Relevant bibliographies by topics / Aid dependency / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Aid dependency.

Journal articles on the topic 'Aid dependency'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 20 July 2025

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Aid dependency.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

Collier, P. "Aid 'dependency': a critique." Journal of African Economies 8, no. 4 (1999): 528–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jae/8.4.528.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Le Goff, Maelan, and Kangni Kpodar. "Do Remittances Reduce Aid Dependency?" IMF Working Papers 11, no. 246 (2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781463923259.001.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Zakharov, A., and M. Rahimzoda. "Foreign Aid Dependency in Central Asia (Cases of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan)." World Economy and International Relations 68, no. 8 (2024): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2024-68-8-96-104.

Full text

Abstract:

For many years donor aid served as a key strategy utilized by wealthier nations to address the global disparities in developing world. Foreign aid was a source of financial resources for economic growth, infrastructure development and, social programs. However, in recent years, the nature of aid has shifted notably becoming an instrument with its far-reaching conditionality. Donor aid shapes policies in receiving states reflecting a more interventionist approach. Many scholars argue that donor aid paradoxically hinders recipient country&#180;s development causing dependency and this dependency is not only economic or financial but also political. The article draws parallels between the dependency theory and donor aid. The dependency theory emerging as opposed to modernity theory in the 1950th goaled to explain underdevelopment in Latin America has maintained its relevance nowadays and re-emerged in academic discourse. In the modern era, donor aid symbolizes the dependency of Global South on Global North. While aimed at poverty reduction and promotion of economic development in recipient nations, donor aid exacerbates issues such corruption, bad governance, mismanagement of natural resources, environmental degradation and constrains their sovereignty benefiting more donor countries rather than recipient ones. Through the cases of two poorest states in Central Asia – Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, the article enlightens the relationship between the dependency theory and donor aid with the special attention paid to Chinese enormous grants and loans. The research demonstrates how these two nations, due to limited resources and economic challenges, have heavily become reliant on foreign aid which in some cases hinder their sovereignty, political and economic independence.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Mayar, Habib Ur Rehman. "Statebuilding and Aid Dependency in Afghanistan." Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding 14, no. 4 (2020): 571–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17502977.2019.1704479.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Bulut, Osman Doğan, and Cengiz Sayın. "Determination of Factors Affecting “Level of Dependency on Social Aid” of Household Living in Rural Area: Iğdır Province Rural Area Example, Türkiye." Journal of Agricultural Sciences 31, no. 1 (2025): 100–109. https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.1490688.

Full text

Abstract:

Fighting against poverty has become an increasing topic both at international and national levels. In this context, social policy programmes and particularly the implementation and delivery of social aid programs are one of key policy tools widely used in many countries to alleviate poverty and reduce hunger. Assessing the Aid Dependency Rate (ADR) of the beneficiaries is of great importance to achieve the goal of designed and delivered social assistance programs. Therefore, this study determines beneficiaries’ level of dependency on social aid and the underlying factors. Primary data were collected through face-to-face survey from 210 households actively beneficiaries of public social aid selected by use of snowball sampling. Additionally, ordinal logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the factors affecting the level of need of households for public social aid. The findings showed that 46.7% of households were in low level dependency on social aid, 28.6% in intermediate level, and 24.8% in high level. Besides, the results of the ordinary logistic regression analysis revealed that the marital status, employment status of the household and the group of delivered social aid were significant factors affecting level of need for social aid (P&lt;0.05). Also, it shows that the odd ratio of household of being in high level increases 264.25 times if there is not any working individual compared to households with two or more working individuals (P&lt;0.01) whereas this ratio decreases to 3.71 (P&lt;0.05) in households by only one individual working. The study concludes that the presence of even one working individual is of great importance in order to prevent the household's dependence on social aid in high level. Consequently, designing social aid programs that consider the mentioned factors would help to fight against poverty.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Parkman, Thomas James, and Charlie Lloyd. "Mutual dependence and the “Goldilocks group”: exploring service user dependency on mutual aid recovery groups." Drugs and Alcohol Today 15, no. 1 (2015): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dat-01-2015-0001.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the theme of dependence on mutual aid identified in a previous paper. It is a theme which to date, has had very little empirical attention, especially in a UK context. Design/methodology/approach – A phenomenological approach was adopted. Interviews with service users, mentors and professional staff involved with the Learning to Live Again project were undertaken over a ten-month period of data collection. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Findings – It was found that service users with very little access to recovery capital or social support are at risk of developing a dependency on mutual aid. Dependence seemed to manifest itself in two different forms – those that over engaged with the project and those that under engaged with the project. Consequently, there were a cohort of service users identified that seemed to strike a balance with the project and their life outside the project that was “just right”. They were referred to as the “Goldilocks group”. Originality/value – This paper explored a theme which has had very little attention paid to it. The theme of dependence on mutual aid will raise the awareness of such a threat, thus helping to identify those in treatment most at risk of developing dependency on mutual aid, thus detrimentally impacting on mental wellbeing.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

KABONGA, ITAI. "Dependency Theory and Donor Aid: A Critical Analysis." Africanus: Journal of Development Studies 46, no. 2 (2017): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/0304-615x/1096.

