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1

Soliman, Hussein H., and Manal M. Abd Almotgly. "Psychosocial Profile of People with AIDS and Their Caregivers in Egypt." Psychological Reports 108, no. 3 (June 2011): 883–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/02.13.17.pr0.108.3.883-892.

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Caring for individuals with AIDS in developing countries represents a major crisis to families and natural caregivers. This study presents the psychosocial profiles of people with AIDS and their caregivers in Egypt to assess the effects of HIV/AIDS on patients, their caregivers, and the factors that influence caregiving and support. Various stressors and challenges for patients as well as hardships the caregiver faces were explored. The literature documents difficulties such as inadequate health care services, lack of resources, and stigma that patients experience in developing countries. Findings indicate an association between the psychosocial effects of AIDS on patients and their caregivers.
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2

Wardlaw, Linda A. "Sustaining Informal Caregivers for Persons with AIDS." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 75, no. 6 (June 1994): 373–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104438949407500606.

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Friends, partners, and relatives of persons with HIV/AIDS face significant challenges in providing for the emotional, physical, and practical needs of their loved ones. Moreover, the responsibilities of caregiving often disrupt work life, finances, living arrangements, and relationships with family and friends as well as tax the emotional and physical well-being of the caregiver. The author reports on the experiences of 642 informal caregivers to persons with AIDS in order to identify the type of care provided; the physical, emotional, and financial costs of caring for a loved one with AIDS; the resources available to assist caregivers; and the benefits of providing such care.
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3

Djannatun, Titik, Erlina Wijayanti, and Yusnita Yusnita. "PELATIHAN CAREGIVER ODHA DI JAKARTA DENGAN MEDIA AUDIOVISUAL." JURNAL PENGABDIAN KEPADA MASYARAKAT 25, no. 2 (October 18, 2019): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jpkm.v25i2.14019.

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Edukasi bagi caregiver ODHA tidak selalu diberikan dengan lengkap mengingat kurangnya tenaga kesehatan yang mendampingi dan belum terstandarnya metode pendampingan caregiver. Tujuan kegiatan adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan caregiver pasien HIV/AIDS melalui film edukasi. Sasaran kegiatan adalah pelaku rawat pasien HIV AIDS di Jakarta sebanyak 10 orang. Metode kegiatan yang digunakan berupa pemberian edukasi bagi caregiver mengenai urgensi pengobatan dan motivasi kepatuhan berobat serta testimoni dari role model. Sebanyak 10 orang caregiver terlibat dalam pelatihan. Sebagian besarnya laki-laki (90%), berusia 35-35 tahun (90%), dan berpendidikan menengah (60%). Dari pelatihan didapatkan rata-rata pengetahuan meningkat dari cukup menjadi baik. Evaluasi terhadap video berdurasi 6 menit yang dibuat adalah diperlukannya animasi yang lebih banyak dan perlu menampilkan pasangan ODHA di sesi testimoni role model. Diharapkan pengabdian masyarakat ini dapat menjadi solusi bagi tenaga kesehatan dalam menyampaikan pendidikan kesehatan untuk pelaku rawat HIV AIDS Kata kunci: media, edukasi, caregiver, ODHA. Abstract Education for HIV caregivers is not always provided in full considering the lack of health workers who assist and have not yet standardized caregiver assistance methods. The purpose of the activity is to improve caregiver knowledge of HIV / AIDS patients through educational films. The target of the activity was 10 people caring for HIV AIDS patients in Jakarta. The method of activity used was in the form of providing education for caregivers regarding the urgency of treatment and motivation for treatment compliance and testimony of role models. A total of 10 caregivers were involved in the training. Most are male (90%), aged 35-35 years (90%), and middleclass education (60%). From the training, the average knowledge increased from fair to good. The evaluation of the 6-minute video that was made was the need for more animations and needed to present HIV partners in a testimonial role model session. It is hoped that this community service can be a solution for health workers in delivering health education for HIV/AIDS caregivers Keywords: media, education, caregiver, HIV.
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4

Biswas, Bisanka, Rajib Saha, Dibakar Haldar, and Indrajit Saha. "Level of stress perception and predictors of higher stress perception among informal primary caregivers of Eastern Indian people living with HIV/AIDS." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 10 (September 26, 2019): 4374. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20194497.

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Background: HIV illness and its related problems were significantly and positively correlated with both caregiver’s burden and caregiver’s adjustment. As there were limited studies on HIV caregiver’s stress, present study was conducted to estimate the magnitude and level of perceived stress among the predominant informal care giver of the PLHIV and to find out its correlates.Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive epidemiological study conducted on informal primary caregiver of PLHIV who was receiving ART since more than 2 months and attending the FIART centre of Bankura Sammilani Medical College and Hospital, Bankura between July 2018 to December 2018. PLHIV who were severely ill and informal caregivers having a psychological illness, disability, a severe form of chronic diseases except for HIV, were excluded. Data were collected using predesigned, pretested, semi-structured interviewer administered anonymous questionnaire including 10 points Sheldon Cohen’s perceived stress scale (PSS) following simple random sampling method. Multivariate logistic regression was done to find out the predictors of higher stress using SPSS software version 22.0.Results: Ultimately 108 caregivers were included. Mean score of PSS was 19.93±11.44 and score ranges from 0 to 40. In multivariate linear regression, it was found that caregiver who were belonging to lowest socio economic status were 3.9 times more perceive moderate to high stress than others. If HIV patients were suffering from other co-morbidities their primary caregiver perceived moderate to high stress 6.2 times more than others.Conclusions: Support group interaction among caregivers can alleviate the stress.
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5

Goss, Elizabeth. "Living and Dying with AIDS." Journal of Pastoral Care 43, no. 4 (December 1989): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002234098904300402.

