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Corré, Alan. "AHistory of Palestine: One Land, Two Peoples; Ilari Pappe." Digest of Middle East Studies 13, no. 1 (April 2004): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1949-3606.2004.tb00988.x.
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Hayward, Susan. "Ahistory of French cinema: pioneering film-makers (Guy, Dulac, Varda) and their heritage." Paragraph 15, no. 1 (March 1992): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/para.1992.0002.
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Rao, S. Bhimsen, Neethi B. Rao, and Thad Joos. "Effect of Environmental Tobacco Smoke on Cough in Children with aHistory of Tonsillectomy or Adenoidectomy." Pediatrics 104, Supplement_2 (August 1, 1999): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.104.s2.371a.
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Ibelings, Hans. "The Postmodern European City." Joelho Revista de Cultura Arquitectonica, no. 7 (December 25, 2016): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1647-8681_7_2.
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One of the books I would love to write, but probably never will, is ahistory of the European exterior, a complement to Mario Praz’s 1963 monograph on the European interior, La filosofia dell’arredamento, the first version of which had appeared in 1945. Praz covers interiors from Greek and Roman Antiquity up to English Arts & Crafts and Art Nouveau, mainly through paintings, watercolors and engravings. These images reflect the domestic bliss of an elite who could afford this happiness and afford to commission artists to depict it. Despite the double layer of mediation—this being Praz’s reading of images that by themselves offer a filtered interpretation of an idealized, protected daily life in the interiors of a privileged class—the book manages to transmit the sense of a bygone life between walls.
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Lee, Kwang Yeom, Jae Ang Sim, Sheen Woo Lee, Tae Beom Kim, San Jin Yoon, Kyung Seo Park, and Khae-Hawn Kim. "Necrotizing fasciitis following transobturator tape procedure: a case report and literature review." Canadian Urological Association Journal 5, no. 4 (April 5, 2013): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.675.
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A 51-year-old diabetic woman was referred to our unit with ahistory of increasing pain in her right thigh and gait disturbance,10 days following surgery for treatment of stress urinary incontinencewith a transobturator tape. Examination elicited a tenderright thigh associated with swelling and erythema. Inspection ofthe vagina revealed an exposed mesh through the vaginal erosion.Plain radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging revealed largethigh abscesses suggestive of gas gangrene from the pelvis to thecalf. The mesh was completely removed; extensile incisions, aswell as aggressive debridement of all necrotic tissue in the thighand calf, were performed. A diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis withgas extending to the lower leg level was confirmed. After meshremoval, abscess drainage and debridement, the patient recoveredwith antibiotics and daily wound care. Three months afterthe operation, the patient showed no recurrence of the infection.
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Abootalebi, Hassan. "Commingling of History and Fiction in Julian Barnes’s A History of the World in 10 ½ Chapters." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 52 (May 2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.52.1.
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This paper intends to explore the relationship between history and fiction in the novel AHistory of the World in 10 1⁄2 Chapters (1989) by the British writer Julian Barnes in order to indicate how these two notions have been commingled in different periods. In this regard, the focus of the current study is to investigate the above-mentioned novel, and to demonstrate the invalidity of historical records, their subjectivity, and how throughout history myths have become realities, with an eye on New Historicism. By the end of this study, its reader’s attitude towards history and what s/he is presented with as fact and truth is hoped to change, not to readily accept historical records and stories as absolute truths, rather to consider them one possible history among many others that might have been marginalized and suppressed by a dominant ideology.
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Segura N., Carlos, and Renán Agüero A. "Combate de coyolillo (Cyperus rotundus) en caña de azúcar (Saccharum off'icinarum L.): hacia un manejo integral." Agronomía Mesoamericana 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/am.v8i2.24668.
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Weed control is an important component of the production cost of sugarcane thus, it should be performed in a rational manner. The history of agriculture is rich i examples that confirm the integrated weed management(IWM) strategy as the most sustainable. An experiment comparing herbicides herbicides-tillage, tillage, and band control against whole area control was conductedin a field with ahistory ofhigh infestations of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.). Pyrazosulfuron-etil preemergence to the crop folIowed by 2,4-D postemergence to the crop showed a population of the weed similar to the glyphosate/tillage treatment as well as to the tillage/tillage treatment, in alI cases, significantly lower than the weedy check. Weed control over the whole area was equivalent to weed control in bands of 25 cm to each side of the crop rows in terms of crop yield. Other alternatives that might be used as part of an integrated weed management in conjunction with the best treatments found in this experiment are discussed.
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Breimer, A. Y., W. P. Koster, W. Hermes, C. J. de Groot, B. W. Mol, B. B. van Rijn, and A. Franx. "OS023. Postpartum cardiovascular disease risk factors in women with ahistory of early onset preeclampsia, late onset preeclampsia and pregnancy induced hypertension." Pregnancy Hypertension: An International Journal of Women's Cardiovascular Health 2, no. 3 (July 2012): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.preghy.2012.04.024.
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Kwee, Limdawati. "Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with Uncommon Manifestations." Journal of Medicine and Health 3, no. 1 (February 27, 2021): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.28932/jmh.v3i1.3066.
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The systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by theformation of autoantibodies that attack various organ systems. Patients with SLE who presentwith pleural effusion are so rare that they are often not diagnosed early. Whereas with earlydiagnosis and proper management, the rate of recurrence and complications can decrease, thequality of life for people with SLE will also be better. This research is descriptive qualitativeresearch with a case study approach. This case report discusses a young woman who presentedwith respiratory failure resulting from a massive pleural effusion. The patient is known to have ahistory of chronic hematological disorders in the form of thrombocytopenia. During treatment,the patient developed psychiatric disorders in the form of delirium and hallucinations. The patientwas then diagnosed as SLE based on the 2018 EULAR / ACR criteria with the degree of disease activity classified as severe. The patient responded well to steroid induction therapy,azathioprine, and hydroxychloroquine. It was concluded that the diagnosis of SLE should beconsidered in cases of pleural effusion with a history of chronic thrombocytopenia and psychiatricdisorders. Early and appropriate management of severe SLE will provide a good prognosis.
Keywords: systemic lupus erythematosus; respiratory failure; pleural effusion; neuropsychiatricSLE
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Marchena Fernández, Juan. "Revisitando un clásico: James Burney y su Historia de los Bucaneros de América. Una definición del mundo a principios del S. XIX." Memorias 16 (May 3, 2022): 36–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/memor.16.409.5.
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Entre la literatura y la historia y sobre la base de los escritos del navegante inglés James Burney el presente trabajo hace un recorrido a lo largo del siglo XVIII por el proceso de conocimiento de la navegación en los mares del planeta haciendo especial énfasis en los viajes por el Caribe.
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Fitriyani, Fitriyani. "FAKTOR DETERMINAN PADA KETUBAN PECAH DINI." JURNAL MEDIA KESEHATAN 11, no. 1 (November 16, 2018): 053–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33088/jmk.v11i1.357.
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Every year the incidence of premature rupture of membranes ranges from 5-10% of all preterm preterm births and membranes occurring in 1% of all pregnancies.70% of cases of premature rupture of membranes occur in early pregnancy, prematurerupture of membranes is the cause of preterm birth as much as 30% (Manuaba, 2010). Atthe Derah Kepahiang General Hospital, the incidence of premature rupture of membranesis 219 cases in 2016.This research is analytical descriptive research with case controldesign. The sample in this study amounted to 138 people divided into two groups of 69cases and 69 controls. Statistical test using chi square test and binary logisticregression.Results of the study of 69 people with premature rupture of membranes atmaternal age <20 and> 35 years (46.4%), primiparity and grandemultipara parity(62.3%), fetal abnormalities (33.3%), gestational age aterm ( 63.8%) and those with ahistory of premature rupture (18.8%) in Kepahiang Hospital by 2016. Maternal age (pvalue0.013 OR = 2.646), parity (p-value 0.0,0 OR OR = 3.111) (p-value 0,0017 OR =2,950), gestational age (p-value 0,386) and history of premature rupture (p-value 0,167)at Kepahiang Hospital 2016. The most dominant factor causing premature rupture ofmembranes in RSUD Kepahiang year 2016 is parity (Exp (B) 2,806).It is expected thatthe hospital can use the research as input to suppress the incidence of premature ruptureof membranes, by counseling to explain the risk factors of premature rupture ofmembranes, especially maternal age, parity and fetal abnormalities.
