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Books on the topic 'Ahistorical'
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Slide, Anthony. The international film industry: Ahistorical dictionary. Greenwood, 1989.
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Lehne, Inge. Vienna, the past in the present: Ahistorical survey. Österreichischer Bundesverlag, 1985.
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Meier, Scott T. The chronic crisis in psychological measurement and assessment: Ahistorical survey. Academic Press, 1994.
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Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art, ed. Ahistoric occasion: Artists making history. MASS MoCA, 2006.
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Lev, Peter. How to Write Adaptation History. Edited by Thomas Leitch. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199331000.013.38.
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The scholarship on American film adaptations is surprisingly ahistorical, neglecting the institutional and production history of Hollywood film. Chapter 38 attempts a more historical approach. Concentrating on the 1930s, it discusses how stories were chosen, what kinds of stories were chosen, and how stories were shaped in the film production process, identifying the screenwriter and the supervising producer as key contributors to adaptation. Statistical tables provide information on the percentage of novel, play, and short story adaptations made in each year between 1931 and 1940. Critiquing both the auteur theory and Robert Stam’s intertextuality for their lack of interest in production history, the essay calls for more archival research and more attention to the production process.
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Ferguson, Ben, and Hillel Steiner. Exploitation. Edited by Serena Olsaretti. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199645121.013.21.
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Exploitation is commonly understood as taking unfair advantage. This article discusses the various prominent accounts that have been offered of how an exchange, despite being Pareto improving and consensual, can nevertheless count as unfair or unjust and, hence, as presumptively impermissible. Does the wrongness of an exploitative transaction consist in its compounding a prior distributive injustice, or in its deliberately profiting from someone’s vulnerability, or in its commodification of that which should not be commodified? How should responsibility for exploitation be assigned, and can this avoid generating moral hazard? The accounts of exploitation analysed here are classified along two dimensions—historical vs. ahistorical and intentional vs. non-intentional—in their conceptions of unfairness, and the possibility of a hybrid account is explored.
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Lacoste, Jean-Yves, and Oliver O’Donovan. From Present Self to Future Self. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827146.003.0008.
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Personal identity is an event, and the personal subject’s relation to itself is characterized by temporal “distension.” The metaphysical concept of personal “substance” tried ineffectively to define the self in ahistorical terms, but could “substance” be tied to “history”? With the help of eschatology it could, for the self could be fully known to itself under eschatological conditions in a “recapitulation” by which it becomes its own becoming. The definitive, like the provisional, has to be thought of as “happening.” “Post-existence” would be eternal happening, a present recovery of what has formed its way of existing, and in continuing receptivity. Is the concept of “I,” the personal subject, adequate to such an eschatological destiny? We can think more coherently of a “post-existence” by replacing the concept of “consciousness” with “opening.”
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Da Costa, Dia. An Ideology for Life? University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040603.003.0004.
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Although Jana Natya Manch’s working-class theater poses an ideological challenge to hegemonic creativity for neoliberal capitalism and Hindu nationalism, this chapter analyzes the historical, affective and political incitements and messy collaborations between ideological opposites. This middle-class troupe’s plays dedicated to working-class struggles confront the challenge and decimation of labor struggle through a life-long commitment to Marxian critique. Far from an ahistorical commitment, their ‘ideology for life’ responds to contemporary challenges, in part by memorializing the personal, subjective, and spatial deaths of ideal leaders and sites of worker struggle. Memorialization and nostalgia largely distances them from working-class lives, but it makes their politics and performance effective sites for contemporary constructions of progressive middle-classness in Delhi whilst generating an inadvertent embrace of creative economies discourse.
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Burgard, Karen L. B., and Michael L. Boucher. The Special Responsibility of Public Spaces to Dismantle White Supremacist Historical Narratives. Edited by Angela M. Labrador and Neil Asher Silberman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190676315.013.29.
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Public historical spaces hold a powerful role in the teaching of a regional and national heritage curriculum. Those public sites, markers, museums, and monuments provide the narrative from which citizens conceptualize the past and they comprise a curriculum of American history. However, the calculated and intentional omission of the histories and identities of marginalized and oppressed people creates an unequal, ahistorical void that is filled by the hegemonic normality of the White supremacist narrative, creating a curriculum of White supremacy. Using research of historical understanding, racialized historical understanding, historical understanding in museums and public spaces, and the concept of erasure in history, this chapter investigates the important role public spaces play in presenting a holistic and complete historical narrative that goes beyond the additive models of multiculturalism and preserves the culture and heritage of all peoples.
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Villegas, Abelardo. The Problem of Truth (1960). Translated by Carlos Alberto Sánchez. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190601294.003.0019.