Full text

Abstract:

This article is a theoretical interrogation and appreciation of the relationship that hitherto exists between the dependency theory and donor aid. A number of scholars have heaped aspersions on the relevance of the dependency theory. This article argues that dependency theory is still relevant and has flared in this current epoch. Donor aid has emerged as a symbol of dependency, supporting the argument on the relevance of dependency theory. Donor aid has emerged as a nuanced form of dependency on western countries. Dependency theory, which originated in the 1950s, has Singer and Prebisch as the progenitors— and emerged as a result of the growing dissatisfaction with modernity theories that had propounded that economic growth in developed countries was similarly going to lead to unabated growth and development in poorer countries. The theory is premised on resources being extracted from poorer countries to enrich wealthy nations. The continuation of this scenario has resulted in a situation where poverty has been exacerbated among the poorer nations, while the wealthy nations are becoming richer. . Donor aid has, in a plethora of ways, enriched the rich countries while dialectically impoverishing poor countries. It is not an exaggeration that donor money that is being extended to Third World countries, has created more employment, demand for goods and services in richer countries than in poorer countries, thus perpetuating underdevelopment in the latter. Donor aid has undoubtedly, been used as a rod to whip Third World countries at variance, with self-serving interests. On the other hand, the insatiable desire for aid has forced the poorer countries to submit to the dictates of the richer countries.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Tefera, Mamo G., and Nicholas M. Odhiambo. "The Dynamics of Foreign Aid Trends and Patterns Among Low- Income Countries in Africa." Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia 20, no. 2 (2020): 403–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/foli-2020-0056.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Research background: Foreign aid flows to Africa mostly the Low-Income Countries (LICs) have increased drastically since 2000. Increasing aid flows are expected to stimulate economic growth that can release resources towards enabling LICs to reduce aid dependency. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to discuss the dynamics of bilateral aid trends and patterns among 27 LICs in Africa during 2000–2017. The main question this study tries to answer is: how have aid sources, compositions and dependency changed in LICs? Research methodology: The study employs a descriptive analysis technique to analyses bilateral aid flows to LICs in Africa from 50 donors during 2000–2017. Results: Total net aid flows to LICs increased by 1.5 times during 2000–2017 and were predominantly in the form of grants (92.7%). The study found a shift of sectoral aid allocations from the economic and productive sectors towards the social sector. Net aid as a share of GDP increased almost two-fold; implying an increasing trend of aid dependency in several LICs. Novelty: This study tries to present a full account of bilateral aid flows both from Traditional Donors (TDs) and Non-Traditional Donors (NTDs), unlike many earlier studies that have focused on TDs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Shynkovych, Andrii, Anatolii Chynchyk, Zinoviy Berezivsky, Yevhen Kryvokhyzha, and Sergii Kuzmych. "Assessing Risks in the System of Economic and Food Security in the Current Context: Ukrainian Realities and the Global Environment." Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources 8, no. 1 (2025): 692–708. https://doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.080129.

Full text

Abstract:

The problem of food security is the most controversial topic of our time, as ensuring stable access to food remains a critical factor in socio-economic development and geopolitical stability. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of global food security from 2023–2025, focusing on the main factors affecting the level of food security in different regions of the world. Statistical indicators of food insecurity, the level of dependence on imports, the effectiveness of food aid and the financing of measures to ensure food stability are studied. The level of food security is assessed based on calculations of the food security coefficient, the level of food dependence on imports and the effectiveness of food aid, which allows us to determine the degree of vulnerability of individual regions. The results of the study show that Africa remains the most food-vulnerable region with the lowest food security ratio of 0.72 and the highest import dependency of 31.0%. Asia shows relative food stability with the lowest import dependency of 9.5%, while Latin America and North America have sufficient food self-sufficiency. The analysis of food aid effectiveness showed that the largest food deficit remains in Africa, where international food support covers only 40% of the required volume. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of food security financing, which in 2024–2025 demonstrates positive dynamics, in particular, increased investment in humanitarian aid and infrastructure projects. Key challenges to food security are identified, including rising inflation, climate change, geopolitical conflicts, and insufficient strategic reserves. Promising directions for improving food stability are proposed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Anjay, Kumar Mishra, and S. Aithal P. "Foreign Aid Contribution for the Development of Nepal." International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social Sciences (IJMTS) 6, no. 1 (2021): 162–69. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4708643.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose: Nepal is small and buetiful country with a great deficiency in infrastructure development.   Foreign aid is believed as key component for development in Nepal. The Paper aims to assess foreign aid contribution for developing Nepal. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study is based on secondary data from 2001/02 to 2014/15 with special reference to Swiss aid. The correlation and regression with normality test have been applied to conform the contributory association among GDP, Swiss Aid and total Aid. Findings/Result: The real GDP and Aid are highly associated. The regression line is well fit and explained that 85 percent real GDP depends on Swiss aid and the remaining 14 percent other variables. The coefficient of LNTAD is 0.35 and it shows that one percent increase in the total aid increases real GDP by 0.35 percent. The coefficient of LNTAD is positive and significant, meaning that the increase in the total aid increases economic growth in Nepal. By using Brush- Godfery LM test, the P value is more than 5 five percent, which is 32 percent indicates that there is no autocorrelation among the error terms.  Originality/Value: It is an empirical research to signify the contribution of aid for development of Nepal using inferential model. Paper Type: Analytical Policy Research

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Somkina, O. Y., A. V. Merinov, and M. A. Baqkova. "Key characteristics of women and men suffering from alcohol dependence in the context of auto-agressive behaviour." I.P.Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald 24, no. 4 (2016): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.23888/pavlovj2016478-83.