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Mir, Anita. "A History of Islamic Philosophy, 3d ed." American Journal of Islam and Society 23, no. 4 (October 1, 2006): 131–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v23i4.1592.
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That Majid Fakhry’s A History of Islamic Philosophy, first published in1970, has been brought out in a third revised edition can be of no surprise tothe many admirers of this most robust of scholars. Fakhry’s scholarship ismeticulous, and his style, even when handling the most complex ideas,remains simple and straightforward.As many of the theological questions raised by Islam’s key philosophers,particularly those pertaining to free will, justice, rights, and responsibilities,had political implications, each chapter in this book begins with ahistorical context. However, Fakhry only allows this context to play a subsidiaryrole, as a backdrop to the main narrative: the history of ideas. Thisapproach lends itself very well to an examination of the ideas held by bothindividual philosophers and schools of philosophy. Importantly, Fakhrydemonstrates how, during several key Islamic epochs, there was no onedominant system of thought, but rather, contending systems of thought. Hetakes us through these debates step by step, as in, for example, the first theologicalcontroversy on free will and predestination (qadar). It is in the presentationof these debates, more than anywhere else, that we see that while AHistory of Islamic Philosophy is distinguished from the work of many othergrand narrative histories by not being marred by a partisan viewpoint,Fakhry’s is by no means a clinically scientific approach.This book comprises thirteen chapters. It begins with “The Legacy ofGreece, Alexandria, and the Orient,” covers the watershed periods in the ...
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Coldman, Andrew, Norm Phillips, Lisa Kan, Jasenka Matisic, Lou Benedet, and Laura Towers. "Risk of invasive cervical cancer after pap smears: the protective effect of multiple negatives." Journal of Medical Screening 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0969141053279103.
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Objective: To determine the relationship between the number of initial negative Pap smears and risk of subsequent cervical cancer. Design: A cohort study was conducted using data from the British Columbia Cervical Cancer Screening Program and British Columbia CancerRegistry. The analysis used a random sample (1%) of women aged 20–69 with Pap smears and all cases of invasive cervical cancer diagnosed between 1994 and 1999. Each negative screen defined the beginning of a screening interval and intervals longer than five years were truncated. Thefollowing variables were created for each interval: age at the beginning of the interval, interval length, previous cytological abnormality, previous cervical procedure and number of preceding consecutive negative screens. The relationship between these variables and risk of squamous cervicalcancer was determined using survival analysis methods. Results: A total of 388 cases of invasive cervical cancer (252 squamous) were included in the study from a study population of over 3.3 million Pap smears. The risk of invasive squamous cancer increased with time since the lastnegative screen, history of cytological abnormality and history of cervical therapeutic procedure. Risk was not significantly related to age ( P=0.2) but was highest in women aged 30–49. Multiple consecutive negative pap smears were associated with reduced risk in women with ahistory of moderate atypia ( P<0.0001), but not in women without a history ( P=0.4). Conclusions: Multiple consecutive negative cytology was not associated with reduced risk of invasive cervical cancer in women with no history of cytological abnormality.
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Swaid, Bakr. "Accelerated Progression of Prediabetes to Insulin-Dependent Diabetes After 9 Cycles of Nivolumab." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): A363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.739.
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Abstract Introduction: Diabetes mellitus have been reported in around 1% of patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) resultingin immune checkpoint inhibitor induced diabetes mellitus (ICI-DM). 4 phenotypes of ICI-DM exist: acute autoimmuneinsulin-dependent diabetes, decompensation of prediabetes or type 2 diabetes, autoimmune pancreatitis, andautoimmune lipoatrophy. Clinical Case: A 52-year-old man was diagnosed with stage IIIb malignant melanoma. Two months following local excision, he wasstarted on nivolumab every 4 weeks planned for 1 year. His past medical history was significant for prediabetes,hypertension, obesity (BMI 33.27 kg/m²), primary hypogonadism, adult attention deficit disorder, obstructive sleepapnea, gastric ulcer, and gastroesophageal reflux disease. He denied tobacco use but reported semi-daily use ofmarijuana and alcohol. His baseline HbA1c was 6.0%. After the 8th cycle of nivolumab, he reported several bloodglucose readings in the 200 mg/dL range. He was thought to have progressed to type 2 diabetes and metformin wasstarted. Glipizide was added shortly thereafter due to persistent hyperglycemia. At the 9th cycle of nivolumab, hisHbA1c was 8.2%. In 1 week from this time, the patient developed abdominal pain, nausea, and persistent vomiting. Hewas found to be in DKA with blood glucose of 278 mg/dL, bicarbonate of 9.3 mmol/L, anion gap of 21, and arterial pHof 7.22. He was treated in the ICU per standard DKA care. His C-peptide was 0.5 ng/mL (reference 0.8–3.5) withconcomitant plasma glucose of 229 mg/dL. Autoantibody screening was negative including glutamic aciddecarboxylase antibody (anti-GAD), insulin antibody, insulin antigen-2 (IA-2) autoantibody, and zinc transporter 8antibody. The patient was discharged home on multiple daily injections of insulin but he struggled with diabetes carewhich proved to be of brittle nature requiring CGM use. Two months after completion of nivolumab treatment, thepatient reported epigastric abdominal pain with frequent nausea and occasional vomiting of few weeks duration. He wasdiagnosed with subacute pancreatitis based on symptoms and elevated lipase. There was no evidence of gallstones. Although immunotherapy-related pancreatitis was considered, we decided to try alcohol cessation first hoping to avoidthe need to use prednisone. Over several weeks, lipase normalized and his symptoms completely resolved. Conclusion: In this case, nivolumab resulted in progressive beta-cell failure and complete insulin dependence in a person with ahistory of prediabetes. Not all pancreatitis cases in the settings of immunotherapy use are immune-related adverseevents (irAE). Usual causes, e.g. alcohol, should still be considered. With cessation of alcohol, pancreatitis fullyresolved leading to avoidance of prednisone which would likely have worsened diabetes management in this patientwith brittle diabetes.
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Manese, Mercy, Hendro Bidjuni, and Sefti Rompas. "FAKTOR RESIKO YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN RIWAYAT SERANGAN PADA PENDERITA ASMA DI KABUPATEN MINAHASA SELATAN." JURNAL KEPERAWATAN 9, no. 2 (November 3, 2021): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35790/jkp.v9i2.36779.
