vehicles. An Automated Guided Vehicle is a cart that follows a guided path, while an Autonomous Guided Vehicle is an Automated Guided Vehicle that is autonomously controlled. The analyses conducted answered two research questions: (RQ1) In what aspects are the human factor examined in publications on the implementation and operation of AGV systems? (RQ2) Has the human-AGV collaboration aspect been analyzed in the context of a sustainable work environment? Methods: The literature review was conducted following the systematic literature review method, using the PRISMA approach. Results: Based on the search of two journal databases, according to the indicated keywords, 1219 documents pertaining to the analyzed issues were identified. The selection and elimination of documents that did not meet the defined criteria made it possible to limit the number of publications to 117 articles and proceedings papers. On this basis, the authors defined a classification framework comprising five basic research categories and nine subcategories. The analyzed documents were classified, and each distinguished group was characterized by describing the results. Conclusions: The development of a two-level classification framework for research from the analyzed area according to the assumptions of the concept map and the identification of research gaps in the area of human-AGV interaction.
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Susilo, Ivan Hendrayanta. "Algoritma Koordinasi untuk Prototipe Automated Guided Vehicle." Jurnal Teknik Elektro 12, no. 2 (2020): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/jte.12.2.39-44.
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Automated Guided Vehicle adalah robot beroda yang berjalan dengan panduan. Robot AGV biasa diperintahkan untuk melakukan pembawaan barang dari suatu tempat ke tempat tertentu. Sistem ini menggunakan dua buah robot AGV yang saling berkoordinasi melalui server sehingga tidak terjadi tabrakakn. Tujuan pengambilan barang robot diperintahkan melalui sebuah smartphone dan server akan memerintah robot untuk berjalan hingga mencapai tujuan yang diperintahkan. Penggunaan algoritma Wavefront pada server dapat membantu robot dalam pencarian rute menuju tujuan dengan keberhasilan 100%. Proses transfer data oleh robot mengalami delay 1 hingga 2 detik. Kecepatan robot 1 dan menggunakan 20 cm/detik dengan keberhasilan robot 1 sebesar 100% dan robot 2 91,7%. Penggunaan 3 buah sensor ultrasonic masih terdapat blindspot.
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R, Aditya. "Hassle - Free Load Carrying Using Automated Guided Vehicle." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 04 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem29935.
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In today's rapidly evolving world, where efficiency and sustainability are paramount, businesses are seeking technologies that not only save time and drive profits but also align with their sustainable goals. In response to this demand, a prototype of an Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) is developed.AGVs are versatile robotic platforms designed to navigate predefined paths while handling heavy loads of materials. The AGV system addresses these needs by utilizing cost-effective RFID tags and an RFID reader for efficient load tracking and navigation. Additionally, it incorporates two infrared (IR) sensors for path detection, an L298N motor driver for precise motor control, an Arduino microcontroller as the central processing unit, and an HC-05 Bluetooth module for wireless communication.By integrating these components, along with feedback control loops and path planning algorithms, The AGV is observed to be an efficient load carrier and can navigate reliably in dynamic environments. Above all, this solution not only saves time and enhances profitability but also promotes sustainability by optimizing resource utilization and minimizing manual intervention. Key Words: AGV(Automated Guided Vehicle),RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) tags, RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)reader, IR sensors, L298N Motor driver, Microcontroller.
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Suparjon, Suparjon. "Evaluation of Layout Design, Operation and Maintenance of Multi Automated Systems Guided Vehicles (AGV): A Review." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Technologies and Applications 3, no. 1 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/mechta.2022.003.01.1.
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<p>Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) is a type of vehicle that is driverless and is programmed to run on a predetermined route to transfer loads. Thus, the aim of this work is to improve the layout, operation, and maintenance. the results of these objectives explain that many are used in AGV systems for modern material handling due to the ability of this technology to increase the efficiency and productivity of the system and reduce human labor. Flow paths or layouts are fixed guided routes where vehicles can travel to various points of collection and delivery of cargo. Avoiding collision and deadlock situations, traffic management is required. To prevent physical collisions and obstacles in the path, sensors must be installed AGV. Automatic vehicle maintenance, we must remain vigilant when the AGV is operating, therefore we are very wary of accidents, as explained above that autonomous car will be programmed to follow the flow path rules and reduce the number of accidents but apply to the safety of the driver and look for situations which is less dangerous. After analyzing the situation and doing so choose the best option. Thus, the maintenance of the AGV must be intensive so that automotive vehicle accidents cannot occur again.</p>
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Arsy Ananta, Mohammad, Amperawan Amperawan, and Masayu Anisah. "Implementasi Metode Waypoint pada Sistem Navigasi Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV)." Journal of Comprehensive Science (JCS) 3, no. 12 (2024): 5697–721. https://doi.org/10.59188/jcs.v3i12.2922.