Full text

Abstract:

Aim. To define the clinically and practically significant differences in characteristics of women and men who suffer from alcohol dependency in terms of auto-aggressive behavior associated with alcohol dependence. The article presents the analysis of data obtained in 124 subjects divided into two groups 62 subjects each, women and men suffering from alcohol dependence.Results. The study shows that women and men suffering from alcohol dependence have certain features throughout the course of the disease in the context of the auto-aggressive behavior. Most of the subjects were characterized by a hereditary development of the alcohol dependency represented by the presence of the alcoholism in mothers among 32% of female patients versus 10% among male ones. Women, in general, had more severe alcohol dependence (84% of the female subjects had rapid progression of the disease). The duration of therapeutic remission in most of the cases was less than a year, there were no prolonged therapeutic remissions (3 to 5 years).Conclusion. Women and men have different course of the alcohol dependence, including the auto-aggressive behavioral characteristics, which in turn requires special attention of the medical services that provide narcological and anti-suicidal aid to both female and male patients. Development of gender-specific therapeutic approaches to the treatment of alcohol dependency is also required.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Somkina, O. Y., A. V. Merinov, and M. A. Baqkova. "Key characteristics of women and men suffering from alcohol dependence in the context of auto-agressive behaviour." I.P.Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald 24, no. 4 (2016): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.23888/pavlovj2016484-87.

Full text

Abstract:

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Bunga Sausan Sabilla, Herly Febri Fathiha, and Nur Azmi Rahmadhini. "Bantuan Luar Negeri dan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan di Indonesia: Antara Ketergantungan dan Kemandirian." Jurnal Manajemen Riset Inovasi 3, no. 1 (2025): 139–47. https://doi.org/10.55606/mri.v3i1.3441.

Full text

Abstract:

Although foreign aid has played an important role in Indonesia's economic growth, dependence on foreign aid may hinder efforts to achieve national self-reliance. The purpose of this study is to look at how foreign aid contributes to sustainable development and the consequences of Indonesia's reliance on economic and technological independence. A qualitative approach using a literature review that includes books, journal articles and government documents is the methodology used. The research findings show that while foreign aid improves human resource capacity and accelerates infrastructure development, it also fosters continued dependency, hinders domestic technological advancement, and weakens local innovation capabilities. Particularly in the energy industry, Indonesia continues to rely on imported technologies, and faces barriers in terms of skills transfer from donor countries. Therefore, this article suggests that a national plan be implemented with an emphasis on local capacity building, research and development funding, and cooperation between the industrial and academic sectors. In conclusion, Indonesia must increase its economic and technological independence and reduce dependence on foreign aid to achieve sustainable development.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Ouattara, Bazoumana. "Foreign Aid, Public Savings Displacement and Aid Dependency in Côte d'Ivoire: An Aid Disaggregation Approach." Oxford Development Studies 35, no. 1 (2007): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13600810601167579.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Hurtubia Torres, Jaime, and Jutta Neitzel. "Dependency traps in self-targeting food aid programs." Review of Development Economics 21, no. 4 (2017): e147-e174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rode.12320.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

BASSEY, MANASSEH. E., and NSIKAK STEPHEN EDET. "IMPACT OF FOREIGN AID AND INFRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF NIGERIAN RAILWAY CORPORATION." Social Sciences and Management International Journal 5, no. 1 (2024): 25–42. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13367635.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Infrastructural aid, regardless of its magnitude, forms the cornerstone of the international aid system. It plays a crucial role in poverty alleviation, creation of job opportunities, and addressing infrastructural deficits. In doing this, the aid recipient has to be prudent in its management of the aid received. For aid to be effective, the recipient country must manage it prudently. Mismanagement can lead to dependency and impede local investment and infrastructure development. Given the topic's broad scope, this research focuses on the impact of foreign aid on Nigeria's infrastructural development, specifically through the lens of the Nigerian Railway Corporation. This study examines the relationship between foreign aid inflow and the Nigerian Railway Corporation. It explores the relationship between foreign aid inflows and the effectiveness of infrastructure improvements, using dependency theory as a theoretical framework. Drawing on secondary data sources, the research assesses Nigeria's economic trajectory and potential advancements that could have been achieved with optimal utilisation of prior allocations. The findings highlight the diverse implications of foreign aid on infrastructure projects, emphasising both the challenges and opportunities for sustainable economic growth.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Shankman, Paul. "Phases of Dependency in Western Samoa." Practicing Anthropology 12, no. 1 (1990): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.12.1.kh0353863h4tu307.

Full text

Abstract:

Since the early 1970s, anthropologists and other social scientists have been studying dependency in the South Pacific. There are now a number of case studies of different types of dependency including agricultural exports, migration and remittances, foreign aid, tourism, and private foreign investment. There are also comparative studies of dependency in the region (Howard 1983; Howard 1984; Bertram and Watters 1985; Hamnett, et al 1984). Yet there are still relatively few analyses of the interrelationships among different types of dependency for particular South Pacific countries.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Neo, Michel Tchoumi. "REASSESSING THE STRUCTURE OF DEPENDENCY THEORY." INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH JOURNAL - IERJ 11, no. 1 (2025): 123–26. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15599356.

Full text

Abstract:

Dependency theory is an economic model that describes how poorer countries rely on richer countries for development. It focuses on the relationship between periphery countries and center countries within the global economy. At times, dependency theory can be overly broad, and its structure could be changed for the better. A good start at this is a structure that Allen Sens describes. It uses four classifications instead of three, which helps better describe the relationships between countries. A review of three periphery countries (Nigeria, Haiti, and Qatar) helps us understand the realities of dependency theory. These periphery countries' dependency has been assessed in three ways: colonialism and imperialism, debt and political dependency or aid, and technology or industry.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Agrawal, Nisha, Zafar U. Ahmed, Michael Mered, and Roger Nord. "Structural Adjustment, Economic Performance, and Aid Dependency in Tanzania." IMF Working Papers 93, no. 66 (1993): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451848748.001.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Little, Peter D. "Food Aid Dependency in Northeastern Ethiopia: Myth or Reality?" World Development 36, no. 5 (2008): 860–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2007.05.006.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Makenete, Andrew, Gerald Ortmann, and Mark Darroch. "Food‐aid dependency in Lesotho: Issues and policy implications." Development Southern Africa 15, no. 2 (1998): 251–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03768359808440009.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Mangwanya, Maonei. "Evaluating the impacts of foreign aid on low-income countries in Sub-Saharan Africa." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 11, no. 6 (2022): 370–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v11i6.1925.

