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1
Rana, G. "Knowledge of HIV/AIDS among adolescence at intellectual academy in Kumarigal-7, Tushal, Kathmandu, Nepal." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 4, no. 4 (January 28, 2015): 39–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v4i4.11971.
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Introduction: Young people in Nepal are vulnerable to HIV/AIDS because of their poor knowledge of sexual health, unsafe sex practices, and limited use of condom. Adolescence should be targeted for prevention programs because it is possible to modify adolescents’ behavior as they may not have developed unsafe practices or if developed, these behaviors are not deeply rooted. The objective of this study was to identify knowledge of HIV/AIDS among adolescence. Methods: A descriptive design was used. A total of 50 adolescence were selected by using simple random sampling technique (lottery method) from Intellectual Academy, Kumarigal-7, Tushal, Kathmandu. Self administered structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from January 10, 2006 (2062-9-29) to April 8, 2006 (2062-12-26). Results: Only 66% of adolescence had knowledge that HIV/AIDS is communicable disease. Regarding transmission of HIV/AIDS, 90% adolescence answered transmit through unprotected sexual contact, 84% through contaminated blood products, 90% through infected mother to child transmission, 52% through use of shared razors and 94% through use of contaminated needles and syringes. Regarding preventive measures, All the participants had knowledge of using condom, screening of blood before transfusion, and avoid sharing of needles and syringes as preventive measures while 92% as one faithful sex partner and 52% as avoid use of shared razors. Conclusion: Most of adolescence had knowledge regarding mode of transmission of HIV/AIDS through unprotected sexual contact; infected mother to child transmission and use of contaminated needles and syringes. Likewise, on the context of signs of AIDS and preventive measures on HIV transmission, adolescence had knowledge.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v4i4.11971
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Schwarcz, Sandra K., and George W. Rutherford. "Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome in Infants, Children, and Adolescents." Journal of Drug Issues 19, no. 1 (January 1989): 75–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204268901900106.
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The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first described as a disease of homosexual men. The first cases of AIDS in children were reported in 1982 and involved a transfusion recipient and four infants born to women at increased risk for AIDS. Infants may acquire their infection perinatally or possibly postnatally through infected breast milk. Parenterally acquired infection, through transfusion of blood or blood products, occurs in infants, children, and adolescents. Adolescents are also at risk for infection through sexual transmission and through shared needles among intravenous drug users. By January 1987, 1.4% of the AIDS cases were in children less than 13 years old, and 0.4% were in adolescents 13 to 19 years old. Additionally, 4.4% of the total AIDS cases were reported in 20 to 24 year olds, which most likely reflects infection which occured during adolescence. In children less than 13 years old, infection occurred primarily thorugh perinatal transmission from mothers who were intravenous drug users or sexual partners of intravenous drug users. Adolescent cases of AIDS have followed adult patterns of transmission with most cases resulting from sexual transmission. As the prevalence of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus increases, increases in drug-use-associated transmission in women followed by perinatal transmission to infants and sexual transmission in adolescents seems likely to occur. To prevent further spread, health agencies must develop and target extensive AIDS prevention campaigns at adolescents, young adults, and sexually active women.
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Limeira da Silva, Doralice, and Maria Edileuza Soares Moura. "AIDS - Knowledge developed by teenagers in disease prevention / AIDS - Conhecimento elaborado por adolescentes na prevenção da doença." Revista de Enfermagem da UFPI 2, no. 3 (September 9, 2013): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26694/reufpi.v2i3.1109.
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Desde sua identificação, há cerca de 30 anos, aos dias atuais, a epidemia do HIV/AIDS apresentou importantes alterações no seu perfil epidemiológico, com número crescente de casos entre adolescentes. Objetivos: este estudo visa a analisar o conhecimento elaborado por adolescentes sobre AIDS e relacionar esse conhecimento na vivência de sua sexualidade. Metodologia: utilizou-se a abordagem quantitativa com características descritivas, na qual foram aplicados questionários com questões de múltipla escolha a 361 estudantes do ensino médio, com idade entre 14 e 18 anos, estudantes de duas escolas públicas do município de Caxias-MA, onde foram obedecidos os preceitos éticos da pesquisa envolvendo seres humanos. Resultados: verificou-se que os sujeitos da pesquisa têm conhecimento sobre HIV/AIDS, compatíveis com seu grau de escolaridade e que a divulgação em massa contribuiu para a disseminação da noção de importância do uso do preservativo. Conclusão: observou-se, no entanto, que há uma disparidade entre o conhecimento declarado pelos adolescentes participantes da pesquisa e suas práticas. Descritores: Saúde do Adolescente; Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida; Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana; Saúde Pública.
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Cyril, Jose P., Baburaj Stephenson, Joy John, Anju Mirin Alex, Sony S. Paul, Merin Mariam Sam, Teena ., and Simi Mohan. "A comparative study to assess the knowledge and beliefs regarding AIDS among higher secondary students in rural schools of South Kerala and South Tamil Nadu." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 8, no. 9 (August 23, 2021): 1466. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20213223.
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Background: HIV continues to be a major global public health issue, having claimed 36.3 million lives so far. India has the third largest HIV epidemic in the world, with 2.1 million people living with HIV. Epidemiological data on AIDS suggests that in many cases, HIV infection was acquired during adolescence and lack of knowledge is one of the most important reasons. Hence, an ardent need was felt to assess the knowledge and beliefs of adolescents regarding AIDS. The main objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and beliefs regarding AIDS among higher secondary students of rural schools in South Kerala and in South Tamil Nadu. Methods: After getting ethical committee clearance, the study was conducted among higher secondary students of twelfth standard using a predesigned and validated self-administered questionnaire. An educational intervention regarding AIDS lasting for 30 min was given after the test. Data analysis was done using appropriate software.Results: The mean knowledge scores of students from Kerala (11.57) and Tamil Nadu (11.51) were almost same. Television, newspaper and teachers were the main source of information about AIDS. Beliefs like Whiteman’s disease can spread through mosquito bite, sharing vessels and giving shake hands/touching were highly prevalent in the study subjects.Conclusions: Proper emphasis should be given to teachers on mentoring adolescents and imparting them with the needed knowledge on HIV/AIDS to enable them to overcome this period of stress and storm.
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Lima, Ana Amélia Antunes, and Eva Néri Rubim Pedro. "Growing up with HIV/AIDS: a study on adolescents with HIV/AIDS and their family caregivers." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 16, no. 3 (June 2008): 348–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692008000300003.
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This is an exploratory study with a qualitative approach, which looks at the adolescent process with HIV/AIDS. The purpose is to identify how the adolescent process occurs, from the perspective of these teenagers and their family caregivers. The investigation was performed in Porto Alegre, RS between May and July 2005, and the subjects were four adolescents and three caregivers. Data were collected by means of interviews, which were subject to the content analysis technique. The study revealed that both teenagers and family caregivers did not show concern with the changes typical of the period, especially regarding sexuality questions. Yet, the underlying diagnosis and coping with HIV remain in the family core in order to protect these agents against the stigma of the disease.
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Sunuwar, Urmila. "Knowledge and Attitude towards Sexually Transmitted Disease and HIV/AIDS among Secondary Level School Students." KMC Research Journal 3, no. 3 (June 13, 2019): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kmcrj.v3i3.35723.
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Adolescent sexuality leads to adolescent pregnancy, unsafe abortion, reproductive tract infections, sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS.The study objective is to assess the knowledge and attitude towards sexually transmitted disease and HIV/AIDs among secondary level school students of Kathmandu metropolitan city. Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted by using self-administered questionnaires. The study population was school adolescent students. They were selected by using random sampling method. After data collection, descriptive statistics were used to analyse the collected data. Knowledge and attitude towards sexual transmitted disease is significantly varied with student’s background characteristics. Around 95% of study population had heard about sexually transmitted disease and almost 99% heard about HIV/AIDS. Majority 85.6% of students reported that they “agreed” that HIV/AIDS is a major problem in Nepal however 14.4% students were not agreed on it. 73% respondents reported that teachers are the main source of knowledge regarding sexual transmitted disease and HIV/AIDS.It is clear that students need a specific package of education about sexual and reproductive health in school curriculum so that they could gain more information about sexually transmitted disease and HIV/AIDS.
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Meda, Lawrence, and Alfred H. Makura. "ADOLESCENT GIRLS’ PERCEPTIONS ABOUT HIV AND AIDS RELATED RISKY BEHAVIOURS: ARE WE CLOSER TO COMBATING THE PANDEMIC AMONG SOUTH AFRICA’S YOUTHS?" Commonwealth Youth and Development 14, no. 2 (March 28, 2017): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1727-7140/1817.
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South Africa has reportedly the largest number of people living with HIV and AIDS in the world. Although adolescents as a group comprises the greatest portion of infected people, their behaviours and perceptions about the disease leave a lot to be desired. The purpose of this article is to explore some South African adolescent girls’ risky behaviours and perceptions about HIV and AIDS. A qualitative case study approach, using a school in Soweto, Johannesburg, was adopted. The paradigmatic position was interpretive. Twelve adolescent girls aged between 15 and 19 were purposively selected to participate in semi-structured interviews. Data were qualitatively processed to discern themes. Results showed that adolescent girls have comprehensive knowledge about HIV and AIDS, but they indulge in risky sexual behaviours because of ignorance, peer influence and a need to access government child support grants. The study concludes that unless there is a sharp turn-around in the youthful adolescent girls’ perspectives on HIV and AIDS, the country’s efforts to attain a Sustainable Development Goal of combatting HIV and AIDS, will remain elusive.
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Pegu, Bhabani, and Bhanu Pratap Singh Gaur. "HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitude among adolescents of Kamrup Metro district, Assam." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 11 (October 25, 2018): 4835. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20184580.