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In the manufacturing and logistics industry, operational efficiency is key to increasing productivity and reducing operational costs. One technological innovation that plays an important role is the use of Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) equipped with GPS-based navigation systems. This research aims to implement a GPS navigation system on AGVs using the waypoint method with a focus on improving movement accuracy and vehicle route optimisation. The waypoint method is used to determine the coordinate points of the destination that must be reached by the AGV. Tests were conducted on several movement scenarios, which included setting waypoints on the trajectory. The test results show that the developed navigation system is able to reduce distance deviation and improve the consistency of AGV movement towards predetermined waypoints. In the first test, the AGV successfully reduced the deviation from 9 metres to 3 metres, demonstrating the system's ability to gradually adjust the position. The second and third tests also showed significant deviation reduction, reinforcing the reliability of this method in varied environments. The conclusion of this research is that the integration of GPS technology with the waypoint method is effective in improving AGV performance for applications in the manufacturing and logistics industries.
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Zhang, Jie, Yuntao Peng, William N. N. Hung, Xiaojuan Li, Jindong Tan, and Zhiping Shi. "A Case Study on Formal Analysis of an Automated Guided Vehicle System." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/327465.
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This paper considers a hybrid I/O automata model for an automated guided vehicle (AGV) system. A set of key properties of an AGV system are characterized for the correctness of the system. An abstract model is constructed from the hybrid automata model to simplify the proof of the constraints. The two models are equivalent in terms of bisimulation relation. We derive the constraints to ensure the correctness of the properties. We validate the system by analyzing the parameters of the constraints of the AGV system.
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Dr., A. K. Madan, Kumar Bavoria Rehan, and Vaibhav. "Improvement in the security systems of AGV to prevent GPS spoofing." International Journal of Research in Aeronautical and Mechanical Engineering 9, no. 11 (2021): 32–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5702885.
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Autonomous Guided Vehicles (AGV’s) are one of the critical enabling engineering marvel technologies of today, developed for manufacturing ease. They are used to do dangerous, and a few impossible works that cannot be done by humans. This paper will focus on the changes to be made in the Security systems of a GPS enabled Automated Guided Vehicle to prevent any kind of Data breaches or interferences in the GPS signals which could lead to a false signal location to the receiver, which is known as GPS spoofing, as well as Improvement in the AI (ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE) making an autonomous guided vehicle a voice automated guided vehicle. As defined in the paper later that AGV’s today are mostly track bound, which comes with its limitations. So, an AGV with a GPS-controlled motion will be able to move freely without any constraints, meaning more work could be done out of them. This paper works on this futuristic approach and its problems related to GPS spoofing which could lead to hazardous outcomes. And providing a voice-enabled microcontroller means ease of accessibility of this freely moving AGV doing its job just as an employee in a manufacturing plant. This paper aims to evoke discussion and elucidate the current research opportunities in the field of AGV’s and to identify various problems in the security systems linked with an AGV and, suggest improvision.
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Hendra, Wahyudi. "Perancangan Mode Trajectory Tracking Control Pada AGV “Nubotic” Menggunakan PID-Based Odometry." Nucleus Journal 2, no. 1 (2023): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32492/nucleus.v2i1.2103.
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AGV (Automated Guided Vehicle) adalah salah satu jenis Material Handling Equipment (MHE) yang berfokus pada proses mentransfer barang dari satu tempat ke tempat lain terutama di sektor industri. AGV (automated guided vehicle) adalah robot kendaraan terpandu yang sering sekali di pakai pada lembaga kesehatan seperti puskesmas dan rumah sakit, yang berguna untuk memindahkan barang dari satu tempat ke tempat lainnya. Salah satu fungsi dari AGV yang dibuat pada skripsi ini yaitu pemanfaatan robot AGV “nobotic” pada saat AGV memindahkan barang secara otomatis, dimana robot AGV ini akan mensesuaikan berat dari benda tersebut menjadi torsi dan kecepatan yang berubah-ubah sehingga barang logistik akan dibawa secara aman tanpa mengalami goncagan atau benturan sehingga benda dapat digunakan secara maksimal.
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Kurniawan, Tomi, and Risfendra Risfendra. "Pemetaan 2D Indoor menggunakan Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) dengan LiDAR." JTEIN: Jurnal Teknik Elektro Indonesia 4, no. 1 (2023): 169–78. https://doi.org/10.24036/jtein.v4i1.373.
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AGV dibuat untuk proses produksi terhindar dari human error dengan keuntungan fleksibelitas dan pergerakan yang mudah. Jalur pemandu AGV pada umumnya dibuat berbentuk garis hitam dan juga terdapat RFID, hal tersebut membuat AGV tersebut tidak efektif dan merusak pemandangan ruangan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membentuk suatu peta yang diketahui oleh robot dan tidak merusak pemandangan ruangan dengan menggunakan sensor LiDAR dan metode SLAM. Dengan menggunakan metode experimental untuk pengujian kelayakan LiDAR pada area sebesar 220 x 110 cm serta metode try-and-error untuk menemukan algoritma pemetaan yang tepat pada laboratorium sebesar 11.74 x 7.85 m. Penelitian ini menemukan error rata-rata antara pengukuran aktual dengan pengukuran pada sistem dengan menghasilkan error pada uji experimental sebesar 0.12% sedangkan pada pembuatan peta sebesar 0.23% dengan pemanfaatan metode Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) dengan optimalisasi framework Robotic Operation System (ROS). Hasil ini menunjukkan AGV dengan membawa LiDAR mampu membentuk peta dengan akurat pada area yang belum diketahui.