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Describes how caregivers may work with AIDS patients to assist them in their attempts to remain in control of their deaths. Reports, using actual case materials, how being authentically present in the dying and death struggles may assist AIDS patients and their extended families. Notes the importance of the caregiver coming to grips with his or her own mortality, and claims that this ministry is a clear example of God's acceptance as mediated through human hands and hearts.
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6

Linsk, Nathan L., and Dorie J. Gilbert. "HIV/AIDS Caregivers and Services." Journal of HIV/AIDS & Social Services 2, no. 3 (April 21, 2004): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j187v02n03_01.

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7

Anonymous. "Assessment Test for AIDS Caregivers." Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 27, no. 6 (June 1989): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0279-3695-19890601-21.

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8

E, Mangoro, Chitura M, and Mayida A. "An Assessment of the Experiences of Caregivers of Children with HIV and AIDS at a Children’s Opportunistic Infections Clinic: Zimbabwe." International Journal of Emerging Research in Management and Technology 6, no. 6 (June 29, 2018): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijermt.v6i6.257.

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The purpose of the study was to assess the experiences of caregivers of children with HIV and AIDS at a Children’s opportunistic infections clinic in Zimbabwe. The main objectives of the study were to determine the kind of relationships existing between the caregivers and the children, to establish the caregivers’ level of knowledge of HIV and AIDS, the treatment modalities involved, to assess the caregivers’ levels of adherence to ART, to establish the caregivers’ support systems and to find out the problems faced by caregivers during their care giving roles. A mixed method approach was employed. A sample of ten caregivers, comprising 4 biological mothers, 3 female relatives, 1 male relative, 1 foster parent and 1 child caregiver was drawn from a population of 423 caregivers of children with HIV and AIDS. who had defaulted treatment and/or missed review dates. The main findings of the study were that, most of the caregivers were the children’s biological mothers and female relatives, and they had known the children since birth. It was found that, prior to the initiation of ART, all the participants were trained to care for the children and were given guidelines on nutrition and drug therapy. Furthermore, all the participants showed knowledge of HIV and AIDS, its prevention and management. While participants mentioned that they received social support from family and friends, it was noted that the burden of care still fell hard on them as they were the ones who stayed with the children and had to be physically available to give care. The challenges faced by caregivers in adhering to ART were found to be financial constraints, living remotely from health care centers, transport problems, contradictory cultural beliefs and stigma. Recommendations included increasing staff compliment, step up sensitization campaigns through Health education programmes and disseminate research findings to stakeholders. Funds permitting, two year longitudinal studies be undertaken in Zimbabwe to ascertain ART adherence.
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9

Clipp, Elizabeth C., Anthony J. Adinolfi, Lanna Forrest, and Charles L. Bennett. "Informal Caregivers of Persons with AIDS." Journal of Palliative Care 11, no. 2 (June 1995): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/082585979501100203.

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10

Sunderland, Ronald H. "AIDS: Some Issues for Pastoral Caregivers." Journal of Pastoral Care 43, no. 4 (December 1989): 293–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002234098904300401.

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11

POWELL-COPE, GAIL M. "Family Caregivers of People with AIDS." Nursing Research 43, no. 6 (November 1994): 324???330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006199-199411000-00002.

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12

Brewington, Janice Gilyard. "The AIDS epidemic: Caring for caregivers." Nursing Administration Quarterly 18, no. 2 (1994): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006216-199401000-00010.

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13

Vreeman, Rachel Christine, Michael Lawrence Scanlon, Wanzhu Tu, James Slaven, Carole McAteer, Josephine Aluoch, Samuel Ayaya, and Winstone Mokaya Nyandiko. "Validation of an HIV/AIDS Stigma Measure for Children Living with HIV and Their Families." Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) 18 (January 1, 2019): 232595821988057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325958219880570.

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Background: There are few validated tools to measure stigma, particularly among children living with HIV and their families. Methods: This study was nested within a larger study that followed 240 child–caregiver dyads (children aged 10-15 years) at 8 clinics in western Kenya. The stigma instrument was administered to all child–caregiver dyads at 2 time points 6 months apart. The primary end point was to construct validity assessed by comparison to criterion constructs using generalized estimating equation models. Results: Mean age of child participants was 12.3 years and 52% were female. Generally, caregivers reported experiencing higher levels of HIV stigma compared to their children. Children (9%) and caregivers (14%) reported that HIV stigma made them feel stressed, anxious, and depressed. Child and caregiver stigma items showed high construct validity by emotional and behavioral outcomes. Conclusions: The stigma instrument showed high validity when compared to emotional and behavioral outcomes.
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14

Wang, Shou-Yu Cindy, Mei-Li Chang, and Ying-Ying Chang. "Looking for an answer under the shadow−Life narratives among people living with HIV/AIDS and their caregivers." Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 11, no. 8 (March 30, 2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v11n8p11.