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Background: AIDS is a pandemic disease which is threatening the world population. Its prevention largely depends on health education and behavioural changes based on AIDS awareness, particularly among young adults who are prone to risky behaviour. The objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge and attitude about HIV/AIDS among adolescents of Kamrup Metro district, Assam and to study the relevant socio-demographic factors.Methods: A cross sectional, community based study was conducted for a period of three months. A total of 300 study participants from slum & non slum areas of Kamrup Metro district, Assam were included using two stage random sampling. Interview of adolescents in 15-19 years age group was taken using predesigned and pretested schedule.Results: It was found that 95.7% of respondents had heard about AIDS. Virus as a causative agent was known to 51.6% while only 59.6% of the study subjects knew regarding asymptomatic nature of the disease. Transmission by infected syringes and needles, from infected mother to her baby & by unscreened blood transfusion was known to 69%, 74.2% and 81.8% of respondents respectively. Some misconceptions about the disease were also present. Knowledge regarding availability of treatment and prevention was found among 54.4% and 86.4% of respondents respectively. 66.5% of respondents felt that a person with HIV/AIDS must be isolated. 44% of study subjects believed that HIV/AIDS is curable.Conclusions: Though majority of respondents were aware about AIDS but complete knowledge about this disease is still lacking. There is a need for intensified activities regarding information, education and communication for these vulnerable groups.
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Pinto, Agnes Caroline, and Patrícia Neyva Da Costa Pinheiro. "Risk behaviors for sexual transmitted disease in male adolescents." Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 4, no. 4 (October 9, 2010): 1581. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/reuol.764-9533-1-le.0404201001.
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ABSTRACTObjective: to describe the risk behaviors and vulnerability adopted by adolescents regarding STD/AIDS. Methodolgy: this is an ethnographic study, carried out at a public school of Fortaleza-CE, Brazil. The population was composed of twenty male adolescents, from 12 to 18 years and that study in the fundamental and secondary education. The data collection happened through a semi-structured interview and simple observation. The content analysis followed Bardin's orientation. The survey was adopted by the Ethics in Research of the UFC, under protocol number 119/07 and after the informed consent of parents. Results: the data showed that among the risk conducts mentioned by the adolescents, the main one is sexual intercourse without preservative, and that there is fear and regret after the unprotected intercourse, and that the partner's age do influence in a negative way for protection. Conclusion: we considered necessary an approach on safe sex among teenagers, demanding the production of creative strategies that make sense in several socio-cultural contexts in which the adolescents are inserted. Descriptors: adolescent; sexual behavior; sexually transmitted diseases.RESUMOObjetivo: descrever os comportamentos de risco e vulnerabilidade adotados pelos adolescentes frente às DST/AIDS. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo etnográfico, realizado numa escola da rede pública e estadual de Fortaleza-CE. A população foi composta de vinte adolescentes do sexo masculino, de 12 a 18 anos e que cursam o ensino fundamental e médio. A coleta de dados foi feita por meio de uma entrevista semi-estruturada e observação simples. A análise do conteúdo seguiu a orientação de Bardin. A pesquisa foi realizada com aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da UFC, sob número de protocolo 119/07 e após o consentimento livre e esclarecido dos pais. Resultados: os dados evidenciam que entre as condutas de risco citadas pelos adolescentes, a principal é a relação sexual sem preservativo, e que o medo e o arrependimento existem após a relação desprotegida, e que a idade do parceiro pode sim influenciar de forma negativa para a proteção. Conclusão: consideramos ser necessária a abordagem do sexo seguro entre jovens, exigindo a produção de estratégias criativas que façam sentido nos diversos contextos sócio-culturais nos quais os adolescentes estejam inseridos. Descritores: adolescente; comportamento sexual; doenças sexualmente transmissíveis.RESUMENObjetivo: describir los comportamientos de riesgo y la vulnerabilidad adoptados por los adolescentes delante de las ETS/SIDA. Metodologia: se trata de una investigación etnográfica, llevada a cabo en una escuela de la red pública y estadual de Fortaleza-CE-Brasil. La población fue compuesta por viente adolescentes del sexo masculino, de 12 a 18 años de la enseñanza básica y media. La colecta de datos fue a través de una entrevista semiestructurada y de la observación simple. El análisis del contenido seguió la orientación de Bardin. La encuesta fue adoptado por la Ética em la Investigación UFC com el número de protocolo 119/07 y después de que el consentimiento informado de los padres. Resultados: los datos señalaron que entre las conductas de riesgo dichas por los adolescentes, la principal fue la relación sexual sin protección, donde el medo y el arrepentimiento surgen después de esta relación, siendo la edad del compañero un influjo negativo en la protección. Conclusión: así, es necesario el abordaje del sexo seguro entre los jóvenes, lo que exige la producción de estrategias creativas que hagan sentido en los diversos contextos socioculturales en que los adolescentes estean encuadrados. Descriptores: adolescente; conducta sexual; enfermedades de transmisión sexual.
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Priastana, I. Ketut Andika, and Hendra Sugiarto. "Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan tentang HIV/AIDS dengan Sikap Pencegahan HIV/AIDS pada Remaja." Indonesian Journal of Health Research 1, no. 1 (August 28, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.32805/ijhr.2018.1.1.3.
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Introduction. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the human immune system and Acquired immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a collection of symptoms of disease caused by HIV. UNICEF stated that the number of deaths among adolescents due to HIV/AIDS has increased. In Indonesia, cases of HIV/AIDS have begun to attack adolescents, one of the causes of which is a lack of knowledge about HIV/AIDS. This study aims to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS with the prevention attitude against HIV/AIDS in adolescents in Jembrana, Bali, Indonesia. Methods. The research design used was cross sectional, random sampling technique with a sample of 82 people. The statistical analysis used was Chi square test with a significance level of 5%. Results. The results showed that the majority of respondents in the category of sufficient knowledge, namely as many as 53.7% and most had an agreeing attitude towards the prevention of HIV/AIDS as many as 65.9%. The results of the analysis of the Chi square test showed that the relationship between the level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS and the attitude of prevention of HIV/AIDS in adolescents showed p value = 0.001 (p value <0.05). Conclusion. This study found that there was a correlation between the level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS and the attitude of preventing HIV/AIDS in adolescents. Teenagers can improve their knowledge more optimally so that they are more vigilant and supportive of HIV/AIDS prevention.
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Herawati, Yenti, and Ritanti. "The Relationship of the Role of Parents and Information Media with HIV/AIDS Prevention Behavior in Adolescents at SMAN 75 Jakarta." Nursing and Health Sciences Journal (NHSJ) 1, no. 1 (July 9, 2021): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.53713/nhs.v1i1.18.
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HIV is a virus that attacks the human immune system and if the condition gets worse and results in various complications, the disease will cause AIDS or Aquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. Adolescent behavior at this time tends to be at risk with promiscuity everywhere so as to increase the incidence of HIV/AIDS for adolescents. The purpose of the research actually for determine the relationship between the role of parents and information media with HIV/AIDS prevention behavior for adolescents at SMAN 75 Jakarta. The type of research is quantitative with cross sectional research design and analyzed by Chi-Square Test. This research conducted in March to June 2020 at SMAN 75 Jakarta involving as of 154 respondents, and the sampling using a random sampling technique. The statistical test results using Chi-Square stated that a significant relationship between the role of parents and information media. (p = 0.007). On the information media with HIV / Aids prevention behavior showed a significant relationship (p = 0,000). It is recommended to students, schools and parents to work together in efforts for prevention of HIV/AIDS.
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Gurram, Sudharani, and Baburao Bollampalli. "A study on awareness of human immunodeficiency virus among adolescent girls in urban and rural field practice areas of Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 2 (January 28, 2020): 706. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20200453.
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Background: Adolescents in India represent over 1/5th (22.3%) of total population. Though they constitute the healthiest section of population they are considered as vulnerable group. India having a large population with low literacy levels leading to a low level of awareness of HIV/AIDS, the disease is posing an alarming threat on the public health scenario. Globally, almost of a quarter of people living HIV are under the age of 25 years. In India, 35% of all reported AIDS cases are among the age group of 15-24 years, indicating the vulnerability of the younger population to the epidemic. This study aimed to assess knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS and to explore epidemiological determinants of awareness among them. Objectives of the study was to study the awareness of HIV/AIDS among adolescents of urban and rural field practice areas of OMC Hyderabad 2) to study the factors associated with knowledge and awareness among adolescents of urban and rural field practice areas of OMC, Hyderabad.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study is conducted in adolescents aged 10-19 years. A total of 760 adolescent girls (380 in each area) were interviewed and examined.Results: The study revealed that only 37.4 per cent of the sample subjects had known the expanded form of the abbreviation HIV/AIDS. Very few of the respondents (12.6%) knew that HIV/AIDS is preventable. 39% of them had the no knowledge with regard to the mode of transmission.Conclusions: This study strengthens the need of properly formulated awareness campaigns and programmes on HIV/AIDS.
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Siregar, Putra Apriadi. "Analisis AIDS Stigmation of Adolescents In Medan City." Saintika Medika 17, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/sm.vol17.smumm1.15213.
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AIDS is a disease that is still high in all parts of the world, including Indonesia. Gender is a factor in the occurrence of stigmatization in adolescents. This study aimed to determine the stigma factor for HIV/ AIDS among adolescents in Medan City. This research is a quantitative descriptive study using a cross-sectional study design with a quantitative approach. This research was conducted in Medan City conducted from August to December 2020. The data source in this study was primary data obtained from interviews. Collecting data by direct interviews using a structured questionnaire. Analysis of the data in this study using descriptive analysis and crosstab using the SPSS version 22 program. The results showed that as much54 girls do not want to swim in the same swimming pool as HIV/ AIDS, 55 girls do not want to eat/drink a plate with HIV/ AIDS, 46 girls do not want to use the toilet with HIV/ AIDS, 36 girls do not want to touch their skin with HIV/ AIDS. HIV/ AIDS, 52 teenagers do not want to sleep together with HIV/ AIDS, and 57 young women do not want to wear the same clothes as HIV/ AIDS. It was concluded that female adolescents are more likely to stigma on people living with HIV/ AIDS than male adolescents. It is necessary to carry out socialization and health education to adolescents to eliminate the stigmatization of HIV/ AIDS.