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This text is the conclusion to Abelardo Villegas’s seminal work, La filosofía de lo mexicano, which does not dismiss the philosophy of lo mexicano outright. His conflict is with the method underscoring that philosophical project: historicism. Historicism, or the view that truth is dependent on history, offers Mexican philosophers an opportunity to articulate their philosophies as historical beings, thus contributing historical difference to the philosophical conversation. However, historicists face a fundamental “aporia,” as their project calls for defining an essentially historical being (the Mexican) using ahistorical categories (e.g. solitude, accidentality, melancholy, etc.). Thus, Villegas chastises Emilio Uranga for his “essentialism,” for looking for essences while grounding his approach in history. Villegas concludes that a philosophy of lo mexicano is possible—not one grounded on the uniqueness of the Mexican experience, but one that grounds the possibility of communicating that uniqueness to other peoples and other times.
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Daugirdas, Kęstutis. The Biblical Hermeneutics of Philip van Limborch (1633–1712) and its Intellectual Challenges. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806837.003.0011.
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Two features characterize van Limborch’s biblical hermeneutics: insistence on the reliability of New Testament testimonies about the life of Jesus, and a reliance on human reason as a key to the biblical message. Stressing the historicity of the Bible, van Limborch continued the tradition of Remonstrant predecessors like Episcopius, Grotius, and de Courcelles. He developed these features in debates with Orobio, Lodewijk Meyer, Spinoza, and Cocceius. Maintaining divine inspiration, he allowed for minor anomalies in the text. Van Limborch adduced the extraordinary character of miracles, the predictions of what would come to pass through Christ, and the convincing promise of eternal life. The Christological meaning was nothing but a mystical layer added by the New Testament authors. Thus he undermined the traditional ahistorical exegesis that explains the Old Testament by applying a New Testament perspective. This chapter ends with the reception of Van Limborch’s exegetical works in Germany and England.
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Lekson, Stephen H. Narrative Histories. Edited by Barbara Mills and Severin Fowles. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199978427.013.3.
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Southwest archaeology is oddly ahistorical. Since the turn of the nineteenth century, the development of the field led away from history and toward process: first, the anthropological processes by which the ethnographic Pueblos evolved; and second (with New and Processual archaeology), the processes evident in the Southwest that could, shorn of historical background clutter, apply universally. For most of the twentieth century, attempts at narrative history were dismissed as “just-so stories.” It is now recognized that the Southwest in fact did have history—a narrative specific to the Southwest, with many events having little to do with ethnographic Pueblos. The derision of history as “just-so stories” seems hard to shake, while residual scientism imposes inappropriate and impossible standards of proof. This chapter reviews the checkered history of history in Southwest archaeology, and suggests some ways to understand the narrative history of the pre-Hispanic Southwest.
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Lichtenstein, Nelson. “The Man in the Middle”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037856.003.0006.
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The study of frontline supervisors—in the factory, office, hospital ward, and academic workplace—is once again making waves. The quest for a more efficient, and perhaps more humane, workplace all too often begins with advice and admonition directed toward those who are charged with supervising the daily work lives of the dozen or so individuals who fall under their direct authority. However, much the discussion, especially that in even the most sophisticated business journals as well as in the sociological and industrial relations literature, has had an ahistorical quality that assumes that the traditional role played by foremen and other frontline supervisors has been determined exclusively by either the technology of production or the structures of management. These have been important, but they cannot be divorced from either the larger politics of production or the changing consciousness of foremen and supervisors in the first half of the twentieth century. This chapter seeks to uncover a slice of this complex history by emphasizing how cultural and political forces, as well as structural changes in the organization of work, shaped the role foremen played in the factory hierarchy.
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Hewitt, Elizabeth. Speculative Fictions. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198859130.001.0001.
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Placing Alexander Hamilton at the center of American literary history, Speculative Fictions recasts the bitter partisan feud over Hamilton’s fiscal policies of the early 1790s as a literary debate about how best to explain the movement of global capital. Offering literary analyses of Hamilton’s major reports, the book describes how Hamilton’s unique narrative form replicates what he also argues is the plot structure of a modern capitalist and financial economy: a tapestry of interdependent, dispersed, and contingent relationships forged by long supply chains. Although we are well-versed in the implications of Hamilton’s financial policies, we have been trained to read the economic world according to a very different explanatory method that emphasizes synthesis and ahistorical abstraction. This is the method of Thomas Jefferson, developed from his study of the early school of liberal economic science, physiocracy, and from the pastoral poetic tradition. The book posits that economic and imaginative writing has historically explained how the economy works using this simple narrative structure that plots its stories around the individual subject, homo economicus. Speculative Fictions proposes that other genres in the late eighteenth century provide very different literary forms to describe the complexities of the modern economy, including periodical essays and Black Atlantic autobiographies. Like Hamilton’s own writing about the economy, these genres showcase how any single economic exchange reverberates across time and place, requiring the author to speculate on a multiplex of speculative fictions.