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Abstract: The background of this journal is that the asthma risk factors that influence thedevelopment and expression of asthma consist of internal factors (host factors) and externalfactors (environmental factors). The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factorsassociated with a history of attacks in asthmatic patients at motoring health centers, westmotoring health centers and east motoring health centers. The research method usesdescriptive research with a cross sectional approach with total sampling technique, in thisstudy totaling 30 respondents, with research instruments consisting of allergens, respiratoryfactors, environmental factors and weather changes, with univariate and biavariate dataanalysis. The results showed that there was a relationship between allergen factors and ahistory of asthma attacks with p value = 0.033 < = 0.05, there was a relationship betweenrespiratory infection factors and a history of asthma attacks with p = 0.011 < = 0.05, therewas no relationship between factors environment with a history of asthma attacks with p value= 0.749 < = 0.05, there is a relationship between weather change factors and a history ofasthma attacks with p = 0.027 < = 0.05. In conclusion, there is a relationship between allergenfactors, infection factors and change factors with history of asthma attacks. Suggestions forthe community to definitely know the triggering factors for bronchial asthma attacks so thatthey can prevent asthma recurrence and can avoid sudden changes in weather, for examplefrom hot to cold (rainy season) by using thick clothing.Keywords: Asthma risk trigger factors, history of asthma attacksAbstrak: Latar Belakang dari jurnal ini adalah Faktor risiko asma yang mempengaruhiperkembangan dan ekspresi asma terdiri dari faktor internal (host factor) dan faktor eksternal(environmental factor). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahyui faktor resiko yangberhubungan dengan riwayat serangan pada penderita asma puskesmas motoling, puskesmasmotoling barat dan puskesmas motoling timur. Metode penelitian menggunakan penelitiandeskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional dengan teknik total sampling, pada penelitian iniberjumlah 30 responden, dengan instrumen penelitian yang teridiri dari faktor alergen, faktorsaluran pernafasan, faktor lingkungan dan perubahan cuaca, dengan analisa data univariat danbiavariat. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa ada hubungan faktor alergen dengan riwayatserangan asma dengan nilai p = 0,033 < α =0,05, ada hubungan faktor saluran infeksipernapasan dengan riwayat serangan asma dengan nilai p = 0,011 < α =0,05, tidak adahubungan faktor lingkungan dengan riwayat serangan asma dengan nilai p = 0,749 < α =0,05,ada hubungan faktor perubahan cuaca dengan riwayat serangan asma dengan nilai p = 0,027 <α =0,05.Kesimpulan, terdapat hubungan faktor alergen, faktor infeksi dan faktor perubahandengan riwayat serangan asma. Saranmsyarakat secara pasti mengetahui faktor pencetusserangan asma bronkial agar dapat mencegah kekambuhan asma dan dapat menghindariperubahan cuaca yang mendadak misalnya dari panas ke dingin (musim hujan) denganmenggunakan pakaian tebal.Kata Kunci : Faktor pemicu risiko asma, riwayat serangan asma
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ALONSO-SANZ, RAMÓN, and MARGARITA MARTÍN. "TWO-DIMENSIONAL CELLULAR AUTOMATA WITH MEMORY: PATTERNS STARTING WITH A SINGLE SITE SEED." International Journal of Modern Physics C 13, no. 01 (January 2002): 49–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183102002973.
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Standard Cellular Automata (CA) are ahistoric (memoryless), i.e., the new state of a cell depends on its neighborhood configuration only at the preceding time step. The effect of keeping ahistoric memory of all past iterations in two-dimensional CA, featuring each cell by its most frequent state is analyzed in this work.
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Iglebekk, Wenche, Carsten Tjell, and Peter Borenstein. "Treatment of chronic canalithiasis can be beneficial for patients with vertigo/dizziness and chronic musculoskeletal pain, including whiplash related pain." Scandinavian Journal of Pain 8, no. 1 (July 1, 2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjpain.2015.02.002.
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AbstractBackground and aimChronic musculoskeletal pain, e.g. whiplash associated disorders (WAD), fibromyalgia and myalgia, causes significant burden on both the individual and on society as a whole. In a previous study, the authors concluded that there is a likely connection between chronic benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)/canalithiasis and headache, neck pain, generalized pain, fatigue, cognitive dysfunctions as well as tinnitus. The balance dysfunction in BPPV/canalithiasis is dynamic and not static. This leads to a perpetual postural mismatch. The vicious cycle of a disturbed equilibrium control system may be the driving force behind the vicious cycle of pain. The aim of this study is to investigate if otolith-repositioning manoeuvres in patients with chronic BPPV/canalithiasis can be beneficial.MethodsDuring a period of about two years a prospective observational study on patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain referred for physiotherapy was performed. Those with a Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) inquiry score above 20 underwent further investigations to diagnose chronic BPPV/canalithiasis. Diagnostic criteria: (A) The diagnosis of BPPV/canalithiasis was confirmed with the following: (1) specific history of vertigo or dizziness provoked by acceleration/deceleration, AND (2) nystagmus and symptoms during at least one of the test positions; (B) the disorder had persisted for at least one year. Specific otolith repositioning manoeuvre for each semi-circular canal (SCC) was performed. Symptom questionnaire (“yes” or “no” answers during a personal interview) and a follow-up questionnaire were used.ResultsThe responders of the follow-up questionnaire constituted the study group. Thirty-nine patients responded (i.e. 87%) (31 females, 8 males) with a median age of 44 years (17–65). The median duration of the disease was5 years. Seventy-nine percent had ahistory ofhead or neck trauma. The DHI median score was 48 points (score >60 indicates a risk of fall). The video-oculography confirmed BPPV/canalithiasis in more than one semi-circular canal in all patients. In the present study the frequency of affected anterior semi-circular canal (SSC) was at a minimum of 26% and could be as high as 65%. Ninety-five percent suffered from headache, 92% from neck pain, 54% had generalized pain, and 56% had temporo-mandibular joint region pain. Fatigue (97%), aggravation by physical exertion (87%), decreased ability to concentrate (85%) aswellas visual disturbances (85%) were the most frequently reported symptoms, and 49% suffered from tinnitus. The median number of otolith repositioning manoeuvres done was six (2–29). Median time span between finishing otolith repositioning manoeuvres and answering the questionnaire was 7 months.Effects of treatment and conclusionThe present study has shown that repositioning of otoliths in the SCCs in nearly all patients with chronic BPPV/canalithiasis ameliorated pain and other symptoms. The correlation between vertigo/dizziness and the majority of symptoms was significant. Therefore, there is strong evidence to suggest that there is a connection between chronic BPPV/canalithiasis and chronic pain as well as the above-mentioned symptoms.ImplicationsPatients with unexplained pain conditions should be evaluated withthe Dizziness Handicap Inventory-questionnaire, which can identify treatable balance disorders.
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Kurrohman, Taufik, and Agus Freddy Maradonna. "AKUNTANSI, KEKUATAN, PENGETAHUAN: PERAN AKUNTANSI DALAM MEMBANGUN PERADABAN." JURNAL AKUNTANSI UNIVERSITAS JEMBER 10, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jauj.v10i1.1244.
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Paradigma new accounting history dalam studi sejarah akuntansi umumnya mengkritisi pendekatan yang digunakan oleh traditional accounting history yang dikatakan bersifat ahistoris dan antik (Sukoharsono, 1998a). Dikatakan ahistoris karena sejarah akuntansi ditulis dengan sudut pandang masa kini, dimana sejarah akuntansi cenderung disajikan secara kronologis dengan perlahan-lahan menampilkan kebenaran masa kini. Dan dikatakan antik karena sejarah akuntansi terkonsentrasi pada penjelasan mengenai “apa” yang terjadi di masa lalu bukannya menjelaskan “bagaimana” dan “mengapa” akuntansi berpengaruh terhadap kehidupan masyarakat (Stewart, 1992 dalam Sukoharsono, 1998a). Paradigma new accounting history memandang akuntansi tidak semata sebagai peralatan teknis pencatatan transaksi melainkan sebagai suatu kekuatan dan pengetahuan (power and knowledge) yang dapat membentuk perilaku manusia dalam suatu kelompok masyarakat, yang pada akhirnya menjadi dasar bagi berdirinya suatu peradaban.
Kata kunci: new accounting history, Foucauldian, power-knowledge, peradaban
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Silva, Ir Maria Freire da. "Trindade e o Equilíbrio Humano-Cosmológico." Revista de Cultura Teológica. ISSN (impresso) 0104-0529 (eletrônico) 2317-4307, no. 57 (May 7, 2013): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.19176/rct.v0i57.15090.
