To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: AIDS (Disease) – Diagnosis – Nigeria.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'AIDS (Disease) – Diagnosis – Nigeria'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'AIDS (Disease) – Diagnosis – Nigeria.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Teather, B. A. "The design of statistical based aids for the diagnosis of cerebral disease." Thesis, De Montfort University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370916.
Full text
2
Akpabio, Charles G. "An Assessment of factors associated with adherence to antiretroviral treatment in Albert Horsfall Medical Center, Abuja, Nigeria." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7192_1256206209.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the study is to determine the characteristics associated with ART adherence to , in Albert Horsfall Medicacal Center (AHMC), Abuja, Nigeria. The Objectives are to measure the adherence to ART, assess the association of the demographic characteristic of patients on ART with adherence to medications in the facility
and to establish patients' perspectivesto adherence and impediments to compliance to ART in the center.
3
Walker, Blain S. "The diagnosis and treatment of major depression in AIDS patients : effect of counselor experience and attitude toward people with AIDS." Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1137581.
Full textAbstract:
This study was an investigation into the clinical judgments made by counseling psychologists when faced with a patient who had major depression and AIDS. Two hundred and eighty one counseling psychologists evaluated one of four vignettes depicting an individual with major depression. In three of the vignettes the individual also had AIDS but the vignette varied on how the virus was contracted (unprotected gay sex, IV drug abuse, hemophilia). In the fourth vignette (the control group) the individual did not have AIDS. Results of the study suggested, that the presence of AIDS overshadows the evaluation and treatment decisions made by counseling psychologists when their patient has major depression and AIDS. Three factors-counseling psychologists' general experience with people who have AIDS, their clinical experience with AIDS patients and how the AIDS virus was contracted-were investigated for possible moderating effects of the overshadowing bias. How the AIDS virus was contracted was used as an indirect measure of clinician attitude toward people with AIDS. Neither general or clinical experience with AIDS patients appeared to have an effect on the diagnostic or treatment decisions made by counseling psychologists when evaluating depressed patients with AIDS. As with experience, method of contracting the AIDS virus did not have a moderating effect on the overshadowing bias. Implications of these results for the evaluation and treatment of depression in AIDS patients, as well as future research are discussed.Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services
4
Diaho, Mahlao Judith. "Experiences and coping strategies of women living with HIV/AIDS diagnosis : a case study of Maseru, Lesotho." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49959.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Several studies have reported that thirty million people are living with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. Fifty percent of the infected adults are women aged between 15 and 49 years. In Lesotho, HIV/AIDS has also been declared a national emergency and an estimated 180,000 women out of 330,000 adults, and 27,000 children are living with HIV/AIDS. Statistics have shown that the majority of AIDS cases occur in adults aged 15 and 49 years in Lesotho. Presently women are the fastest growing infected population in Lesotho. Regardless of the growing numbers of women infected with HIV/AIDS, experiences of women living with HIV/AIDS have received little attention in Lesotho. Qualitative research in this area is necessary to gain access to women's perceptions of their HIV positive status. In this study, the experiences and coping strategies of Basotho women living with HIV/AIDS were investigated. The study used a feminist approach to research. Feminist research stresses the multiplicity of knowledge and it is useful to understand the subjective experiences of women. Indepth, face-to-face interviews were conducted with five women ranging between 29 and 46 years, purposefully drawn from Positive Action Society Lesotho (PASL). Grounded theory was used to analyse the data. Findings indicate that women's risk for exposure to HIV is related to their ability to protect themselves by negotiating a safe sexual relationship. Women who feel powerless in their relationships are less likely to protect themselves against HIVexposure. These perceptions of powerlessness are the result of a broad array of experiences that may include exposure to gender-based violence and restricted economic opportunities. The results show that it is common for women to be shocked, depressed, and discouraged when they find that they are living with HIV/AIDS as can be expected. It is also difficult for women to disclose their HIV positive status to family, friends and community members because of stigma attached to HIV/AIDS. Participants developed different ways of coping with their status such as religion, healthy life style, AIDS counselling and social networks. There was a profound sense of anxiety about the future care of children. The study concludes with a number of recommendations to promote an environment that will make it possible for women living with HIV/AIDS to cope with their illness.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Studies het bevind dat daar ongeveer dertig miljoen mense in sub-Sahara Afrika is wat met MIVNIGS leef. Vyftig persent van geinfekteerde volwassenes is vroue tussen die ouderdom van 15-49 jaar. In Lesotho is MIVNIGS as 'n nasionale ramp verklaar en daar word beraam dat 330,000 volwassenes, 180,000 vroue en 27,000 kinders MIVNIGS het. Statistiek het ook getoon dat die meerderheid VIGS gevalle in Lesotho voorkom by volwassenes in die ouderdomsgroep 15-49 jaar. Vroue is tans die vinnigste groeiende groep. Ten spyte van die groeiende getalle vroue wat met MIVNIGS geinfekteer is, het die ervaringe van vroue in Lesotho wat met MIVNIGS saamleef tot dusver relatief min aandag geniet. Kwalitatiewe navorsing in hierdie verband is nodig om toegang tot vroue se persepsies te verkry rakende hul eie MIV positiewe status. In hierdie studie is die ervaringe en hanteringsmeganismes van Basoetoe vroue wat MIVNIGS het, ondersoek. Die studie het 'n feministiese benadering gebruik, wat die multiplisiteit van kennis en die subjektiewe ervaringe van vroue beklemtoon. In-diepte aangesig-tot-aangesig onderhoude is met vroue tussen 29-46 jaar gevoer. Gegronde teorie is gebruik om die data te analiseer. Bevindinge dui aan dat vroue se risiko vir blootstelling aan MIV verband hou met hul vermoë om hulself te beskerm deur te onderhandel vir 'n veilige seksuele verhouding met 'n maat. Vroue wat magteloos in hul verhoudings voel, is waarskynlik minder suksesvol om hulself teen MIV blootstelling te beskerm. Hierdie persepsies van magteloosheid is die resultaat van 'n breë spektrum ervaringe wat sekondêre status, blootstelling aan geweld, en beperkte ekonomiese geleenthede insluit. Soos wat verwag word, toon die bevindinge dat dit algemeen vir vroue is om geskok, deppressief en ontmoedig te wees wanneer hulle uitvind dat hul MIVNIGS het. Dit is ook moeilik vir vroue om hul MIV status aan familie, vriende en gemeenskapslede bekend te maak weens die stigma wat aan MIVNIGS kleef. Respondente het verskeie wyses ontwikkelom hul status te hanteer, soos godsdiens, 'n gesonde leefstyl, VIGS raadgewing en sosiale netwerke. Daar was ook 'n intense bekommernis by vroue oor die toekomstige sorg vir hul kinders. Die studie sluit af met 'n aantal aanbevelings om 'n omgewing te promoveer wat dit vir vroue wat met MIVNIGS leef moontlik sal maak om hul siekte te hanteer.
5
Eke, Bede Ugwuanya. "THE IMPACT OF AIDS ON INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS IN NIGERIA: THE POSITION OF THE AGED." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2003. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?miami1060178191.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.G.S.)--Miami University, Dept. of Gerontology, 2003.Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 57 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-56).
6
Ho, Yuk-yi Ella, and 何玉儀. "Risk factors associated with HIV testing among Hong Kong young adults: implications for blood safety." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30252726.
Full text
7
Iyiani, Christian, and n/a. "A case study of HIV/AIDS prevention in Nigeria : assessment and recommendations." University of Otago. Department of Social Work and Community Development, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080213.112805.
Full textAbstract:
This is a two-stage study of HIV/AIDS prevention. In Stage One, the study examines the HIV/AIDS approach of Western aid organisations (INGOs) and compares it to the lived realities of people who are most 'at risk', sex workers, unemployed street youth, and married low income families, in the poor migrant community of Ajegunle in Nigeria�s Lagos state. The study found that INGOs and their client NGOs emphasised Western medical models of HIV/AIDS for both intervention (e.g. testing and ARV drugs for management) and prevention (e.g. through education and behaviour change).
In contrast, among 'at-risk' groups, the study revealed a high degree of knowledge about the transmission of HIV/AIDS (contrary to Western medical assumptions), but also detected strong feelings of powerlessness in being able to address it. INGOs and their client organisations were operating at the levels of tertiary or curative and secondary or behaviour change prevention, whereas the views of the local 'at-risk people' indicated relevance of the primary prevention level, the social structural conditions of the people.
In analysing the results of the first stage of the study, the findings identified a process of 'talking past each other' by official aid agencies and those most at risk, thereby inhibiting effective prevention. The INGOs and NGOs used their financial power, based on the gross inequality in the world distribution of resources, to dictate their own agendas, omitting primary intervention and instead concentrating on secondary and tertiary prevention. The study suggests that new thinking about multi-sectoral responses with full community participation is necessary in order to engage in more effective preventive action.
The study then sought out alternative sources of power that might permit that to happen, notably the strengths of the local Ajegunle community. As a poor community, they lacked financial resources and human capital, such as skilled workers, but they had significant knowledge capital about their own circumstances and the realities people faced. The community also had considerable cultural capital and local organisations with considerable relational capital around community links, broad based support and commitment to such action.
This analysis suggests the need to identify and work through the power differentials using community development processes, especially seeking to empower local communities to take part in decision-making over prevention, if effective action is to take place. The process required is one of a negotiated, inclusive partnerships for sharing information, experience, and decision-making, involving all the relevant stakeholders - the International Organisations (INGOs), National NGOs, Community Groups and the community itself.
8
Mufukari, Fungai. "Gender related factors that lead to depression after diagnosis with HIV/AIDS." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17901.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: People diagnosed as being HIV positive or having AIDS develop depression as they attempt to cope with their daily lives. Some studies have indicated the prevalence of depression and anxiety in people living with HIV/AIDS is higher than in the general population. An evaluation of gender related factors that lead to depression after a diagnosis with HIV/AIDS will highlight the incidences and frequency of what individuals experience in their daily lives. The research is a descriptive study in which the factors that cause depression after HIV/AIDS diagnosis were identified and related to gender. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to analyse the responses elicited from the participants in the sample. Twenty five PLHAs who had been diagnosed with depression were selected from patients attending both Nthabiseng and Luthando Clinics at Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital in Soweto, Johannesburg. A questionnaire was designed to gather demographic as well as information regarding family, social and economic history. A short interview was also conducted with selected patients to determine in their own words what causes their depression. The selected patient hospital charts were analysed to gain additional information to complete the equation. A semi structured interview was conducted with 13 selected health care professionals to gather information on how they see depression in the presence of HIV and whether they are adequately equipped to detect and manage this condition. The findings from this study supported the view depression is present or develops after a positive HIV diagnosis and a difference was detected in the causes of depression in women and that of men. Common causes of depression after HIV diagnosis were denial, fear of death and social insecurity. Women were more likely to attribute their depression to denial and worry about work and family responsibility. Men attributed their depression to failure to provide for their family and loss of social status. Recognising the causes of and gender differences in the causes of HIV-related depression may help in designing more effective counselling strategies and improve management and care of PLHAs.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Daar is 'n aantal mense wat nie aan depressie ly voordat hulle met HIV gediagnoseer word nie. Meeste studies dui aan dat die voorkoms van depressie en angstigheid by mense wat lewe met MIV en VIGS heelwat hoër is as die algemene MIV populasie. Baie mense, insluitende gesondheidsorgwerkers, neem aan dat depressie 'n onontsnapbare newe-effek is van MIV/VIGS diagnose. Dus mag dit gebeur dat depressie ongesiens verby gaan, onbehandeld, met die gevolg van oneffektiewe behandeling, riskante optrede, swak bestuur van MIV/VIGS en 'n lae lewenskwaliteit vir hierdie pasiënte. Hierdie navorsingsartikel kyk na die geslags-verwante faktore wat lei tot depressie na die diagnosering van MIV/VIGS. Die navorsing is 'n beskrywende studie waarin faktore wat depressie in MIV/VIGS gediagnoseerde pasiënte veroorsaak identifiseer en gedifferensieer word afhangende van geslag. Kwantitatiewe asook kwalitatiewe metodes is gebruik. Dertig PLHAs wat met depressie gediagnoseer is, word behandel in Nthabiseng asook Luthando Kliniek by die Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospitaal in Soweto, Johannesburg. Nthabiseng is die MIV Kliniek en Luthando is die psigiatriese kliniek vir MIV/VIGS pasiënte. 'n Vraelys is saamgestel om demografiese asook familie, sosiologiese en ekonomiese inligting te verkry. 'n Kort onderhoud is ook met sommige pasiënte gehou om in hul eie woorde te hoor wat hul glo hul depressie veroorsaak. Die geselekteerde pasiënte se hospitaal kaarte is geanaliseer, met die doel om die dokter se insette of redes te kry oor die pasiënte se depressie. 'n Semi-gestruktureerde onderhoud was gedoen met gesondheidsorgwerkers in Luthando- en Nthabiseng klinieke om inligting te verkry oor hoe hierdie professionele gesondheidsorgwerkers depressie sien by MIV/VIGS pasiënte en of hul bevoegd is om dit te identifiseer en te behandel. Die studie het bevind dat daar 'n verskil is by oorsake van depressie by vroue en oorsake van depressie by mans. Mees algemene oorsake van depressie by MIV/VIGS pasiënte is ontkenning, vrees van dood en sosiale onstabiliteit. By die vroue het ontkenning en bekommernis oor werk- en familie verantwoordelikhede meestal bygedra tot hierdie depressie, en by die mans was dit meer asof daar 'n algemene terleurstelling geheers het in hul gemoed. 'n Terleurstelling deurdat hul nie vir hul families sal kan sorg nie asook die vernedering in die sosiale netwerk. Om die verskille in MIV-geassosieerde depressie gebasseer op geslag te kan herken mag bydra tot die ontwerp van meer effektiewe beradingstrategië.