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In Taiwan, the number of cases of newly diagnosed AIDS is increasing every year, and those diagnosed tend to be younger people. Antiretroviral therapy has increased the overall survival rate; however, people living with AIDS face many problems in adapting to this lifelong illness. In this study, we investigate the life narrative and interactions of people living with AIDS and their caregivers. Using a narrative approach, 12 participants, consisting AIDS patients and their caregivers, were invited to one-on-one in-depth interviews to explore their life experience. The study’s results identified five themes: an inability to speak to others about AIDS, isolating oneself from the world, promises that cannot be given, condemnation from others for having AIDS, and having an unknown future. The stories were based on these five themes. Understanding the life narratives of those with AIDS can help to address and resolve the problems associated with living with AIDS. When medical science and technology are advancing, the Internet, media, and other more directed education have enabled easy acquisition of AIDS-related knowledge. AIDS has become a chronic disease. However, the public still cannot accept AIDS. People living with AIDS and their caregivers have not been able to walk out of the shadow of the disease, as even for those who are willing to reveal their illness, the results do not always turn out well. People living with AIDS and their caregivers can only secretly take care of and encourage each other.
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Richter, Linda M., Tamsen J. Rochat, Celia Hsiao, and Thembelihle H. Zuma. "Evaluation of a Brief Intervention to Improve the Nursing Care of Young Children in a High HIV and AIDS Setting." Nursing Research and Practice 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/647182.

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The HIV epidemic in South Africa is putting great strain on health services, including the inpatient care of young children. Caregivers and young children (107 pairs) and 17 nurses participated in an intervention to improve the care of young children in hospital in a high HIV and AIDS setting. The intervention addressed caregiver expectations about admission and treatment, responsive feeding, coping with infant pain and distress, assistance with medical procedures, and preparation for discharge and home care. Following a preparatory and piloting phase, measures of nurse burnout, caregiver physical and emotional well-being, and caregiver-child interaction were made before and after intervention. No changes were found between before and after intervention on assessments of caregiver wellbeing. However, mothers in the postintervention phase rated nurses as more supportive; mother-child interaction during feeding was more relaxed and engaged, and babies were less socially withdrawn. While the intervention proved useful in improving certain outcomes for children and their caregivers, it did not address challenging hospital and ward administration or support needed by caregivers at home following discharge. To address the latter need, the intervention has been extended into the community through home-based palliative care and support.
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Ohnishi, Mayumi, Keiko Nakamura, Masashi Kizuki, Kaoruko Seino, Tomoko Inose, and Takehito Takano. "Caregivers’ and non-caregivers’ knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS and attitude towards HIV/AIDS and orphans in Nigeria." Health & Social Care in the Community 16, no. 5 (February 4, 2008): 483–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2524.2007.00757.x.

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17

Watermeyer, Jennifer, Amisha Kanji, and Safiyyah Sarvan. "The First Step to Early Intervention Following Diagnosis: Communication in Pediatric Hearing Aid Orientation Sessions." American Journal of Audiology 26, no. 4 (December 12, 2017): 576–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2017_aja-17-0027.

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PurposeThis preliminary study aimed to explore communication processes and information exchange in pediatric hearing aid orientation (HAO) sessions. Effective information exchange in such sessions is crucial to support appropriate hearing aid use.MethodUsing a qualitative sociolinguistic framework, we recorded and analyzed 5 HAO sessions between 2 audiologists and 5 caregivers of children who had just been fitted with hearing aids. We also conducted semistructured interviews with the audiologists and caregivers and analyzed these using content analysis.ResultsBy necessity, audiologists provide a significant amount of information about hearing aids to caregivers in HAO sessions. Although caregivers in our study recalled and understood certain points such as the importance of not getting the hearing aids wet, crucial information about insertion and cleaning was often not recalled. Some caregivers misunderstood how the hearing aids would assist their child.ConclusionsCaregivers need time to practice and absorb the information given, particularly given the emotional aspects associated with the diagnosis and “switch-on.” There is a need to revisit approaches to information giving, which align with the ongoing early intervention process. We offer some suggestions for improving HAO sessions and information giving about hearing aids.
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Lima, Ana Amélia Antunes, and Eva Néri Rubim Pedro. "Growing up with HIV/AIDS: a study on adolescents with HIV/AIDS and their family caregivers." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 16, no. 3 (June 2008): 348–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692008000300003.

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This is an exploratory study with a qualitative approach, which looks at the adolescent process with HIV/AIDS. The purpose is to identify how the adolescent process occurs, from the perspective of these teenagers and their family caregivers. The investigation was performed in Porto Alegre, RS between May and July 2005, and the subjects were four adolescents and three caregivers. Data were collected by means of interviews, which were subject to the content analysis technique. The study revealed that both teenagers and family caregivers did not show concern with the changes typical of the period, especially regarding sexuality questions. Yet, the underlying diagnosis and coping with HIV remain in the family core in order to protect these agents against the stigma of the disease.
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Leblanc, Allen J., Carol S. Aneshensel, and Richard G. Wight. "Psychotherapy use and depression among AIDS caregivers." Journal of Community Psychology 23, no. 2 (April 1995): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1520-6629(199504)23:2<127::aid-jcop2290230204>3.0.co;2-0.