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A experiência cristã das origensproclama a fé na Trindade relendo ahistoria da salvação à luz do eventopascal. Com o tema Trindade e equilíbriohumano-cosmologico, pretendemosdestacar três pontos:1- a unidade entre os sereshumanos2- os elementos que constituema unidade e diversidade3- a trindade como modelo deunidade e comunhão
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ALONSO-SANZ, RAMÓN. "EXTENDING THE PARAMETER INTERVAL IN THE LOGISTIC MAP WITH MEMORY." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 21, no. 01 (January 2011): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127411028052.
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When memory is endowed in the dynamics of the logistic map, its parameter may reach, without diverging, values than are greater than its upper limit in the ahistoric, conventional formulation. A numerical study is made in this study on the dynamics of the logistic map with memory mT: xT+1= λmT(1-mT), when λ > 4.0 or λ < -2.0.
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ALONSO-SANZ, RAMÓN, and MARGARITA MARTÍN. "MEMORY BOOSTS COOPERATION." International Journal of Modern Physics C 17, no. 06 (June 2006): 841–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012918310600928x.
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The standard spatial formulation of the iterated Prisoner's Dilemma is ahistoric (memoryless): i.e., only the results generated in the last round are taken into account in deciding the next choice. Historic memory can be implemented by featuring players by a summary of their previous winnigs and choices. Here we study the effect of limited trailing memory: only the last three iterations are recorded. The effects of full and discounted memory are assessed. It is concluded that this short-type memory stimulates cooperation.
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Kuusela, Hanna. "The material trajectories of cultural texts:The Bookseller of Kabuland the ahistoric women of Afghanistan." Critical Arts 30, no. 5 (September 2, 2016): 623–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02560046.2016.1262436.
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Petteway, Ryan J. "PARTICULATES//Tulips: (Or, Estimating Respiratory Effects of Ambient Air Pollution and COVID-19 Using a Policing-Climate Adjusted Hazard Function)." Health Promotion Practice 22, no. 1_suppl (May 2021): 17S—19S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839921996263.
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Through poetry, I offer a creative, critical analysis of the intersections of COVID-19, structural racism, and racialized police violence—situating present COVID-19 discourse within a broader historical arc of respiratory distress within communities of color, all while centering Earth Day and climate change as both metaphor and corollary. In doing so, I enact poetry as praxis, reflecting critically on the racialized contexts and consequences of overlapping threats to our health, while simultaneously crafting counternarrative to public health’s ahistoric, apolitical, and racist proclivities in times of public health crises
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Passon, Oliver. "The Quasi-History of Early Quantum Theory." Physics 4, no. 3 (August 3, 2022): 880–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/physics4030057.
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While physics has a rather ahistoric teaching tradition, it is common to include at least anecdotal reference to historical events and actors. These brief remarks on the history are typically distorted. I take issue with the textbook narrative of the historical development of early quantum theory and rectify some of the more severe misrepresentations. This seems to be all the more important, since the history of physics is commonly (and rightly) regarded as a means to foster scientific literacy and a more appropriate understanding of the nature of science (NoS).
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Sibarov, K. D. "The space of lifestyles." Russian Journal of Legal Studies 2, no. 4 (December 15, 2015): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rjls18091.
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The paper proposed a new two-dimensional representation of the diversity of lifestyles of people living within the same society, an integral part of which is mature organized crime. The conditional title of the horizontal axis - «the intellect»; the vertical axis is«unite for good» - «unity for the sake of evil». On the plane defined by these axes is allocated 8 areas with conditional ahistoric names lifestyle: «ordinary people», «community members», «Guardians of people», «reasonable», «freedom lovers», «collective parasites», «collective predators» and «dropouts». Considered the interaction and confrontation between the representatives of these different lifestyles.
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Saleh, Nabil. "AHistoryof IslamicLegalTheories: AnIntroductionto Sunni:usulal-fiqh, by Wael B. Hallaq, Cambridge University Press, 1997, 294pp, £35.00." Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law Online 5, no. 1 (1998): 566–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221129899x00467.
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Jang, J. J., H. M. Liao, and I. C. Fan. "Spatial Information in local society’s cultural conservation and research." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-5/W7 (September 11, 2015): 519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-5-w7-519-2015.
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Center for Geographic Information Science, Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences,Academia Sinica (GIS center), Coordinate short-, medium-, and long-term operations of multidisciplinary researches focusing on related topics in the sciences and humanities. Based on the requirements of multi-disciplinary research applications, sustain collection and construction of sustaining and unifying spatial base data and knowledge and building of spatial data infrastructure. <br><br> Since the 1990s, GIS center build geographic information platform: "Time and space infrastructure of Chinese civilization" (Chinese Civilizationin Time and Space, CCTS) and "Taiwan History and Culture Map" (Taiwan History and Culture in Time and Space, THCTS) . the goal of both system is constructing an integrated GIS-based application infrastructure on the spatial extent of China and Taiwan, in the timeframe of Chinese and Taiwanese history, and with the contents of Chinese and Taiwanese civilization. <br><br> Base on THCTS, we began to build Cultural Resources GIS(CRGIS, <a href="http://crgis.rchss.sinica.edu.tw/"target="_blank">http://crgis.rchss.sinica.edu.tw/</a>) in 2006, to collect temples, historic Monuments, historic buildings, old trees, wind lions god and other cultural resource in Taiwan, and provide a platform for the volunteers to make for all types of tangible, intangible cultural resources, add, edit, organize and query data via Content Management System(CMS) . <br><br> CRGIS collected aggregated 13,000 temples, 4,900 churches. On this basis, draw a variety of religious beliefs map-multiple times Temple distributions, different main god distributions, church distribution. Such as Mazu maps, Multiple times temple distributions map (before 1823, 1823-1895,1895-1949,1949-2015 years) at Taijiang inner sea areas in Tainan. <br><br> In Taiwan, there is a religious ritual through folk activities for a period ranging from one day to several days, passing specific geospatial range and passes through some temples or houses. Such an important folk activity somewhat similar to Western parade, called " raojing " , the main spirit is passing through of these ranges in the process, to reach the people within bless range, many scholars and academic experts's folk research are dependent on such spatial information. 2012, GIS center applied WebGIS and GPS to gather raojing activities spatial information in cooperation with multi-units, aggregated seven sessions, 22 days, 442 temples had pass through . The atlas also published named "Atlas of the 2012 Religious Processions in the Tainan Region" in 2014. we also applied national cultural resources data form relevant government authorities, through the metadata design and data processing(geocoding), established cultural geospatial and thematic information ,such as 800 monuments, 1,100 historic buildings and 4,300 old trees data. <br><br> In recent years, based on CRGIS technology and operational concepts, different domain experts or local culture-ahistory research worker/team had to cooperate with us to establish local or thematic material and cultural resources. As in collaboration with local culture-history research worker in Kinmen County in 2012, build Kinmen intangible cultural assets - Wind Lion God ,set metadata and build 122 wind lion god ‘s attribute data and maps through field survey, it is worth mention such fieldwork data integrity is more than the official registration data form Kinmen National Park, the number of is wind lion god more than 40; in 2013,we were in cooperation with academic experts to establish property data and map of the theatre during the Japanese colonial era in Taiwan, a total of 170 theatres ; we were in cooperation with Japanese scholars, used his 44 detaile field survey data of sugar refineries during the Japanese colonial era in Taiwan ,to produce a sugar refineries distribution map and extend to a thematic web(<a href="http://map.net.tw/"target="_blank">http://map.net.tw/</a>) [The Cultural Heritage Maps of Taiwan Suger Factories in a Century]site according to CRGIS independent cultural concept. Deployment and operation of the CRGIS, the meaning is not only build the thematic GIS system ,but also contain these concepts: Open Data, Wikipedia ,Public Participation, and we provide an interactive platform with culture resource data and geospatial technology. <br><br> In addition to providing these reference material for local culture education, local cultural recognition, but to further cooperate with scholars, academic experts , local culture-history research worker / team, accumulated rich record of the past, research results, through the spatial database planning, data processing(ex. geocoding), field survey, geospatial materials overlapping, such as nesting geospatial technology to compile the cultural information and value-added applications.