Full text

Abstract:

Foreign aid comprises of a provision of financial resources or commodities such as food parcels or technical advice and training. The most prevalent type of foreign aid, particularly in developing countries, is Official Development Assistance (ODA) that strives to promote development and combat poverty. In Sub-Saharan Africa, there is a significant dependency on foreign aid which prompts the question; Is foreign aid completely necessary in developing African countries? With a high reliance on foreign aid the focus tends to shift from developing into self-sufficient economies and combating poverty to being dependent states. The paper explores the impact of foreign aid on the development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Because low-income countries are significantly reliant on aid, the study took a qualitative approach using the case study method featuring case studies from Kenya, Togo, and Zimbabwe. From the literature of the study, it is evident that the three countries had become dependent on foreign Aid. Conclusions drawn from the study show that foreign has become a recipe for dependency syndrome. Based on the findings from the literature, there is a need for private investments.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Mabuto, Morgen Peter, and Vincent Mpamhadzi. "The Farmer in the Yoke- Effects of Humanitarian Aid on Rural Farmers of Mberengwa Ward 17 (2005-2007) in Zimbabwe." Greener Journal of Social Sciences 3, no. 4 (2013): 180–86. https://doi.org/10.15580/gjss.2013.4.020813441.

Full text

Abstract:

The study sought to investigate the effects of donor aid on rural farmers of Mberengwa Ward 17 who received agricultural inputs between 2005 and 2007and continue to depend on humanitarian aid. The research used a descriptive survey design on a purposive sample of 20 farmers and 5 donor agents. Data were collected using two different open-ended interview schedules for the rural farmers and for the donor agents. .The data that were collected were presented using tables and were treated to qualitative analyses. The findings showed that the rural farmers had mixed perceptions of donors and aid. On one hand is a radical view that humanitarian aid is a form of compensation for the vices and plunder of resources by colonialists which is to be donated on a non-selective basis to all farmers. On the other hand, the perception is that only the deserving farmers must be assisted. Psychologically, the farmers have developed a dependency syndrome hence the ‘farmer in the yoke’ metaphor. Economically, the farmers are impoverished and vulnerable to food shortages. The research recommends that the donor community should conduct adult education programmes that accentuate the humanitarian face of donors and donor aid. It recommends that donor agents should bedrock such programmes in a 360 degrees- learner- involved cycle which should be conspicuous right from the concessionary discussion and planning stage, through to programme evaluation. By so doing, the programmes will heighten the farmers’ ability to depend on themselves for problem solving and promote sustainability in food production. Consequently, the farmer will be ‘unyoked’ from donor dependency and hunger.   

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Yunos, Nurulizzatie, Siti Aishah Hamzah, Muhammad Hibatullah Romli, Norafisyah Makhdzir, and Aishairma Aris. "Satisfaction on the Use of Mobility Aids Among Lower Limb Amputees and Impact on Activities of Daily Living in Selangor, Malaysia." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARE SCHOLARS 5, no. 1 (2022): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/ijcs.v5i1.221.

Full text

Abstract:

Introduction: This study aims to determine the level of satisfaction on the mobility aids the dependence in activities of daily living among amputees in Bangi, Selangor. Methods: The data was collected at Pusat Latihan Perindustrian dan Pemulihan (PLPP), Bangi in Selangor, Malaysia, on 55 lower-limb amputees using a cross-sectional design. An instrument used was adapted from Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with assistive Technology (QUEST 2.0) and Barthel Index (BI). These two instruments were combined to evaluate the satisfaction of assistive aids used and dependence of activities daily living. Results: Total mean score of level of satisfaction was 3.99 (95%CI=3.85–4.13) and level of dependence was 85.00 (95%CI=81.28–88.72). The Kruskal-Wallis test was conducted to evaluate the association of mobility aids used with level of satisfaction and level of dependence. The results showed there was no significant association between mobility aids used and level of satisfaction. Meanwhile there was a significant association between mobility aids used and dependence (p=0.001). Multiple linear regression test showed the combination of mobility aids used and level of satisfaction was found significantly associated with the level of dependency (p=0.024). The final analysis, when only mobility aids used was included as a single variable (without the combination with the level of satisfaction), it was found statistically associated with the level of independence while the level of satisfaction score is excluded. Conclusion: Mobility aids used was found no significant association with the level of satisfaction however, user who used cast prosthesis as mobility aids found prothesis provided them more dependency in performing activities daily living. Despite prothesis was found as the most convenience mobility aid, users did not see it as something that can give them satisfaction. This could be because of the mobility aids that provide dependency are not cost-effective. It is recommended that users can get more options to use mobility aids that can provide them dependency, nevertheless the mobility aids must be affordable for them.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Yadima, Gaius Jeff. "Post-Colonial Reading of the Politics of International Donor Support in Nigeria." International Journal of Education, Culture, and Society 3, no. 2 (2025): 390–405. https://doi.org/10.58578/ijecs.v3i2.5215.