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20

LeBlanc, Allen J., and Linda A. Wardlaw. "Health-Related Worry among Informal Aids Caregivers." Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine 3, no. 4 (October 1999): 421–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/136345939900300405.

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21

Barus, Darwita Juniwati, Marthalena Simamora, Jek Amidos Pardede, and Galvani Volta Simanjuntak. "Beban Keluarga sebagai Caregiver Orang dengan HIV/AIDS." Jurnal Kesehatan 11, no. 3 (December 8, 2020): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.26630/jk.v11i3.2278.

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<p>The role of the family as a caregiver of people living with HIV/AIDS can cause a lot of stress. The purpose of this study was to explore the family burden as a caregiver of people living with HIV/AIDS. This research is qualitative research with a descriptive phenomenology approach. This research was conducted at RSUP H. Adam Malik in Medan City. Participants in this study were 4 family members who care for family members infected with HIV who were taken by purposive sampling technique. Participants' inclusion criteria were ≥17 years of age who were able to speak Indonesian and were able to tell about the burdens experienced while caring for people living with HIV/AIDS. The themes found included psychological burdens, social burdens, family problems, and role conflicts. The research conclusions illustrate that families who are caregivers in carrying out their roles are not easy because they cause psychological burdens, social burdens, economic burdens, family problems, and role conflicts. Nurses can provide nursing interventions to increase caregiver coping to reduce the burden they experience.</p>
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22

Zhou*, Jie, and Neal Wiggermann. "Physical Stresses on Caregivers when Pulling Patients Up in Bed: Effect of Repositioning Aids and Patient Weight." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 63, no. 1 (November 2019): 1057–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181319631222.

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Manual patient handling is a major cause of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among caregivers. Pulling patients up in bed (PUIB) is one of the most frequently performed patient handling activities, for which repositioning aids are usually recommended. However, it is not clear how to choose repositioning aids for a patient of a given weight, such that the risk of MSDs can be reduced. The current study investigates the physical stresses on caregivers across three patient weight levels, and for common types of repositioning aids during the PUIB activity. Ten caregivers were recruited to preform PUIB tasks while motion capture, ground reaction force, and hand reaction force were measured. Spinal compressive load (L5/S1) was estimated using AnyBody Modeling System software. Repositioning aids and patient weight significantly affected the physical stresses on caregivers. Peak L5/S1 compressive load, peak pulling force, and perceived exertion were lowest for the air-assisted repositioning devices, second lowest for the friction reducing sheet, second highest for the turn and position systems, and highest for the draw sheet. Except for the air-assisted repositioning device, other tested repositioning aids are not adequate to mitigate the risk of MSDs. A mechanical lift should be considered as a robust alternative to repositioning aids that can safely accommodate all patient regardless of weight.
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Braddock, PhD, Barbara A., and Ellen Phipps, CTRS. "The effects of student home visits on activity engagement in persons with Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders." American Journal of Recreation Therapy 10, no. 4 (October 1, 2011): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajrt.2011.0023.

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Purpose: To examine the effects of activity setup and student home visits on level of engagement in participants with Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders (ADRD) and on caregivers’ stress and confidence.Method: Participants in the Intervention group (N = 16) were matched to those in the Comparison group (N = 16). Participants and caregivers in the Intervention group received intervention over 8 weeks, whereas the Comparison group received activity selection and setup only.Results: Activity setup and cognitive aids promoted high levels of physical and verbal engagement in both groups. Persons with relatively less cognitive impairment were significantly more likely to engage in activity with adaptation and setup only. Compared with caregivers who did not receive student visits, caregivers with student support reported significant reductions in burden.Conclusions: Activity setup and student home visits may be most beneficial to the caregiver to reduce stress while sustaining home activity for the individual with ADRD.
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Ng, Reuben, and Nicole Indran. "Societal perceptions of caregivers linked to culture across 20 countries: Evidence from a 10-billion-word database." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): e0251161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251161.

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Caregivers play an indispensable role in society. In 2017, 41 million family caregivers in the United States provided approximately 34 billion hours of care to their aging parents, spouses, partners and friends. The estimated economic value of their unpaid contributions amounted to $470 billion. Despite their invaluable contributions, caregivers often operate in a reality of inadequate social support. Little is known about the factors linked to the societal perceptions of caregivers, and our study seeks to contribute by filling this gap. Importantly, whether society honors or stigmatizes caregivers is critical as it could impact caregiving decisions and either exacerbate or ameliorate caregiver burden. We leveraged an online media database of 10 billion words collated from over 28 million articles, across 20 countries, to analyze societal perceptions of caregivers. Of the 20 countries, 18 evidenced neutral to positive perceptions of caregivers. Bangladesh and Ghana had the most positive perceptions, while Sri Lanka and Tanzania had the most negative perceptions. Aging demographics and culture (individualism, masculinity and uncertainty avoidance) were significantly associated with perceptions of caregivers. Findings suggest that positive perceptions of caregivers can be better cultivated when caring is lauded as a virtuous act that aids in reducing the care deficit. This study is among the first to analyze the societal perceptions of caregivers globally, and lays the groundwork to design culturally sensitive interventions that increase society’s appreciation for caregivers.
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James, Nicholas, and Daniel Paulson. "SUPPORT AND EDUCATION NEED FULFILLMENT IN INFORMAL DEMENTIA CAREGIVERS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1056.