9
Hon, Kit-sum Annie, and 韓潔心. "Can home-based HIV testing improve test uptake in Africa?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45172353.
Full text
10
Adeniyi, Vincent Oladele. "Maternal knowledge and attitude to early infant HIV diagnosis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79938.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The global targets of zero deaths from AIDS-related illness by the year 2015 can only be met if all HIV infected infants can be diagnosed and initiated on anti-retroviral therapy as early as four to six weeks. WHO/UNICEF reported in 2010 that only 8% of eligible infants were tested worldwide. There seems to be more attention directed towards service delivery and less attention on empowering mothers to make voluntary decision to access the services. The influence of maternal knowledge of infant HIV infection and the impact on the attitude towards knowing the status of their children so early in life remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to explore the knowledge and attitude of the HIV positive mothers to early infant diagnosis in order to make strategic recommendations to the health authorities on how to scale up the services in the various health facilities. A qualitative study was conducted in two health centres in King Sabata Dalindyebo Municipality of Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. This qualitative study drew in-depth interview with twenty-four HIV positive mothers/ exposed infants’ pair attending the immunization clinics. The results obtained were presented to two focus groups for discussion and validation of findings. Thematic analysis explored the emerging themes relevant to the objective of the study and health authorities. The study found that there is a high level of awareness about infant HIV infection. Majority of the participants were aware of MTCT of HIV and the timing of transmission (pregnancy, delivery and breastfeeding). Majority of the participants were aware about the protection offered by maternal exposure to ARVs however, only few participants knew about the risk of transmission despite ARV use. Majority of the participants did not know the right time to bring their infant for HIV test. Majority of the participants never thought about HIV test for their infant as early as six weeks. Majority of the mothers have fears about bringing their infants for HIV test so early. They have concerns about recommending early infant diagnosis to other children in their community due to the perceived disclosure of their own status. The study found that despite good knowledge of mothers about infant HIV infection and prevention methods, the knowledge about early infant diagnosis is lacking. The attitude of the mothers to knowing the status of their infant so early in life is challenging for them. The health authorities have more work to do to empower these mothers with knowledge about early infant diagnosis and early ART initiation to increase the chances of survival of HIV infected infants.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die internasionale mikpunt van geen sterftes weens vigsverwante siektes teen die jaar 2015 kan slegs bereik word as alle MIV-besmette babas reeds op vier tot ses weke gediagnoseer word en antiretrovirale terapie (ART) ontvang. Die WGO/UNICEF het in 2010 berig dat slegs 8% van babas wat getoets moet word, in werklikheid wêreldwyd getoets is. Dit blyk dat meer aandag aan dienslewering en minder aan die bemagtiging van moeders om die vrywillige besluit om van die dienste gebruik te maak, geskenk word. Die invloed van moeders se kennis op MIV-besmetting van babas en die impak op die houding teenoor kennis van die status van hul kinders op so ’n vroeë ouderdom is steeds onbekend. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die kennis en houding van MIV-positiewe moeders rakende vroeë diagnose van babas te ondersoek ten einde strategiese aanbevelings aan die gesondheidsowerhede te maak oor verbetering van die dienste in die onderskeie gesondheidsfasiliteite. ’n Kwalitatiewe studie is in twee gesondheidsentrums in King Sabata Dalindyebo-munisipaliteit in die provinsie Oos-Kaap, Suid-Afrika, onderneem. Dit het diepte-onderhoude met 24 MIV-positiewe moeders/blootgestelde babas wat die immuniseringsklinieke besoek het, behels. Die resultate is aan twee fokusgroepe vir bespreking en bekragtiging van die bevindings voorgelê. Tydens ’n tematiese ontleding is die temas wat aan die lig gekom het wat betrekking het op die doelstellings van die studie en gesondheidsowerhede ondersoek. Daar is gevind dat daar ’n hoë vlak bewustheid van MIV-besmetting van babas is. Die meerderheid van die deelnemers was bewus van moeder-na-kind-oordrag van MIV en die tydsberekening van oordrag (swangerskap, geboorte en borsvoeding). Die meerderheid van die deelnemers was ook bewus van die beskerming wat gebied word deur die moeder se blootstelling aan ART, maar net ’n paar deelnemers het egter geweet van die risiko van oordrag ongeag die gebruik van ART. Die meerderheid van die deelnemers het nie geweet wat die korrekte tyd is om hul baba vir ’n MIV-toets te bring nie. Die meerderheid het nog nooit ’n MIV-toets vir hul baba voor die ouderdom van ses weke oorweeg nie. Die meerderheid van die moeders was bang om hul babas so vroeg reeds vir MIV te laat toets. Hulle is begaan oor die aanbeveling van vroeë diagnose vir ander mense in hul gemeenskap weens die waargenome bekendmaking van hul eie status. Die studie het bevind dat ongeag moeders se grondige kennis van MIV-besmetting van babas en voorsorgmaatreëls, daar ’n gebrek aan kennis oor vroeë diagnose van babas is. Die houding van die moeders teenoor kennis van die status van hul baba op so ’n vroeë ouderdom hou vir hulle ’n uitdaging in. Die gesondheidsowerhede moet hulle daarop toespits om hierdie moeders sonder kennis oor vroeë diagnose van babas en vroeë nakoming van ART te bemagtig ten einde MIV-besmette babas se kanse op oorlewing te verhoog.
11
Christensen, Dustin Dean. "Changing factors contributing to increasing incidence of new HIV/AIDS diagnosis among homosexual men in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206913.
Full textAbstract:
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection has continued to increase in Hong Kong and China. Since about 2006 the incidence of new HIV infections has significantly increased among homosexual men or men who have sex with men (MSM) while new infections among heterosexuals has remained steady. There are several risk factors that may be contributing to the increasing infection rates among MSM including: source for sexual partners, condom use, location of sexual partners, and how new technology may be effecting the spread of HIV. There are gaps in the literature available on MSM and HIV in Hong Kong; particularly in the methods used to identify individuals for study, and the lack of randomized controlled trials to study public health interventions to stop the spread of HIV in Hong Kong.published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
12
Silva, Andreia Aparecida da. "Estudo da micobacteriose pulmonar em pacientes autopsiados com e sem AIDS : avaliação histopatologica, imunohistoquimica e caracterização das especies de micobacterias por PCR." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288430.
Full textAbstract:
Orientadores: Pablo Agustin Vargas, Oslei Paes de AlmeidaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T06:22:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_AndreiaAparecidada_M.pdf: 1723407 bytes, checksum: 51af57adb05fc46240168f8b36dad6f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Resumo: Introdução: A Micobacteriose (MB) é uma das principais causas de mortes no mundo e sua incidência aumentou significativamente com o surgimento da AIDS. Objetivos: Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram comparar o padrão da resposta inflamatória nas MBs pulmonares (MBP) entre dois grupos (Grupo I: MBP; Grupo II: MBP/AIDS), e caracterizar as espécies de micobactérias através da técnica de PCR. Material e Métodos: Foram selecionados 16 casos de MBP para o grupo I e 59 casos para o grupo II, provenientes de pacientes autopsiados no Departamento de Patologia da FMUSP entre 1975 a 2004. Realizamos colorações de H&E e Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) para o estudo histopatológico, e para o estudo imunohistoquímico utilizamos anticorpos Anti-BCG, CD4, CD8, CD15, CD20 e CD68. Selecionamos 20 casos de MBP distribuídos igualmente entre os dois grupos para a identificação das espécies M. tuberculosis e M. avium. Resultados: A média de idade do grupo I foi de 28,52 anos + 18, 21 anos e do grupo II foi de 36,2 anos + 10,36 anos. Histopatologicamente observamos o padrão de granulomas bem formados em 15 casos do grupo I, enquanto que no grupo II houve um predomínio de granulomas mal formados. A coloração de ZN foi positiva em 82,35% e 84,75% dos casos para o grupo I e grupo II, respectivamente. A imunohistoquímica para BCG foi positiva em todos os casos de ambos os grupos. O grupo I apresentou uma maior prevalência de linfócitos TCD4 (37,65%), seguido pelos linfócitos TCD8 (26,85%), macrófagos (23,71%), linfócitos B (7,31%) e neutrófilos (4,4%). Já no grupo II observamos um predomínio de macrófagos (50,28%), seguido por linfócitos TCD8 (23,75%), TCD4 (20,05%), linfócitos B (4,47%) e neutrófilos (1,45%). A espécie de M. tuberculosis foi identificada em 8 casos de ambos os grupos. A espécie M. avium foi identificada apenas em 01 caso do grupo II. Conclusão: Com o advento da AIDS houve uma mudança no perfil imunológico da MBP devido à depleção dos linfócitos TCD4. O anticorpo anti-BCG pode ser útil para identificar casos de MB que foram negativos para ZN. A Micobacteriose pulmonar foi causada principalmente por M. tuberculosis em ambos os grupos
Abstract: Introduction: Micobacteriosis (MB) is one of the main causes of deaths around the world and its incidence has been increased significantly with the emergence of the AIDS. Objectives: Our aims were to compare the pattern of the inflammatory response in the pulmonary MBs (PMB) between two groups (Group I: PMB; Group II: PMB/AIDS), and to identify the mycobacterium species using PCR technique.Material and Methods: 16 cases of PMB for group I and 59 cases for group II had been selected from autopsied patients in the Department of Pathology of the FMUSP between 1975 to 2004. We performed H&E and Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) for the histopathology study, and for the immunohistochemical study we use Anti-BCG antibodies, CD4, CD8, CD15, CD20 and CD68. We select 20 cases of PMB distributed equally in the both groups for the identification of the M. tuberculosis and M. avium. Results: The mean age was 28,52 years + 18, 21 and 36,2 years + 10,36 for the group I and group II, respectively. The histopathology analysis showed well-organized granulomas in 15 cases of the group I, while the group II exhibited a predominance of the poorly organized granulomas. The ZN was positive in 82,35% of the cases in the group I and 84.75% in the group II. The immunohistochemistry for BCG was positive in all cases of the both groups. Group I presented a strong prevalence of TCD4 lymphocytes (37,65%), followed by TCD8 lymphocytes (26,85%), macrophages (23,71%), B lymphocytes (7,31%) and neutrophils (4,4%). The group II displayed a predominance of macrophages (50,28%), followed by TCD8 lymphocytes (23,75%), TCD4 lymphocytes (20,05%), B lymphocytes (4,47%) and neutrophils (1,45%). The species of M. tuberculosis was identified in 8 cases of both the groups. The species of M. avium was only found in one case of the group II. Conclusion: With the advent of the AIDS it had a change in the immunologic profile of the MBP because of the depletion of lymphocytes TCD4. The antibody anti-BCG can be useful to identify cases of PMB that had been negatives for ZN. The PMB was mainly caused by M. tuberculosis in both groups
Mestrado
Patologia
Mestre em Estomatopatologia
13
Boyd-Flanagan, Sandra L. "A comparative study: Health care providers and student attitudes towards persons with HIV seropositivity or the definitive diagnosis of AIDS." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1989. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/430.