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Arsy Ananta, Mohammad, Amperawan, and Masayu Anisah. "Implementasi Metode Waypoint Pada Sistem Navigasi Automated Guided Vehicle (Agv)." Lentera: Multidisciplinary Studies 3, no. 2 (2025): 564–74. https://doi.org/10.57096/lentera.v3i2.138.
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Dalam industri manufaktur dan logistik, efisiensi operasional menjadi kunci utama untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan mengurangi biaya operasional. Salah satu inovasi teknologi yang berperan penting adalah penggunaan Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) yang dilengkapi dengan sistem navigasi berbasis GPS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengimplementasikan sistem navigasi GPS pada AGV menggunakan metode waypoint dengan fokus pada peningkatan akurasi pergerakan dan optimasi rute kendaraan. Metode waypoint digunakan untuk menentukan titik-titik koordinat tujuan yang harus dicapai oleh AGV. Pengujian dilakukan pada beberapa skenario pergerakan, yang mencakup pengaturan waypoint pada lintasan. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan penurunan deviasi jarak yang signifikan seiring dengan pengujian yang dilakukan. Pada pengujian pertama, deviasi berhasil berkurang dari 9 meter menjadi 3 meter, menunjukkan adanya penyesuaian posisi yang efektif. Pengujian kedua dan ketiga juga menunjukkan penurunan deviasi lebih lanjut, dengan hasil yang konsisten dan memperkuat keandalan sistem dalam berbagai skenario pergerakan. Secara keseluruhan, setiap pengujian menunjukkan peningkatan akurasi dan konsistensi pergerakan AGV menuju waypoint yang telah ditentukan.
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Ahmad, Shafeek, Che Fai Yeong, Eileen Lee Ming Su, and Swee Ho Tang. "Improvement of Automated Guided Vehicle Design Using Finite Element Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 607 (July 2014): 317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.607.317.
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Automated Guided Vehicle is a mobile robot used in various industries to transfer goods and materials from one place to another in the industrial compound such as production line and warehouses. Due to the payload it should carry, the design should be able to handle certain level of mechanical stress. The optimization study is important to assure the material and design is safe an optimum under the specified conditions before the AGV is manufactured. In this study, a conventional AGV designed previously by an AGV manufacturer to bring a payload of 70 kg is analyzed using the Finite Element Method (FEM) and SolidWorks software is used to do the FEA simulation. This paper also explain on how the factor of safety for the AGV is derived. The parameter change in this study were the thickness of the sheet metal used to build the AGV while the study output is the stress level, factor of safety and weight of the AGV.
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Kumar, N., A. Agrawal, R. Singh, and Ankur. "AGV Control using Voice Command." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1285, no. 1 (2024): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1285/1/012023.
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Abstract Automated guided vehicles (AGV) have applications in various fields ranging from the process industry to many more. AGV has its history from the early 50s to till date. However, it’s been gone through several modifications in structure, design, and techniques. In its simple form, it completes its task using navigation. This paper aims to give a review of the various technological advancements in the field of Automated Guided Vehicle in the past few years. In this review, various navigational techniques and structural designs have been addressed. The various techniques of navigation have been studied and are used by various manufacturers in the world. The review includes the various structure of AGV which is currently in use in the market. In addition to this, the voice recognition technique has also been addressed.
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Margaret, K. S., G. Sathish Kumar, J. Narendiran, and M. Raman. "PLC Based Sub-Assembly Station with Automated Guided Vehicle." International Journal of Emerging Research in Management and Technology 6, no. 7 (2018): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijermt.v6i7.221.
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The aim of the project is to build an assembly station with the preventive section under the process of poke yoke system. Poke yoke is the general methodology following in industry to avoid mismatching product in assembly stations. The main aim of this project is to avoid assembling process when the sequential procedure is not followed. The project also deals with AGV – Automatic Guided Vehicle. It automatically shifts the assembling components from store room to work station when the count of components decreases in storage bin. When the material count in the storage bins reaches the preset count it will pass signal to store room, the components will be filled manually in AGV storage bins and then the AGV is moved to the destination point (work station).
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Zajac, Jerzy, Grzegorz Chwajoł, Tomasz Wiek, Krzysztof Krupa, Waldemar Małopolski, and Adam Słota. "Automated Guided Vehicle System for Work-in-Process Movement." Solid State Phenomena 196 (February 2013): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.196.181.
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The paper presents an automated guided vehicle transportation subsystem used for work-in-process movement, built at the Production Engineering Institute of Cracow University of Technology. It describes design and operational parameters of built vehicles as well as the principles of integration of AGV control subsystem with the AIM multi-agent manufacturing control system. Furthermore, results of the verification of applied path-finding, anti-collision and anti-deadlock algorithms are included.
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Kurniawan, Ainul Septian, Setya Permana Sutisna, Roy Waluyo, and Tika Hafzara Siregar. "PENGUJIAN BEBAN DAYA MOTOR ROBOT AGV (AUTOMATED GUIDED VEHICLE) UNTUK PEMINDAH BARANG." ALMIKANIKA 3, no. 4 (2022): 16–25. https://doi.org/10.32832/almikanika.v3i4.6895.