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Abstract Caregivers vary widely in their need for and utilization of support services, and there are many reasons for this (e.g., time or financial cost, distance, perception of need). This study explored the disparity between services that are desired and those that are utilized, and examined the hypothesis that unmet needs are a determinant of caregiver burden. An online sample of informal caregivers (N=151) responded to a questionnaire containing a list of common caregiver support services: sharing duties, professional transportation, respite care, non-profit community organizations, financial counseling, caregiver education programs, support groups. Participants were presented with a list of support services and information and asked to indicate A) which they desired and B) which they had received while providing care. Respite care and financial counseling were identified as support that caregivers were unable to obtain, while caregiving education and family/friend support were most commonly fulfilled. A linear regression model controlling for demographic variables was constructed. Unfulfilled support needs accounted for 40.6% of variance in caregiver burden, however the final model included only total ratio of unfulfilled services, transportation services, stress management skills, professional treatment for the caregiver, and behavioral management skills. Results highlight the unique contribution of certain support services in burden reduction. These findings imply a need to improve accessibility to caregiver support, especially those which require payment (e.g., transportation aids and mental healthcare). Further implications and actionable changes related to caregiver support services are discussed.
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Bamgboye, Elijah, Tayo Odusote, Iyabode Olusanmi, Joshua Akinyemi, Yussuf Bidemi, Ayo Adebowale, Ashaolu Gbenga, and Oladapo Ladipo. "Socio-economic status and hunger among orphans and vulnerable children households in Lagos State, Nigeria." African Health Sciences 20, no. 2 (July 22, 2020): 923–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v20i2.47.

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Background: HIV/AIDS has contributed to increasing orphans and vulnerable children in Nigeria. A measure of vulner- ability is household hunger. Objective: To assess level of household hunger and associated factors among OVC households in Lagos State. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 1300 OVC households in 5 selected Local Government Areas. The LGAs were select- ed using the Household Vulnerability Assessment index. Data collection was by personal interview of households’ heads/ caregivers using a structured questionnaire capturing socio-demographic, household economic profile and food-related variables. A multivariate logit model was fitted to identify independent predictors of household hunger after adjusting for confounding variables. Results: The population density was 5.1 and 52.8% were females. A larger proportion of females (84.6%) than males (78.3%) reported that they had no food to eat in the last four weeks prior the survey. Poor household economic status (OR=1.41, CI: 1.03-1.92), age and marital status of caregiver were independent predictors of household hunger. The odds of hunger increased with caregiver’s age; higher in households headed by never married (OR=3.99, CI: 1.15-13.89) and di- vorced/separated caregivers (OR=2.39, CI: 1.11-5.12). Conclusion: OVC households experienced severe hunger. Household economic strengthening would be useful strategy to mitigate the nutrition challenges of OVC in Lagos state. Keywords: Orphans; vulnerable; children; households food security; caregivers; economy; Nigeria.
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Asuquo, Ekaete F., Regina E. Ella, Paulina A. Akpan-Idiok, and Easter E. Osuchkwu. "The Synergy between Burden and Anticipatory Grief among Caregivers of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Calabar Municipality, Nigeria." Evidence-Based Nursing Research 2, no. 4 (October 9, 2020): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.47104/ebnrojs3.v2i4.162.

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Contents: Caregiving remains the crux of management in terminal diseases, but little attention is given to the effects of terminal illnesses on the caregivers and the associated anticipatory grief that aggravates caregivers' burden. Aim: This study assesses the correlations between burden and anticipatory grief experienced among caregivers of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Calabar Municipality, Cross River State, Nigeria. Methods: Correlations and descriptive cross-sessional design were utilized to assess and purposefully recruit 231 eligible caregivers of PLWHA, respectively. Validated revised Zarit Burden Interview scale (ZBI) and Anticipatory Grief Scale were the primary data collection instruments. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Results: Study findings revealed that the highest percentage, 36.4% (84) participants experienced a moderate burden, while 22.1% (51) experienced a severe burden. Similarly, the highest percentage, 33.3% (77) of the participants experienced moderate anticipatory grief at the range of 57-76, while 30.7% (71) participants experienced severe anticipatory grief within 77- 135. Positive and significant correlations (r = 0.61, P < 0.05; r = 0.53, P < 0.05; r = 0.66, P < 0.05) were obtained for the relationship between no anticipatory grief/burden; mild anticipatory grief/ burden and severe anticipatory grief/ burden respectively) during the study. These positive correlations revealed a strong synergy between the two variables, caregiver’s burden and anticipatory grief. Conclusion: As sub-Saharan African disproportionately bears the burden of HIV, more persons will have to take up family caregivers' roles despite the high level of burden and associated anticipatory grief. The need for educational intervention backed by the policy cannot be over-emphasized and should be implemented to enhance and acquaint caregivers on the nature of anticipatory grief and its connection with a terminal disease like HIV/AIDS.
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Doku, P. N., and H. Minnis. "Multi-informant perspective on psychological distress among Ghanaian orphans and vulnerable children within the context of HIV/AIDS." Psychological Medicine 46, no. 11 (June 7, 2016): 2329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291716000829.