Full text
14
Fisher, Julian Marcus. "A study at the Brooklyn Chest Hospital to assess the change in the oral carriage of Candida species in patients co-infected with HIV and TB, before and after antifungal therapy." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52706.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study at the Brooklyn Chest Hospital (BCH) was to assess the change in the oral carriage of Candida species in twenty-nine patients co-infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Tuberculosis (TB), before and after anti-fungal treatment. Each patient accepted onto the study underwent a comprehensive oral and peri-oral examination where the presence, site and clinical features of all oral and peri-oral lesions were recorded. The purpose of the examination was to provide a clinical diagnosis of oral candidasis. Each patient was also asked to provide a sample of oral fluid for laboratory analysis. This was collected using an oral rinse. The results of a variety of laboratory investigations were used to identify the species of Candida obtained from the oral rinse. Both the oral and peri-oral examination and the oral rinse procedure were repeated after one month and at three months. A sample from each oral rinse was inoculated on CHROMagar Candida chromogenic medium (CHROMagar Candida, France, Paris). CHROMagar is used for the isolation and presumptive identification of Candida sp. from other yeasts on the basis of strongly contrasted colony colours, which are produced by the reactions of species-specific enzymes with a proprietary chromogenic substrate. After forty-eight hours the CHROMagar plate was examined for growth, when a record of colony morphology and colour was made. A single sample from each different colour-coded colony was taken and streaked onto a Sabouraud plate (Oxoid, Basingstake, England) and then incubated for forty eight hours at thirty-seven degrees centigrade. A variety of laboratory investigations were subsequently carried out on a single colony taken from the Sabouraud agar plate (Oxoid). The results of these tests were used to identify the individual species of Candida isolated from each oral rinse. Oral candidasis was the most prevalent oral lesion observed on admission and at three months. Six different species of Candida were identified during this study, namely Candida albicans, Candida dubliniensis, Candida krusei, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida tropicalis. C.albicans was the most commonly identified species in study population. Candida dubliniensis was isolated and identified for the first time in a South African HIV population. Each specimen of Candida sp. identified by laboratory analysis was tested for sensitivity to Nystatin, Amphotericin B and Fluconazole anti-fungal agents. An additional sensitivity test was performed using Ajoene and Allicin (extracts of garlic) to assess the comparative antifungal properties of these compounds.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doelwit van hierdie studie by die Brooklyn Borshospitaal (BCH) was om die verandering in orale draerstatus van die Kandida spesies in nege-en-twintig HIVfTB koïnfekteerde pasiënte vas te stel, voor- en na antifungale behandeling. Elke pasiënt in die studie het 'n volledige intra- en ekstra-orale ondersoek ondergaan. Die teenwoordigheid, area en kliniese voorkoms van alle letsels is noteer. Die doel van die ondersoek was om 'n kliniese diagnose van orale kandidiase te verkry. 'n Monster orale vloeistof is geneem van elke pasiënt vir laboratorium analise. Die monster is in die vorm van 'n mondspoel geneem. Verskeie toetse is gedoen om die verskillende Kandida spesies in elke monster te identifiseer. Die orale- en ekstra-orale ondersoek sowel as die mondspoelmonster is na 1 en 3 maande herhaal. Elke mondspoelmonster is op CHROMagar Kandida chromogene medium (CHROMagar Candida, France) inokuleer. CHROMagar word gebruik vir die vermoedelike identifikasie en isolasie van Kandida spesies teenoor ander swamme. Dit word gedoen op die basis van kontrasterende koloniekleure, wat teweeggebring word deur spesie-spesifieke ensiemreaksies op 'n chromogene substraat. Die CHROMagar plate is na 48 uur ondersoek vir groei en die kolonie-morfologie en - kleur is noteer. 'n Enkel monster. is geneem van elke verskillende kolonie (geskei op kleur) en is uitgestreep op 'n Saboraud plaat (Oxoid, Basingstoke, England). Dit is dan vir 48 uur inkubeer teen 37°C. Verskeie laboratorium ondersoeke is daarna uitgevoer op 'n enkel kolonie geneem vanaf die Saboraud agar plaat (oxoid). Die resultate van die ondersoeke is gebruik om individuele spesies van Kandida te identifiseer. Orale Kandidiase was die mees algemene orale letsel geïdentifiseer by toelating en 3 maande ondersoeke. Ses verskillende spesies Kandida is identifiseer tydens die studie, naamlik: Kandida albicans, K.dubliniensis, K.Krusei, K.glabrata, K.parapsilosis en K.tropicalis. K.albicans was die mees algemeen identifiseerde spesie in die studiepopulasie. K.dubliniensis is vir die eerste keer in Suid-Afrika in 'n HIV<+lpopulasie isoleer en geïdentifiseer. Elke monster van identifiseerde Kandida spesies is getoets vir sensitiwiteit teenoor Nistatien, Amfotensien B en Flukonasool. Addisioneel is ook getoets vir sensitiwiteit teenoor Ajoene en Allicin (knoffelekstrakte).
15
Kenana, Motlatsi Queen. "An evaluation of the attitudes and understanding of HIV/AIDS that underpins the decision to comply or not comply with prenatal HIV/AIDS testing." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_9853_1256911768.
Full textAbstract:
This study aimed to explore the attitudes to HIV testing among a group of black, low socio-economic status pregnant women from Gugulethu, South Africa. The key research interest was to evaluate the attitudes and understandings of HIV/AIDS that underpin the decision to comply or not comply with prenatal HIV testing. Theories of health behaviour concur that the extent to which an individual will engage in a given health behaviour, such as HIV test compliance, will be a function of the extent to which a person believes she is personally susceptible to the particular illness and her evaluation of the severity of the consequences of contracting the disease.
16
Anozie, Uchenna Johnpaul. "Knowledge of occupational safety by hospital cleaners and hospital managers towards HIV and other blood borne pathogens transmission in Abakaliki region in Eastern Nigeria." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/98120.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The research focused on the knowledge of occupational safety by hospital managers towards HIV and other blood borne pathogens transmission in Abakaliki region in eastern Nigeria. These pathogens are easily transmissible by needle sticks and other occupational accidents. It is important to identify factors that pre-expose hospital cleaners to occupational risk exposure that can lead to the transmission of HIV, HBV and HCV. The research was conducted in 10 different hospitals. A total of 90 questionnaires were administered to the hospital cleaners that volunteered to participate in the research and 68 questionnaires were returned representing 75.6% of the total questionnaires. The mean age and standard deviation of the respondents in this study was 38.6 + or – 5.4 years. The researcher conducted a semi-structured interview with all the 10 hospital managers involved with the study and the interviews showed there was a need for an organised training on hospital work and occupational hazards, risk exposures and precautions. The questionnaires showed the knowledge of hospital cleaners on occupational safety and it was observed the majority of the hospital cleaners were not aware of post exposure prophylaxis for HIV. The workers relatively had good practices put in place to prevent HIV, HBV and HCV transmission but majority of them had not received HBV vaccine due to lack of awareness and availability. There was a significant positive correlation between the knowledge of the health workers and HIV transmission and the practice put in place by health workers to prevent HIV transmission (P<0.05). This implies as the knowledge of the health workers about HIV transmission increases, the practice put in place by health workers to prevent HIV transmission and Hepatitis B&C increases. Therefore there is need for continuous training on blood borne pathogens transmission such as HIV transmission in the hospitals and its routes of transmission. There is need for awareness creation for HBV vaccine and Post exposure prophylaxis for HIV exposure.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Nie beskikbaar
jfl201601
17
Foster, Caron. "An exploration of voluntary counselling and testing : a Port Elizabeth-based study." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1204.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to explore and identify factors that either facilitate or inhibit individuals volunteering for HIV-testing. The target group was comprised of Xhosa first-language construction workers in a company with an HIV/AIDS workplace policy and programme. This programme provides basic education and awareness about HIV/AIDS. This education includes information about where to access voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) services. Interpretive qualitative research was undertaken in order to explore the beliefs, perceptions and intentions of the target group in regard to the utilisation VCT services. Data was collected using an unstructured interview guide. The data was analysed using Tesch’s approach to content analysis. Concerns about validity and reliability were engaged throughout the research process and supported further by using researcher reflexivity and an independent researcher. The independent researcher analysed data separately and only after discussion and consensus being found between the two researchers were final categories and codes agreed upon and data analysis considered complete. Findings revealed that an HIV/AIDS workplace programme has a positive impact on the health-seeking behaviour of workers in the construction company used in this research. Respondents knew how HIV/AIDS is transmitted, how to prevent transmission and where to find HIV-testing treatment and support. In this case HIV-testing services can easily be accessed further facilitating respondents volunteering for HIV-testing. It was also found that family, friends and churches support HIV-testing behaviour by providing education, guidance and support to respondents encouraging behaviour change. On the other hand, respondents held that community members who had not benefited from an HIV/AIDS workplace programme such as theirs are exposed daily to the devastating effects of HIV leading to AIDS deaths and live in fear of the disease. Debilitating illness and eventual death is equated with an HIV-positive diagnosis which causes community members to believe it is better not to volunteer for HIV-testing than to ascertain one’s HIV-status. The HIV/AIDS workplace policy and xv programme on the other hand is seen to have provided respondents with HIV/AIDS knowledge enabling them to overcome their fear of an HIV-positive diagnosis and to volunteer for regular HIV-testing.
18
Balding, Alan Guy. "A case study on the implementation of prevalence testing for HIV in a manufacturing company in Kwazulu-Natal." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50235.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.On t.p.: HIV/AIDS Management.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This article describes the approach taken by a company to successfully implement prevalence testing for HIV at one of its manufacturing sites in KwaZulu-Natal. Ninety point four percent of the employees on site on the day of testing subjected themselves to voluntary anonymous testing. No rewards or incentives whatsoever were offered or given to the participants. The problem faced by the company was that there was increasing mortality amongst its employees, particularly those in the lower job grades, mainly machine operators and other lesser skilled positions. The cost of insured benefits provided by the company’s provident fund for death and disability were increasing and less money could be allocated to funding for retirement. In the absence of any empirical data the company had no idea how they would be affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic, other than attempting to use provincial averages. The level of knowledge of HIV and AIDS in the company was judged as relatively poor. Many of the staff, more so the senior staff, had little or no exposure to the disease and what effect it had on those suffering from it or those supporting sufferers. Little had been achieved to manage HIV and AIDS until a workshop was organised by the company for representatives from all branches to attend. Various information topics about HIV were covered at the workshop, which concluded with the site representatives having to work out and table an action plan, and make a personal pledge of what they were going to do to help in the fight against HIV and AIDS. The workshop was attended by all board members, senior management, shop stewards and shop floor representatives. One of the key features of the presentations was by a senior official of the union, who then assisted throughout the rest of the workshop. Site plans were then later followed up when a central committee visited the sites and presentations on progress were made.At the workshop mention was made of the need to conduct prevalence testing and also the establishment of a HIV/AIDS committee. The site committee made the decision that prevalence testing should take place and consulted the workforce themselves and also through shop stewards. Once it was felt that sufficient support would be forthcoming a date for testing was set. The company had in the meantime contracted with a service provider to do testing where needed. A briefing session attended by the HIV/AIDS committee, shop stewards, the management team and two executive directors was arranged. A doctor employed by the service provider addressed the group and answered their concerns and demonstrated the saliva test on himself. On the day of testing senior management and the senior shop steward walked the factory floor encouraging employees to participate. This intervention has laid the foundation for a successful management campaign against HIV and AIDS in the workplace.