Full text

Abstract:

This study critically examines the politics of international donor support in Nigeria through a post-colonial lens, exploring its implications for national sovereignty, economic development, and governance. The research investigates how foreign aid, while often framed as a development tool, perpetuates economic dependency and policy subjugation. Utilising dependency theory and post-colonial theory, the study evaluates the extent to which donor interventions influence Nigeria’s policy autonomy. This study adopts a qualitative approach, utilising secondary data from peer-reviewed journals, books, online materials and case studies. The findings indicate that while international aid has contributed significantly to healthcare, education, and infrastructure development, its effectiveness is often undermined by corruption, weak institutional frameworks, and external policy conditions imposed by donor agencies. Moreover, the study highlights the neo-colonial undertones of donor support, where funding is frequently tied to structural adjustments that limit Nigeria’s self-determination. The study concludes that achieving sustainable development in Nigeria requires a strategic shift towards economic diversification, enhanced transparency in aid management, and increased local ownership of development initiatives. Recommendations include strengthening governance institutions, reducing donor dependency, and fostering domestic revenue generation to ensure long-term economic resilience.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Caputo, Richard K. "Family Poverty and Public Dependency." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 78, no. 1 (1997): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.733.

Full text

Abstract:

The author used data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, survey year 1993, to identify determinants of public benefits among families above and below the official poverty line in 1992. The relative effects of sociodemographic and attitudinal/cultural characteristics were assessed to determine the likelihood of male and female respondents receiving Aid to Families with Dependent Children, food stamps, and/or unemployment-compensation benefits. Results indicated that many sociodemographic characteristics exerted similar influence on men and women regarding the likelihood of using public assistance regardless of poverty status. Marital status and education were notable exceptions. Findings suggested that men and women used public assistance as a buffer against economic vulnerability and that increased education might be a less effective means to self-sufficiency than commonly thought. Antipoverty policy implications are discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Medahunsi, S. O. "La Dependence dans I' Education au Tiers Monde: l'Exemple Africain." Journal of Educational Thought / Revue de la Pensée Educative 22, no. 1 (2018): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.55016/ojs/jet.v22i1.44207.

Full text

Abstract:

The paper examines the relationship between dependency and education, and the extent to which the modem educational systems as operated in the third word reinforce dependency. Some fundamental questions relating to the issues of foreign aid to education (i.e. capital and technical assistance), language and training and the way they reproduce and perpetuate dependency in education are critically explored. Suggestions on how to tack le some of the questions raised in the paper are made to facilitate the efforts of third world governments in making the education relevant to third world people.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Lin, Zhe, and Xiaojun Wan. "Neural Sentence Simplification with Semantic Dependency Information." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 15 (2021): 13371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i15.17578.

Full text

Abstract:

Most previous works on neural sentence simplification exploit seq2seq model to rewrite a sentence without explicitly considering the semantic information of the sentence. This may lead to the semantic deviation of the simplified sentence. In this paper, we leverage semantic dependency graph to aid neural sentence simplification system. We propose a new sentence simplification model with semantic dependency information, called SDISS (as shorthand for Semantic Dependency Information guided Sentence Simplification), which incorporates semantic dependency graph to guide sentence simplification. We evaluate SDISS on three benchmark datasets and it outperforms a number of strong baseline models on the SARI and FKGL metrics. Human evaluation also shows SDISS can produce simplified sentences with better quality.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Olakunde, B. O., D. A. Adeyinka, C. E. Ozigbu, et al. "Revisiting aid dependency for HIV programs in Sub-Saharan Africa." Public Health 170 (May 2019): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2019.02.016.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

P.C. "Dollars, diplomacy, and dependency: The dilemmas of U.S. economic aid." Orbis 37, no. 4 (1993): 676–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4387(93)90115-s.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Chaudhary, Mohammad Aslam, and Sabahat Anwar. "Foreign Debt, Dependency, and Economic Growth in South Asia." Pakistan Development Review 39, no. 4II (2000): 551–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v39i4iipp.551-570.

Full text

Abstract:

Many developing countries are following a policy to attract foreign capital through loans and other means to enhance investment. The inflow of these resources is seen as an addition to investment for accelerating economic growth. However, there are only a few success stories where such resources have made any significant contribution to improve the economic conditions of recipient country.1 Pakistan and other South Asian countries have received significant amount of foreign loans2 but its role is critical [Chaudhary and Ali (1993, 1996)]. In spite of increasing foreign aid, South Asia has emerged one of the poorest and illiterate regions of the world, having more than 500 million poor living below poverty line and about 46 percent of the world’s illiterate live in the South Asia [UNDP/MHHDC*(1997)]. This is the region, which has 22 percent of the world’s population, while having only 1.3 percent of the world’s income. It also appears one of the most indebted regions of the world [Anwar (1995)]. In spite of a significant inflow of foreign aid, the economic conditions remained poor in this region. Such a situation calls for an in depth analysis of the contribution of foreign aid. Therefore, this paper is focused to analyse the role and implications of international debt in South Asia. Besides, South Asia’s dependency upon foreign debt is also analysed.3 In addition, tendency of resources outflow from South Asia to other countries, in terms of debt services, is also identified.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Yusuf, Khalid Abdi, and Otieno Isaiah Oduor. "Determinants of the Republic of Qatar-Federal Republic of Somalia Development Aid Relations Since 2014." International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation XII, no. I (2025): 64–72. https://doi.org/10.51244/ijrsi.2025.12010006.