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Bharati, M., and L. Bharati. "A study on knowledge of HIV/AIDS among adolescents of higher secondary school in Jajarkot district of Nepal." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 4, no. 3 (January 20, 2015): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v4i3.11940.
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HIV/AIDS has killed more than 25 million people since it was first recognized in 1981, making it one of the most destructive epidemics in recorded history. It is an increasing public health problem of the people in the world. A descriptive study was carried out in 2013 at Jajarkot district of Nepal, to assess the knowledge of HIV/AIDS among adolescents of higher secondary school. Facilitator based self administered questionnaire was distributed among 150 students who were selected through simple random technique lottery method. The study showed that majority of the respondents had knowledge about HIV/AIDS and more than two third (77.3%) had knowledge about the causative agent of the disease. Regarding the transmission of disease, majority (94.7%) had responded through needle sharing and 93.3% respondents responded through contamination of blood. Highest percent of respondent (51%) had knowledge in symptoms i.e. weight loss. Majority had knowledge that condom use during sexual intercourse can prevent HIV/AIDS. Despite having adequate knowledge still there exists various misconceptions regarding HIV/AIDS among the adolescents. The knowledge among the respondents was quite satisfactory for most of the aspects like modes of transmission, sexual and behavioral practices and common symptoms and preventive measures of the disease. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v4i3.11940Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2014; 4(3):43-45
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Hutahaean, Bona S. H. "Gambaran Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Praktik Perilaku Mahasiswa terhadap HIV/AIDS dan ODHA (Orang dengan HIV/AIDS)." Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi MIND SET 8, no. 02 (May 27, 2019): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.35814/mindset.v8i02.324.
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Undergraduate students in adolescence and young adulthood period are sexually productive. It is crucial to discover their knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) towards HIV/AIDS since the highest HIV infection in Indonesia until 2016 is between those ages. The survey was conducted in Indonesia between November-December 2015. Data was collected using online structured KAP questionnaire to 350 undergraduate students (aged 18-23 years old) in Universitas Indonesia and analyzed with descriptive statistic. The KAP questionnaire used was adapted from Mulu, Abera, and Yinner (2014). Results shown that most participants answered correctly in knowledge items, but most of them still didn't know that HIV and AIDS are two different things, and they think that HIV can be infected through sharing foods, exchanging clothes and toilets with PLWH (People Living with HIV). Most participants have a positive attitude towards HIV/AIDS, but they have a negative attitude regarding on using condom while having sex as an affront to the couple, and disagreeing to live together with PLWH. Regarding on the practice, as much as 76 participants who have had sex ever had a risky sexual behavior but never had VCT (Voluntary Counseling & Testing), while the rest of participants who never had sex mostly have seen a condom but didn't feel comfortable to hold it. Knowledge towards HIV/AIDS was quite sufficient, the attitude was fair enough, but the practice for the participants who have had sex needed attention more. The results also might indicate stigma towards HIV/AIDS in Indonesia still exists because HIV is considered as an easily infected disease.
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Ronoh, Marilyn, Faraimunashe Chirove, Josephine Wairimu, and Wandera Ogana. "Evidence-based modeling of combination control on Kenyan youth HIV/AIDS dynamics." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 17, 2020): e0242491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242491.
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We formulate a sex-structured deterministic model to study the effects of varying HIV testing rates, condom use rates and ART adherence rates among Adolescent Girls and Young Women (AGYW) and, Adolescent Boys and Young Men (ABYM) populations in Kenya. Attitudes influencing the Kenyan youth HIV/AIDS control measures both positively and negatively were considered. Using the 2012 Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey (KAIS) microdata we constructed our model, which we fitted to the UNAIDS-Kenya youth prevalence estimates to understand factors influencing Kenyan youth HIV/AIDS prevalence trends. While highly efficacious combination control approach significantly reduces HIV/AIDS prevalence rates among the youth, the disease remains endemic provided infected unaware sexual interactions persist. Disproportional gender-wise attitudes towards HIV/AIDS control measures play a key role in reducing the Kenyan youth HIV/AIDS prevalence trends. The female youth HIV/AIDS prevalence trend seems to be directly linked to increased male infectivity with decreased female infectivity while the male youth prevalence trend seems to be directly associated with increased female infectivity and reduced male infectivity.
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Wati, Dyah Kanya, Bagus Ngurah Putu Arhana, Dewi Kumara Wati, and Tuti Parwati Merati. "AIDS in a three-year old girl." Paediatrica Indonesiana 46, no. 6 (October 18, 2016): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi46.6.2006.281-4.
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The acquired immunodeficiency syndromein children was first recognized in 1982, oneyear after the initial description in adults.WHO estimates that 2 million children hadbeen infected with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) by the year 2000. Pediatric AIDS threatenschild survival in developing countries. At the endof 1999, 34.3 million individuals were estimated tobe infected globally, of which 1.3 million (3.8%)were children below 15 years old. Until September2005, no children with HIV AIDS in Indonesia wasfound.Approximately 80% of children acquired HIV-1infection from vertical maternal transmission; the restare infected from contaminated blood products,infected organs, breastfeeding, or sexual abuse.Two general patterns of congenital infection arerecognized. Twenty percent of infected infants developearly disease, while the rest progress slowly, developinginto AIDS in adolescents. The most successfulapproach in the management of children with HIVrequires a multidisciplinary team approach.
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MUKANDAVIRE, Z., and W. GARIRA. "HIV/AIDS MODEL FOR ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF PROPHYLACTIC STERILIZING VACCINES, CONDOMS AND TREATMENT WITH AMELIORATION." Journal of Biological Systems 14, no. 03 (September 2006): 323–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339006001878.
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HIV/AIDS vaccination model for heterosexual transmission with explicit incubation period is presented as a system of delay differential equations. The model considers prophylactic vaccination of sexually immature (pre- and early-adolescents) and mature susceptibles in a community. We start by formulating and analyzing an HIV/AIDS vaccination model that we extend to incorporate condom use based on efficacy and compliance. Further, we extend HIV/AIDS vaccination model with condom use by incorporating treatment which allows AIDS patients to undergo amelioration. The thresholds and equilibria for the models are determined, and stabilities analyzed. The basic reproductive numbers for the models are computed and compared to assess the possible community benefits of using prophylactic vaccines, condoms and treatment with amelioration of AIDS patients. We conclude from the study that vaccination and condom use can reduce the basic reproductive number [Formula: see text] to values below unity but treatment with amelioration intended to lengthen the lives of AIDS patients may result in more numbers of HIV infections and fail to reduce [Formula: see text] to values less than unity as intended for disease control.
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RONOH, MARILYN, FARAIMUNASHE CHIROVE, JOSEPHINE WAIRIMU, and WANDERA OGANA. "MODELING DISPROPORTIONAL EFFECTS OF EDUCATING INFECTED KENYAN YOUTH ON HIV/AIDS." Journal of Biological Systems 28, no. 02 (May 4, 2020): 311–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339020400045.
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We formulate an age and sex-structured deterministic model to assess the effect of increasing comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS disease in the infected Adolescent Girls and Young Women (AGYW) and, Adolescent Boys and Young Men (ABYM) populations in Kenya. Mathematical analysis of infection through sub-network analysis was carried out to trace various infection routes and the veracity of various transmission routes as well as the associated probabilities. Using HIV data in Kenya on our model, disproportional effects were observed when dispensation of comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS was preferred in one population over the other. Effective dispensation of comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS in both the infected AGYW and ABYM populations significantly slows down the infection spread but may not eradicate it.
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Nasreen, A., M. Begum, K. S. Anwar, and A. Mazid. "Awareness About HIV/AIDS Among The Adolescent Factory Workers." Journal of Medical Science & Research 24, Number 1 (January 1, 2015): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.47648/jmsr.2015.v2401.07.
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This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 384 adolescent garment workers with a view to assess their behavior, knowledge & responses about the deadly disease AIDS. Among the respondents more than half (66%) were from age group 15 to 19 years, among 384 workers females represented 68%, male were 32°% Most of the respondents (95%) were Muslim. The educational levels of the respondents were quite good, about 42% were educated up to secondary level. Monthly family income of 38% respondents' was 5001-10000 Tk. It was found that out of 348 employees 80% mentioned that they have good relation with their family members. This is a positive sign which might prevent them to do risky behaviors. This was supported by their perception about per-marital sex as 72% of the respondents said that they did not accept this (pre-marital sex).11 was found that during leisure period they stay in their house & remain involved in the activities like chat with friends & neighbors (77%), do personal or household works (54%), watch TV (38%) or go to sleep (13%). Even during their unhappy mode, they were likely to spend the maximum time in their houses. According to the research findings, 81% respondents were familiar with the term AIDS, 72% identifies it as a disease. This is important to notice that 61% identified AIDS as a normal disease which has to be considered in the planning of future programs. A good number of respondents (242) were able to mention the reason behind the spreading of this deadly disease, it should also be taken into consideration that there are even many (142) who still do not know the cause of the disease.
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Pinheiro, Patrícia Neyva da Costa, Bernard Carl Kendall, Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo Kerr, Keith Michael Pickett, Izaildo Tavares Luna, Maria Isabelly Fernandes da Costa, and Luisa Fânia da Costa Luz. "The south american context of diagnostic disclosure of adolescents infected by HIV/AIDS: a systematic literature review." Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 66, no. 8 (August 2020): 1139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.66.8.1139.