In hierdie artikel word die benadering wat n maatskappy gebruik om die voorkomsyfer van MIV by een van sy vervaardigingsterreine in KwaZulu-Natal to toets, beskryf. Op die dag waarop toetsing plaasgevind het, het 90,4% van die werknemers op die terrain hulleself vrywilliglik laat toets. Tydens hierdie anonieme toetsing is geen belonging of voordele van enige aard aan die deelnemers gebied nie. Die problem wat die maatskappy gehad het, was dat daar n toenemde sterftesyfer onder werknemers in die laer posvlakte soos masjienoperateurs en werknemers in posiese wat minder vaardighede vereis. Daar was stygende koste (in terme van dood en ongeskiktheid) van versekerde voordele waarvoor die maatskappy se voorsieningsfonds voorsiening maak, wat tot gevolg gehad het dat daar minder geld beskikbaar was vir pensionfondse. Omdat daar n tekort van empiriese data was, het die maatskappy geen idée gehad van die effek wat die MIV/VIGS-pandemie op hom sou uitoefen nie, behalwe deur die gebruik van provinsiale gemiddeldes. Die kennis van MIV/VIGS binne die maatskappy is as swak bestempel. ’n Groot hoeleevheid van die personeel, veral die in senior poste, het min of geen blootstelling gehad van die virus en die effek wat dit op VIGS-lyers en die ondersteuners van VIGS-lyers het nie. Min is gedoen on MIV/VIGS te bestuur, totdat n werkswinlek deur die maatskappy georganiseer is vir verteenwoordiges van al, die takke. ’n Verskeidenheid onderwerpe in verband met MIV/VIGS is deur die werkswinkel gedek. Een daarvan was dat die terreinverteenwoordiges n aksieplan moes opstel en n persoonlike eed moes afle dat hulle sou help in die stryd teen MIV/VIGS. Die werkswinkel is deur al die raadslede, senior bestuurslede, werkswinkelassistente en –verteenwoordiges bygewoon. Die hoofsaak van die voorleggings is deur n senior uniebeampte gelei, waarna hy vir die verloop van die program geassisteer het. Terreinplanne is opgestel en dit is later opgevolg deur n sentralle komitee wat die terreine besoek het en voorleggings gelewer het in verband met die vordering wat gemaak is. Tydens die werkswinkel is melding gemaak van die noodsaaklikheid van die toetsing van die voorkomsyfers van MIV en die instelling van n MIV/VIGS komitee. Die terreinkomitee het besluit dat die voorkomstoetsing moes plaasvind nadat die werkersmag en werkswinkelsttistente gekonsulteer is. Nadat besluit is dat die nodige ondersteuning uit hierdie toetsing sou voortspruit, is ’n datum vir die toetsing voorgestel. Vir die interementydperk het die maatskappy ’n diensverskaffer gekontrak om die toetsing, waar nodig, waar te neem. ’n Inligtingsessie is gereel wat deur die MIV/VIGS-komitee, werkswinkelassistente, die bestuurspan en twee uitvoerende direkteure bygewoon is. ’n Dokter, wat deur die diensverskaffer in diens geneem is, het die groep te word gestaan en antwoorde verskaf op hulle vraagstukke. Hy het ook die speekselftoets op himself gedemonstreer. Op die dag wat die toetsing plaasgevind het, het die seniorbestuur en werkswinkel-assistant deur die fabriek geloop en werknemers anngemoedig on aan die toetsing deel te neem. Hierdie intervensie het gelei tot die stigting van n suksesvolle bestuursveldtog teen MIV/VIGS in die werksplek.
19
Weston, Robyn. "An exploratory study of Rhodes students' attitudes and perceptions towards HIV/Aids." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003294.
Full textAbstract:
The present study explores Rhodes students' perceptions and attitudes towards HIV/Aids issues. This study focuses on risk behaviour, stigmatisation, social perceptions and voluntary counselling and HIV testing (VCT). There is a lack of research on student attitudes, knowledge and behaviour at Rhodes University. It was therefore deemed pertinent to research this topic in that context. It was envisaged that the study would provide insights to be used in the formulation of improved strategies for HIV/Aids programs and education, ultimately impacting on the exponential increase of the pandemic in the Southern African region. A sample of six hundred and seventy five Rhodes University undergraduates completed a survey and its findings were interpreted in terms of relevant literature. A mixed methods approach using qualitative and quantitative methods was used. A focus group consisting of seven post-graduate students informed the development of the survey along with relevant literature. Four departments from the faculties of Commerce, Humanities, Science and Law were randomly sampled for the survey phase. Statistica was used to calculate descriptive statistics while the chi-square statistic was applied to examine the relationships between the variables. The findings show that the majority of students have high intention levels in planning to use preventative behaviour. However, in practise, this may not be the case. Many students feel that they belong to high or medium risk groups, as opposed to the low-risk groups. In terms of motivation levels, only sixty three percent of students are highly motivated to protect themselves from HIV/Aids and one third of respondents felt that they could not ask their partner to accompany them for an HIV/Aids test. In addition, students who had received VCT were more likely to be positive about the counselling process.
20
Komanyane, Lorato. "Factors influencing the utilization of voluntary counselling and testing services amongst employees of the Lobatse Town Council in Botswana." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/535.
Full textAbstract:
In this study both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to find out to what extent the Lobatse Town Council employees used Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) HIV and AIDS services, the reasons for using or not using the services, the preferred service providers reasons for choosing a service provider. Lastly recommendations were made on how the uptake HIV and AIDS VCT services could increased amongst the employees. A sample of 200 respondents was selected from the employees of the Lobatse Town Council, and it was established that 65.5 percent of the respondents had used VCT. Females had a higher testing participation rates than males, white collar respondents had a higher testing participation than the blue collar respondents. There was a higher rate amongst the married than the single respondents and the older ages of 30 and above than the young ages of 29 years and under. In the study it was also established that the majority of the respondents considered voluntary counselling and testing for HIV and AIDS as being important. However there were some groups that were more positive than others regarding the importance of testing. More females than males were positive regarding the importance of testing, and also amongst the employment categories the white collar respondents were more positive than the blue collar respondents regarding the importance of HIV and AIDS testing. Furthermore it was established that the most important reason for testing amongst the employees that did test for HIV and AIDS was that they felt that they needed to undergo testing before they tested. The respondents that did not test for HIV and AIDS indicated that the most important reason for not testing was that they were scared the results could not be kept confidential. The research also showed that the most preferred service provider was Tebelopele. Tebelopele was the most used and preferred service provider amongst both gender and age groups, all marital groups and the blue collar group in the employment categories. However, for the white collar group the most preferred service provider was the private practitioners. The most common reason for choosing a service provider was confidentiality and privacy. Lastly, the research makes recommendations on what needs to be done to increase the uptake of VCT HIV and AIDS testing amongst the Lobatse Town Council employees. One of the recommendations is that there was a need to educate the employees of the Lobatse Town Council and that the education should be specific for each group. For example from the group discussion the participants felt that the reason to why males did not want to utilise HIV and AIDS VCT was because they lacked knowledge on the importance of testing. Also the respondents indicated that there was a need to remove stigma and discrimination through removing confidentiality attached to HIV and AIDS. It was also, recommended that the Lobatse Town Council formulate and implements a workplace policy on HIV and AIDS
21
Torres, Jonathan. "HIV false-positives : the impact doctrine and negligent infliction of emotional distress." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2001. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/252.
Full textAbstract:
This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Health and Public Affairs
Legal Studies
22
Williams, Leilanie. "Barriers and enablers to acceptance of voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) services by youth males." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/19894.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) is considered an important component of the South African government’s response to the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Despite of this, the numbers of South Africans who have accessed VCT remains low. Pregnant women in antenatal clinics remain the primary recipients of HIV testing since it is routinely offered to them at antenatal clinics. Figures from antenatal clinics constitute the most important source of HIV/AIDS statistics in South Africa. Targeting women at antenatal clinics perpetuate the stereotypes that women are solely responsible for reproductive health issues or, that they are to be blame for the mounting HIV infections. These beliefs exacerbate the culminating violence against women. According to observation, active involvement of male youth in reproductive health at the Rosedale Clinic situated in Uitenhage, a town in the Eastern Cape, appears to be very limited. This might be as a result of traditional beliefs declaring reproductive health a primarily female domain. Active involvement of males in reproductive health is considered to have positive health outcomes both for themselves, and their partners. The purpose of this study is thus to encourage males served by the Rosedale clinic to become more actively involved in one aspect of reproductive health, namely voluntary counseling and testing (VCT). The study aims to find out which factors constitute barriers and enablers to VCT acceptance by male youth. Semi-structured, face-to- face interviews were conducted in September 2006 with eighteen males, 18 to 25 years, to determine from their perspective what constitute barriers and enablers to HIV test acceptance by males. These participants were recruited from two well-known rugby clubs in Uitenhage, located in the Eastern Cape. In addition, a focus group discussion was conducted with four males recruited at a graduate development programme hosted in Uitenhage in order to explore common themes emerging from interviews and the discussion. A pervasive, psychologically rooted fear; and possible low perception of risk emerge from this study as main barriers to HIV testing. Negative perceptions regarding service delivery in the public health sector constitute another barrier to HIV testing. The possibility of teasing, a common phenomenon amongst rugby players but not exclusive to them, exacerbates peer pressure thus possibly contributing to low levels of HIV test acceptance among these males. Increased HIV test acceptance is associated with increased opportunities of exposure to HIV testing opportunities, for example at awareness campaigns. Access to medical aid and income is also associated with an increased likelihood of HIV testing since most males prefer accessing HIV testing services in the private sector. Convenience and ease of access to HIV testing services are important when these males consider going for HIV testing.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vrywillige Berading en MIV Toetsing, een aspek van reproduktiewe gesondheid, word beskou as ‘n belangrike komponent van die Suid-Afrikaanse regering se strategie teen MIV/VIGS. Ongeag van hierdie feit is ‘n groot aantal Suid-Afrikaners nog nie getoets vir MIV nie. Swanger vrouens word op ‘n daaglikse basis hierdie toets aangebied as deel van roetine ondersoeke. Syfers vanaf pre-natale klinieke vorm die hoofbron van Suid- Afrika se HIV/VIGS statistieke. Die feit dat swanger vrouens die hoofteikengroep is vir MIV toetsing dra by tot stereotipes wat daartoe lei dat vrouens primêr verantwoordelik is vir die behoud van reproduktiewe gesondheid; en dat hulle beskou word as die hoofverdagtes in die toenemende oordrag van MIV. Laasgenoemde beskuldiging vererger geweld teen vrouens. Volgens waarneming by Rosedale publieke kliniek geleë in Uitenhage, ‘n dorp in die Oos-kaap, is veral jeugdige mans se betrokkenheid in reproduktiewe gesondheid uiters minimaal. Dit kan moontlik wees omdat reproduktiewe gesondheid tradisioneel as ‘n vroulike domein beskou word. Aktiewe betrokkenheid van beide mans en vrouens in reproduktiewe gesondheid het positiewe gesondheidsuitkomste vir beide partye tot gevolg. Die doel van hierdie studie is dus om jongmans wie deur die Rosedale kliniek bedien word aan te moedig om meer sigbaar te word in reproduktiewe gesondheidskwessies; met die oog op een aspek daarvan naamlik, vrywillige berading en MIV toetsing. Die studie poog dus om uit te vind watter struikelblokke jeugdige mans weerhou van MIV toetsing en; watter faktore mans aanmoedig om vir die toets te gaan. Semi-gestruktureerde, aangesig-tot- aangesig onderhoude is in September 2006 met 18 mans, vanaf die ouderdomme 18 tot 25 jaar, gevoer. Hierdie mans was tydens die studie rugbyspelers vanuit twee welbekende rugbyklubs op die dorp. ‘n Addisionele fokus groep is verder gevoer met manlike studente wie ten tye van die studie aan ‘n ontwikkelingsprogram vir gradueerders deelgeneem het op die dorp. Hierdie fokusgroep is geloods om soortgelyke temas vanuit die onderhoude en die bespreking te ondersoek. Die studie toon dat ‘n diepgewortelde, sielkundige vrees; en moontlike lae bewustheid van persoonlike risiko die twee vernaamste struikelblokke is vir MIV toetsing. Negatiewe sienings rakende die publieke gesondheidssektor kan moontlik bydrae tot weerstand teen MIV toetsingsdienste. Tergery, ‘n bekende verskynsel onder rugbymans, maar nie slegs beperk tot diè groep nie, dra by tot groepsdruk en weerhou moontlik menige mans van MIV toetsing. Diegene in die studie wie alreeds vir MIV getoets is geniet toenemende blootstelling aan MIV toetsingsgeleenthede; bv tydens bewusmakingsveldtogte geloods òf by die werk òf tersiêre instellings. Toegang tot ‘n mediese fonds; en ‘n inkomste is moontlike bepalende faktore sienende dat meeste respondente gesondheidsdienste in die privaatsektor verkies. Gerieflike toegang tot MIV toetsingsdienste word deur sommige mans as belangrike beskou wanneer hulle MIV toetsing oorweeg.