Full text

Abstract:

This article examined the determinants of the Republic of Qatar-Federal Republic of Somalia development aid relations. The study was guided by a double contribution of two theoretical perspective realisms and dependency and underdevelopment theories. The realist perspective assisted in evaluating to the political self- interest in the interactions. On the other hand, dependency and underdevelopment theory assessed the actual beneficiary in Somalia- Qatar partnership. This study employed the exploratory research design. A total of 120 respondents were selected for field interviews. Structure questionnaires and interview schedules were used as the main tools of data collection. This study employed both quantitative and qualitative methods of data analysis and interpretation. This study established that, ideological orientation, Somalia foreign policy and regional geo-political interests influenced development aid relations between the Federal republic of Somalia and its international partners. It was also noted that state strategic interests, religion and culture influence the Republic of Qatar-Federal Republic development aid to the Federal Republic of Somalia.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Hoyer, Brian. "Nipe Nikupe: Dependency, Reciprocity, and Paradoxes of Food Aid in Lugufu Refugee Camp Kigoma, Tanzania." Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad 12, no. 1 (2005): 31–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v12i1.179.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

BLAIKIE, ANDREW. "Nuclear hardship or variant dependency? Households and the Scottish Poor Law." Continuity and Change 17, no. 2 (2002): 253–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416002004204.

Full text

Abstract:

The ‘nuclear hardship’ hypothesis claims that where nuclear families predominated collective aid prevailed, whereas extended households were co-extensive with kin-based support. This article tests this assumption by considering the relationship between households and the Poor Law in Lowland Scots communities after 1845. While cross-sectional census data are inconclusive, a longitudinal analysis based on case study evidence, including temporary as well as permanent relief patterns, suggests that ‘nuclear hardship’ might be replaced by a model that matches household structure with the varying sources of aid given during critical life situations while focusing upon applicants as negotiators rather than victims.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Sommer, Jamie M., Samia Tasmim, and John M. Shandra. "Gender-Focused Bilateral Aid in the Environmental Sector." Sociology of Development 7, no. 4 (2021): 365–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sod.2020.0028.

Full text

Abstract:

According to feminist political ecology, women are uniquely and disproportionately affected by forest loss in many low- or middle-income countries (LMICs) because of gender divisions with regard to labor, land access, and forest resources. However, most macro-comparative theories of development (including economic dependency, ecological modernization, treadmill of production, world society, and neo-Malthusian theories) tend to ignore gender. We draw on ideas from feminist political ecology to examine how gender-focused bilateral aid in the environmental sector impacts forest loss from 2001 to 2015. To do so, we analyze data for 79 LMICs using ordinary least squares regression. We find that more gender-focused bilateral aid in the environmental sector is related to less forest loss. We also find support for economic dependency theory (more agricultural and forestry exports are related to more forest loss) and neo-Malthusian theory (more population growth is related to more forest loss). The main finding on bilateral financing supports the idea that gender should receive more attention in cross-national research, especially the integration of gender-related measures into analyses to refine and expand conventional macro-theories of development.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Bornstein, Robert F. "Dependency and patienthood." Journal of Clinical Psychology 49, no. 3 (1993): 397–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(199305)49:3<397::aid-jclp2270490314>3.0.co;2-v.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Lightbody, K. A., A. J. Kinshuck, and A. J. Donne. "Pre-operative overnight pulse oximetry to predict high dependency unit intervention in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnoea." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 128, no. 4 (2014): 360–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215114000577.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractBackground:Post-operative high dependency unit beds are often requested for patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnoea. This study evaluated the utilisation of high dependency unit beds for such cases at our institution, a paediatric tertiary referral centre.Method:A retrospective case note review of patients admitted to the high dependency unit following adenotonsillar surgery for obstructive sleep apnoea, over a two-year period, was performed.Results:Sixty-six cases were identified. Thirty-nine patients underwent pre-operative overnight pulse oximetry; of these, 30 patients had desaturations noted. Seventeen patients had significant post-operative desaturations. These were predicted in all 11 patients who had undergone pre-operative pulse oximetry. The remaining six had not undergone pre-operative pulse oximetry. Nineteen patients required high dependency unit care; eight had experienced post-operative desaturations.Conclusion:High dependency unit care may be required following adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnoea. In this study, pre-operative overnight pulse oximetry had 100 per cent sensitivity in predicting post-operative desaturations, and may therefore aid the appropriate utilisation of high dependency unit beds for patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnoea.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abeles, Paul, Eleri Holmes, Malli Wadge, Peter Hodgkinson, and Adam Danquah. "CAMHS dependency scoring: clarity and clinical relevance of the CAMHS-AID." Paediatric Care 20, no. 2 (2008): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/paed2008.03.20.2.30.c6527.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Combes, Jean-Louis, Rasmane Ouedraogo, and Sampawende J. A. Tapsoba. "Structural shifts in aid dependency and fiscal policy in developing countries." Applied Economics 48, no. 46 (2016): 4426–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2016.1158920.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Hilary, John. "Africa: Dead Aid and the return of neoliberalism." Race & Class 52, no. 2 (2010): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306396810377010.

Full text

Abstract:

Dambisa Moyo’s 2009 book Dead Aid sought to revive the neoliberal prescriptions for Africa’s development that were promoted by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund during the 1980s and 1990s. This article argues that implementing such prescriptions would repeat the catastrophic errors of Africa’s two ‘lost decades’ and that the real alternative to aid dependency lies not in the free market but in development that is genuinely accountable to local communities.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Onoriode, Johnbull, and Ayegbunam Francis Ikenga. "Foreign Aids and Nigeria’s National Development: A Study of the Fourth Republic." Pinisi Journal of Social Science 4, no. 1 (2025): 91. https://doi.org/10.26858/pjss.v4i1.73123.