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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To analyze the scientific evidence on the disclosure of the diagnostic of adolescents infected by HIV/AIDS in the South American context. DATABASE Systematic literature review using the PubMed, Cinahal, Embase, Cochrane, BVS, and Global Health databases and the descriptors: adolescent and HIV and family and Argentina or Bolivia or Brasil or Chile or Colombia or Ecuador or French Guiana or Paraguay or Peru or Uruguay or Venezuela. DATA SYNTHESIS Brasil was the country highlighted. It was verified that parents have a direct and indirect influence over the adolescents’ life, especially regarding behaviors and health care. Dialog among family members can reduce adolescents’ vulnerability to HIV and encourage diagnostic disclosure. CONCLUSION It is necessary to amplify research involving adolescents with HIV/AIDS and their parents/caregivers and family members to improve care and reduce the cases of the disease. It is suggested that policies of prevention and treatment should involve families, caregivers, partners, and the community.
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Richard, Azagoh-Kouadio, Yeboua Kossonou Roland, Yao Kouassi Christian, Kouassi-Kouadio Amenan Cécile, Aholi Jean Michel, Cissé Lacina, and Asse Kouadio Vincent. "Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of HIV-Positive Adolescents Related to HIV/AIDS Prevention in Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire)." International Journal of Pediatrics 2020 (December 27, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8176501.
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Introduction. In sub-Saharan Africa, many adolescents living with HIV adopt behaviors and practices at risk of transmitting this infection. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of HIV-positive adolescents regarding the transmission of HIV for the prevention of this disease. Methods. Knowledge Attitude Practical Survey (KAP) conducted from June 20 to August 22, 2018 in pediatrics at the University Hospital of Treichville. It included consenting HIV-positive adolescents followed up in the voluntary testing counseling unit. The variables studied related to sociodemographic aspects, knowledge, attitude, and practice relating to the transmission of HIV. The analysis was descriptive. Results. The active queue was 349 children, including 210 adolescents. Fifty adolescents (22 boys and 28 girls) participated in the study, a participation rate of 24%. The average age of the participants was 16 years (extreme 10 and 19 years). The respondent was an orphan (38%), a secondary school (58%), and separated living parents in 42%. He stated that he did not know he was infected in 62%, and that he had sex with at least one partner in 54%. He knew the modes of transmission and the means of prevention in 72% of the cases. He knew that an HIV-positive adolescent could transmit the disease in 68%, and that HIV/AIDS was incurable in 40%. 42% of respondents said that an infected person on ARVs was contagious. Twenty-nine respondents who had a partner said they had unprotected sex in 58%. All of the adolescents surveyed said that they did not talk to friends and family about HIV. Conclusion. The level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of HIV-positive adolescents regarding HIV/AIDS transmission is insufficient. We suggest setting up a therapeutic HIV/AIDS education program for these adolescents.
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Pardal, Maninder Pal Singh, RajVir Bhalwar, and Late Sanjeev Sharma. "Knowledge and attitude related to HIV/AIDS among school students: a multicentric study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 5 (April 24, 2020): 1819. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20201987.
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Background: There seem to be relatively few studies in our country which have assessed the aspect of knowledge, attitude and practices related to HIV/AIDS among school students.Methods: The present study was a population based, analytical epidemiological design in the settings of an urban population in various schools located in different stations. Data was collected by the authors themselves after personal visits to the schools.Results: The study revealed that about 83% of the respondents had heard of HIV/AIDS and also identified it as a major public health problem in this country. Relatively fewer students i.e. about 57% knew correctly about the etiology of AIDS, or the difference between HIV and AIDS. Similarly a high proportion i.e. about 87% had correct knowledge about the modes of transmission of the disease. Based on the findings of the study certain recommendations on AIDS education in the reference population have been submitted.Conclusions: This baseline assessment brings forth the lacunae that are existent in the status of knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS among adolescents who are likely to start their sexual life after just a few years. In particular, a large proportion are unaware about its causation by a microorganism.
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Gothi, Nilesh, Gorav Yadav, and Aditi Gothi. "The effect of Literacy and Socio-economic status on issues related to adolescent girls." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 5, no. 3 (April 20, 2018): 778. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20181385.
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Background: HIV/AIDS therefore is the most devastating disease and is getting worst instead of better. Girls and young women are highly vulnerable to HIV/AIDS and lack of education makes them more so. The aim of this study to assess the effect of Literacy and Socio-economic status on issues related to adolescent girl’s Reproductive and Sexual Health like menstrual hygiene, knowledge regarding reproduction, STD, AIDS in urban slums.Methods: This is a observational community based cross –sectional study carried -out on all the Adolescent girls married and unmarried from the age group above 13 to 19 years residing in the defined area. House to house survey of the eligible subjects was done by the researcher herself using a pre-designed and pretested schedule.Results: Out of total 376 respondents, majority 310 (82.44%) of adolescent girls knew about HIV/AIDS. most of the girls (69.67%) considered ‘Sharing contaminated needles’ as common mode of HIV/AIDS transmission out of which 86.57% were from above primary and 13.42% were from up to primary educational group. Most of the girls (69.67%) knew ‘Sharing contaminated needles as common mode of HIV/AIDS transmission. Our study shows that, most of the respondents (72.69%) wanted to know more about methods of prevention, out of which 63.45%, 29.44% and 7.10% girls were from lower, middle and higher SEC respectively.Conclusions: Adolescent girls undergo physical, emotional and psychological changes. Many doubts and questions arise in their minds especially regarding reproductive and sexual health leading to worries and anxieties. The various levels where interventions can be applied to improve adolescent girl’s reproductive and sexual health.
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Machado, Julia K. C., Maria J. C. Sant'Anna, Veronica Coates, Flavia J. Almeida, Eitan N. Berezin, and Hatim A. Omar. "Brazilian Adolescents Infected by HIV: Epidemiologic Characteristics and Adherence to Treatment." Scientific World JOURNAL 9 (2009): 1273–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2009.136.
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Over the last 3 decades since the first AIDS cases appeared, we have witnessed great progress in therapeutic methodologies that have transformed the evolution of the disease from debilitating and fatal, into chronic and controllable. HIV-infected children are arriving at adolescence and bringing specific challenges, not only to themselves, but also to their families and caregivers. This retrospective study sets forth epidemiological and treatment characteristics of 46 HIV-infected adolescents followed in a specialized university service relating said characteristics to therapy adherence assessed through a combination of three indirect methods. Therapy adherence did not reveal any association with either epidemiologic characteristics regarding age, sex, school level, household composition, age at diagnosis, mode of infection, knowledge of diagnosis, treatment time, or initial antiretroviral scheme. Patients with good therapy adherence presented lower viral load and used a smaller number of antiretroviral schemes.
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Marijon, Eloi, Ana Mocumbi, Kumar Narayanan, Xavier Jouven, and David S. Celermajer. "Persisting burden and challenges of rheumatic heart disease." European Heart Journal 42, no. 34 (July 15, 2021): 3338–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab407.
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Abstract Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is the result of episodes of acute rheumatic fever with valvular (and other cardiac) damage caused by an abnormal immune response to group A streptococcal infections, usually during childhood and adolescence. As a result of improved living conditions and the introduction of penicillin, RHD was almost eradicated in the developed world by the 1980s. However, being a disease of poverty, its burden remains disproportionately high in the developing world, despite being a fundamentally preventable disease. Rheumatic heart disease generates relatively little attention from the medical and science communities, in contrast to other common infectious problems (such as malaria, HIV, tuberculosis), despite the major cardiovascular morbidity/mortality burden imposed by RHD. This relative neglect and paucity of funding have probably contributed to limited fundamental medical advances in this field for over 50 years. Given the importance of prevention before the onset of major valvular damage, the main challenges for RHD prevention are improving social circumstances, early diagnosis, and effective delivery of antibiotic prophylaxis. Early identification through ultrasound of silent, subclinical rheumatic valve lesions could provide an opportunity for early intervention. Simple echocardiographic diagnostic criteria and appropriately trained personnel can be valuable aids in large-scale public health efforts. In addition, a better understanding of the immunogenic determinants of the disease may provide potential routes to vaccine development and other novel therapies.
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Sahiratmadja, Edhyana, Mugia Bayu Raharja, Elsa Pudji Setiawati, and Ramdan Panigoro. "Poor knowledge of anemia and sexually transmitted disease but better knowledge of HIV/AIDS among unmarried adolescents aged 15-24 years." Universa Medicina 40, no. 2 (July 13, 2021): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18051/univmed.2021.v40.110-120.
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BACKGROUND Basic knowledge of sexual and reproductive health is important to be introduced during the premarital period, to reduce high-risk sexual behavior among adolescents, as well as to increase the correct attitude in their future marriage. This study explored the knowledge of HIV/AIDS, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and anemia among unmarried adolescents. METHODS This was a cross-sectional analytical study on secondary data from the Indonesian Demographic and Health Population Survey 2017, initially conducted by the National Population and Family Planning Board (BKKBN). Knowledge of HIV/AIDS, STDs and anemia among unmarried adolescents aged 15-24 years in West Java Province and Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, was compared and analyzed using the chi-square test. RESULTS In total, 5,389 weighted data were retrieved. In general, adolescents in Jakarta had better knowledge of all diseases compared to those in West Java (p<0.001). Knowledge of anemia and STDs was poor compared to that of HIV/AIDS which was moderate to good (p<0.001). Interestingly, although the adolescents had a middle-low wealth index (43%), the majority (>90%) had their own mobile phone with almost daily internet access, however most of their information sources on health education were from their school period. CONCLUSION Premarital education in schools is imperative to enhance the knowledge of STDs and anemia. Moreover, poor knowledge of anemia is a challenge for introducing the topic of thalassemia major, an inherited autosomal recessive type of anemia due to hemoglobinopathy. Since Indonesia is harboring 6-10% of thalassemia carriers, integrative premarital education is needed for better family planning.