23
Cupido, Ynoma. "Waiting to die: staging of HIV positive people at the first HIV test - Region A, Nelson Mandela Metropole (January 1991-April 2000)." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8832_1253846190.
Full textAbstract:
This project suggested tha HIV people in Region A (Nelson Mandela Metropole, formerly Port Elizabeth) health districty of the Eastern Cape, seek HIV testing when they are already in stages three (late disease) and four (AIDS) of HIV infection. Data had been obtained from the AIDS Training Information and Counselling Centre in the Nelson Mandela Metropole in 2000. The consequences of diagnoses onlu in the advanced stages of HIV infection will have a devastating impact on case management. Therefore, this paper yielded important data for South African policy makers to write health and welfare policies that might improve the quality of life of those terminally infected with HIV.
24
Jurie, Khuselwa. "Experiences of women recently diagnosed with HIV." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017882.
Full textAbstract:
The focus of this study is on the experiences of a small sample of local women who have been recently diagnosed with HIV. The aim of the research was to give these women an opportunity to express their first-hand, personal accounts of living with HIV. Five isiXhosa-speaking women were recruited and interviewed. These accounts were collected and analysed within in the methodological framework of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, a qualitative approach that is becoming increasingly popular in the broad fields of health and clinical psychology. Data was analysed for meaningful units, which were interpreted inductively and hermeneutically, and categorised into super-ordinate themes. Five themes within the participants’ experiences of living with HIV were identified: (1) experiences of diagnosis, (2) experiences of stigma, (3) social support, (4) coping strategies, and (5) HIV as one of many assaults to self. Implicated in these experiences are the ways in which these women have appraised themselves and their situation after an HIV-positive diagnosis, appraisals that are shaped by HIV-related stigma. A variety of negative emotional reactions are common following the diagnosis, often compounded by the direct experiences of HIV-related stigma. Women in the study adopted different kinds of coping strategies based on the resources and social support available to them. Also significant is that for these women who had typically endured a variety of traumatic life events, a positive diagnosis was simply one of many life challenges
25
Peltier, Cécile. "Prévention de la transmission du VIH-1 par le lait maternel au Rwanda et dépistage précoce des enfants infectés." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209572.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail est réparti en deux parties différentes issues de deux études différentes.La première partie décrit l’étude AMATA conçue en 2005 au Rwanda, étude prospective basée sur le suivi d’une cohorte répartie en deux groupes d’intervention postnatale. Cette étude avait pour objectif de tester l’hypothèse que l’allaitement maternel (AM) sous trithérapie antirétrovirale maternelle (HAART) pouvait être une prévention aussi efficace que le lait artificiel (LA) afin de réduire drastiquement la transmission du virus VIH de la mère à l’enfant avec une moindre mortalité infantile. Cette intervention permettait de préserver les avantages de l’AM, connue pour offrir une prévention naturelle minimisant les infections graves, en particulier les gastro-entérites et diminuant le taux de malnutrition protéino-énergétique (MPE). Dans la cohorte « AMATA », un groupe d’enfants était allaité exclusivement durant six mois, les mères étant sous trithérapie antirétrovirale systématique et un autre groupe d’enfants était nourri au LA durant les six premiers mois de vie. L’intervention débutait durant la grossesse à partir de la 28ème semaine d’âge gestationnel, une trithérapie antirétrovirale étaient donnée à toutes ces femmes enceintes infectées par le VIH participant à l’étude, quel que soit leur stade immunitaire ou clinique. Cette trithérapie était poursuivie à vie pour les femmes nécessitant cette combinaison de traitements antirétroviraux pour des raisons cliniques et/ou immunitaires et non poursuivie pour les autres femmes, avec un schéma d’interruption minimisant les résistances aux ARVs.
Les critères d’évaluation de comparaison des deux interventions postnatales étaient la survie à 9 mois des enfants non infectés, le taux d’infection par le VIH et la mortalité des enfants dans chaque groupe. La présence de facteurs confondants a été recherchée en effectuant une analyse de variance car la randomisation était impossible pour des raisons éthiques.
Dans l’étude AMATA, parmi les 532 enfants inclus, 227 (43%) étaient allaités et 305 (57%) recevaient du LA, 7 enfants furent infectés par le VIH (1,3%) dont 6 in utero (3 enfants par groupe). Un enfant fut infecté par l’AM correspondant à un risque cumulatif postnatal de 0,5% [IC95% 0,1–3,4%; P 0,24]. Ce taux de transmission reste parmi les plus bas dans un pays à ressources limitées même en comparant avec d’autres études où la trithérapie fut aussi utilisée durant l’AM. Ces études furent publiées après le début de l’enrôlement des patientes dans l’étude rwandaise AMATA en 2005.
La différence de mortalité à 9 mois n’était pas statistiquement différente dans les 2 groupes avec 3,3% (95% IC 1,6–6,9%) pour les enfants allaités et 5,7% (95% IC 3,6–9,2%) pour les enfants recevant du LA (P= 0,20).
Cette étude renforce la notion que l’AM sous trithérapie antirétrovirale (HAART) reste une approche à recommander dans les contextes où la mortalité infantile est élevée. Cette prévention postnatale permet non seulement de réduire très efficacement la transmission du VIH de la mère à l’enfant en préservant les avantages de l’AM et en évitant les risques du LA distribué dans des contextes d’hygiène précaire où un accès à l’eau potable est difficile.
Dans cette étude, l’efficacité de ces 2 interventions postnatales était comparable avec des taux de transmission et de mortalité semblables statistiquement.
La deuxième partie de ce travail, basée sur les résultats d’une cohorte d’enfants âgés de moins de 18 mois nés de mères infectées par le VIH permettait d’évaluer les signes cliniques présomptifs proposés par l’OMS en 2005. Ces signes
étaient créés afin de pouvoir effectuer le diagnostic clinique d’infection par le VIH chez les enfants exposés au virus VIH
dans les pays où les techniques moléculaires de PCR n’étaient pas accessibles. Les enfants nés de mères infectées par le
VIH gardent parfois des anticorps anti-VIH maternels jusqu’à l’âge de 18 mois sans être pourtant contaminés par le VIH/SIDA. Avant cet âge, la confirmation de l’infection par le VIH repose sur la démonstration de la présence d’ADN proviral ou ARN par la technique PCR. La mortalité précoce des nourrissons infectés par le VIH est élevée, il est important de pouvoir bénéficier d’ARVs dès le diagnostic précoce de l’infection.
Les signes cliniques de présomption d’infection par le VIH chez l’enfant exposé (sérologie VIH +) de moins de 18 mois ont été proposés en 2005 par l’OMS et modifiés en 2006 mais ne furent jamais évalués.
Cette étude transversale comprenant 236 enfants de moins de 18 mois ayant une sérologie VIH positive consistait à évaluer la sensibilité (76,6%) et la spécificité (52,7%) de ces signes cliniques en confirmant leur statut infectieux réel par le test PCR pour le VIH, test de référence.
Cette spécificité basse inquiétante était liée aux enfants présentant des signes cliniques similaires bien que non infectés par le VIH mais souvent carencés par manque d’apport calorique et/ou souffrant d’une forme avancée de tuberculose extra pulmonaire ou d’autres affections chroniques. Ces enfants cachectiques pouvaient présenter les mêmes signes cliniques que les enfants infectés par le VIH car ils avaient une baisse de leur immunité cellulaire due à la MPE.
Dans la première partie de ce travail, l’étude AMATA a montré 2 façons efficaces de diminuer la transmission du VIH de la mère à l’enfant.
Dans la deuxième partie, on a évalué une méthode de diagnostic clinique précoce proposé par l’OMS afin de détecter les enfants infectés par le VIH en l’absence de test virologique PCR mais la basse spécificité indique la nécessité d’améliorer cette méthode diagnostique.
Doctorat en Sciences médicales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
26
Klein-Scholz, Christelle. ""I remember when a diagnosis was a death sentence" : lʼécriture du SIDA et de la mort dans la littérature gay. : David Feinberg, Tony Kushner et Armistead Maupin." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3060/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse présente une réflexion sur lʼécriture du SIDA et de la mort dans la littérature gay américaine à travers les oeuvres de David Feinberg, Tony Kushner et Armistead Maupin. À la croisée dʼun thème (le SIDA) et dʼun type de littérature (la littérature gay, qui préexistait à lʼépidémie), cette étude prend en considération les multiples dimensions de lʼépidémie de VIH/SIDA : dans lʼobjectif dʼacquérir « une connaissance anthropologique par la littérature et le roman » (Laplantine), en passant outre les « traditional disciplinary boundaries » (Campbell & Kean), elle montre que, si le SIDA fut probablement un rendez-vous manqué avec lʼhistoire, ce ne fut pas le cas avec la littérature. Quand les médias, les pouvoirs publics, les autorités sanitaires et la population générale nʼont pas pris la mesure de la catastrophe, les auteurs gays, eux, ont pris le SIDA à bras le corps, en même temps que le VIH prenait possession du leur, et ont produit des oeuvres qui méritent un travail dʼexégèse, notamment parce que lʼépidémie de VIH/SIDA nʼest toujours pas sous contrôle. À partir des oeuvres de ces auteurs, qui constituent un échantillon tant au niveau générique quʼen termes de réception, elle montre que la littérature gay du SIDA ne constitue tout au plus quʼune césure, et non une rupture, avec les littératures qui lʼont précédée. Le corps écorché par le SIDA prend, à cause de cette épidémie anachronique (apparue à une époque où les hommes semblaient pouvoir avoir la conviction que les épidémies appartenaient au passé), une place centrale dans les vies et dans les oeuvres. Le corps mourant devient un topos, à la fois un lieu dʼexploration et le principe qui informe le texteThis dissertation explores the way AIDS and death are treated in American gay literature, with a focus on works by David Feinberg, Tony Kushner and Armistead Maupin. At a crossroads where a theme (AIDS) meets a type of literature (gay literature, which pre-existed the epidemic), this dissertation takes into account the many dimensions of the HIV/AIDS epidemic: aiming at anthropological knowledge through literature (Laplantine), moving "beyond traditional disciplinary boundaries" (Campbell & Kean), it shows that, when it comes to AIDS, history probably missed the boat, but literature did not. The media, the government officials, the health authorities and the general population never took the full measure of the HIV/AIDS crisis; gay authors, by contrast, fully confronted the epidemic, while HIV was taking hold in their bodies, and produced works that deserve to be read and examined, notably because, three decades after the first cases, the HIV/AIDS epidemic still is not under control. Based on an examination of works by the three authors, that constitute a sample both in generic terms (autobiography/autofiction, novel, drama) and in terms of reception, it shows that the gay literature of AIDS is, at most, a crack or a slit, not a breakaway from the literatures that came before. As a result of this anachronistic epidemic (it appeared at a time when Man seemed to be able to believe that epidemics were a thing of the past), the body wounded by AIDS takes center stage in their lives and in their works. The dying body becomes a topos, a place of exploration and the motif that structures the text
27
Noluvuyo, Leonelle Gosangaye. "Evalution of the knowledge and skills of the professional nurses regarding IMCI service delivery, including HIV/AIDS case management in primary health care facilities in Buffalo City Sub-District, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006782.