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BackgroundThere is little knowledge about the psychosocial distress of children affected by human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in Ghana, to aid the planning of services. This study investigated mental health problems among children affected by HIV/AIDS, compared with control groups of children orphaned by other causes, and non-orphans.MethodThe study employed a cross-sectional survey that interviewed 291 children and their caregivers. Both children and caregivers completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire that measured children's psychosocial wellbeing. Verbal autopsy was used to identify whether children lost one or both parents from AIDS.ResultsThe results indicated that controlling for relevant sociodemographic factors, both children's self-reports and caregivers’ reports indicate that both children living with HIV/AIDS-infected caregivers and children orphaned by AIDS were at heightened risk for mental health problems than both children orphaned by other causes and non-orphans. The findings further indicated that a significant proportion of orphaned and vulnerable children exhibited symptoms for depression and other psychiatric disorders (approximately 63%) compared with 7% among the non-orphaned group. Caregivers gave higher ratings for children on externalizing problems and lower on internalizing problems, and vice versa when the children's self-reports were analysed.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that both children and their informants have diverse yet complementary perspectives on psychological outcomes. The study discusses the theoretical and practical implications of these findings and urgently calls for necessary intervention programmes that target all children affected by HIV/AIDS to effectively alleviate psychological distress and enhance the mental health of these children.
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Trice, Ashton D. "Posttraumatic Stress Syndrome-like Symptoms among AIDS Caregivers." Psychological Reports 63, no. 2 (October 1988): 656–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1988.63.2.656.

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Interviews were conducted with 43 mothers of AIDS fatalities 2 or 3 years following their sons' deaths. Eighty-four percent of the mothers who devoted full-time care to their sons for substantial periods of time showed a cluster of symptoms normally associated with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Only 8% of those who did not engage in extended care experienced three or more of these symptoms.
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Mwinituo, Prudence P., and Judy E. Mill. "Stigma Associated With Ghanaian Caregivers of AIDS Patients." Western Journal of Nursing Research 28, no. 4 (June 2006): 369–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193945906286602.

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31

Jimenez, Mary Ann, and Daniel R. Jimenez. "Training of Volunteer Caregivers of Persons with AIDS." Social Work in Health Care 14, no. 3 (June 15, 1990): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j010v14n03_05.

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32

Pomeroy, Elizabeth C., Rebecca J. Walker, and John S. McNeil. "Psychoeducational Model for Caregivers of Persons with AIDS." Journal of Family Social Work 1, no. 4 (December 14, 1996): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j039v01n04_03.

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Williams, Ellen, Virginia Berrien, and Paul Trubey. "The family with AIDS: Multiple challenges for caregivers." American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine® 14, no. 6 (November 1997): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104990919701400605.

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34

O'Donnell, Thomas G., and Sharon L. Bernier. "Parents as Caregivers: When A Son Has AIDS." Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 28, no. 6 (June 1990): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0279-3695-19900601-05.

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Bilodeau, Gabriel, Holly Witteman, France Légaré, Juliette Lafontaine-Bruneau, Philippe Voyer, Edeltraut Kröger, Marie-Claude Tremblay, and Anik M. C. Giguere. "Reducing complexity of patient decision aids for community-based older adults with dementia and their caregivers: multiple case study of Decision Boxes." BMJ Open 9, no. 5 (May 2019): e027727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027727.

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ObjectivesTo identify patient decision aids’ features to limit their complexity for older adults with dementia and their family caregivers.DesignMixed method, multiple case study within a user-centred design (UCD) approach.SettingCommunity-based healthcare in the province of Quebec in Canada.Participants23 older persons (aged 65+ years) with dementia and their 27 family caregivers.ResultsDuring three UCD evaluation-modification rounds, participants identified strengths and weaknesses of the patient decision aids’ content and visual design that influenced their complexity. Weaknesses of content included a lack of understanding of the decision aids’ purpose and target audience, missing information, irrelevant content and issues with terminology and sentence structure. Weaknesses of visual design included critics about the decision aids’ general layout (density, length, navigation) and their lack of pictures. In response, the design team implemented a series of practical features and design strategies, comprising: a clear expression of the patient decision aids' purpose through simple text, picture and personal stories; systematic and frequent use of pictograms illustrating key points and helping structure patient decision aids' general layout; a glossary; removal of scientific references from the main document; personal stories to clarify more difficult concepts; a contact section to facilitate implementation of the selected option; GRADE ratings to convey the quality of the evidence; a values clarification exercise formatted as a checklist and presented at the beginning of the document to streamline navigation; involvement of a panel of patient/caregiver partners to guide expression of patient priorities; editing of the text to a sixth grade reading level; UCD process to optimise comprehensiveness and relevance of content and training of patients/caregivers in shared decision-making.ConclusionsThe revised template for patient decision aids is designed to meet the needs of adults living with dementia and their caregivers better, which may translate into fewer evaluation-modification rounds.
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Xie, Bo, Amy S. Berkley, Jung Kwak, Kenneth R. Fleischmann, Jane Dimmitt Champion, and Kolina S. Koltai. "End-of-life decision making by family caregivers of persons with advanced dementia: A literature review of decision aids." SAGE Open Medicine 6 (January 1, 2018): 205031211877751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312118777517.