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Govender, Kaymarlin, Wilfred G. B. Masebo, Patrick Nyamaruze, Richard G. Cowden, Bettina T. Schunter, and Anurita Bains. "HIV Prevention in Adolescents and Young People in the Eastern and Southern African Region: A Review of Key Challenges Impeding Actions for an Effective Response." Open AIDS Journal 12, no. 1 (July 19, 2018): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874613601812010053.
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The global commitment to ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030 places HIV prevention at the centre of the response. With the disease continuing to disproportionately affect young populations in the Eastern and Southern African Region (ESAR), particularly adolescent girls and young women, reducing HIV infections in this group is integral to achieving this ambitious target. This paper examines epidemiological patterns of the HIV epidemic among adolescents and young people, indicating where HIV prevention efforts need to be focused (i.e., adolescent girls and young women, adolescent boys and young men and young key populations).Key innovations in the science of HIV prevention and strategies for dealing with programme implementation are reviewed. The paper also discusses the value of processes to mitigate HIV vulnerability and recommends actions needed to sustain the HIV prevention response. Stemming the tide of new HIV infections among young people in the ESAR requires an amplification of efforts across all sectors, which will safeguard past achievements and advance actions towards eliminating AIDS as a public health threat.
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Franke, Gabriele Helga, Christel Salewski, and Matthias Morfeld. "Psychology of rehabilitation as a part of health psychology at the Division of Psychology of Rehabilitation at the University of Applied Sciences of Magdeburg and Stendal." Zeitschrift für Gesundheitspsychologie 16, no. 3 (July 2008): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/0943-8149.16.3.127.
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Abstract. This article summarizes the current research activities at the Division of Psychology of Rehabilitation at the University of Applied Sciences Magdeburg-Stendal. Our research activities predominately focuses on chronic illness and disability encompassing a broad range of target populations such as adolescents with atopic excema, patients suffering from non-life-threatening diseases such as eye diseases to patients suffering from severe diseases such as HIV/AIDS or renal disease. From a theoretical perspective, our group aims at a better understanding of illness representations of patients as well as from non-patients. From a methodological perspective, our group aims at developing psychometric measures to assess health- and illness-related cognitions.
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Koniak-Griffin, Deborah, and Mary-Lynn Brecht. "AIDS Risk Behaviors, Knowledge, and Attitudes among Pregnant Adolescents and Young Mothers." Health Education & Behavior 24, no. 5 (October 1997): 613–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109019819702400508.
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This study assessed AIDS risk behaviors, knowledge, and related attitudes of pregnant adolescents and young mothers (n = 151). Results revealed that a substantial portion of the sample engaged in sexual behaviors (e.g., unprotected sex and multiple sex partners) that increased their risk for acquiring HIV and possibly transmitting the disease to their children. Knowledge about major modes of HIV transmission was high; however, commonly held misconceptions were expressed concerning the spread of disease and methods of prevention. Results suggest that neither the experience of having an unplanned pregnancy nor knowing about HIV transmission was a sufficient motivator to reduce risk behaviors in this sample.
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Rahmadani, Suci, Andi Selvi Yusnitasari, Syamsuar Manyullei, Dian Saputra Marzuki, and Muhammad Yusri Abadi. "Permainan Edukatif Ular Tangga dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Pengetahuan HIV/AIDS Pemuda Desa Towata." Jurnal Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat 5, no. 4 (November 30, 2020): 935–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30653/002.202054.422.
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EDUCATIVE GAMES OF GIANT SNAKE IN THE EFFORTS TO INCREASE THE TOWATA VILLAGE YOUTH HIV/AIDS KNOWLEDGE. HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that attacks white blood cells in the body and results in the decline of human immunity. This is one of the problems of adolescent's premarital sexual behavior and abuse of drug use, many adolescents are still lacking knowledge about the dangers of HIV and not infrequently also as adolescents already know the negative effects but do not think about future risks. The aim of this intervention is to increase the understanding of village youth regarding the importance of avoiding anything that can lead to HIV and stigmatizing the community to avoid the disease rather than the person. The method used in this counseling is the Educational Giant Ladder Snake Faith to increase knowledge about HIV. The implementation technique is to go to the village youth gathering place and encourage them to take part in the eductive faith of the giant ladder snake. The evaluation method is carried out by holding a pre-test and post-test. The results show that there is a difference in the increase in knowledge before and after the game with an average of 5.70 to an average of 7.20. It is expected that young people can apply the knowledge that has been obtained during the game to be able to avoid risky behaviors of transmitting HIV/AIDS and can eliminate the negative stigma of society against disease and people with HIV/AIDS.
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Shah, Tejas A., Nirmal Brahmbhatt, and Jyotsna M. Pandor. "Impact assessment of IEC intervention on knowledge of HIV/AIDS among secondary and higher secondary school students of Himmatnagar, Gujarat, India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 6 (May 27, 2019): 2684. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20192344.
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Background: Pertaining to increasing incidence of HIV/AIDS among youths, it becomes a need of the hour to make them aware about every aspects of disease. Students of secondary and higher secondary school can be targeted for achieving this goal. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge about HIV/AIDS among the school students before and after giving educational intervention.Methods: An educational interventional study was carried out among school going adolescents of one of the school situated in the field practice area of one of the rural teaching hospitals of Gujarat. Pre-designed and pre-tested proforma was used for pre and post test study. Educational intervention in the form of power point presentation was conducted on various aspects of HIV/AIDS.Results: Around 163 students participated in the study. Mean age of the students were 16.6±0.7 yrs. Among them, 148 (90.8%) have heard about HIV/AIDS and only 26.3% could tell correctly about full form of HIV/AIDS before intervention. After giving educational intervention this percentage was raised to 89.2% which was significant statistically. Knowledge on almost all the aspects viz. modes of transmission and preventive aspects were significantly raised among the student after giving educational session.Conclusions: Correct knowledge about etiological and preventive aspects were lacking among the students before intervention. Various misconceptions which were prevalent among them were cleared by giving educational intervention. Secondary and Higher secondary schools can be selected as a platform for raising overall awareness about HIV/AIDS.
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Marni, Marni. "Peningkatan Pengetahuan tentang Narkoba dan HIV/AIDS di Pondok Pesantren Al Hidayah Borowatu, Sukoharjo." Indonesian Journal of Community Services 2, no. 2 (December 26, 2020): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/ijocs.2.2.126-134.
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Perilaku sebagian remaja yang mengabaikan nilai-nilai kaidah dan norma yang berlaku di masyarakat menjadi salah satu penyebab maraknya penggunaan narkoba dikalangan generasi muda. Penyalahgunaan narkoba dengan cara disuntikkan bisa berakibat seseorang menderita HIV/AIDS, kondisi ini merupakan kondisi yang sangat berbahaya, mengingat penyakit ini belum bisa disembuhkan. Salah satu faktor penyebab penyalahgunaan narkoba adalah kurangnya pengetahuan tentang narkoba dan HIV/AIDS, santri yang berasal dari berbagai daerah di Indonesia, dengan budaya dan pengetahuan yang bervariasi, dan rata rata pengetahuan masih rendah, untuk itu perlu diberikan pengetahuan pada remaja khususnya santri agar tidak menyalahgunakan narkoba dan menjauhi perilaku beresiko HIV/AIDS seperti penggunaan narkoba suntik dan sex bebas. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan santri agar berperilaku sehat dengan menjauhi narkoba dan agar terhindar dari HIV/AIDS. Kegiatan diawali studi pendahuluan, yang dilakukan saat kunjungan pertama dengan membagikan kuesioner. Tahap kedua berkoordinasi dengan pengurus pondok pesantren untuk menentukan waktu� pelaksanaan penyuluhan, selanjutnya� pelaksaan penyuluhan. Memberikan penyuluhan kesehatan tentang penyalahgunaan narkoba dan pencegahan HIV/AIDS. Ada 3 fase pada proses penyuluhan, yaitu fase orientas/perkenalan, fase kerja dan fase terminasi/evaluasi. Penyuluhan kesehatan telah berhasil dilaksanakan, para santri sangat berantusias dan memahami materi yang telah disampaikan terbukti para santri mampu menjawab pertanyaan yang diajukan oleh pemateri. Penyuluhan kesehatan mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan para santri terkait penyalahgunaan narkoba dan pencegahan HIV/AIDS.dibuktikan sebelum diberikan penyuluhan skor mean 4,95 dan mean setelah diberikan penyuluhan mean kor pengetahuan 6,73, terjadi peningkatan skor pengetahuan 1,67. Penyuluhan kesehatan kepada para santri terbukti mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan santri tentang penyalahgunaan narkoba dan pencegahan HIV/AIDS yaitu terjadinya mean skor� pengetahuan 1,67.�The behavior of some adolescents who ignore the norms and norms prevailing in society is one of the causes of rampant drug use among the younger generation. Drug abuse by injection can result in a person suffering from HIV / AIDS, this condition is a very dangerous condition, considering that this disease cannot be cured. One of the factors causing drug abuse is a lack of knowledge about drugs and HIV / AIDS, therefore it is necessary to provide knowledge to adolescents, especially students, so that they do not abuse drugs and stay away from HIV / AIDS risk behaviors such as injecting drug use and free sex. This activity is aimed to increase the knowledge of students to behave in a healthy manner by avoiding drugs and avoiding HIV / AIDS. It was done by providing health education about drug abuse and HIV/AIDS prevention. There are 3 phases in the counseling process, namely the orientation phase / introduction, the work phase and the termination / evaluation phase. It was found that health education has been successfully carried out, the students are very enthusiastic and understand the material that has been delivered is proven to be able to answer questions raised by the speakers. Health education can increase the knowledge of students related to drug abuse and prevention of HIV / AIDS. Health education to students is proven to increase students' knowledge about drug abuse and HIV / AIDS prevention.