Full text

Abstract:

Foreign aid has remained a crucial component of international development cooperation, especially for developing countries like Nigeria. Since the return to democratic governance in 1999 (the Fourth Republic), Nigeria has witnessed a steady inflow of foreign assistance to address developmental challenges and support socio-economic growth. This study examined the effects of foreign aid on national development in Nigeria during the Fourth Republic, focusing on sectors such as health, education, and infrastructure. With a growing inflow of foreign assistance since 1999, especially following the Paris Club debt relief in 2005, Nigeria has received substantial aid from bilateral and multilateral donors. This study used a historical research design, with content analysis applied for data evaluation. It focuses on thoroughly reviewing documented information, from which relevant materials were extracted for analysis. The study was anchored on the Dependency Theory, which argues that foreign aid, while beneficial, can perpetuate dependency if not managed properly. It further explores the role of institutional capacity, governance, and corruption in determining the success of aid projects. The data collected for this study were synthesized and analyzed using trend analysis techniques. The findings reveal that foreign aid has contributed positively to Nigeria’s health, education, and infrastructure sectors. However, systemic challenges, including weak governance, corruption, and poor coordination among stakeholders, have undermined the effectiveness of aid. The study concluded that despite the potential of foreign aid to stimulate national development, its impact is often hindered by governance deficiencies and institutional inefficiencies. Finally, this study recommended, among others, that the government should strengthen institutional capacity and governance by prioritizing training, capacity-building initiatives, and the creation of clear accountability structures to ensure effective utilization of foreign assistance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Niyitunga, Eric Blanco, and Justice K. Musya. "Dependency syndrome within Africa’s international relations: A hindrance to sustainable development in Africa." Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development 8, no. 9 (2024): 7052. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i9.7052.

Full text

Abstract:

Using a qualitative research methodology and exploratory approach to collect data, this study assessed the effects of dependency syndrome within Africa’s international relations and its repercussions for achieving sustainable development. The collected data were analysed using document and content analysis techniques. The study revealed that dependency syndrome within Africa’s international relations has led to aid dependency, political violence, and poverty. It has promoted laziness and an inferiority complex that affects the working conditions of Africans. Further, it has promoted corruption and affected the rule of law for good governance; yet, sustainable development cannot occur without it. Moreover, dependency syndrome has inhibited innovation and led to the destruction of the local industries that are key to achieving sustainable development. The results of the study found that dependency syndrome has prevented the development of a robust transport network system that could promote African trade relations, which would lead to sustainable development. The results also posited that chronic poverty and underdevelopment in Africa are perpetuated by the dependency syndrome within Africa’s international relations. The study recommended that Africa needs to overcome dependency syndrome and reform her international relations with external world. This would require establishing a continental sovereignty that enables the continent to have one common foreign policy within its planning diplomacy endeavours.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Bassi, Marco. "The Making of Unsustainable Livelihoods - An Ongoing Tragedy in the Ethiopian Drylands." Policy Matters 10, September (2002): 7–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1167851.

Full text

Abstract:

Written in 2002, this article anticipates the debate on 'land grabbing'. It correlates increasing famine and dependency on food aid to the process of progressive dispossession of natural resources faced by the Ethiopian pastoral communities.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Sansoucy, Rene. "The role of aid organization." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1990 (March 1990): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600018304.

Full text

Abstract:

Experience over three decades of international projects aimed at assisting developing countries has shown that direct transfer of technology from developed countries has widely failed in the sector of Animal Production as in many other sectors. At best this transfer of technology has led to systems requiring high levels of imports in capital, feeds, genetically high producing animals and equipment, which require external technical assistance. These imported inputs which are usually highly subsidized have to a certain extent sometimes allowed a substantial improvement in output levels (eg. in poultry production). In some cases self-sufficiency has been attained, but never self-reliance. This has maintained or increased the dependency of developing countries. Therefore there is a need to base projects on a technology which is more appropriate and may be acceptable and profitable to the beneficiaries.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Wardlow, Holly. "“I am a dead woman”." Focaal 2021, no. 90 (2021): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2021.900102.

Full text

Abstract:

HIV/AIDS can be understood as “an epidemic of signification” (Treichler 1987) not only about dangerous sexuality but also about dangerous relations of dependence. I begin by examining newspaper articles and nongovernmental organization reports to show how they pose alarmist questions about AIDS-related dependency, such as who will care for “AIDS orphans” and how will labor deficits be managed. I then turn to the Papua New Guinea context and focus on the experiences of women living with HIV who oft en narrate themselves as embodying state dependencies on foreign aid for their antiretroviral medications. In contrast, they typically resist their kin’s attempts to position them as wayward dependents who should be grateful for being given food and shelter.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Mireille, Rwemalika, Twagirimana Bindi Bienvenue Alain, and Animashaun Samuel Adejare. "Neocolonial Realities of Western Aid in Africa during 21st Century." Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies 50, no. 12 (2024): 292–300. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i121697.