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ABSTRAK AGV (Automated Guided Vehicle) adalah suatu robot berbasis kontroller yang dikembangkan untuk mempermudah pekerjaan manusia dalam mendistribusi barang dari suatu tempat ke tempat yang dituju. Dalam penelitian ini, motor listrik menggunakan tipe motor DC dengan. torsi motor 70 kg/cm atau 6,865 Nm. Dalam penelitian ini difokuskan untuk melakukan pengujian daya motor dalam mengangkut beban. Dari hasil perhitungan hubungan antara daya, kecepatan dan torsi serta pengujian maka diperoleh beban maksimal yang dapat diangkut oleh robot adalah 52 kg / 520 N , jika di asumsikan tanpa beban adalah 12 kg / 120 N (berat rangakaian) sinyal pwm dengan jumlah pulsa 240 atau dengan kecepatan motor 99,5 RPM. Kata kunci : AGV (Automated Guided Vehicle), Motor DC, PWM ABSTRACT AGV (Automated Guided Vehicle) is a controller-based robot developed to facilitate human work in distributing goods from one place to another. In this study, the electric motor uses a DC motor type with. motor torque 70 kg/cm or 6.865 Nm. In this study focused on testing the motor power in carrying loads. From the calculation of the relationship between power, speed and torque as well as testing, it is obtained that the maximum load that can be transported by the robot is 52 kg / 520 N, assuming no load is 12 kg / 120 N (series weight) pwm signal with the number of pulses 240 or with a motor speed of 99.5 RPM. Keywords : AGV (Automated Guided Vehicle), DC Motor, PWM
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Zhang, Xin, Hao Zhou, and Guo Song Liu. "Design of the Automatic Guided Vehicle Control System Applied to Automotive Logistics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.381.
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In order to improve the efficiency of auto parts distribution logistics, to lower the cost of auto production in transportation logistics, and to reduce accidents, in this paper it is designed that an automatic guided vehicle control system to replace the manned tractors in the distribution sites. The system is equipped with an infrared homing device that can ensure the automated guided vehicle (AGV) along a predetermined route automatic driving at a given distribution information, without the needs to manually guided. Test results show that the circuit performance of AGV control system is stable to ensure the accuracy of the tracking in the practical application, and the mean absolute error of the tracking is less than 0.04m.
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Long, Jing, and Chun Liang Zhang. "The Summary of AGV Guidance Technology." Advanced Materials Research 591-593 (November 2012): 1625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.591-593.1625.
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AGV is short for automated guided vehicle. AGV is unmanned automated guided carriage car equipped with a non-contact guidance with microcontroller as controlling core and battery as power. The basic functions of the AGV are driving automated, recognizing the site to stop and transfering loads. AGV has been more widely used, because it is a key equipment of flexible manufacturing systems and an important mean of modern logistics systems. Guidance technology is the most critical core technology in AGV system. In this paper the author consult a lot of relevant books and mainly compares principle of a variety of AGV navigation technologies ,analyzes the advantages and disadvantages and forecast the trend of the agv guidance technology development in the future so that relevant researchers can do further research.
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Wardani, Annisa Ayu, and Zendi Iklima. "Rancang Bangun Automated Guided Vehicle Menggunakan Metode PID Zeigler Nichols." Jurnal Teknologi Elektro 13, no. 1 (2022): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/jte.2022.v13i1.002.
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Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) merupakan sebuah alat yang berfungsi untuk mendistribusikan barang dari suatu tempat ke tempat lain. Penghubung antar station menggunakan jalur garis berwarna hitam. Robot AGV terdiri atas sensor infra merah sebagai umpan balik PID, mikrokontroler sebagai pengolah data serta menjalankan alogaritma PID dan motor DC sebagai aktuator. Robot ini bisa diaktifkan menggunakan smartphone yang memanfaatkan sinyal bluetooth. Untuk dapat membuat AGV bergerak stabil, dengan cara penerapan kontrol PID salah satunnya dengan mengimplementasikan metode Ziegler Nichols pada pencarian parameter PID robot AGV. Proses tuning diawali dengan pemberian parameter Kp = 0, kemudian ditingkatkan secara bertahap hinga didapat grafik respon PID yang berkesinambungan. Dari grafik respon yang diberikan, dapat menentukan besar nilai critical gain Kcr dan critical periode Pcr. Nilai Kcr dan Pcr digunakan untuk mendapatkan nilai parameter Kp, Ki dan Kd sesuai dengan aturan yang terdapat dalam metode Ziegler Nhicols. Hasil pengujian tuning parameter PID menggunakan metode Ziegler-Nichols didapatkan nilai Kp= 7, Ki=1,5 dan Kd= 1. Dengan menggunakan parameter tersebut respon robot menjadi lebih baik dan mendekati set point.
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Xia, Tian, Chao Jin, Yi Zhong Li, and Xiao Yang Jiang. "The AGV Controller System Design Based on CPAC." Advanced Materials Research 591-593 (November 2012): 1356–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.591-593.1356.
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According to the material handling AGV in accurate,timely and flexible requirements, proposed based on Googol GE-400SV motion controller AGV control system. Constructed to CPAC core AGV control system hardware structure. Constructed as GE-400SV motion controller for the core of AGV control system hardware structure, and using VC ++6.0 completed system software realization. Experimental results show that: use GE-400SV motion controller and the development software as control core of AGV can meet the hardware and software design of Automated Guided Vehicle precise positionig , automatic walk.