Full textAbstract:
An increase in diarrhoea and upper respiratory tract infection has been noted for the past five years and this is associated with the prevalence of Human Immune-deficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. HIV infection is an increasingly common cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in South Africa. In some areas of the country, like the Eastern Cape, more than 30 percent of the women attending antenatal clinics are HIV infected. Without intervention, approximately one third of the babies born to these HIV infected mothers will get infection from their mothers (WHO, 2003). Aim and Objectives of the study: The study was meant to assess the specific knowledge and skills of professional nurses at the primary health facilities regarding management and integration of childhood illnesses, evaluate the quality of training of professional nurses on aspects of IMCI including integration of HIV within IMCI programme for children under five years in Primary Health Care facilities in Mdantsane Township. Methods: A quantitative descriptive method was used for this study. The questionnaire developed by the researcher was used for data collection. The items on the questionnaire were divided into four (4) subsections. The questionnaire was administered to all professional nurses on duty and those available at the time of data collection. A checklist for IMCI was used to collect data from Road to Health files of children who were HIV positive admitted in the pediatric ward at Cecilia Makhiwane Hospital. Results: The results of this study for all the variables examined showed that the highest score was 56 percent and the lowest was18 percent.These results indicated that the knowledge and skills of professional nurses were inadequate.
28
Idogho, Omokhudu. "Determinants of voluntary HIV counselling testing uptake in the federal capital territory Abuja, Nigeria." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4923.
Full textAbstract:
The overall aim of this study was to understand the determinants of VCT uptake in the general population of Nigeria’s federal capital territory of Abuja. Uptake of VCT still remains low despite increased availability of VCT information and services in Abuja, Nigeria.
A quantitative cross-sectional study was undertaken with 180 respondents from Abuja, using an adaptation of the Health Belief Model as conceptual framework, to elucidate the social demographics of respondents, their HIV/VCT knowledge, their perceptions of VCT facility design, societal support for VCT, and how HIV stigma shapes the phenomenon of VCT uptake in Abuja, Nigeria.
The key findings were that a better understanding of HIV prevention, a perception of support from community and religious leaders, and access to HIV test services in government facilities are positive predictors of higher VCT uptake. Poor personal risk assessment and the cost of HIV testing were identified as the key barriers to VCT access.Health Studies
M.P.H.
29
Chinemelu, Benjamin Chinedu Chukwukelu. "The HIV/AIDS policy of the Anglican Church of Nigeria : a critical analysis." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1861.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis seeks to outline the HIV epidemic in Nigeria and understand the response of the Church of Nigeria (Anglican Communion) to the epidemic. In evaluating the Church of Nigeria's policy document, it also seeks to understand how the response needs to be strengthened. The thesis looks at the history of HIV and AIDS in Nigeria and the impact of the epidemic on the Nigerian society. It further identifies some of the factors that contribute to the spread of HIV in Nigeria and the government's response to the epidemic. For the Church to respond appropriately to the epidemic there is a great need to start by theologizing the epidemic in a more helpful way. It is based on this that this thesis further attempts to theologize the epidemic by discussing sexuality, the notion of imago dei and shalom as well-being. The thesis examines the six thematic areas of the policy document and presents a critical analysis in which it discovers that though there are good things in the policy document, it however, needed a more solid theological foundation and employment of an educative tool that is more inclusive. Central to the argument of the thesis is that no one factor drives the epidemic, but rather a complex interaction between several factors. Therefore, to strengthen the policy document the thesis suggests a number of things to do which include a more solid theological foundation and employing of the 'SAVE' approach as an educative tool in response to the epidemic.Thesis (M.Th.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2006.
30
Jimoh, Morayo Ayopo. "Exploring Nigerian adolescent students perceptions of HIV/AIDS and their attitudes to prevention methods : a psycho of educational perspective." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3037.
Full textAbstract:
The quantitative study focuses on the perceptions of Nigerian adolescent students to HIV/AIDS and their attitudes to prevention methods. From the literature reviewed it was ascertained that adolescent students do have positive and optimistic perceptions of HIV/AIDS, and also adequate knowledge, but this has not translated into positive attitudes to prevention methods.
The literature also indicated that peer group pressure, parental control and the mass media are some variables that probably influence adolescents’ sexual behaviour.
This researcher developed the ‘Adolescent Students’ Perception of HIV/AIDS and Attitude to Prevention Methods Questionnaire’ to solicit information from the adolescent students. The results were coded and duly analysed.
The results from the empirical study indicated that Nigerian adolescent students have positive perceptions regarding HIV/AIDS, as well as positive attitudes to prevention methods.
Recommendations were made for curriculum experts, educators and parents based on current research methods.Psychology of Education
Thesis (D. Ed. (Psychology of Education)
31
Oyewale, Tajudeen Oyeyemi. "HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitude among teachers in Abuja, Nigeria." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2125.
Full textAbstract:
The study sought to describe HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitude among teachers in Abuja, Nigeria. The study noted that teachers were knowledgeable about HIV/AIDS and poor HIV/AIDS attitude persist. Among the respondents, statistically significant relationship exist between education qualification and knowledge of MTCT of HIV during pregnancy; between geographic location and the knowledge to clarify misconception about HIV transmission; between gender and the knowledge of condom use; and between the receipt of HIV/AIDS information or training on FLHE curriculum and the procedural knowledge of discussing / teaching sexuality and HIV/AIDS issues with fellow teachers or students. However, there is no statistical significant relationship between the teachings of HIV/AIDS issues and the feeling that HIV/AIDS education promotes sexual promiscuity.Health Studies
MA (Public Health)
32
Tumwikirize, Simpson. "A model for revitalising caregiver social support competencies: the value of support group participation on behavioural outcomes of people living with HIV in Nigeria." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19893.
Full textAbstract:
Text in EnglishThe discovery that anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is important for human immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV) prevention has increased interest in factors that influence adherence to HIV treatment. Studies have shown that non-adherence to ART results in drug resistance, morbidity and person-to-person HIV transmission. For persons defaulting on or living risky sexual lives, becoming adherent is a life-saving behavioural change, both for themselves and for their sexual partners. HIV/AIDS programmes are trying different innovations to enhance behavioural outcomes of people living with HIV (PLHIV). This study sought to determine the value of support group participation and based on the findings, to develop an evidence-based model for revitalising caregiver social support competencies. The study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, a cross-sectional descriptive design was used to compare PLHIV who participate in support group activities with those who do not, in terms of their behavioural outcomes. Multistage probability sampling was used to select study respondents. Data was collected using a selfadministered questionnaire from 1,676 respondents between February and May 2014. Data was analysed using STATA. Data analysis shows that 47% of respondents had once (ever) participated in support group activities while 53% had never. PLHIV who participated in support group activities differed from those who did not in terms of HIV-related stigma (p=<0.001), positive HIV status disclosure (p=0.005), ART adherence (p=0.021), and sexual risk behaviours (p=0.045). PLHIV who participated in support group activities were more likely to have less internal HIV-related stigma, disclose their positive HIV status, adhere to ART and live less risky sexual lives. The two study groups were not different in terms of perceived social support (p=0.28) and external stigma (p=0.250). More PLHIV obtained social support from health workers (66%) and family members (36%) than from PLHIV support groups (16%). The researcher concludes that participating in support group activities positively impacts on behavioural outcomes of PLHIV, but PLHIV support groups are not the only sources of social support. In the second phase, a model for revitalising PLHIV caregiver social support competencies was developed as a recommendation for assuring PLHIV access to holistic care and support.
Health Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)
33
Ogbureke, Chidiebere Kalu. "HIV and AIDS related stigma among undergraduate students at a University in Nigeria." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/24354.
Full textAbstract:
The existence of HIV related stigma and discrimination in institutions of learning across the world is well-documented in the literature. It is also well known that factors such as knowledge about stigma and discrimination, fear of infection, social judgment, legal and policy environment act as actionable drivers and facilitators of HIV related stigma and discrimination. However, research works focusing on how various actionable drivers and facilitators are related to different forms of HIV related stigma and discrimination at universities in Nigeria are scanty.
The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the individual correlates of HIV-related stigma among undergraduate students at a public university in Nigeria.
Methods: Quantitative cross-sectional descriptive design was used. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of the University of South Africa. Permission to access the participants was obtained. The study was conducted at Ambrose Alli University which has a population of over 20,000 students. Informed consent was obtained from the participants. Simple random sampling was used to select 404 participants who were handed self-administered questionnaire. Collected data was analysed using All Pearson Chi-square test and Fishers Exact Test (p<0.05). Validity and reliability were also considered.
A total of 391 questionnaires (97%) were returned and considered for analysis. Descriptive summary statistics and cross tabulations were used to analyse The results showed that a high proportion of undergraduate students still have stigmatising behaviours toward people living with HIV. These stigmatising behaviours are associated with certain individual characteristics.
Recommendation: There is an urgent need for political leaders and heads of universities to implement policies and programmes that will enhance knowledge regarding HIV AND AIDS and thereby reduce stigmatizing attitudes among undergraduate students.Health Studies
M.P.H.
34
Zhou, Jialun Public Health & Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "HIV/AIDS natural history and treatment in the Asia-Pacific region: the treat Asia HIV observational database." 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40606.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines HIV disease natural history and response to antiretroviral treatment (ART) in patients from The TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database (TAHOD), a mulitcentre, prospective observational cohort of HIV-infected patients from countries in the Asia-Pacific region. By September 2005, 2979 patients have been recruited to TAHOD from 15 participating sites. The majority were male (73%), median age 37 years. Chinese (37%), Thai (25%) and Indian (17%) were the main ethnicities. Most patients reported HIV infection through heterosexual (59%) and homosexual contact (23%); 5% injecting drug use. At baseline, 41% of patients were diagnosed with AIDS defining illness, and 77% were being treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Baseline and retrospective data suggest that the overall response to HAART in TAHOD is similar to that seen in western cohorts, with mean CD4 count increase of 115 cells/μL and 69% achieving a viral load less than 400 copies/mL six-month after HAART initiation. Baseline CD4 count was the strongest predictor of short-term disease progression. Prognostic models based on routine clinical data and haemoglobin gave a good estimation of disease progression. The rate of new AIDS defining illness was 26% in the first 90 days after HAART initiation, which may partly be due to immune reconstitution syndrome occurring shortly after treatment. The most frequently used first-line ART combination was stavudine/lamivudine/nevirapine. Approximately 22% of patients receiving this treatment changed or stopped at least one drug in the first year, with adverse effect (including lipodystrophy, hepatitis, rash and peripheral neuropathy) the major reasons. The rates of discontinuation of efavirenz or nevirapine as part of HAART were similar (16 vs. 20/100 person years). Older age and positive HCV antibody were associated with an elevated liver function (ALT) test. Both prevalence of HBV and HCV coinfection with HIV were approximately 10%. The impact of hepatitis coinfection on immunological and virological responses to ART and HIV disease progression was not statistically significant. Both HBV and HCV remained independently associated with elevated ALT in the multivariate models. The overall HIV disease progression and response to ART in TAHOD patients were similar to those seen in the western countries.
35
Chiegil, Robert Joseph. "Quality of antiretroviral therapy in public health facilities in Nigeria and the perceptions of the end users." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/6222.
Full textAbstract:
The health care industry in Nigeria is increasingly grappling with challenges of meeting end users’ requirements and expectations for quality antiretroviral therapy (ART) service provision. This study sought to explore and describe the quality of antiretroviral therapy in public health facilities in Nigeria and the perceptions of the end users. A descriptive qualitative research design was used in the study in order to generate ideas from end users for improving quality of ART service provision, and prompt additional research activities. Unstructured focus group discussions were conducted with end users (n=64) in 6 locations across the 6 geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Data was analysed using the framework approach because it reflects the original accounts and observations of the end users and the Weft QDA version 1.0.1 software to validate the results. Findings revealed that end users were satisfied with uninterrupted antiretroviral drug supplies, courtesy treatment, volunteerism of support group members and quality counselling services. End users expect public health facilities to accept diagnostic results from collaborating facilities, implement continuous quality improvement (CQI), maintain clean and adequate health infrastructure, reduce end user waiting time, reduce stigma, comprehensively assess end users during each clinic visit and ensure uninterrupted ART services. They also expect effective collaboration between healthcare providers and support group members, to enhance the quality of life of people living with HIV (PLHIV). End users identified the following as quality gaps in ART service provision: weak health facility leadership, non-attractive ART service infrastructure, frequently interrupted laboratory services, demotivated and inadequate health care workers, long waiting time, interrupted medicine supplies and inadequate procedure for complaints management. In conclusion, the following recommendations were proffered: deploy and train additional health care workers, integrate ART into regular health services, improve supply chain management of health commodities, and reduce end user overload in clinics. Finally, a best practice guideline for the provision of end user focused ART service provision was developed.Health Studies
D.Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)
36
Chiegil, Robert Joseph. "Nigerian health workers' views concerning paediatric adherence to anti-retroviral therapy." Diss., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3670.