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Saudan, Guy. "Biographie medicale: Fossiles vivants et retour du sujet." Gesnerus 50, no. 3-4 (November 25, 1993): 242–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22977953-0500304006.
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Biography, long shunned in the universities, has taken a dazzling revenge since the early 1980s—against the “Annates”, to be sure, but also under the influence of “new history ”. As regards the history of medicine, the situation remains ambiguous. Biography, marrying ethics and progress, has always enjoyed a special place in the hearts of traditionalists; the partisans of “problem history” consider the genre pre- or ahistoric. However, for the last twenty years several authors, fascinated by the richness of individual destinies and anxious to transcend their irreducible singularities, have opened up new paths to reconciling the individual with anthropological and social history.
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ALONSO-SANZ, RAMÓN. "ONE-DIMENSIONAL r=2 CELLULAR AUTOMATA WITH MEMORY." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 14, no. 09 (September 2004): 3217–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127404011338.
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Standard Cellular Automata (CA) are ahistoric (memoryless): i.e. the new state of a cell depends on the neighborhood configuration only at the preceding time step. This article introduces an extension to the standard framework of CA by considering automata implementing memory capabilities. While the update rules of the CA remains the same, each site remembers a weighted mean of all its past states, with a decreasing weight of states farther in the past. The historic weighting is defined by a geometric series of coefficients based on a memory factor (α). This paper considers the time evolution of one-dimensional range-two CA with memory.
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ALONSO-SANZ, RAMÓN, and MARGARITA MARTÍN. "CELLULAR AUTOMATA WITH ACCUMULATIVE MEMORY: LEGAL RULES STARTING FROM A SINGLE SITE SEED." International Journal of Modern Physics C 14, no. 05 (June 2003): 695–719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183103004863.
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Standard Cellular Automata (CA) are ahistoric (memoryless), i.e., the new state of a cell depends only on the neighborhood configuration at the preceding time step. This article introduces an extension of the standard framework of CA by considering automata implementing memory capabilities. While the update rules of the CA remains the same, each site remembers a weighted mean of all its past states, with a decreasing weight of states farther back in the past. The historic weighting is defined by a potential series of coefficients, tk, k acting as a forgetting factor. This paper considers the time evolution of one-dimensional, legal CA rules with accumulative memory.
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Alonso-Sanz, Ramón, Juan Carlos Losada, and Miguel A. Porras. "Bifurcation and Chaos in the Logistic Map with Memory." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 27, no. 12 (November 2017): 1750190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127417501905.
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We describe the dynamics of the logistic map [Formula: see text] endowed with memory [Formula: see text] of past iterations with geometric decay. We find that most of the relevant properties of the dynamics can be explained by means of a scaling of the standard logistic map without memory. The bifurcation diagram is therefore a scaled version of the standard map, with the extreme values of the logistic parameter [Formula: see text] for confined trajectories following also the scaling law. However, contrary to the ahistoric model, the trajectories may diverge for smaller values of [Formula: see text], depending on the initial condition [Formula: see text]. Simple conditions for divergence with given logistic map and memory are provided.
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Schritt, Jannik. "Dis/ordering politics: urban riots and the socio-political configuration of contemporary Niger." Journal of Modern African Studies 57, no. 4 (December 2019): 613–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x19000521.
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AbstractThis article focuses on ‘generic moments of becoming’, historical sedimentation and patterns of recurrent protests to explain the structural drivers that sparked the dramatic increase in urban protests and riots in Niger between 2013 and 2018. It identifies several factors in the country's socio-political configuration as particularly important for understanding the protests: new media and politics by proxy, political machines, the social and political embeddedness of civil society, ethnicity and regional political strongholds, the legacy of Françafrique, religious reform movements, and male youth violence. In examining these drivers, the article aims to provide an informative overview of contemporary politics and society in Niger and to counter culturalist, ahistoric and Eurocentric notions of ‘African disorder’.
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Rosenbluth, Michael. "The Inpatient Treatment of the Borderline Personality Disorder: A Critical Review and Discussion of Aftercare Implications." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 32, no. 3 (April 1987): 228–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378703200315.
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The literature on inpatient treatment of adult borderline personality disorder is reviewed. The controversy regarding the use or avoidance of the regression which can accompany hospitalization is discussed. It is suggested that this literature is not specific enough. There is insufficient attention to definition of terms, clinical heterogeneity and the longitudinal course of the illness. As well, the ahistoric approach to the hospitalization of these patients serves to reinforce characteristic ego deficits. Recommendations regarding the use of long or short-term length of hospital stay are not substantiated by formal research. It is suggested that greater emphasis be placed on aftercare issues. The stabilization of the patient, outpatient therapist, and aftercare system are described as important goals of inhospital care.
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SÁNCHEZ, JUAN R., and RAMÓN ALONSO-SANZ. "MULTIFRACTAL PROPERTIES OF R90 CELLULAR AUTOMATON WITH MEMORY." International Journal of Modern Physics C 15, no. 10 (December 2004): 1461–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183104006868.
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Standard Cellular Automata (CA) are ahistoric (memoryless Markov process), i.e., the new state of a cell depends on the neighborhood configuration only at the preceding time step. This article considers the fractal and multifractal properties of an extension to the standard framework of CA implemented by the inclusion of memory capabilities. Thus, in CA with memory, while the update rules of the CA remain unaltered, historic memory of all past iterations is retained by featuring each cell by a summary of all its past states. A study is made of the effect of historic memory on the multifractal dynamical characteristics of one-dimensional cellular automata operating under one of the most studied rules, rule 90, which is well known to display a rich complex behavior.
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Prüll, Cay-Rüdiger. "Von «grossen Deutschen» und «stolzen Wipfeln» - Die Lehrbücher der deutschen Medizingeschichte und die Pathologie (1858 bis 1945)." Gesnerus 54, no. 3-4 (November 27, 1997): 194–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22977953-0540304005.
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Textbooks on German medical history are a valuable source when analyzing the discipline's view on the foundation of scientific medicine. This paper deals with descriptions of the history of pathology found in textbooks between 1858 and 1945: In particular, pathological anatomy and Rudolf Virchow's "cellular pathology" were the cornerstones of the foundation of modern medicine in the 19"* century. The way textbooks deal with the history of pathology mirrors the development of German history of medicine: Since the turn of the century the latter felt devoted to an ahistoric teleological approach which did not change in the "Third Reich". This situation hampered a critical histonography which would show relations of the history of pathology to cultural, social and political history.
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ALONSO-SANZ, RAMÓN, M. CARMEN MARTÍN, and MARGARITA MARTÍN. "DISCOUNTING IN THE HISTORIC PRISONER'S DILEMMA." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 10, no. 01 (January 2000): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127400000050.
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The standard spatial formulation of the Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) is ahistoric (memoryless): only results generated in the last round are taken into account to decide the next choice. In the standard historic model, all results coming from previous rounds are considered without discounting. The effect of geometric discounting in the historic spatial formulation of PD is assessed in this work. The fate of a single isolated defector surrounded by cooperators and that of some groups of cooperators surrounded by defectors are studied, varying both the discount factor (α) and the temptation (b, the parameter which characterizes the PD game). The effect of noise and stochastic rules are also assessed in the first scenario. The most important finding is that there are some range of parameter values (b, α) for which the evolution dynamics becomes unexpected.
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Cawood, Ian. "‘Don't let me go! Hold me down!’: inspiration, voice and image in Kate Bush's ‘Hounds of Love’." Popular Music 35, no. 1 (November 30, 2015): 41–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143015000781.