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Tanaya, Prianggada Indra. "Preliminary Development of Subsumption Architecture Control for Automated Guided Vehicle." ROTASI 21, no. 4 (2019): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/rotasi.21.4.200-208.
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Subsumption control architecture is an control architecture based on parallel system. Input of information of sensors is directly connected through modules in the control system, and further the decision making is connected to actuators. Automated Guided Vehicle or AGV is an automated component within integrated manufacturing system. In this article, this control architecture will be designed and implemented to an AGV. Commands are designed based on Object-Oriented technology. The commands are arranged in subsumption, where a command higher subsumed other command of its lower level. GPFO (Greater Priority First Out) technique is implemed for executing the commands by using multi-threading. Experimentation is performed to have the characteristics of commands being executed. This work introduce our effort to design an operating system for an AGV.
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Sharke, Paul. "No More Sweat or Tears." Mechanical Engineering 125, no. 07 (2003): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2003-jul-3.
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This article focuses on the fact that automated guided vehicles are making inroads on safety and the bottom line. More sense prevails in the controlled environment of a U.S. Postal Service processing facility in Fort Myers. There, at least, pedestrians are granted their rightful way. The heavily automated facility is a test case for the post office’s experiment in integrated mail processing. The automated guided vehicles (AGV) move pallets and wheeled containers between the sorting equipment and the loading dock. For the Fort Myers AGV project, personnel installed a grid of reflectors in the building. The vehicles, bouncing laser light off these reflectors, triangulate their x-y coordinates and their headings. A confidence factor helps the vehicle place either more faith or less in its knowing where it is, thereby accounting, say, for variations in a scan off a dirty reflector.
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Zajac, Jerzy, Adam Slota, Krzysztof Krupa, Tomasz Wiek, Grzegorz Chwajol, and Waldemar Małopolski. "Some Aspects of Design and Construction of an Automated Guided Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 282 (January 2013): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.282.59.
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The paper presents mechanical, safety and positioning aspects of design of a three-wheel, battery powered, automated guided vehicle. AGV is driven by a DC motor integrated with the wheel. The chosen kinematic structure is compact and assures a high degree of maneuverability. Principles of operation and general capabilities of safety laser scanner SICK S300 were discussed. AGV is equipped with laser localization system SICK NAV300. The paper presents some issues concerning implementation of this equipment in the AGV built at the Production Engineering Institute of Cracow University of Technology.
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Apsada, Satria, and Risfendra Risfendra. "Improving the Accuracy of Manual Control of an Automatic Guided Vehicle (AGV) Robot by Applying the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) Algorithm." JTEIN: Jurnal Teknik Elektro Indonesia 5, no. 2 (2024): 343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jtein.v5i2.676.
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Robot Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) pada umumnya dapat bergerak secara autonomous dan manual. Kendali manual robot Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) dibutuhkan ketika kendali autonomous sedang tidak digunakan. Kebutuhan untuk kontrol manual pada AGV dapat disebabkan oleh kegagalan sistem otomatis atau untuk situasi di mana operator perlu intervensi langsung untuk keamanan atau tugas yang memerlukan keputusan manusia. Tetapi dalam pengendalian manual robot memiliki nilai deviasi terhadap gerak lurusnya, sehingga mempengaruhi kinerja robot dan menjadikannya semakin sulit dikendalikan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan performa sistem kontrol manual robot Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) dengan menggunakan algoritma PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) metode Ziegler Nichlos I atau metode kurva reaksi yang mampu menghasilkan nilai tuning dengan praktis sehingga robot AGV dapat melakukan gerak lurus dengan akurasi yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini terdiri dari tahapan analisis, pengodean dan pengujian robot. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan sensor rotary encoder dengan motor DC PG45 dan dikendalikan mikrokontroler Arduino Atmega 2560 serta kontroler joystick wireless. Penggunaan kendali manual digabungkan dengan Algoritma PID metode Ziegler-Nichols I dengan nilai Kp=0,45; Ki=0,3 dan Kd=0 untuk Motor 1 dan Motor 2 dengan nilai Kp=0,5; Ki=0,15 dan Kd=0 yang dikombinasikan dengan sensor rotary encoder. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan peningkatan kinerja kendali robot AGV dengan nilai ketepatan jarak tempuh dari 3(tiga) meter menjadi 12(dua belas) meter gerak dapat mendekati lintasan lurus.
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C, Manimaran. "Automatic Guided Vehicle (AGV) for Scrap Collecting Vehicle." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 7, no. 4 (2019): 1451–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2019.4262.
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Zhang, Dan, and Bin Wei. "Smart Sensors and Devices in Artificial Intelligence." Sensors 20, no. 20 (2020): 5945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20205945.
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Putra, B. E., A. Z. Arfianto, L. Subiyanto, et al. "Multi Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) cardboard carrier using wireless communication." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 340 (October 7, 2019): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/340/1/012009.
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Mohsin, S., I. A. Khan, and M. Ali. "Ergonomics-based working flexibility for automated guided vehicle (AGV) operators." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 103, no. 1-4 (2019): 529–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-03542-3.
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Tack, Han Ho, and Sung Gab Kwon. "Driving Control of Automated Guided Vehicle Using Centroid of Gravity Method." Journal of the Korea Industrial Information Systems Research 19, no. 2 (2014): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.9723/jksiis.2014.19.2.059.