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Objectives: To investigate existing knowledge in the literature about end-of-life decision making by family caregivers of persons with dementia, focusing on decision aids for caregivers of persons with advanced dementia, and to identify gaps in the literature that can guide future research. Methods: A literature review through systematic searches in PubMed, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, and PsycINFO was conducted in February 2018; publications with full text in English and published in the past 10 years were selected in multiple steps. Results: The final sample included five decision aids with predominantly Caucasian participants; three of them had control groups, and three used audiovisual technology in presenting the intervention materials. No other technology was used in any intervention. Existing interventions lacked tailoring of information to caregivers’ preferences for different types and amounts of information necessary to make decisions consistent with patients’ values. Conclusion: Research is needed in exploring the use of technology in decision aids that could provide tailored information to facilitate caregivers’ decision making. More diverse samples are needed.
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Thomas, Daniel. "J.P. Lavoie. Familles et soutien aux parents âgés dépendants. Montréal, QC: L'Harmattan, 2000." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 21, no. 4 (2002): 600–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980800002154.

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ABSTRACTIn this book, the author studies the family organization supporting a dependent parent from the perspective of the family caregivers themselves. The majority of studies have examined functional needs. This study, however, posits that caregivers are more concerned with health and protection needs and ensuring the dependent's identity than with concentrating on functional needs. The author believes that in order to fulfill these needs, families have developed protective, monitoring techniques, as well as personal and social relationship supports and aids in basic care. Families have also developed accountability rules that help them attribute tasks to each family member. Caring for a dependent parent allows individuals to contribute, at varying degrees, to a family-group responsibility. This responsibility entails costs as well as benefits; these are outlined in the book. This study develops an innovative approach to caregivers and contributes to the study dedicated to the analysis of caregiver family dynamics.
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Mbale, Evaracia, and Mutale Chileshe-Chibangula. "Challenges experienced by home based caregivers of HIV/AIDS patients in chifubukawama community, Ndola, Zambia." Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences 4, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2017.4.3.29.

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39

Kayser, Karen, Rosanna F. DeMarco, Charu Stokes, Susan DeSanto-Madeya, and Philip C. Higgins. "Delivering palliative care to patients and caregivers in inner-city communities: Challenges and opportunities." Palliative and Supportive Care 12, no. 5 (October 24, 2013): 369–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951513000230.

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AbstractObjective:Social and economic barriers can hinder access to quality palliative and end-of-life care for patients living in inner-city communities. Using a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach, we investigated the stresses associated with living with a chronic disease and barriers to access and utilization of palliative care resources experienced by low-income patients and caregivers in five inner-city communities.Methods:Four focus groups (N = 33) were conducted with community stakeholders, including healthcare professionals (social workers and nurses), persons living with chronic illnesses (e.g., HIV/AIDS, cardiovascular disease, and cancer), and caregivers. Focus group responses were analyzed using thematic analyses.Results:Patients' and caregivers' stresses centered around five themes: lack of family support, communication barriers with healthcare professionals, minority stress, caregiver burden, and lack of spiritual support. The community stakeholders identified resources and services to improve access to care and the quality of life of underserved, low-income populations living with chronic illnesses.Significance of Results:A CBPR approach enabled us to develop an interdisciplinary and culturally sensitive intervention to begin addressing the palliative and end-of-life needs of the patients and caregivers of the inner-city community.
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Wight, Richard G. "Precursive depression among HIV infected AIDS caregivers over time." Social Science & Medicine 51, no. 5 (September 2000): 759–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00007-1.

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Theis, Saundra L., Felissa L. Cohen, Jeannine Forrest, and Marianne Zelewsky. "Needs assessment of caregivers of people with HIV/AIDS." Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care 8, no. 3 (May 1997): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1055-3290(97)80051-9.

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Meier, Andrea, Maeda J. Galinsky, and Kathleen A. Rounds. "Telephone Support Groups for Caregivers of Persons with AIDS." Social Work with Groups 18, no. 1 (June 30, 1995): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j009v18n01_10.

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Orner, Phyllis. "Psychosocial impacts on caregivers of people living with AIDS." AIDS Care 18, no. 3 (April 2006): 236–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120500456565.

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44

Walker, Rebecca J., Elizabeth C. Pomeroy, John S. McNeil, and Cynthia Franklin. "Anticipatory Grief and AIDS: Strategies for Intervening with Caregivers." Health & Social Work 21, no. 1 (February 1996): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hsw/21.1.49.

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45

Alexander, Rinda. "Family Caregivers for People with AIDS in Rural Communities." AIDS Patient Care 8, no. 4 (August 1994): 206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/apc.1994.8.206.

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Mamukeyani, Eric. "Difficulties Experienced by Caregivers of HIV/AIDS Orphans: A Qualitative Study for Rural-Based Caregivers." OALib 08, no. 06 (2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1106721.