Full text

Abstract:

This article explores the neocolonial dynamics of Western aid to Africa in the 21st century, analyzing its historical origins, contemporary mechanisms, and socio-economic impacts. Despite the formal end of colonial rule, African nations remain entrenched in dependency systems that mirror colonial exploitation. Structural adjustment programs compelled by international financial institutions have exacerbated economic subjugation, undermined sovereignty, and facilitated resource extraction to benefit Western corporations. Western aid often imposes cultural norms and values, weakening indigenous knowledge systems and traditions. Through detailed analyses and case studies of nations such as Congo, Angola, Mozambique, Sudan, and Nigeria, the study identifies recurring patterns of elite capture and systemic corruption that divert aid benefits away from the broader population. In Congo, for instance, resource exploitation has driven persistent conflict and poverty. Angola and Mozambique have faced similar dynamics, with foreign interference fueling civil unrest and resource-driven inequalities. In Sudan, neocolonial pressures have exacerbated internal conflicts and hindered political stability. Nigeria, despite its vast oil wealth, illustrates the paradox of resource abundance coexisting with widespread poverty and infrastructure decay, highlighting the structural deficiencies imposed by neocolonial frameworks. Findings reveal that Western aid mechanisms perpetuate underdevelopment, stifling sustainable growth and local agency while maintaining a dependency cycle. The article decolonized approach to aid, centered on equitable partnerships, African-led development strategies, and transformative practices that prioritize local needs and self-reliance. By addressing these systemic challenges, Africa progress toward sovereignty, inclusivity, and sustainable development beyond the shadow of neocolonialism.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Majak, Joseph Cirilo Deng. "South Sudan’s Health System and Aid Dependency Insights from the Perspectives of the Public Health Experts in South Sudan." International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation X, no. XI (2023): 583–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.51244/ijrsi.2023.1011049.

Full text

Abstract:

South Sudan is one of the countries that depends largely on the foreign aid. Health system in South Sudan has been funded by the health pooled fund, a consortium formed by the UKAID, USAID and others to finance primary and secondary health services to the people in need. The other sectors of the government are equally funded by external aid and donors’-based funding. The idea of the external aid is usually to provide support, alleviate hunger, end poverty, foster economic development of the local economy and importantly help the government organs to transit and be more independent with some sustainable policies and projects. This qualitative research attempt is to inquire more about the reasons of aid dependency especially for the health system in South Sudan from the perspective of national public health experts working in the humanitarian and government led institutions. Public health experts in South Sudan believe that external aid can be a blessing to the country if managed well and in line with the 2005 Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness that focused on donor harmonization, country ownership, alignment with the recipient country’s national development strategies, accountability between donors and countries to be an effective way to increase the positive impact of aid(6). The participants however admitted that this was not the case for aid management in South Sudan and that corruption, mismanagement and issues related to donor’s regulations have made it impossible for the external aid to make its intended effect and mandate to strengthen the local system and support the government’s reforms for a more sustainable approach.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Cai, C.-L., and R.-B. Xiao. "The method for uncoupling design with the aid of systematic inventive thinking." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 222, no. 3 (2008): 435–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes568.

Full text

Abstract:

The independence axiom in axiomatic design (AD) states that the smaller functional dependency, the better system performance. This paper aims to develop an effective and widely applicable method for uncoupling design. First, the relationships, compatibilities, and possibility of integration between AD and systematic inventive thinking (SIT) are analysed. According to the analysis, a new uncoupling method based on SIT is proposed. Next, the detailed uncoupling steps of this method are explained and a strategy to upgrade an old system or develop new systems based on an existing one is proposed in terms of this uncoupling method. Then, an example of solving vibration and noise problem of flushing facility is used to illuminate this method. Finally, a discussion of the proposed uncoupling method and the possible extension of this method with theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) are presented. This proposed uncoupling method is different from the conventional approaches, which avoids measuring functional dependency, harmonizing parameters, or searching substitutable technological ideas.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Aida, Ahmed Muhammad, Norsida Man, Nolila Mohd Nawi, Ismail Abd. Latif, and Nabara Isah Shehu. "THE EFFECTS OF FOREIGN AID TOWARDS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION INTENTION AMONG FARMERS IN AFGOOYE DISTRICT, SOMALIA." Food & Agribusiness Management 2, no. 2 (2021): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/fabm.02.2021.81.84.

Full text

Abstract:

The study examines the factors influencing farmers’ dependency on foreign foods aid towards agricultural production intention in Afgooye district, Somalia. Multi-stage cluster sampling using a stratified procedure to select the sample was used and 400 farmers were randomly chosen from four villages in Afgooye district. Factor analysis results result revealed climate change effect explain 36.090% variance, epidemics and health explain 11.552% variance, farming inputs explain 6.886% variance, and dependency syndrome explained 57.319% variance of the respondents’ intention to engage in crop production in the study area. The Regression analysis was conducted to determine the most significant factors. The results of the findings show that Epidemics and health concern has the highest Beta value of 0.659 (P<0.000), followed by farming inputs which are 0.152 (P<0.000), then dependency syndrome with Beta value 0.147 and P-value significant at P<0.000. However, climate change (B= -0.007, P<0.866) has a very low negative Beta value and therefore, has no significant influence on crop production intention of the respondents. Finally, the crop production intention among Somali farmers in the wake of food aids occurred because they were not ready to embrace the use of new crop production technology or envisage starting crop production using improved technology in the future.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Goldsmith, Arthur A. "Foreign Aid and Statehood in Africa." International Organization 55, no. 1 (2001): 123–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002081801551432.

Full text

Abstract:

Has foreign aid destroyed state institutions in Africa? African states depend on development assistance to conduct basic government operations, yet few of these states are well governed or effective at providing public goods. The two trends, mounting foreign aid and static or diminishing state performance, raise an obvious question: Is aid dependency contributing to misrule and state failure in Africa? Many critics argue the two phenomena are related. I find they are not. My analysis fails to show a negative association between aid receipts and two measures of democracy and economic freedom. Instead, the evidence is consistent with a small, positive relationship between aid and these indicators of state performance. Since the international community seems bent on reducing foreign aid, an important issue is how African states can maintain and improve their performance with less foreign assistance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!