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Gulzar, Mudabera. "How effective are planned teaching programmes regarding HIV/AIDS amongst the adolescent girl students? A case study using Ludwig von Bertanlaffy’s general system model." International Journal of Scientific Reports 4, no. 10 (September 29, 2018): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20184192.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> In the current times, HIV/AIDS is the most dreadful disease affecting human lives. The worst being that there is no cure or vaccine against it. Given this fact, a pre-experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme (PTP) and to assess the association of selected demographic variables with the pre- and post-test knowledge scores regarding HIV/AIDS among the adolescent girl students in a selected higher secondary school of Srinagar city.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The study is based on Ludwig von Bertanlaffy’s General System model. The sample consists of 50 adolescent girl students who are studying in 9th and 10th classes. This sample was chosen using non-probability (convenience) sampling technique. The tool used for data collection was self-structured questionnaire. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The study showed that 10<sup>th</sup> class students’ HIV-related knowledge was more than that of 9<sup>th</sup> class students. Also, students with educated parents have more knowledge of HIV/AIDS. However, there was no significant difference in the HIV knowledge level of rural and urban areas students. The mean post-test knowledge score (39.12) was significantly higher than mean pre-test knowledge score (12.78). Furthermore, an association was found between post-test HIV/AIDS knowledge scores and demographic variables such as educational status of students, habitat, educational and occupational status of parents.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The results showed the importance of sex education. It needs to be provided to the adolescents, particularly girls, so that they can safeguard themselves from HIV and other STDs/STIs. Also, awareness programmes should be conducted at all levels targeting whole population groups to decrease its incidence. Lastly, mass media should be involved actively in increasing awareness about HIV/AIDS amongst the public.</p>
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Chammartin, Frédérique, Cam Ha Dao Ostinelli, Kathryn Anastos, Antoine Jaquet, Ellen Brazier, Steven Brown, Francois Dabis, et al. "International epidemiology databases to evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) in sub-Saharan Africa, 2012–2019." BMJ Open 10, no. 5 (May 2020): e035246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035246.
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PurposeThe objectives of the International epidemiology databases to evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) are to (i) evaluate the delivery of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) in children, adolescents and adults in sub-Saharan Africa, (ii) to describe ART regimen effectiveness, durability and tolerability, (iii) to examine HIV-related comorbidities and coinfections and (iv) to examine the pregnancy-related and HIV-related outcomes of women on ART and their infants exposed to HIV or ART in utero or via breast milk.ParticipantsIeDEA is organised in four regions (Central, East, Southern and West Africa), with 240 treatment and care sites, six data centres at African, European and US universities, and almost 1.4 million children, adolescents and adult people living with HIV (PLWHIV) enrolled.Findings to dateThe data include socio-demographic characteristics, clinical outcomes, opportunistic events, treatment regimens, clinic visits and laboratory measurements. They have been used to analyse outcomes in PLWHIV-1 or PLWHIV-2 who initiate ART, including determinants of mortality, of switching to second-line and third-line ART, drug resistance, loss to follow-up and the immunological and virological response to different ART regimens. Programme-level estimates of mortality have been corrected for loss to follow-up. We examined the impact of coinfection with hepatitis B and C, and the epidemiology of different cancers and of (multidrug resistant) tuberculosis, renal disease and of mental illness. The adoption of ‘Treat All’, making ART available to all PLWHIV regardless of CD4+ cell count or clinical stage was another important research topic.Future plansIeDEA has formulated several research priorities for the ‘Treat All’ era in sub-Saharan Africa. It recently obtained funding to set up sentinel sites where additional data are prospectively collected on cardiometabolic risks factors as well as mental health and liver diseases, and is planning to create a drug resistance database.
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Kathad, Manish M., Jay Patwa, Riddhi Patel, Siddharth K. Patel, Yatri Patel, Jaydeep Pathak, and Chintan S. Prajapati. "A comparative study on HIV/AIDS awareness among medical and non-medical students of Gujarat." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 10 (September 24, 2018): 4268. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20183887.
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Background: The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a modern pandemic affecting industrialized and developing countries. Around half of the new cases of HIV occur in individuals beneath 25 years of age. Present study was carried out to assess the knowledge and sensitization levels of 1st year college- students about basics of HIV/AIDS, prevention, support, treatment, their perceptions of programmatic services and stigma/discrimination pertaining to HIV/ AIDS.Methods: One hundred medical students of SBKS MIRC, Sumandeep Vidhyapeeth and one hundred non-medical students of Sanskar education trust were interviewed with the help of pre-designed questionnaire to know and compare the awareness of HIV/AIDS among students.Results: Correct knowledge of treatment, curability and vaccine of HIV was only with 85%, 40% and 55% among medical students and 66%, 24% and 48% among non-medical students respectively. Correct knowledge about route of transmission of HIV was higher in medical students compare to non-medical students and this Knowledge difference was statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusions: The outcomes underline that there is a need of education programs in the school and adolescent period in the nation so that risk groups will be appropriately educated about this deadly disease.
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DUMEA, Elena, Raluca MIHAI, Mihaela MAVRODIN, Gabriela DOGARU, and PASCU Corina. "Remission of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV- positive patient after multidisciplinary rehabilitation: a case report." Balneo Research Journal, Vol.11, No1 (February 20, 2020): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12680/balneo.2020.319.
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Introduction: One of the most common neurologic disease in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is represented by progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), being caused by John Cunningham (JC) polyoma virus. Case presentation: We report a case of a 27 years old women, HIV-positive since childhood, under specific antiretroviral therapy with good adherence to it in that period but starting with adolescence adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) decreased. In this context her HIV viral load increased to a 690.000 copies/ml, and CD4 collapsed at 57 cells/mmc. She presented in our clinic with ataxic left hemiparesis, truncal ataxia and left hemi-hypoesthesia. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed a slightly pleocytosis and polymerase chain reaction performed from CSF diagnosed John Cunningham (JC) virus. Once diagnosis established, we reinitiated HAART, but some neurologic disorders persisted like difficulty of the left upper member, having the modified Rankin scale (mRS) of 5. The patient started a multidisciplinary rehabilitation (MDR) treatment, specifically adapted. It consisted of 4 sessions of neuromotor treatments, 20 sessions of massages, and 12 sessions of occupational therapy. According to MDR, the patient improved the ataxic walking, without support, presenting an improvement mRS of 3. Conclusions: AIDS patients with PML could require a prolonged MDR treatment for neurological disorders and rehabilitation treatment promptly should be applied when such diagnosis is suspected. Key words: progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, human immunodeficiency virus, neurological disorder, multidisciplinary rehabilitation,
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Diliarosta,, Skunda Diliarosta Skunda. "Adolescent Reproductive Health Education Through Training and Counseling on Prevention of Free Relationships, LGBT and HIV AIDS at SMKN 3 Payakumbuh." Pelita Eksakta 3, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/pelitaeksakta/vol3-iss1/85.
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The purpose of this community service is to educate students in SMKN 3 Payakumbuh How to recognize and maintain reproductive health to avoid free sex, LGBT and HIV/AIDS. The education is well packed and interesting using animated films, discussing and solving problems as well as finding joint solution through a focus group discussion (FGD). This method is done so that students can easily understand about reproductive health and can find out the consequences of free and LGBT associations and HIV/AIDS disease. For initial analysis, this activity using Kahoot application with 75 questions. This activity is done with 5 stages, which is initiated by looking at the knowledge of students, introduce the reproduction tool, Issues of LGBT and Free Sex. Recognizing HIV/AID disease and sufferer data in West Sumatera. Then conducted group discussions with problem tree methods, Focused Group discussion (FGD), discussion of plenary and briefing from the resource person related to knowledge and action of reproductive health, free sex and LGBT. This activity has change attitude of SMKN3 PAYAKUMBUH students with a determination to reject the association/sex free and LGBT through the jargon "Say No to LGBT and Free Sex", in addition to the students are able to fortify themselves from behavior, LGBT and HIV/AIDS. Because adolescent are the next generation of the nation who will fill the richness of Indonesia in the Indonesian Gold ERA in 2045, they are the hope of the nation, the sunlight that will give color to the future of the nation. It is therefore an obligation of all parties to keep them from deviant behavior.
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Stephens, Torrance T., Joseph Watkins, Ronald Braithwaite, Sandra Taylor, Felicia James, and Mustapha Durojaiye. "PERCEPTIONS OF VULNERABILITY TO AIDS AMONG AFRICAN AMERICAN MEN: CONSIDERATIONS FOR PRIMARY PREVENTIVE COUNSELING FOR UNDERGRADUATES." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 25, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1997.25.1.77.
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The purpose of this paper is to suggest some factors counselors should consider in dealing with perceptions of vulnerability to HIV/AIDS among African American college-age males. For this study, perceived vulnerability to AIDS is a latent variable that refers to an individual's belief of their likelihood of contracting HIV when not using a condom. The objective of the study is to contribute to the knowledge needed by counselors, school educators, and health professionals to develop and implement effective educational programs and counseling interventions that are race and gender specific. In particular, programs that promote the use of AIDS risk-reduction practices among African American male, college-age adolescents. We acknowledge that any potent effort to prevent the spread of the disease among men in the African American community must: a) evaluate existing prevention strategies used with a similar population, b) utilize activities that focus on collective cultural experience, c) utilize activities that enhance communication and accent collective participation, d) utilize strategies that focus on acceptance of sexuality, e) focus on reccurring patterns of communication, f) base intervention on the current social and political climate, g) consider threats and belief in genocide as real, h) include messages which consistently emphasize the potential benefits and gains of community and i) consider racial/ethnic composition in the counselor-client relationship.