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47

Wysocki, Tim, Lauren James, Amy Milkes, Alex Taylor, Jessica Pierce, William B. Brinkman, Mauri Carakushansky, Judith Ross, and Fiona Hirschfeld. "Electronically Verified Use of Internet-Based, Multimedia Decision Aids by Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes and Their Caregivers." MDM Policy & Practice 3, no. 1 (January 2018): 238146831876985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2381468318769857.

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Decision aids (DAs) are central to shared decision making (SDM) interventions, yet little is known about patients’ actual DA use. Adequate utilization of DAs could optimize SDM effectiveness. Electronic DAs enable more objective tracking and analysis of actual DA utilization than do paper DAs. This report is part of an ongoing randomized controlled SDM trial enrolling adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their caregivers ( n = 153) who were considering use of an insulin pump or continuous glucose monitor. Extensive stakeholder engagement guided creation of two online DAs. After completing baseline measures, 133 dyads were randomized to SDM (access to the pertinent DA) or Usual Care (clinic routines for preparing candidates for adopting these devices). Utilization data showed that 80% of caregivers and 66% of youths logged into a DA at least once; youths and caregivers, respectively, dedicated a mean of 44.7 and 55.0 minutes to website use and viewed 72.2% and 77.4% of the DA content. Median total duration from enrollment to last DA logout was 48.2 days for adolescents and 45.6 days for caregivers. Bivariate comparisons showed that non-Hispanic, Caucasian females from households with higher socioeconomic status were significantly more likely to login to the assigned DA at least once. Hierarchical multiple regression showed that adolescent males with lower levels of health literacy demonstrated fewer DA logins ( F = 2.59; P < 0.009), but identified no significant predictors of adolescents’ or caregiver’ duration of DA use or proportion of DA content viewed. Future SDM trials should seek to promote DA use, especially by non-White adolescents, perhaps with direct assistance with the initial DA login. Trials employing electronic DAs should routinely report and analyze utilization data.
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Szaflarski, Nancy L. "Respiratory Failure in the Patient with AIDS: Is Critical Care Warranted?" AACN Advanced Critical Care 1, no. 1 (May 1, 1990): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/15597768-1990-1022.

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The issue of whether or not the life-sustaining treatments (LST) of critical care is warranted for patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) experiencing acute respiratory failure has been raised. Factors that have contributed to this issue include the AIDS epidemic, the high costs of critical care, limited intensive care resources, high mortality, prolonged suffering, and the effects on caregivers in delivering futile care. This article examines this issue from the ethicality of the decision-making process regarding LST in context with medical futility, patient autonomy, and discussion among patients and caregivers. The allocation of critical care resources for AIDS patients with respiratory failure is analyzed from the viewpoint of distributive justice. The nursing implications of providing critical care to these patients and their families are discussed as well as needed areas of research.
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Pines, Eula W., Maureen Rauschhuber, and Sarah Williams. "Health Connections." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2006): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v4i4.1987.

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Nearly half of Zambia's population is under 15 years old, with an estimated 630,000 “AIDS orphans,” children who’s parents have died from HIV/AIDS, and are now left to survive without complete families. Zambian caregivers of these AIDS orphans have been overwhelmed with the task of providing grief counseling services to these children. Nursing professionals at the University of the Incarnate Word responded to the professional development needs of grief counselors in Zambia, and launched Health Connections in 2004-2006. Health Connections is a cross-cultural grief education program designed to educate caregivers in a rural Zambian village on how to help grieving children. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the process of assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation of the Health Connections “train-the-trainers” program.
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Davies, Nathan, Brooke Schiowitz, Greta Rait, Victoria Vickerstaff, and Elizabeth L. Sampson. "Decision aids to support decision-making in dementia care: a systematic review." International Psychogeriatrics 31, no. 10 (July 26, 2019): 1403–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610219000826.

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ABSTRACTObjectives:We aimed to critically evaluate decision aids developed for practitioners and caregivers when providing care for someone with dementia or for use by people with dementia themselves. Decision aids may be videos, booklets, or web-based tools that explicitly state the decision, provide information about the decision, and summarize options along with associated benefits and harms. This helps guide the decision maker through clarifying the values they place on the benefits or harms of the options.Design:We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature in electronic databases (CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PsychINFO) in March 2018. Reference lists were searched for relevant papers and citations tracked. Data were synthesized with meta-analysis and narrative synthesis. Papers were included if they met the following criteria: 1) the focus of the paper was on the evaluation of a decision aid; 2) the decision aid was used in dementia care; and 3) the decision aid was aimed at professionals, people with dementia, or caregivers.Results:We identified 3618 studies, and 10 studies were included, covering three topics across six decision aids: 1) support with eating/feeding options, 2) place of care, and 3) goals of care. The mode of delivery and format of the decision aids varied and included paper-based, video-based, and audio-based decision aids. The decision aids were shown to be effective, increasing knowledge and the quality of communication. The meta-analysis demonstrated that decisions are effective in reducing decisional conflict among caregivers (standardized mean difference = −0.50, 95% confidence interval [ − 0.97, − 0.02]).Conclusion:Decision aids offer a promising approach for providing support for decision-making in dementia care. People are often faced with more than one decision, and decisions are often interrelated. The decision aids identified in this review focus on single topics. There is a need for decision aids that cover multiple topics in one aid to reflect this complexity and better support caregivers.
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