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Rashidah Mohamad, Nor, Muhammad Hafidz Fazli Md Fauadi, Siti Fairus Zainudin, Ahamad Zaki Mohamed Mohamed Noor, Fairul Azni Jafar, and Mahasan Mat Ali. "Optimization of Material Transportation Assignment for Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) System." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.20 (2018): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.20.19269.
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This article focuses on Material Transportation Assignment problem that is identified as an Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV) multi-load task assignment. The primary goal of this paper is to determine the factors needed to optimize material transportation system. This study also explores the optimization and performance enhancement of the Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) environment. The implementation of Genetic Algorithm (GA) in this model is to obtain the optimal solution for FMS layout. The combination of delivery and pickup task are addressed by modified algorithm for advancement in multiple loads AGV. The result obtained depicts that the proposed task assignment method with a modified genetic algorithm can produce acceptable performance compared to conventional task assignment method.
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Yoon, Sang Won, Seong-Bae Park, and Jong Shik Kim. "Kalman Filter Sensor Fusion for Mecanum Wheeled Automated Guided Vehicle Localization." Journal of Sensors 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/347379.
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The Mecanum automated guided vehicle (AGV), which can move in any direction by using a special wheel structure with a LIM-wheel and a diagonally positioned roller, holds considerable promise for the field of industrial electronics. A conventional method for Mecanum AGV localization has certain limitations, such as slip phenomena, because there are variations in the surface of the road and ground friction. Therefore, precise localization is a very important issue for the inevitable slip phenomenon situation. So a sensor fusion technique is developed to cope with this drawback by using the Kalman filter. ENCODER and StarGazer were used for sensor fusion. StarGazer is a position sensor for an image recognition device and always generates some errors due to the limitations of the image recognition device. ENCODER has also errors accumulating over time. On the other hand, there are no moving errors. In this study, we developed a Mecanum AGV prototype system and showed by simulation that we can eliminate the disadvantages of each sensor. We obtained the precise localization of the Mecanum AGV in a slip phenomenon situation via sensor fusion using a Kalman filter.
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Stetter, Ralf. "A Fuzzy Virtual Actuator for Automated Guided Vehicles." Sensors 20, no. 15 (2020): 4154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20154154.
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In the last decades, virtual sensors have found increasing attention in the research community. Virtual sensors employ mathematical models and different sources of information such as actuator states or sensors, which are already existing in a system, in order to generate virtual measurements. Additionally, in recent years, the concept of virtual actuators has been proposed by leading researchers. Virtual actuators are parts of a fault-tolerant control strategy and aim to accommodate faults and to achieve a safe operation of a faulty plant. This paper describes a novel concept for a fuzzy virtual actuator applied to an automated guided vehicle (AGV). The application of fuzzy logic rules allows integrating expert knowledge or experimental data into the decision making of the virtual actuator. The AGV under consideration disposes of an innovative steering concept, which leads to considerable advantages in terms of maneuverability, but requires an elaborate control system. The application of the virtual actuator allows the accommodation of several possible faults, such as a slippery surface under one of the drive modules of the AGV.
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Florentinus Budi Setiawan, Farrel Adriantama, Leonardus Heru Pratomo, and Slamet Riyadi. "Improving AI Text Recognition Accuracy with Enhanced OCR For Automated Guided Vehicle." Jurnal RESTI (Rekayasa Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi) 6, no. 5 (2022): 728–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.29207/resti.v6i5.4279.
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this artificial intelligence robot uses a mini-computer to operate it and uses mechanical movement like a four-wheeled vehicle with a 2WD drive system. In this article, a control strategy of the AGV robot will be shown and implemented to detect the location. This research Uses OCR (Optical Character Recognition) for the OpenCV library itself which has been enhanced/modified. This enhanced OCR is the main library used in text recognition. This research produces very accurate text detection compared to the default OCR that was previously used on the AGV robot in our university. After the process of reading this text is passed, it will produce text previously read through the camera which will then provide output in the form of text where the AGV robot is located. After the reading is validated, the AGV robot will move to the next point until it returns to its starting point. Based on hardware implementation through testing in the AGV laboratory with artificial intelligence, it can work according to the algorithm and minimize reading errors with a 95% success rate.
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Vancea, A. P., and I. Orha. "A survey in the design and control of automated guided vehicle systems." Carpathian Journal of Electronic and Computer Engineering 12, no. 2 (2019): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cjece-2019-0016.
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Abstract Automatic guided vehicles (AGVs) play an important role in the small-scale industry as well as the largescale industry in handling materials inside factories from one place to another. In the last days, the materials to be handled are more numerous and as production and demand increase, it strongly influences the transport of materials in desperate need of a vehicle to distribute, position the materials within the industry. AGVs are generally installed with wires at ground level and signals are transmitted through them to be controlled. Due to the emergence of the AGV, the workload of the human being gradually decreased and the production efficiency increased. Thus, the need for an AGV has become more technologically important in the advanced robotic world. Normally, these systems are integrated into a global production system, where is a need to make direct changes in the design and planning of the floor store to get most of them. But in the rapidly changing production system and the adaptable floor store, the implementation of AGV has become very important and difficult, because it depends on many systems, such as wires, frequency, total production, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an independent AGV, which can operate on its own and make decisions based on changes in the environment.