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Firsia Sastra Putri, Desak Made. "Gambaran Tingkat Pengetahuan Remaja Tentang HIV Aids Di SMA N 1 Selemadeg." JURNAL MEDIKA USADA 4, no. 2 (August 25, 2021): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.54107/medikausada.v4i2.101.
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Background: Adolescence is associated with the transition from children to adulthood. Rapid physical changes and hormonal changes are triggers for adolescent health problems due to the emergence of sexual motivation that makes adolescents prone to diseases and reproductive health problems (kespro), teenage pregnancy with all its consequences, namely premarital sex, abortion, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), HIV-AIDS and narcotics (Margaretha, 2012). Most people with HIV AIDS are at the age of 25-39 years, while someone exposed to the HIV virus will not cause symptoms within 5-10 years. Thus, the possibility of contracting HIV during adolescence. The highest risk factor for HIV is sexual intercourse. Meanwhile, sex education as an effort to prevent HIV AIDS in Indonesia is still considered taboo and has not received sufficient attention from all circles.
Purpose: Knowing the Description of Youth Knowledge Level about HIV / AIDS in SMA N 1 Selemadeg
Method: This research method uses descriptive research design. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling technique with a total sample of 161 respondents. The analysis used in this research is univariate analysis which produces a frequency distribution.
Results: This study shows that based on the level of knowledge of the respondents about HIV / AIDS, most of the respondents were less knowledgeable as many as 66 respondents (41%), enough as many as 52 respondents (32.3%), both 43 respondents (26.7%).
Conclusion: The description of the level of knowledge of adolescents about HIV / AIDS in SMA N 1 Selemadeg showed that the level of adolescent knowledge about HIV / AIDS was lacking
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Abadi, Guspratiwi Syahdinar, Toha Muhaimin, Lita Lita, Nurlisis Nurlisis, Syamsul Bahri Riva’i, and Muhammad Muzakir Fahmi. "PERILAKU BERISIKO HIV/AIDS PADA REMAJA SMA DI WILAYAH KERJA UPTD PUSKESMAS HARAPAN RAYA PEKANBARU TAHUN 2018." Photon: Jurnal Sain dan Kesehatan 9, no. 2 (July 3, 2019): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37859/jp.v9i2.980.
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The UPTD Puskesmas the hope of Raya Pekanbaru owns the number of be in the low teens the age of 15-24 the years that came and visited and hiv testing as much as 292 people, have been given counseling as much as 200 people, told there were hiv positive 2 a person, and given chief assessor numbers counseling after the test hiv as much as 207 people. Data on the sexually transmitted infection ( IMS ) in adolescents the age of 15-24 years who got serious disease would as much as 92 a person with 4 the syphilis and 15 a person gonorrhea (GO).The purpose of this research to gain an understanding of the factors causing the behavior runs the risk of HIV/AIDS in adolescents.The place of research in four to senior high school in the working areas of the UPTD Puskesmas the hope of Raya Pekanbaru. A design study analytic cross-sectional with the total sample 314 teenagers appeared.An analyzer used the univariat, bivariat (chi square), and multivariate (regression double logistic).The analysis multivariate variable are associated with risky behavior hiv the sexes (OR: 28,838 CI: 95 % 9,084-91,549) and neighborhood (OR: 0,104 CI: 95 % 0,026-0,418). Conclusions sexes 28 times had a chance to behave risky HIV/AIDS and neighborhood 3 times risky HIV/AIDS. Advice recommended for the UPTD Puskesmas and schools turn back pkpr and activities youth to enhancing teen health.
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Alokozai, Aaron, David N. Bernstein, Linsen T. Samuel, and Atul F. Kamath. "Are We Involving Patients in Shared Decision-Making in Young Adult Hip Surgery? A Systematic Review of Patient Engagement Initiatives in Hip Preservation." Journal of Patient Experience 7, no. 6 (September 21, 2020): 920–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2374373520956870.
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There are limited published studies on patient engagement, including shared decision-making, in adolescents and young adults with complex congenital or post-traumatic hip disorders. Despite the limited number of papers, we aim to clearly summarize what is currently available in the literature using a systematic review approach. We hope this serves as a call to action and catalyst for more work in this field. Future research must focus on awareness of what matters most to patients (values), and the development, implementation, and barriers to the use of decision aids and patient engagement optimization specific to hip disease in young adults.
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Bhat, Kamalakshi G., Zahabiya Nalwalla, and Nitin Joseph. "#60: Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder in Adolescents Living with HIV/AIDS - A Cross Sectional Study." Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society 10, Supplement_2 (June 1, 2021): S22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piab031.054.
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Abstract Introduction Perinatally HIV infected neonates are surviving into adulthood with an impact on mental and emotional health. Attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) and Oppositional Defiant disorder (ODD) are few of the common behavioral disorders, which have been found to have a higher prevalence amongst HIV infected children. Objectives The objectives were to assess the proportion of ADHD and ODD in adolescents living with HIV/AIDS and to find its association with various factors. Materials and Methods 88 adolescents aged 10–19 years living with HIV/AIDS were included in the study. The Swanson, Nolan Pelham (SNAP-IV) scale was administered to the caretakers and children were assessed for the proportion of ADHD/ODD. Association between those who scored positive with duration of treatment, CD4 counts, stage of disease and socio-demographic variables were done using statistical tests. Results Our study included 88 participants, of whom 9 scored positive in the inattention subset resulting in a proportion of 10.2%. 5 participants had symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity resulting in a proportion of 5.6% and 1 had combined symptoms with a proportion of 1.1%. 13 scored positive in the opposition/defiant subset resulting in a proportion of 14.7%. No statistical significance was found between duration of treatment, CD4 count, stage of disease, socio-demographic variables and ADHD/ODD. Conclusion The proportion of ADHD and ODD in this study was found to be comparable to the general population. A holistic approach to improve the long-term health of these youth is needed to ensure that our success in achieving survival of HIV-infected children from infancy is maintained into adulthood.
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Israel, Rebecca A., Russell K. Dorer, and David M. Aboulafia. "HIV-Infection, Hodgkin Lymphoma, and Pregnancy: A Case Report and Recommendations On Treatment." Blood 114, no. 22 (November 20, 2009): 4638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.4638.4638.
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Abstract Abstract 4638 According to the CDC the incidence of HIV-infection in women of child bearing age continues to increase in the era of Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART). In 1992, women accounted for 14% of all adults and adolescents living with HIV/AIDS, but by the end of 2005 women accounted for 23% of all HIV/AIDS cases [1]. As Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is the most common non-AIDS defining malignancy, we anticipate that the number of cases of HIV-associated Hodgkin lymphoma (HIV-HL) in pregnant women will increase in the near future. Herein, we describe the case of a pregnant 30-year-old HIV-infected Ethiopian woman with a CD4+ count of 254 cells/μ;L and an HIV viral load of 1200 copies/mL who presented to medical attention with progressive neck adenopathy and fatigue, but no fevers, night sweats, or significant weight loss. An incisional biopsy of a cervical lymph node revealed Reed-Sternberg cells (CD30+, CD15+, CD20-, CD3-) and an absence of sclerosis consistent with Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma, mixed cellularity subtype. A subsequent unilateral posterior iliac crest bone marrow aspirate and biopsy was unremarkable with normal trilineage hematopoiesis. Following a spontaneous miscarriage ten weeks into her pregnancy, a 18F-fluorodeoxy-D-glucose PET and fusion CT scan demonstrated disease above and below the diaphragm, establishing stage IIIA HL. The patient subsequently began HAART consisting of a co-formulation of emtricitabine and tenofovir (Truvada®) and nevirapine, in conjunction with chemotherapy (AVD x 8 cycles). Thirty three months post-completion of chemotherapy, the patient remains disease free without evidence of recurrent HL. Through a literature search, we identified only two additional case reports describing HIV, HL, and pregnancy. One patient received three cycles of chemotherapy, refused further treatment, delivered a HIV-positive girl, and died shortly after from complications of presumed pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia [2]. The second patient received both active antiretroviral therapy and chemotherapy, delivered a HIV-negative boy, and remained without evidence of HL at nine months follow-up [3]. The paucity of reported cases in the medical literature precludes any evidence based recommendations for the care of pregnant patients with HIV-HL. However, we recommend that medical providers use the same precautions to ensure the safety of both the mother and the child as recommended for pregnant HIV-negative patients with HL. Pregnant patients with HL should not be staged with imaging techniques that require significant radiation exposure including plain radiographs, CT, and PET scans. The extent of substantial mediastinal and pulmonary disease can be safely determined with a postero-anterior radiograph of the chest with proper shielding of the abdomen. Abdominal ultrasounds and magnetic resonance imaging may provide adequate information for the management of disease without placing the fetus at risk [4]. We also suggest controlling the underlying HIV infection when initiating HL treatment as using HAART in parallel with chemotherapy has been correlated with a dramatically improved prognosis for HIV-HL patients [5]. In the hopes of developing more specific management guidelines, we encourage other clinicians to publish their experiences with HIV-HL in pregnant patients.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV/AIDS Among Youth–United States, 2008. http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/resources/Factsheets/youth.htmOkechukwu CN, Ross J. Hodgkin's Lymphoma in a Pregnant Patient with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. J Clin Oncol 1998; 10:410-411.Kelpfish A, Schattner A, Shtalrid M,et al. Advanced Hodgkin's Disease in a Pregnant, HIV Seropositive Woman: Favorable Mother and Baby Outcome Following Combined Anticancer and Antiretroviral Therapy. Am J Hematol 2000; 63:57-58.Connors, Joseph. “Challenging Problems: Coicident Pregnancy, HIV infection, and Older Age.” In: Hematology 2008: American Society of Hematology Education Program Book. Gewirtz AM, Muchmore EA, Burns LJ, editors. Washington, D.C.: American Society of Hematology; 2008. p. 334-39.5.Tirelli U, Errante D, Dolcetti R, et al. Hodgkin's Disease and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: Clinicopatholgic and Virologic Features of 114 Patients From the Italian Cooperative Group on AIDS and Tumors. J Clin Oncol 1995; 13:1758-67. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Li, Zhihui, Linda Richter, and Chunling Lu. "Tracking development assistance for reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health in conflict-affected countries." BMJ Global Health 4, no. 4 (August 2019): e001614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001614.