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AbstractAlthough Kate Bush's reputation as a significant musical pioneer has been accepted by most critics and academic commentators since her return to music in 2005, most readings of her work have been highly ahistoric. This paper explores how, with the release of her fifth album, Hounds of Love, in 1985, her popular appeal was widened into a genuine acceptance of her idiom by contemporary cultural commentators. In particular, the paper focuses on the rival inspirations and the shape, form and delivery of the title track, ‘Hounds of Love’ and its ‘alternative’ version, released on a 12” disc. The paper concludes by analysing the visual presentation of the song through the promotional video (directed by Bush herself) and her two mimed performances and offering a contextualised explanation for Bush's perceived ‘authenticity’ as an artist and performer.
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Mulia, Siti Musdah. "Perempuan dalam Pusaran Fundamentalisme Islam." MAARIF 13, no. 2 (December 20, 2018): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.47651/mrf.v13i2.19.
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Perempuan dalam agama apa pun selalu menjadi sasaran diskriminasi dan eksploitasi para penafsir fundamental yang benci pada perempuan (mysogini). Masyarakat Muslim yang mempertahankan fundamentalisme memiliki kecenderungan memanipulasi dan memanfaatkan ajaran Islam untuk melegitimasi kekuasaan patriarki yang merendahkan perempuan. Slogan fundamentalisme untuk kembali memurnikan ajaran Islam selalu bermakna kembali kepada Islam tekstualis dengan karakter ideologis yang statis, ahistoris, sangat eksklusif, dan bias nilai-nilai patriaki. Kembali mendiskriminasikan perempuan seperti pada masa-masa kegelapan Jahiliyah. Bukan kembali ke visi otentik Islam yang cirinya adalah dinamis, kritis, rasional, inklusif, dan memuliakan perempuan. Tulisan ini ingin menegaskan kembali bahwa Islam hadir demi membebaskan manusia (perempuan dan laki-laki) dari semua sistem tiranik, despotik, dan totaliter menuju masyarakat sipil yang berkeadaban (civic and civilized society). Masyarakat dimaksud adalah yang mengamalkan nilai-nilai kemanusiaan universal, seperti keadilan, kejujuran, kebenaran, kemaslahatan, kesetaraan, keindahan dan kebersihan.
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ALONSO-SANZ, RAMÓN, and MARGARITA MARTÍN. "ONE-DIMENSIONAL CELLULAR AUTOMATA WITH MEMORY: PATTERNS FROM A SINGLE SITE SEED." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 12, no. 01 (January 2002): 205–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127402004310.
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Standard Cellular Automata (CA) are ahistoric (memoryless): i.e. the new state of a cell depends on the neighborhood configuration only at the preceding time step. This article introduces an extension to the standard framework of CA by considering automata implementing memory capabilities. While the update rules of the CA remain the same, each site remembers a weighted mean of all its past states. The historic weighting is defined by a geometric series of coefficients based on a memory factor (α). The time evolution of one-dimensional CA with memory starting with a single live cell is studied. It is found that for α ≤ 0.5, the evolution corresponds to the standard (nonweighted) one, while for α > 0.5, there is a gradual decrease in the width of the evolving pattern, apart from discontinuities which sometimes may occur for certain rules and α values.
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Flatto, David C. "Constructing Justice: The Selective Use of Scripture in Formulating Early Jewish Accounts of the Courts." Harvard Theological Review 111, no. 4 (October 2018): 488–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001781601800024x.
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AbstractElaborate depictions of the court system in Second Temple and rabbinic literature signify its centrality for the Jewish legal tradition. Rather than offering positivistic descriptions, these representations are better thought of as templates of how to organize justice. While historically less informative, they are vivid expressions of the early Jewish legal imagination and its fascinating fixation on the architecture of justice.A measure of the ahistoric quality of early accounts of judicial administration is their considerable exegetical strata. This article surveys how four seminal Second Temple and rabbinic works constructed accounts of the judiciary on the foundation of Scripture. The variances among them unfold from decisive hermeneutical choices, beginning with the threshold question of which among several, internally inconsistent, biblical sources to select as a base text. What animates these various choices, in turn, are competing conceptions of the origin and nature of legal authority within a religious tradition that enshrines the role of law.
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Artadi, I. Made Pande, A. A. Ngurah Anom Kumbara, Putu Rumawan Salain, and Ida Bagus Gde Pujaastawa. "Deconstruction of minimalist residential design development practice in South Kuta." International journal of linguistics, literature and culture 6, no. 2 (March 5, 2020): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/ijllc.v6n2.866.
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Minimalist residential develops was received massively in the middle of Balinese society, carrying the values of modernity by prioritizing function, the strength of ratio, and ignoring the past (ahistoric). The development and acceptance of these residences were contrary to Bali Provincial Regulation No. 05/2005 which requires residential buildings to display Balinese style. Massive acceptance of minimalist residential has implications in the dimensions of Balinese environmental, social, and cultural identity. The purpose of the study was to uncover the factors underlying the development and acceptance of minimalist dwelling in South Kuta. The research approach used was the cultural studies and design studies approach. The type of data collected was qualitative data obtained through observation, in-depth interviews, reading, and document checking. All data were analyzed using the qualitative interpretative analysis method. To understand and interpret the data, theories of deconstruction, consumerism, semiotics and identity theory are used. The results revealed that the development and acceptance of a minimalist residential design on a massive scale in South Kuta was due to the factor of capitalism and lifestyle changes.
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Setiawan, Sifa Arif. "PANCASILA DAN AJARAN ISLAM: MENEGASKAN KEMBALI ARGUMEN PENERIMAAN PANCASILA SEBAGAI DASAR NEGARA." Muẚṣarah: Jurnal Kajian Islam Kontemporer 1, no. 1 (October 13, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18592/msr.v1i1.3266.
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Abstract: Pancasila has been placed in opposition with Islam recently. This view is ahistorical and does not reflect sound understanding of Islamic teachings. This article re-affirms the argument to accept Pancasila as the state foundation. I combine historical data and reading of Islamic doctrines that emphasize the compatibility of the values of Pancasila and the values of Islam, also practices of Muslims in Nusantara. The implementation of the values of Pancasila will cultivate Islam ala Indonesia, which is friendly towards other ethnic groups, nations and religions, and will facilitate co-existence within diversity.Abstrak: Pancasila kembali dihadap-hadapkan dengan Islam dalam beberapa waktu terakhir. Pandangan ini sebenarnya ahistoris dan tidak mencerminkan pemahaman akan ajaran Islam. Artikel ini menegaskan kembali argumen penerimaan Pancasila sebagai dasar negara. Saya akan memadukan antara data sejarah dan pemahaman akan doktrin agama yang menekankan kesesuaian antara nilai-nilai Pancasila dan nilai-nilai Islam serta praktik Muslim di Nusantara. Saking sesuainya antara kedua hal itu, pengamalan nilai-nilai Pancasila akan memupuk tumbuh suburnya Islam ala Indonesia yang ramah bagi semua suku, bangsa dan agama lainnya serta terwujudnya suatu bangsa yang hidup bersama secara harmonis dan sejahtera dalam keragaman.
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Irsyadunnas, Irsyadunnas, and Nurmahni Nurmahni. "Rekonstruksi Tafsir Al-Quran Kontemporer (Studi Analisis Sumber dan Metode Tafsir)." Substantia: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Ushuluddin 22, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/substantia.v22i1.6119.