Full textAbstract:
This study sought to explore the views of healthcare workers regarding paediatric anti-retroviral therapy (ART) adherence in Nigeria. An exploratory descriptive qualitative research design was used to identify and describe healthcare workers’ views in Kano and Lagos, Nigeria. Three focus group discussions were held. The transcribed data was analysed using the framework approach of data analysis.
Healthcare providers perceived poverty, illiteracy, stigma and discrimination, inappropriate care approaches, and parental dynamics as factors influencing ART adherence.
Recommendations for enhancing paediatric ART adherence levels in Nigeria included: mainstreaming adherence counselling in paediatric ART and adopting a comprehensive family centred care approach were identified as measures for improving paediatric ART adherence. Other measures included free ART services, quality improvement in paediatric ART services, parental empowerment and stigma and discrimination reduction programmes.Health Studies
M.A. (Public Health)
37
Yang, Biru Wolverton Marcia Lynn Chan Shirley Kim-Ying Pang Chan Wenyaw Risser Jan Mary Hale. "HIV incidence estimates and HIV/AIDS concurrent diagnosis in Houston/Harris County." 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3350201.
Full text
38
Ovbiebo, Osaigbovo Matthew. "Film : a supplementary aid in teaching adults about HIV/AIDS in Igueben (Nigeria)." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/8743.
Full textAbstract:
This study explored film as a supplementary aid in teaching adults about HIV/AIDS in the Igueben area of Edo State (Nigeria). It drew on the theory and practice of film to enhance the awareness of HIV/AIDS campaign strategies in ways that are not possible with other teaching aids. The findings of the study supported the literature, which indicates that unlike film,reading materials are not accessible to illiterate adults in rural communities.
Two hundred (200) participants were used in the first approach (quantitative), while fifteen (15) illiterate adults were purposively selected from the area to participate in the second approach (qualitative). The research was undertaken within an interpretivist framwork in the sense that it was a communal process informed by participating illiterate adults, and was sensitive to the role of context (Alvermann, D.E., & Mallozzi, C.A. 2010).
The study confirmed the role of film, particularly Nigerian movies, in promoting information and education on HIV/AIDS. The findings highlighted the need for on-going education about HIV/AIDS and its treatment, especially among the rural illiterate. The study, in summary established that the programmes offered by HIV/AIDS organisers (governmental and nongovernmental) would be more effective if film is included in the campaign against the disease.Curriculum and Instructional Studies
D. Ed. (Didactics)
39
More, Penelope Sekgametsi. "The well-being of HIV/AIDS employees." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7658.
Full textAbstract:
M.A.Virtually unheard of two decades ago, AIDS is, at the turn of the century, one of the best known and most talked about disease on the globe. A decade ago, HIV was regarded primarily as a serious health crisis. What had first appeared to be a disease confined to certain well-defined populations such as gay men and haemophiliacs became a disease that threatened everyone, everywhere. AIDS has become a fullblown threat to development and its social and economic consequences are felt widely not only in the workplace but also in the human resource field and the economy in general. The HIV epidemic is the most important challenge facing South Africa since the birth of democracy. The implications of HIV in the workplace are scary. Even though HIV affects all of us, it has become a workplace issue that must be addressed simply because work is one of the most important dimensions in the life of the individual. The workplace can be a scene of prejudice, discrimination, rejection and harassment, for people affected by HIV, and those feelings are fuelled by ignorance and fear of infection. HIV-positive employees suffer high levels of depression, anxiety, fear and a great degree of uncertainty associated with the diagnosis. Instead of rejecting, stigmatising and isolating positive employees, a collective commitment is needed by the workplace to treat positive employees with dignity and respect. Because the workplace is such an important element in the individual's life, it has been demonstrated to be life lengthening and fulfilling for employees to remain in familiar, supportive and productive surroundings even after being diagnosed HIV-positive (Masi, 1993). The researcher examined how HIV affects employee functioning in the work environment. A qualitative research design is followed using a framework based on Straus and Corbin (1990). Purposive, non-probability sampling is used. Data is captured by using an unstructured, open-ended interview schedule. In this study data analysis is completed manually. Literature is reviewed to validate the findings and lastly conclusions and recommendations are presented.
40
Aderemi, Toyin Janet. "HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes and sexual practices among intellectually impaired and mainstream learners in selected schools in Oyo state, Nigeria." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5863.
Full textAbstract:
In the absence of a cure and/or vaccine, the best approach to HIV is to focus on prevention. However, preventative measures that are presently available in Nigeria do not target persons with intellectual disability despite their vulnerability to HIV infection. This study sought to compare the HIV knowledge, attitudes, and sexual practices of mildly/moderately intellectually impaired learners (IIL) and mainstream learners (ML) in Nigeria; to explore the contextual factors informing these, as well as both groups‗ exposure to HIV education. It also tested the relevance of the I-Change Model in predicting sexual abstinence among learners with intellectual disability. Findings can assist in developing tailored HIV prevention education for Nigerian learners with intellectual impairment.
This cross-sectional, comparative study utilised mixed methods to investigate HIV knowledge, attitudes, and sexual practices among mildly/moderately IIL and ML in Nigeria. Mildly/moderately IIL (300) and ML (300) within the age range of 12-19 years in special and regular schools completed a questionnaire based on the I-Change Model. Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were used with learners to explore contextual factors informing their HIV knowledge, risk perception, sexual behaviours and access to HIV education and services. Key informant interviews were used as independent sources of the same information with their teachers.
Learners with intellectual impairment were less aware of HIV/AIDS than their non-disabled peers (p < 0.001), had lower HIV knowledge scores (p < 0.001) and lower HIV risk perception scores (p < 0.001). Sexual experience was reported by 79 (26.3%) of the IIL sample compared to 48 (16.0%) of the ML sample (p = 0.002). Girls with intellectual disability were 3.71 times more likely to report a history of sexual abuse than non-disabled girls (p = 0.041). Inconsistent condom use with casual partners (p < 0.001) and non-use of condoms during the last sexual activity (p < 0.001) was higher in IIL. The I-Change Model was most effective in predicting sexual abstinence among IIL, particularly regarding factors related to motivation and intention.
Intellectually impaired learners were more vulnerable to HIV infection due to neglect, poverty, sexual abuse/exploitation, stigmatisation, pressure from non-disabled peers, denial of HIV
education, and inaccessible HIV-related services. Teachers only provided them with sexuality and HIV education when sexual activity was suspected and/or from age 18. The content of such education comprised mainly warnings, misinformation and corporal punishment to instil fear and desexualise them. Thus, this group of learners was limited in the way they experienced and expressed their sexuality. Unlike with their non-disabled peers, teachers attributed sexual activity among IIL solely to natural urges without emotional involvement. Contrary to teachers‘ opinions, some IIL were involved in symbiotic, loving relationships with their II peers. In addition, those that were not yet in such relationships expressed the desire to find non-discriminatory partners in the future. They explored their sexuality through intimate relationships, sexual intercourse, peeping at the opposite sex, pornography, and masturbation. Condoms were less available to IIL than ML, and they lacked the self-efficacy to use them. They were also less available to II girls than II boys. Female learners with intellectual impairment often had older sexual partners due to sexual abuse/exploitation, unlike their non-disabled peers, who embarked on such relationships for financial/material gains.
The findings of this study indicated that IIL were sexual beings, just like their non-disabled peers, and at higher risk of HIV infection than the latter. Stigma and discrimination are the root causes of all the disadvantages/barriers that IIL experience in accessing HIV information, education and related services. Therefore, there is the need to put stigma reduction strategies in HIV response to safeguard the health of IIL. In addition, there is a need for the development of a gender-sensitive, tailored sexuality and HIV/AIDS educational format for learners with intellectual disability in Nigeria.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2011.
41
Ogunbanwo, Babatunde Fadefoluwa. "A socio-scientific reading in the Yoruba context of selected texts in Luke's gospel portraying Jesus' attitude to outcasts : implications for Anglican Dioceses in Ijebu-Remo, Ogun state, Nigeria in the HIV and AIDS era." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/7969.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis explored the story of the healing of the ten lepers by Jesus in Luke 17:11-19 for its potential to facilitate a conversation between the Jesus context and the Yoruba context, to bring about a new praxis in the attitude of Yoruba Christian to people living with HIV and AIDS. In view of the fact that the context is a major determinant in the interpretations that ecumenical theologians make with the Bible, it calls on the interpreter to re-read the text in the culture of the people. And in a bid for African biblical scholarship to locate itself within the social, political and ecclesiastical context of Africa in the age of globalization and the scourge of HIV and AIDS crisis, a contextual reading of Jesus’ attitude and compassionate response to the wish of the ten lepers as presented in Luke for healing and restoration is not only desirable in this research but an opportunity to reflect on the contribution of contextual exposition of the miracle story to the contemporary attitude of Christians in an HIV and AIDS era.
HIV and AIDS is a disease which not only plunders human bodies but also invades the attitude and behaviour of societies generating a kind of social pathology. Hence the definition of social phenomena is culturally determined and therefore the explanation and the attitudes of health and illness is a function of culture. As a result this has great implications for the attitude and behaviour of people towards sick people especially people living with HIV and AIDS in this era.
Drawing insights from the model of the body as social map by Mary Douglas in which the concern and fight around social boundaries are linked with purity rules and taboo; and the labeling/deviancy theory of Becker, this research reads the Gospel of Luke with a social-scientific lens selected texts in Luke’s Gospel depicting the attitude of Jesus to outcasts (lepers). It also raises the question, whether being a Christian, having the Bible as a resource in the Yoruba context does or can make a difference to the way Yoruba people respond to sick people in an HIV and AIDS era.
The empirical study was carried out in the Yoruba community of Ijebu Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria employed research methods which include the Tripolar exegetical method, an ethnographic study through focus group discussions, non-participatory observation and the contextual Bible study method.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2011.
42
Motseotsile, Baitlhatswi Gaolatlhe. "Reasons for post-conception human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing among pregnant women in Gaborone, Botswana." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12314.
Full textAbstract:
M.Cur. (Midwifery and Neonatal Nursing Care)Free voluntary counselling and testing (VeT) for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) by the international community and many African states is the entry point into HIV and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) prevention, care, treatment and support. It is therefore worrisome that despite the Botswana government' multiple HIV preventative strategies, of the 56% Batswana who tested for HIV in 2008, only 34% know their status (National AIDS Coordinating Agency, Central Statistics Office & Ministry of Health, 2009:4). Among those who were tested, women outnumbered men, but even these women only had their HIV-status tested when they were already pregnant or when one of their children was suspected to have contracted AIDS, an observation that Hamblin and Reid (1991:4) has made years ago. Ethical standards were followed to conduct a study, the purpose of which was to explore and describe the reasons why women in Gaborone only volunteered to go for vcr of HIV when they were already pregnant, instead ofdoing so before they conceived. An exploratory, descriptive, qualitative and contextual design was used. Participants who met the sampling criteria were interviewed and data was audio-taped before transcription and analysis. An independent coder was involved to confirm the themes and sub-themes before relevant literature was searched. Strategies of trustworthiness were adhered to in the study (Lincoln & Guba, 1985:289-331). Findings revealed that the most significant reason for participants not testing for HIV prior to pregnancy was fear of consequences of an HIV-positive result, such as stigma and discrimination against them by their partners, families and communities should they test HIV-positive, Another reason was the socio-cultural beliefs, norms and values expressed in different forms. However, once they fell pregnant, they had themselves tested because their fear of losing their babies to HIV overruled their fear ofbeing ostracised by anybody else. Based on the findings, guidelines were formulated to assist midwives and HIV and AIDS counsellors to facilitate uptake of vcr of HIV prior to pregnancy among childbearing women and men from as young as +-15 years. Conclusions were drawn and recommendations made concerning midwifery practice, education and possible further research on this topic on a larger scale.