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BackgroundLittle is known about the patterns of development assistance (DA) for each component of reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health (RMNCAH) in conflict-affected countries nor about the DA allocation in relation to the burden of disease.MethodsWe tracked DA to RMNCAH in general and to each of its four components: reproductive health (RH), maternal and newborn health (MNH), child health (CH) and adolescent health (AH), in 25 conflict-affected countries between 2003 and 2017. We compared DA and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for each component. Using keyword searching and funding allocation methods, we produced two sets of estimates: DA primarily targeting RMNCAH (lower bound) and DA both primarily and partially for RMNCAH or DA not explicitly targeting RMNCAH but benefiting it (upper bound).FindingsBetween 2003 and 2017, we identified 46 833 projects among the 25 countries that targeted RMNCAH. During the study period, DA to RMNCAH increased by seven-fold from $0.5 billion to $3.6 billion, with a slowdown since 2013. Cumulatively, RH received the largest proportion of DA to RMNCAH (50%) with 84% of its funding earmarked for HIV/AIDS, which contributed to less than 6% of the total RMNCAH-related DALYs. AH received 3% of the DA-RMNCAH but contributed 15% to the RMNCAH-related DALYs. Non-communicable diseases caused more than one-third of the DALYs among adolescents, but received only 3% of DA to AH. RMNCAH-inclusive estimates showed consistent results.ConclusionWhile there was a substantial increase in funding to RMNCAH in conflict-affected countries over the period of study, some health issues with high disease burden (eg, AH and non-communicable diseases) received a disproportionately small portion of aid for RMNCAH. We recommend that donors increase investment to RMNCAH in conflict-affected countries, particularly in areas where the burden of disease or the potential benefit of investment is likely to be high.
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Yuhanah, Yuhanah, and Bangu Bangu. "Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Murid SD Kelas V dan VI dengan Kesiapan Menghadapi Menarche di SD Negeri 4 Kolakaasi Kecamatan Latambaga Kabupaten Kolaka." Jurnal Surya Medika 5, no. 2 (February 28, 2020): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/jsm.v5i2.1287.
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Menarche specifically refers to a woman's first menstruation during early adolescence (puerperal period) where the body growth (growth spurt) is very fast accompanied by hormonal changes that dramatically impact on increasing levels of reproductive function and all sexual maturation in the transition period, resulting in psychological changes, anxious children and symptoms of laziness to do something, especially in learning when the age of 10-14 years, the growth of sexual drive is a trigger for adolescent reproductive health problems is quite serious, making adolescents vulnerable to disease (STDs, HIV-AIDS) and teenage pregnancy great opportunity to have an abortion and narcotics. Adolescents in Indonesia number around 66.3 million people out of a total population of 258.7 million and one in four residents are teenagers. Southeast Sulawesi health profile data in 2017 the number of female population aged 10-14 years was 136,834 people (19.28%) while in Kolaka Regency, the female group aged 10-14 years amounted to 12,020 people (20.92%) of the total population of 251,520 souls. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship of knowledge and attitudes towards readiness to face menarche through a cross-sectional approach with the chi-square test. The research was carried out in February until May 2019 with the object of the research being female students of class V and VI at SDN 4 Kolakaasi Latambaga District, Kolaka with 50 respondents with a purposive sampling technique. The research results obtained that there was no relationship between knowledge and readiness of students facing menarche with a value of P = 0.46> a = 0.05 and there was no relationship between attitudes and student readiness in dealing with menarche with a value of P = 1,000> a = 0.05.
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Haase, Vitor Geraldi, Nelsa Carol Nicolau, Virgínia Nunes Viana, and Jorge Andrade Pinto. "Executive function and processing speed in Brazilian HIV-infected children and adolescents." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 8, no. 1 (March 2014): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642014dn81000006.
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ABSTRACT Background: Cognitive disorders in infants and children who are vertically infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been recognized since the inception of the epidemic. Objective: The present study investigated neuropsychological performance in a cohort of vertically infected Brazilian children and adolescents who underwent antiretroviral therapy. The neuropsychological tasks were designed to evaluate executive function and processing speed. Methods: Children and adolescents were recruited at a major research and treatment reference center for human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV) in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Forty-one individuals aged 5 to 17 years were enrolled. Twelve were mildly symptomatic (HIV-infected group, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] class A or B), and 29 had advanced clinical disease (AIDS group, CDC class C). Results: The results showed that HIV-infected children and adolescents exhibited lower performance on neuropsychological tasks than sociodemographically comparable, typically developing controls. Motor and cognitive processing speed and executive function appeared to be the most discriminative domains. Conclusion: HIV-infected individuals with more-advanced disease stages exhibited lower performance levels and had greater performance heterogeneity on neuropsychological tasks. Thus, the observed neuropsychological impairments, although more pronounced in participants with more advanced stages of the disease, did not correlate with the variable used (CDC stage).
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Fevriasanty, Fransiska Imavike. "Pornografi Internet dan Perilaku Seksual Pranikah Pada Remaja: Literature Review." CoMPHI Journal: Community Medicine and Public Health of Indonesia Journal 1, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37148/comphijournal.v1i2.11.
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Introduction: The digital era of information requires teenagers to find information via the internet where easy internet access is not without risks. Coupled with a great sense of curiosity in teenagers, it will encourage them to open pornographic sites when they are overwhelmed by feelings of loneliness and boredom with complicated conditions in the family or incompatibility in friendship. Aim of study: This article aims to discuss the antecedents of internet pornography behavior and premarital sexual behavior among adolescents. Method: The research method is to use literature study techniques on 25 articles from the Google Scholar and Proquest databases. Results and Discussion: The literature study shows that addiction to internet pornography can lead to deviant behavior such as premarital sexual behavior. Premarital sexual behavior in adolescents can occur when adolescents want to try what they see on pornographic sites to be practiced on their friends of the opposite sex or to their partners. The situation in which premarital sexual behavior is a trend among adolescents will ultimately create social disease in the society which has an impact on the mental damage of the nation's future generations. Conclusion: The conclusion from this literature study is that premarital sexual behavior in adolescents will increase the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV / AIDS. So it is hoped that health workers, the community, and related parties will get the same understanding considering that adolescents are very vulnerable to the negative influence of the internet without neglecting its positive effects on adolescent psychosocial development and academic achievement.
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Amuna, Paul, and Francis B. Zotor. "Epidemiological and nutrition transition in developing countries: impact on human health and development." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 67, no. 1 (January 30, 2008): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665108006058.
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Whereas common infectious and parasitic diseases such as malaria and the HIV/AIDS pandemic remain major unresolved health problems in many developing countries, emerging non-communicable diseases relating to diet and lifestyle have been increasing over the last two decades, thus creating a double burden of disease and impacting negatively on already over-stretched health services in these countries. Prevalence rates for type 2 diabetes mellitus and CVD in sub-Saharan Africa have seen a 10-fold increase in the last 20 years. In the Arab Gulf current prevalence rates are between 25 and 35% for the adult population, whilst evidence of the metabolic syndrome is emerging in children and adolescents. The present review focuses on the concept of the epidemiological and nutritional transition. It looks at historical trends in socio-economic status and lifestyle and trends in nutrition-related non-communicable diseases over the last two decades, particularly in developing countries with rising income levels, as well as the other extreme of poverty, chronic hunger and coping strategies and metabolic adaptations in fetal life that predispose to non-communicable disease risk in later life. The role of preventable environmental risk factors for obesity and the metabolic syndrome in developing countries is emphasized and also these challenges are related to meeting the millennium development goals. The possible implications of these changing trends for human and economic development in poorly-resourced healthcare settings and the implications for nutrition training are also discussed.
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Sowmyasudha, K., Sofia Noor, Alpha V. P. Tej, and K. Satyanarayana. "A study on socio-cultural factors and reproductive health of women with HIV/AIDS, in a tertiary care hospital, Kakinada, East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 2 (January 24, 2018): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20180264.
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Background: AIDS is a fatal disease caused by Human Immune-Deficiency Virus. Transmitted by sexual contact mainly heterosexuals, street children, adolescents, migrants are also major vulnerable group to affect. Social and cultural factors have a key role in transmission of the disease.Methods: A total of 303 positive HIV women in reproductive age group were interviewed to assess the socio-cultural factors and reproductive health among them, by using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed by using SPSS software.Results: Un-educated and un-employed women from nuclear family with early marriage, having predisposing factors of alcoholism, polygamous sexual relationship were affected in this study. Few of them still have sexual relations, majority of them not disclosing their disease status. Few of them facing social stigma and lacking of family support. Majority has access to treatment and they are on regular treatment. Their antenatal and post natal period is un-eventful. A few of them stopped breastfeeding to their babies. Majority have one or two children affected by disease in their family.Conclusions: In our study we found the Major predisposing factor for the disease are STDs, alcoholism and major route of transmission is through sexual contact. A few participants have extramarital polygamous relationship and maintaining confidentiality on their disease status. Majority were on regular treatment. Most of them were not practicing family planning methods.