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One of the weaknesses of the classical tafseer (interpretation) method is the lack of concern of the mufassir (quran interpreter) to the context of the verse, therefore, their interpretations tend to be asocial or ahistorical. This paper offers a reconstruction of methods and sources of interpretation which resulted in a form of interpretation that is pertinent to the development of science and society. In interpretation study, it is necessary to have a balance in three aspects: text, context, and perspective. It should also involve three elements in coincide, namely, asbãb al-nuzûl (the occasion of revelation), language analysis, and Weltanschaung analysis or world view.Abstrak: Salah satu kelemahan metode tafsir klasik adalah kurangnya perhatian mufasir terhadap konteks sebuah ayat, sehingga melahirkan tafsir yang cenderung asosial atau ahistoris. Tulisan ini menawarkan sebuah konstruksi metode dan sumber tafsir yang bisa menghasilkan sebuah tafsir yang relevan dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan masyarakat. Dalam kajian tafsir perlu adanya keseimbangan dalam tiga hal yakni teks, konteks dan perspektif. Di samping itu juga harus melibatkan tiga unsur secara bersamaan, yakni asbãb al-nuzûl, analisis bahasa, dan analisis weltanschaung atau world view
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Pross, Addy, and Robert Pascal. "The origin of life: what we know, what we can know and what we will never know." Open Biology 3, no. 3 (March 2013): 120190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.120190.
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The origin of life (OOL) problem remains one of the more challenging scientific questions of all time. In this essay, we propose that following recent experimental and theoretical advances in systems chemistry, the underlying principle governing the emergence of life on the Earth can in its broadest sense be specified, and may be stated as follows: all stable (persistent) replicating systems will tend to evolve over time towards systems of greater stability. The stability kind referred to, however, is dynamic kinetic stability, and quite distinct from the traditional thermodynamic stability which conventionally dominates physical and chemical thinking. Significantly, that stability kind is generally found to be enhanced by increasing complexification, since added features in the replicating system that improve replication efficiency will be reproduced, thereby offering an explanation for the emergence of life's extraordinary complexity. On the basis of that simple principle, a fundamental reassessment of the underlying chemistry–biology relationship is possible, one with broad ramifications. In the context of the OOL question, this novel perspective can assist in clarifying central ahistoric aspects of abiogenesis, as opposed to the many historic aspects that have probably been forever lost in the mists of time.
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Nirwana, Aditya. "Menggunjing Relief Candi Borobudur sebagai “Cikal Bakal” Komik Indonesia." Citradirga - Jurnal Desain Komunikasi Visual dan Intermedia 2, no. 01 (May 15, 2020): 53–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33479/cd.v2i01.298.
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Merujuk pada kajian sejarah Komik Indonesia, sebagian besar kritikus dan peneliti bersepakat bahwa komik pertama Indonesia adalah Put On karya Kho Wan Gie, yang terbit pada tahun 1930-an di harian Sin Po dalam bentuk medium komik strip yang bernuansa humor. Namun sebagian diantaranya menganggap relief candi Borobudur, wayang beber, dan wayang kulit sebagai “cikal bakal” komik Indonesia. Hal ini menjadi ganjil ketika menganggap Put On sebagai komik Indonesia pertama, sembari meyakini relief candi Borobudur merupakan cikal bakal bentuk komik sebagai medium. Keduanya, secara historis tidak memiliki hubungan logis, baik dari segi kelanjutan (continuities) maupun perubahan (changes). Klaim semacam itu juga disebabkan oleh kejumbuhan pengertian tradisional komik yang ahistoris. Kejumbuhan ini menyebabkan relief candi Borobudur terseret ke dalam kategori komik (atau setidaknya ‘mirip komik’), dan diklaim sebagai cikal bakal komik Indonesia. Esai ini mengekplorasi konteks sosio-historio-kultural untuk mendedahkan hal tersebut. Dari uraian argumen didapatkan beberapa kesimpulan bahwa : 1) Relief candi Borobudur tidak dapat dikatakan sebagai cikal bakal komik Indonesia, keduanya tidak memiliki kontinuitas dan juga ‘garis’ genealogi yang cukup jelas; 2) Komik Indonesia modern tidak mewarisi tradisi relief maupun wayang dari segi stilisasi, teknik, material, proyeksi aksonometri dan juga arah baca; 3) Bentuk, struktur, karakteristik, dan medium komik Indonesia di awal-awal masa kemunculannya, dikenal oleh komikus Indonesia melalui proses belajar kepada pelukis/seniman asing, atau pengenalan terhadap komik Eropa dan Amerika yang terlebih dahulu masuk dan beredar di Indonesia.
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Junaedi, Mahfudz. "EPISTEMOLOGI HUKUM ISLAM KONTEMPORER." Manarul Qur'an: Jurnal Ilmiah Studi Islam 19, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32699/mq.v19i1.1599.
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Epistemologi atau teori pengetahuan adalah membahas secara mendalam segenap proses yang terlihat dalam usaha manusia memperoleh pengetahun. Ilmu-ilmu keIslaman sejak awal penyebaran agama ini mengalami dinamika yang progresif. Diantara indikator dinamika ilmu-ilmu Islam dalam konteks kekinian adalah berkembangnya berbagai disiplin keilmuan Islam termasuk didalamnya ilmu fikih atau hokum Islam. Bahkan secara inklusif ilmu-ilmu keislaman tidak hanya terbatas pada satu rumpun ilmu saja, tetapi semua ilmu yang berkembang dewasa ini. Tulisan ini bermaksud membahas terhadap salah satu ilmu Keislaman, yakni ilmu fikih dari sudut epistemologinya. Yakni tentang struktur dan cara kerja dari ilmu ini. Epistemologi menurut Koento Wibisono Siswomiharjo, merupakan salah satu penyangga eksistensi ilmu. Disamping ontologi dan aksiologi. Dikemukakannya tulisan ini untuk menunjukkan bahwa ilmu fikih sebagai ilmu yang mempunyai dua sisi pendekatan yakni normativitas dan historisitas, merupakan disiplin ilmu yang tidak ahistoris. Maksudnya terlepas dari logika-logika yang layaknya terpakai dalam sebuah science. Disamping itu fikih juga dinamis, inklusif, dan terbuka dalam memberikan jawaban-jawaban tentang persoalan-persoalan keumatan. Sebagaimana diketahui bahwa epistemologi berasal dari bahasa Yunani, Episteme yang berarti pengetahuan dan logos yang berarti teori. Epistemologi sering diartikan teori pengetahuan atau filsafat ilmu. Ada beberapa isu utama dalam bidang epistemologi ini, yaitu pertama, apa yang maksud dengan pengetahuan (Ilmu) Fiqih?, kedua, apa sumber pengetahuan itu?, ketiga, dari mana asal usul pengetahuan itu dan bagaimana kita mengetahuinya?, keempat, apakah pengetahuan yang diperoleh benar ?. Tulisan ini bermaksud menjawab beberapa pertanyaan di atas, berkaitan dengan epistemology hukum Islam, yakni dibatasi pada masalah struktur pengetahuan hukum Islam dan cara kerjanya, dan bagaimana penerapan hukum Islam dalam konteks Fikih Indonesia
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Kovacevic, Milos. "Hierarchical analysis of personal authonomy and the problem of manipulation." Theoria, Beograd 60, no. 2 (2017): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/theo1702085k.
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In the first part of the paper I investigate a hierarchical analysis of personal autonomy which is developed through Harry Frankfurt?s theory of free will and Gerald Dworkin?s theory of personal autonomy. Hierarchical analysis of personal autonomy considers person autonomous regarding desire A if he has the desire to have desire A. One of the main advantages of hierarchical analysis of autonomy is that it does not require a person to have any specific values to be considered autonomous. In spite of this and other advantages, hierarchical analysis of personal autonomy is facing the problem of manipulation which I will discuss in the second part of paper. Frankfurt`s theory is purely structural and ahistoric because it does not take in consideration a way of acquiring second order desires or desire to desire or not desire A. That allows the possibility of influences on a person that would diminish their autonomy. On another hand, Dworkin apparently avoids the problem of manipulation by introducing a requirement for procedural independence which protects a person from influences which are paradigmatic cases of violating of autonomy. However, Dworkin`s contribution is not theoretically satisfying because it is not enough for acceptable analysis of autonomy to just list few intuitive examples of constraining personal autonomy, but it is necessary to propose a reason why that kind of influences is considered dangerous for personal autonomy viz to establish some kind of criteria. Such criteria will enable us to evaluate borderline cases about which people have different intuitions according to it. That is the reason why the final goal of this paper is to contribute to the definition of criteria on which procedural independence will be based, through a systemic approach to the problem of manipulation.