43
Nnamdi-Okagbue, Rosemary U. "An investigation into the factors affecting the utilization of mother to child tramission services by human immuno-deficiency virus positive women in Onitsha, Anambra State Nigeria." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4194.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the study is to investigate and identify the factors that affect utilisation of prevention mother to child transmission of HIV services and propose measures to promote utilisation of services by HIV positive pregnant women in Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria. Mother-to-child transmission of HIV accounts for over 90% of infections in children under 15 years. Infected pregnant women can pass on the infection to their babies during pregnancy, delivery or through breastfeeding. There are effective interventions now reduce of the infection to the baby. However some infected women still do not avail themselves of these services due to several reasons.
A quantitative descriptive study, using the Health Belief Model as the conceptual framework was used to conduct the research. A structured interview schedule was used to interview 102 pregnant women at two health facilities in Onitsha, Anambra state, Nigeria.
The findings from the study reveal that majority of the respondents knew about HIV transmission but not about ways the infection can be transmitted from mother-to-child. The respondents recognise that HIV/AIDS is a very serious threat in Nigeria and the study site and were of the opinion that all pregnant women should know their HIV status. The attitude of health care workers and fears about disclosure of HIV status to others was a setback. Revealing their status to the spouse was feared.
44
Dube, Faith Nana. "Acceptability, knowledge and perceptions of pregnant women towards HIV testing in pregnancy at Ilembe district." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2765.
Full textAbstract:
This research study aimed at investigating the acceptability, knowledge and perceptions ofpregnant women towards IDV testing in pregnancy in Ilembe District. An exploratory research design guided the study. A systematic random sampling was used to select fourty pregnant women who were attending clinic for the first time in their current pregnancy. Self-administered questionnaires with close-ended questions were used in the collection ofdata. The questions included the women's demographic details, their views towards IDV testing, knowledge and acceptability ofIDV testing. Forty questionnaires were distributed and they were all returned. Quantitative method was used to analyse data. The fmdings ofthe study revealed that women in the sample were relatively young (18-25) with the percentage of45% and most ofthem were unmarried (90%). The majority ofwomen (92.5%) said testing was a good idea and 85% said it is necessary. However only 52.5% said they will opt for HIV testing. Uptake ofHIV testing was found to be low. Eighty-seven and a half percent (87.5%) women were ofthe opinion that IDV testing in pregnancy was ofbenefit to the mother and her baby. Women in the study were found to have good understanding and good perceptions towards IDV testing in pregnancy, but thus was not consistent with their behaviour. Meaning that in spite of their good understanding and good perceptions towards IDV testing in pregnancy, only a small percentage (52%) of respondents said they will opt for the IDV test. The researcher's expectations were one hundred percent response.Thesis (M.N.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2005.
45
Brits, Stephnie. "An exploratory survey among Momentum Life clients regarding HIV testing with specific reference to the Gauteng area." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6924.
Full textAbstract:
M.Comm.In order to reduce financial losses due to the increasing number of AIDS related deaths, insurance companies have to review their current HIV testing requirements. Due to a lack of relevant information, Momentum Life had to conduct a formal study in order to make a proper marketing decision regarding HIV testing requirements. It was therefore imperative to determine the possible scope of changes as well as the impact of the proposed adjustments on both clients and brokers. The purpose of this study was therefore to: determine how brokers feel about the AIDS risk insurance companies have to face; determine how brokers will react to different precautionary methods taken by insurance companies in general and specifically Momentum Life; obtain feedback from brokers with regard to their perception of clients' attitudes towards HIV testing; determine how clients themselves feel about HIV testing as well as retesting; and determine clients' attitudes towards the whole procedure of HIV testing. The empirical research consisted of two phases. Phase 1 was conducted by means of a focus group discussion with four Momentum Life partners and personal and telephone interviews with eight insurance brokers in the Gauteng area. Phase 2 was conducted by means of telephone interviews with 60 Momentum Life clients. A literature study revealed that attitudes consist primarily of three components, namely the affective, cognitive and behavioural components. In order to change clients' attitudes towards HIV testing, life insurance companies need to focus on the cognitive component which consists of knowledge and perceptions that are acquired by direct experiences and information obtained from different sources. However, not all attitudes are susceptible to change. It is therefore important to determine what amount of effort should be spent on trying to change clients' attitudes and how negative attitudes can be handled. The three groups had different opinions about HIV testing based on their own frame of reference. However, within the group there were consensus on most of the issues addressed during the interviews and discussion. In analysing the focus group discussion with the partners it was clear that they approved of HIV testing and retesting, and they believed it has .no negative effect on the marketing activities of brokers or the attitudes of clients towards Momentum Life. However, they believed that Momentum Life could improve its customer service by making the whole procedure of HIV testing more customer friendly. The brokers, on the other hand, were far more negative about HIV testing and believed that it complicates life insurance unnecessarily. Retesting was regarded as unacceptable and they were not prepared to become involved in the administration of retesting. However, the brokers agreed with the partners that they have a responsibility to make the procedure of HIV testing more convenient for the client. Early in the research it was clear that gender, age, language and the fact whether clients have already undergone HIV testing, had no significant effect on clients' attitudes towards HIV testing. HIV testing was regarded as a part of life insurance. However, customer service and convenience still seemed very important to the clients.
46
Nefale, Matshepo Catherine. "The health belief model and motivations for/against HIV-testing." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4665.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation has made an attempt at exploring the psychological factors that motivates individuals into opting for or against undertaking an HIV-test. The Health Belief Model is used to ascertain its predictive powers towards the motivation for undertaking such a test. Literature on HIV-testing indicates non-exploration of voluntary HIV-testing, as opposed to massive reporting on mandatory HIV-testing. Therefore, the focus of this dissertation is on voluntary HIV-testing. The sample used for the study. comprised of antenatal mothers who were offered HIV/Aids education and then presented with an option of either undertaking the HIV-test, or not.
The results of the study indicate that the Health Belief Model has failed in its predictive powers towards motivations for or against HIV-testing. However, the study provided valuable psychological factors that are associated with the decision to undertake the HIV-test, which will be important for future research on HIV/Aids and on the control in the spread of the disease.Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1999.
47
Shapiro, Michelle. "HIV testing for insurance purposes : a multi-faceted exploration of the clients' experience and aspects of current practice." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3037.
Full textAbstract:
HIV testing is required for life assurance applications. A written information document distributed at blood collection (venisection) serves as pre-test preparation. This study reviewed the adequacy of the document and explored possible alternative arrangements, by means of three research phases conducted at the point of venisection. Phase 1 used a specifically designed questionnaire which included a demographic section and questions assessing the applicant's appraisal of being adequately prepared, and their understanding and experience of testing. Constructed measures established their state of anxiety at testing and their range of information about HIV/AIDS. Phase 2 consisted of a counselling intervention, followed by the questionnaire used in Phase 1. Phase 3 consisted of semi-structured interviews with nursing personnel and insurance brokers. The phase 1 results indicated that the majority of applicants knew they were having an HIV test, did not feel coerced, had a moderate level of information about HIV and were not overly anxious at testing. The level of information about HIV/AIDS showed a significant correlation with their level of education, and the information document emerged as inadequate preparation. Answers given in Phase 2 differed qualitatively from those in Phase 1. Greater consideration of the impact of a positive result was shown, with increased concern about the implications for other people and anticipated acceptance of a positive result emerged in Phase 2. The personnel interviewed for Phase 3 indicated that they felt ill equipped to offer pre-test preparation.Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2001.
48
Still, Linda Joy. "HIV exceptionalism and the South African HIV and AIDS epidemic: perspectives of health care workers in Pietermaritzburg." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1375.
Full textAbstract:
The limited success of HIV-testing facilities in South Africa means that many
people are not accessing necessary antiretroviral treatment services. This
study investigates the practical implications of HIV exceptionalism inherent in
Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT). A semi-structured interview
schedule was used to survey participants for their perspectives on barriers to
HIV-testing uptake as well as the effects of exceptionalist practices at VCT
clinics. Responses showed marked perceptions of gender differences in
people's willingness to test and several important barriers including problems
of access to services. Significantly, exceptionalism displayed in certain clinic
procedures was thought to contribute to stigma, and attempts to normalise
HIV practice in order to combat the effects of stigma were being informally
implemented. Participants' views on routine opt-out testing were explored.
The researcher recommended further investigation on how HIV testing and
treatment policies can be normalised so as to reduce stigma and increase
testing uptake.Social Work
M.A. Sociology (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV/AIDS)
49
Buthelezi, Martha Agrineth. "An investigation of the factors that impact on the utilisation of voluntary HIV counselling and testing services at a wellness centre in a higher education institution." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1050.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted in fulfillment of requirements for the Degree of Masters in Technology: Nursing, Durban University of Technology. 2013This study investigated the factors that impact on the utilisation of voluntary HIV counselling and testing (VCT) service at a wellness centre in a higher education institution. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify factors that impact on the utilisation of VCT service in a higher education institution. Methodology: A quantitative descriptive survey research design was used to describe the phenomenon and to establish relationships between variables. Participants were selected randomly in order to obtain a broad representative sample in three strata. A formal structured close-ended questionnaire was used to collect data. The questionnaire was designed to focus on variables such as demographic data, environmental factors, enabling factors, predisposing and behavioural factors. Findings: No significant relationship was identified between knowledge of HIV, AIDS and VCT and high school attended in rural, township and urban areas. There was no significant relationship between environmental factors and utilisation of VCT. There was no association between predisposing factors such as risk of VCT and perceived benefits of VCT utilisation. There was no relationship between knowledge and consistency of condom use and utilisation of VCT. The majority of respondents stated that the VCT service was not user friendly and the attitude of the staff toward students was poor. There was no significant relationship between accessibility of VCT service and utilisation of VCT. There was a lack of utilisation of campus VCT services and the majority of respondents utilised other services. Conclusion: The study showed that respondents who knew about availability of VCT were likely to have used the facility. Respondents who showed positive
50
Malindi, Fhulufhedzani Constance. "Strategy to Enhance Sustainable Family - Centered Prevention of Mother- to - Child Transmission (PMTCT) Interventions in Limpopo Province, South Africa." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1170.
Full textAbstract:
PhD (Health Sciences)Department of Advanced Nursing Science
Background: Family-centred approaches to Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) interventions present an important direction for sustainability and prevention of pediatric infections while improving overall family health. Despite numerous opportunities to sustain and expand the existing PMTCT interventions, Mother-to-Child Transmission (MTCT) still occurs. This is evidenced by the number of under-five children who are admitted in hospital being infected by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) between the ages of 6 weeks to 18 months, whereas the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) results was non-reactive at six weeks. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a strategy to enhance family-centered interventions for PMTCT sustainability in the selected districts of Limpopo Province, South Africa. Phase 1: The study was conducted in phases. In Phase 1, which was empirical, the following objectives: to explore the risks that contribute to MTCT between the ages of 6 weeks and 18 months; to explore the perceptions of family members regarding family support in PMTCT interventions; and to explore the factors that affect the provision of family support in PMTCT interventions. Phase 2: was development of the strategy and validation of the strategy. Methods: The exploratory sequential mixed method was used to conduct the study, where qualitative data were collected and analyzed first; followed by collecting, analyzing and interpreting the quantitative data. The population comprised the following groups: mothers of babies between 6 weeks and 18 months who are living with HIV/AIDS, family members were represented by male partners, grandmothers or mother’s in_-law and health care professionals working at the PHC Heath Centers v or clinics rendering PMTCT services. In the qualitative design, participants were selected by non-probability purposive sampling and data were collected through one-to-one interview and focus group discussions. Data were analyzed utilizing the open-coding method. In the quantitative design, participants were selected by using simple random sampling and data were collected by means of self-administered survey questionnaires with structured close-and open-ended questions. The population were midwives from Capricorn, Mopani and Vhembe districts PHC clinic. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), Version 22 and descriptive statistics. In Phase 2, findings from the data were used to develop an intervention strategy. The strategy was developed through the use of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis. The developed strategy was validated by using a quantitative design.
NRF