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Dubber, Markus D. The Dual Penal State. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198744290.001.0001.
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Dual Penal State: The Crisis of Criminal Law in Comparative-Historical Perspective addresses one of today’s most pressing social and political issues: the rampant, at best haphazard, and ever-expanding use of penal power by states ostensibly committed to the enlightenment-based legal-political project of Western liberal democracy. Penal regimes in these states operate in a wide field of ill-considered and little constrained violence, where radical and prolonged interference with the autonomy of the very persons upon whose autonomy the legitimacy of state power is supposed to rest has been utterly normalized. At bottom, this crisis of modern penality is a crisis of the liberal project itself; the penal paradox is merely the sharpest formulation of the general paradox of power in a liberal state: the legitimacy of state sovereignty in the name of personal autonomy. To capture the depth and range of the crisis of contemporary penality in ostensibly liberal states, Dual Penal State leaves behind customary temporal and parochial constraints, and turns to historical and comparative analysis instead. This approach reveals a fundamental distinction between two conceptions of penal power, penal law and penal police, that run through Western legal-political history, one rooted in autonomy, equality, and interpersonal respect, and the other in heteronomy, hierarchy, and patriarchal power. Dual penal state analysis illuminates how this distinction manifests itself in the history of the present of various penal systems, from the malign neglect of the American war on crime to the ahistorical self-satisfaction of German criminal law science.
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Olivelle, Patrick, and Donald R. Davis, eds. The Oxford History of Hinduism: Hindu Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198702603.001.0001.
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The foundation of Hindu law is the voluminous textual tradition called Dharmaśāstra, the expert tradition on dharma. This book seeks to delineate the historical development of Dharmaśāstra, even though the tradition presented dharma as timeless and ahistorical. The volume establishes the importance of law for the history and study of Hinduism by providing interpretive descriptions of all the major topics of Hindu dharma according to this tradition. First, two broad introductions to the historical development of the textual sources of Hindu law suggest new ways to understand both the original texts (smṛti) and the later commentaries and digests. Next, groundbreaking research into the origin of the householder (gṛhastha), who is at the center of the Dharmaśāstric enterprise, provides new insights into both the origin of this genre and many of its topics, such as the āśrama system and married household life. The book devotes its central chapters to each of the major topics of Dharmaśāstra: epistemology of dharma, caste and social class, orders of life, rites of passage, Vedic student and graduate, marriage, children, inheritance, women, daily duties, food, gifting, funeral and ancestral offerings, impurity and purification, ascetic modes of life, dharma during emergencies, king, punishment, legal procedure, titles of law, penances, vows, pilgrimage, images, and temples. The final chapters then explore both the reception of Dharmaśāstra in other religious traditions, both Hindu and Buddhist, and the relevance of Dharmaśāstra to studies of critical concepts in religious studies—the body, emotions, material culture, subjectivity, animal studies, and vernacular culture.
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Heo, Angie. Political Lives of Saints. University of California Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520297975.001.0001.
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From the Arab uprisings in 2011 to ISIS's rise in 2014, Egypt's Copts have been at the center of anxious rhetoric surrounding the politics of Christian-Muslim coexistence in the Middle East. Despite the unprecedented levels of violence they have suffered in recent years, the current predicament of Copts signals more durable structures of church and state authoritarianism that challenge the ahistorical kernel of persecution politics and Islamophobia. This book examines the political lives of saints to specify the role that religion has played in the making of national unity and sectarian conflict in Egypt since the 1952 coup. Based on years of fieldwork throughout Egypt, it argues that the public imaginary of saints—the Virgin, martyrs (ancient and contemporary), miracle-workers—has served as a key site of mediating social relations between Christians and Muslims. An ethnographic study, it journeys to the images and shrines where miracles, martyrs, and mysteries have shaped the lived terms of national unity, majority-minority inequality, and sectarian tension on the ground. It further delves into the material aesthetics of Orthodox Christianity to grasp how saintly imaginings broker ties of sacrifice across faiths, reconfigure sacred territory in times of war, and present threats to public order and national security. Above all, it draws attention to the ways in which an authoritarian politics of sainthood shores up Christian-Muslim unity in the aftermath of war, revolution, and coup. In doing so, this book directly counters recurrent and prevalent invocations of Christianity's impending extinction in the Arab Muslim world.
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Feferman, Solomon. Predicativity. Edited by Stewart Shapiro. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195325928.003.0019.
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While the term predicativity suggests that there is a single idea involved, what the history will show is that there are a number of ideas of predicativity which may lead to different logical analyses. This article uncovers these only gradually. A central question is then what, if anything, unifies them. Though early discussions are often muddy on the concepts and their employment, in a number of important respects they set the stage for the further developments, and so this article gives them special attention. Note that, ahistorically, modern logical and set-theoretical notation are used throughout, as long as it does not conflict with original intentions.