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Umar, Sanober. "The Identity of Language and the Language of Erasure." CASTE / A Global Journal on Social Exclusion 1, no. 1 (February 14, 2020): 175–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.26812/caste.v1i1.29.
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Perhaps it is best to summarize what this article is not about, and then highlight what it seeks to do instead, finally surmising those strands together cohesively. This article is not on Urdu as a medium for self-fashioning elite Ashrafi Muslims in Lucknow who lamented the “death of the city” in shahr-i-adab (the city of high culture and noble manners) kind of literatures, instead it is about how Ashrafis came to be normatively portrayed by prominent leaders of the Congress in Uttar Pradesh as “foreigners.” This article is not exclusively about caste politics, but rather how the trope of the foreigner was used as a way to otherize and prevent some of the most downtrodden Muslims from availing affirmative action policies and how lower caste and Dalit Muslims themselves tried to find liberation away from their stigmatized caste histories, unfortunately without success as conversion did not eclipse casteist tropes against them. This article is not just about the institutional history of the fall of Urdu in Uttar Pradesh, but it focusses on how Urdu was used to shape the minority citizen status of Muslims, and how it impacted their political economy and caste histoies in Lucknow by using both written materials documenting these issues and oral testimonies of Ashrafi and Pasmanda Muslims in Lucknow. In the process, this article is about the contours that defined the production of Muslim minoritysm in India, externally by Post Colonial governmentality of the 1950s and internally by Muslims themselves who were compelled to “self homogenize” despite political and social fractures within the community in the face of demonizing and ahistoric stereotypes of the Muslim community as “backward Musalmaans” that ignored their multiple layers of institutionally created marginalization.
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Khalil, Nancy A. "Reflections on Political Islam." American Journal of Islam and Society 33, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 163–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v33i1.897.
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The International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT) participated in the annualmeeting of the American Academy of Religion (AAR) in Atlanta, GA, heldNovember 21-24, 2015. In addition to the participation of staff and associatesin several meeting events and panels, IIIT maintained a book booth in the ExhibitHall, co-organized a panel on “Opportunities and Challenges of TeachingIslamic Studies in Theological Seminaries,” and held its second annual AARReception and Special Lecture.Offering a tribute to Ismail al-Faruqi (d. 1986), IIIT co-founder and cofounderof the AAR’s “Study of Islam” section, Abubaker Alshingieti (executivedirector, IIIT) and Ermin Sinanović (director of research, IIIT) expressedgreat pride in rekindling a stronger IIIT presence at the AAR by reviving thehistorical link established by al-Faruqi. Fittingly, John Esposito (GeorgetownUniversity), al-Faruqi’s first doctoral advisee, delivered the keynote speech:“Reflections on Political Islam: Concepts and Contexts.”An intellectual giant in his own right, Esposito presented a historicalanalysis of the rise of political Islam movements during the latter half of thetwentieth century through his individual interactions, appointments, and presencein spaces of influence at critical times. His keynote speech served bothas an intellectual analysis as well as a personal journey, full of spontaneouslysprinkled firsthand stories and narratives from private conversations. He emphasizedthe critical need to avoid ahistoric analyses of such movements andto resist symptomatic treatments that have become a popular approach bywestern governments blind to their own roles in such undesired behaviors andviolence.Referring to challenges like ISIS and youth radicalization, Esposito statedthat “unless you understand the context within which political Islam arose...:who were the players, what were the issues for these movements, and alsowhat their interactions were with government, you can’t understand why wecontinue to screw up today.” Making specific reference to recent governmentinitiatives on Countering Violent Extremism that are youth-centric and targetthe great role religion occupies in people’s lives, he reminded the audiencethat discounting a history of oppression by western-backed authoritarianregimes is a myopic perspective to the rise of radicalism.His speech spanned over fifty years of political history and Americaninvolvement in Muslim-majority nations with an emphasis on the Iranian ...
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Muzakki, Hawwin, and Khoirul Mudawinun Nisa'. "Basis Transformasi Tradisi Pesantren Salaf di Era Modern (Kajian Semiotika Barthes dan Dekonstruksi Derrida)." QALAMUNA: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial, dan Agama 12, no. 01 (April 22, 2020): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.37680/qalamuna.v12i01.304.
Full textAbstract:
Pesantren has contributed to a system of values of local wisdom that has become a tradition and is believed to be a core value and belief. However, not a few pesantren traditions are underestimated, valued by the Orientalists as old-fashioned, traditional, sincretic, etc. The existence of a shift in the view of the pesantren tradition, encourages authors to deconstruct salaf pesantren traditions using the study of Barthes's semiotics and Derrida's deconstruction theory analysis by: 1) Finding the meaning of denotation and connotation through signs, signifier and signified, 2) Tracing the elements of aporia (paradoxical meaning, contradictory meaning, and irony meaning), and 3) Reversing or changing the (conventional) meanings. The results of the study concluded that: 1) The traditions that have been developed in the Salaf pesantren are the accumulated interpretations that have been passed on by the ancestors as the treasures of human psychology (al-makhzun al-nafs) which act as guide tools in a boarding school environment; 2) analysis of the deconstruction of the salaf pesantren tradition is done by severing the epistemological relationship to all authorities that shape the knowledge tradition by overhauling the standard and frozen relations system into a fluid system of relations, further accounted for giving reasonable sides in all the traditions that developed within.
Keywords: Semiotics, Roland Barthes, Deconstruction, Jacques Derrida, Pesantren Tradition
Abstrak
Pesantren telah melahirkan sistem nilai-nilai kearifan lokal yang menjadi tradisi dan diyakini sebagai nilai dasar (core belief and core values). Namun, tidak sedikit tradisi-tradisi pesantren dipandang sebelah mata, kolot, sinkretis, jumud dan kuno oleh kaum orientalis. Adanya pergeseran pandangan tersebut, mendorong penulis untuk mendekonstruksi tradisi pesantren salaf menggunakan kajian semiotika Barthes dan pisau analisis teori dekonstruksi Derrida dengan cara: 1) Mencari makna denotasi dan konotasi lewat tanda, penanda dan petanda, 2) Melacak unsur-unsur aporia (makna paradoks, makna kontradiktif, dan makna ironi), dan 3) Membalikkan atau merubah makna-makna yang sudah dikonvensionalkan. Penelitian kualitatif ini berlokasi di Pesantren Darussalam Mekar Agung Madiun. Melalui observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumentasi, disimpulkan bahwa: 1) Tradisi-tradisi yang telah berkembang di pesantren salaf merupakan akumulasi interpretasi yang telah diwariskan para leluhur sebagai khazanah kejiwaan manusia (al-makhzun al-nafs) yang menjadi pedoman dan piranti dalam lingkungan pesantren; 2) analisis dekonstruksi tradisi pesantren salaf dilakukan dengan memutuskan hubungan epistemologis terhadap segala otoritas yang membentuk tradisi pengetahuan dengan merombak sistem relasi yang baku dan beku, menjadi sistem relasi yang cair dan dinamis, dari yang mutlak menjadi relatif, dari ahistoris menjadi historis yang selanjutnya dipertanggungjawabkan untuk memberi sisi-sisi masuk akal (reasonable) dalam segenap tradisi yang berkembang.
Kata Kunci: Semiotika, Roland Barthes, Dekontruksi, Jacques Derrida, Tradisi Pesantren.