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Zou, Yunfei, Jie Wen, Siyuan Tang, Hongmao Zhou, Panpan Zhang, and Weiting Ning. "Research on the application of autonomous driving technology in port." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 9 (September 30, 2022): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v9i.1709.
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Automatic driving technology is one of the most popular emerging technologies at present. It has been preliminarily applied in the field of transportation, especially in the automatic container terminal of the port. Automated guided vehicles for freight container(AGV), intelligent container truck(ICT) and intelligent guided vehicle for container(IGV) applying automatic driving technology in the port are briefly introduced. ICT and IGV are especially suitable for the automation transformation of traditional container terminals, and have gradually become the main force of horizontal transportation equipment in automatic container terminals. The main problems existing in the port application of automatic driving technology are emphatically analyzed, and the key research direction is put forward.
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Osman Zahid, Muhammed Nafis, and Loh Jit Hao. "A Study on Obstacle Detection For IoT Based Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV)." MEKATRONIKA 4, no. 1 (2022): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/mekatronika.v4i1.7534.
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In modern manufacturing industry context, Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) are mobile robots used in aiding the process of material handling from one point to a desired location in the workplace. Development on AGVs is a trending discussion among researchers due to its wide usage and the implementation of the Industrial 4.0. The performance of the AGVs is one of the spotlight issues in order to compete with the rising technologies and demanding workload in the industry. Current concern on obstacle detection in AGVs has become more subjective due to the uprising issue on the congested environment in the workplace. Therefore, an IoT system is developed to allow a flexible wireless communication among mobile robots in an indoor industrial environment. An AGV prototype is designed for obstacle detection and the performance is analyzed. In order to improve obstacle detection in the AGV prototype, Kalman Filtering (KF) algorithm is used in the signal filtering for the HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor data acquisition. Furthermore, the communication verification is diagnosed for the Wi-Fi connection broadcast traffic and network latency. The study produced several significant results related to obstacle detection of AGV with IoT based technology. Experiment results show the vehicle movement reaction in dealing with obstacles. Next, the KF programming algorithm managed to diminish the measurement noise including the Main bang and flaw echo of the ultrasonic sensor. Moreover, the IoT system allows ease of accessibility and user-friendly GUI. Results proved that Wi-Fi is a reliable communication medium in obstacle detection and is comparable to ZigBee and Bluetooth connection. The communication delay for wireless connectivity on the AGV prototype surpassed the requirements of latency test, which is less than 20 ms. The research concludes that the IoT-based AGV prototype is competent and reliable in handling the obstacle detection in fixed route with indoor environment workplace.
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Han, Wenjie, Jun Xu, Zheng Sun, et al. "Digital Twin-Based Automated Guided Vehicle Scheduling: A Solution for Its Charging Problems." Applied Sciences 12, no. 7 (2022): 3354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12073354.
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Due to poor predictability of resources and difficulty in perception of task execution status, traditional Automatic Guide Vehicle (AGV) scheduling systems need a lot of extra time in the charging process. To solve this problem, a digital twin-based dynamic AGV scheduling (DTDAS) method is proposed, including four functions, namely the knowledge support system, the scheduling model, the scheduling optimization, and the scheduling simulation. With the features of virtual reality data interaction, symbiosis, and fusion from the digital twin technology, the proposed DTDAS method can solve the AGV charging problem in the AGV scheduling system, effectively improving the operating efficiency of the workshop. An AGV scheduling process in a discrete manufacturing workshop is taken as a case study to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that, compared with the traditional AGV scheduling method, the DTDAS method proposed in this article can reduce makespan 10.7% and reduce energy consumption by 1.32%.
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Shi, W., D. B. Tang, and P. Zou. "Multi-objective automated guided vehicle scheduling based on MapReduce framework." Advances in Production Engineering & Management 16, no. 1 (2021): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14743/apem2021.1.383.
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During material handling processes, automated guided vehicles (AGVs) pose a path conflict problem. To solve this problem, we proposed a multi-objective scheduling model based on total driving distance and waiting time, and used the A* path planning algorithm to search the shortest path of AGV. By using a speed control strategy, we were able to detect the overlap path and the conflict time. Additionally, we adopted an efficient MapReduce framework to improve the speed control strategy execution efficiency. At last, a material handling system of smart electrical connectors workshop was discussed to verify the scheduling model and the speed control strategy combined with the MapReduce framework is feasible and effective to reduce the AGV path conflict probability. The material handling system could be applied in workshop to replace manual handling and to improve production efficiency.
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Bai, Yu, Pengpeng Li, Zhipeng Cui, Peng Yang, and Weihua Li. "A Hierarchical Trajectory Planning Algorithm for Automated Guided Vehicles in Construction Sites." Electronics 13, no. 6 (2024): 1080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13061080.
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Herein, to address the challenges faced by Automatic Guided Vehicles (AGVs) in construction site environments, including heavy vehicle loads, extensive road search areas, and randomly distributed obstacles, this paper presents a hierarchical trajectory planning algorithm that combines coarse planning and precise planning. In the first-level coarse planning, lateral and longitudinal sampling is performed based on road environment constraints. A multi-criteria cost function is designed, taking into account factors such as deviation from the road centerline, shortest path cost, and obstacle collision safety cost. An efficient dynamic programming algorithm is used to obtain the optimal path. Considering nonholonomic constraints of vehicles, eliminating inflection points using improved B-Spline path fitting, and a quadratic programming algorithm is proposed to enhance path smoothness, completing the coarse planning algorithm. In the second-level precise planning, the coarse planning path is used as a reference line, and small-range sampling is conducted based on AGV motion constraints, including lateral displacement and longitudinal velocity. Lateral and longitudinal polynomials are constructed. To address the impact of randomly appearing obstacles on vehicle stability and safety, an evaluation function is designed, considering factors such as jerk and acceleration. The optimal trajectory is determined through collision detection, ensuring both safe obstacle avoidance and AGV smoothness. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this method in solving the path planning challenges faced by AGVs in construction site environments characterized by heavy vehicle loads, extensive road search areas, and randomly distributed obstacles.
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Hasan, Hameedah sahib, Mohamad Shukri Zainal Abidin, and Mohd Saiful Azimi Mahmud. "UWB WITH AGV FOR LOCALIZATION SYSTEM." Science Proceedings Series 2, no. 1 (2020): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/sps.v2i1.1261.
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Automated guided vehicle (AGV) has great significance in material flow and distribution of goods with high precision and efficiency. Besides, Ultra-wideband (UWB) is a technology used to transmit wireless signal in nanosecond. In this paper, localization system using AGV via UWB is designed. Futhermore, the experiment of localization with AGV is introduced and the result is disscused. In addition, control system for AGV is developed by using kinematic control system via Labview.
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Li, Li, and Lothar Schulze. "Failure Prediction of Automated Guided Vehicle Systems in Production Environments through Artificial Intelligence." Tehnički glasnik 18, no. 2 (2024): 268–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31803/tg-20240416185206.
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Modern industrial systems demand intricate connectivity and automation, especially in the realm of shop floor processes and intralogistics. Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) systems are characterized by their potential for seamlessly networking value creation areas. However, failures and disruptions in AGV systems and adjacent facilities can lead to production halts, adversely affecting delivery reliability and quality. A substantial portion of the downtime stems from manual troubleshooting, underscoring the pivotal importance of the response time from maintenance staff. This paper introduces an approach employing a neural network with long short-term memory for forecasting and predictive maintenance to enhance AGV system reliability and availability in production environments. By analysing historical data, identifying patterns, and predicting potential failures or maintenance needs in AGV components and neighbouring facilities, the proposed AI-based forecasting ensures timely preventive measures. A case study shows the effectiveness of this approach in significantly improving AGV system performance, minimizing disruptions, and enhancing operational availability. This research contributes to smart manufacturing by providing a practical solution for optimizing availability of the concerned AGV system through advanced AI-based forecasting strategies.
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Jang, Jun-Yeong, Su-Jeong Yoon, and Chi-Ho Lin. "Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) Driving System Using Vision Sensor and Color Code." Electronics 12, no. 6 (2023): 1415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12061415.
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Recently, the use of Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) at production sites has been increasing due to industrial development, such as the introduction of smart factories. AGVs utilizing the wired induction method, which is cheaper and faster than the wireless induction method, are mainly used at production sites. However, the wired guidance AGV operation system has the disadvantage of being limited to small-batch or collaboration-based production sites, since it is difficult to change the driving route. In this paper, we propose an AGV line-scan algorithm that can perform route recognition, driving commands, and operation through color-code recognition using an Arduino controller and a low-cost vision sensor, instead of the optical sensor conventionally used for these functions. When the proposed algorithm is applied to the AGV car, the CMUcam 5 Pixy2 camera identifies the driving path to follow by tracking a black line using the Otsu method. In addition, it can be confirmed that the driving command is executed using the proposed color code by applying the color recognition function of the CMUcam 5 Pixy2.
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Ria, Andrea, Pierpaolo Dini, and Francesco Bucchi. "Prototyping of Automated Guided Vehicle for Teaching Practical Mechatronics." Education Sciences 15, no. 3 (2025): 294. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15030294.
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This paper presents an innovative approach to teaching mechatronics at the bachelor’s level, using the design and construction of an Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) as a comprehensive example of a mechatronic system. The course, titled Laboratory of Electronic Systems, is part of a newly established professionalizing bachelor’s degree program at the University of Pisa, focused on techniques for mechanics and production. This program was developed to meet industry demands for technically skilled personnel with an engineering-related background but without the need for a full traditional engineering education. The course is designed to provide students with hands-on experience, integrating fundamental concepts from mechanical, electronic, and control engineering, along with software development. The curriculum emphasizes practical applications rather than theoretical depth, aligning with the program’s goal of preparing students for operational roles in industrial settings. We present the course structure, educational objectives, and the interdisciplinary nature of mechatronics as addressed in this teaching approach. A dedicated section outlines the critical steps involved in the AGV prototype development, highlighting practical challenges and learning opportunities. The effectiveness of the course is assessed through the evaluation of student projects, specifically via a technical report and a final discussion on the design of a mechatronic system. The results demonstrate the value of a project-based learning approach in equipping students with the practical skills and knowledge required for careers in mechatronics and industrial automation.