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1
Kaija, Barbara Night Mbabazi. "An investigation of how Kampala teenagers who read Straight talk negotiate HIV/AIDS messages." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002894.
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This study is a qualitative ethnographic investigation of how teenagers in Kampala, Uganda, who read the HIV/AIDS publication aimed at adolescents, Straight Talk, negotiate HIV/AIDS messages. It seeks to establish to what extent these secondary school teenagers accept the key messages (known as ABC; Abstain, Be faithful or use a Condom) and understand the factual aspects of the messages about HIV/AIDS, its process of transmission and prevention. It also seeks to probe how the lived realities of the teenagers affect their particular negotiations of the HIV/AIDS messages. It includes a focus on how proximity to HIV/AIDS, gender and family economic disposition might affect teenagers, negotiation of the HIV/AIDS meanings. To investigate the respondents’ reception of HIV/AIDS messages, the study employed focus groups that consisted of two stages, namely the ‘news game’ and group discussions. In the ‘news game’ stage (Philo, 1990; Kitzinger, 1993) the teenage participants were required to produce a version of a one-page copy of an HIV/AIDS newspaper targeting teenagers. In the second stage of the focus group a structured discussion probed the teenagers’ negotiation of the HIV/AIDS media messages. In the news game, the teenagers on the whole reproduced the key Straight Talk HIV/AIDS messages ‘Abstain, Be faithful or use a Condom’ and also images showing the effects of HIV/AIDS but featured fewer images depicting the factual aspects of HIV/AIDS process of transmission and risky behaviour. In the structured discussion that followed the news game, it was evident that not all the teenagers necessarily believed the messages they produced. In spite of producing the ABC Straight Talk messages, some of them were uncertain and confused about the absolute safety of the condom because of fears that they were either porous, expired or would interfere with sexual pleasure. Secondly, though many of the teenagers in the study reproduced images that showed that they consider marriage as desirable and talked about their desire to abstain from sex till marriage, a considerable number think abstinence is not achievable due to competing values. Thirdly, the participant teenagers could differentiate between HIV and AIDS but many did not realise that with the advent of anti-retroviral drugs even people who have AIDS can look normal. In spite of repeating the Straight Talk message that “no one was safe” and being aware of the risky behaviour that their fellow teenagers get involved in, the teenagers seemed to think that their age cohort is safe from HIV and it is the adults who are likely to infect them. The study findings further indicate that the teenagers’ lived experience at times influence their negotiation of HIV/AIDS media messages. This was probed in terms of economic standing, gender and proximity to HIV/AIDS. In relation to gender one surprising discovery was that certain girls in the study feared getting pregnant more than getting HIV/AIDS. The study finally suggests that these findings are of significance for designing future media initiatives in relation to HIV/AIDS.
2
Sze, Mei-lun Angela. "Psychosocial correlates in adolescent AIDs prevention: the case of condom use." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29689442.
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Muwanguzi, Samuel. "The glocalization and acculturation of HIV/AIDS: The role of communication in the control and prevention of the epidemic in Uganda." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4949/.
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Grounded in the social constructivism tradition, this study examined the role of communication in the glocalization and acculturation of HIV/AIDS by a section of sexually active Ugandans then living in Rakai district during the advent of the epidemic in 1982. Sixty-four women and men participated in ten focus group discussions in Rakai and Kampala districts. Five themes emerged from the data highlighting how individuals and communities made sense of the epidemic, the omnipresence of death, how they understood the HIV/AIDS campaign, and how they are currently coping with its backlash. The study concludes that HIV/AIDS is socially constructed and can be understood better from local perspectives rather than from a globalized view. The study emphasizes the integration of cultural idiosyncrasies in any health communication campaigns to realize behavioral change.
4
Bwesigye, Akankunda Denis Amara Soonthorndhada. "The practice of ABC in the prevention of HIV/AIDS : case study of Uganda /." Abstract, 2005. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2548/cd381/4738664.pdf.
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Zolaiha, Jumroon Mikhanorn. "HIV/AIDS prevention behavior among adolescents in high school of Jakarta, Indonesia /." Abstract, 2005. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2548/cd375/4737943.pdf.
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Poulin, Michelle J. "The sexual and social relations of youth in rural Malawi : strategies for AIDS prevention /." Citation, abstract and full text online, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1158526321&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3740&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Chiringa, Kudakwashe E. M. "Human rights implications of the compulsory HIV/AIDS testing policy: a critical appraisal of the law and practice in South Africa, Uganda and Canada." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1017298.
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HIV/AIDS has been an obstacle to socio-economic development and a major cause of loss of human life. It has also caused vast inequities and frustration to the public health sector. One of the significant efforts made by the public health sector to combat the epidemic is the implementation of a mandatory HIV/AIDS testing policy to scale-up HIV treatment. This dissertation examines the impact of this policy on the human rights of people infected with and affected by HIV/AIDS. Coercive government policies aimed at controlling the AIDS pandemic often infringe on the rights of individuals known to be or suspected of living with HIV/AIDS and this decreases the effectiveness of public health measures. The research methodology involved the study of written literature and a comparative literature study of the law and practice obtaining in South Africa, Uganda and Canada. It revealed that voluntary testing is effective and suitable in South Africa. This dissertation aimed to show that any public health approach that aims to achieve a comprehensive prevention strategy must be consistent with respect for human rights as enshrined in regional and international human rights law. Public health and human rights should, therefore, not be regarded as opposing forces; rather they should be seen as a unified system of protection of human welfare under the Bill of Rights and the Constitution. The solution to the crisis lies not only in testing every single person but also requires a shift of focus to more pressing issues that include gender equality, stigma and discrimination; prioritizing human rights, institutional capacity and resources; and an end to extreme poverty. A human rights-based approach to HIV/AIDS testing, such as the Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) is recommended. Therefore, failure to adhere to the core principles of testing - which are informed consent, counselling and confidentiality of the test result - will only hinder the global fight against HIV/AIDS. The rights of those affected by HIV/AIDS need to be protected in order to address public health imperatives. This can be done through the use of the law as an instrument of social change as well as education and awareness. Key words, HIV/AIDS, mandatory testing, Voluntary Counselling and Testing, public health, human rights-based approach.
8
Bulow, Barbara A. "HIV susceptibility among high-risk adolescents." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1115725.
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The purpose of this study was to explore the association among risk behaviors, HIV/AIDS knowledge, and cognitive variables in high-risk adolescents. Subjects were 82 youth (50 males and 32 females) residing in a Midwest residential treatment facility for abused, neglected, or delinquent children and adolescents. The mean age of the adolescents was 14.6 years. Self-report measures of AIDS knowledge, invulnerability, self-efficacy, locus of control, sensation seeking, and risk involvement were administered in counterbalanced order. Data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression analysis to examine the relation between risk behaviors and scores on invulnerability, locus of control, self-efficacy, and sensation seeking measures once age and AIDS knowledge were controlled in the initial steps. Although age and knowledge of AIDS were related positively to the likelihood of behavioral risk taking, the combination of cognitive variables explained an additional 23% of the variance in risk behaviors and accounted for the largest proportion of shared variability. Therefore, adolescents' risk behaviors appeared to be determined by their cognitive beliefs to a greater degree than by their knowledge of the consequences of such behavior. The importance of cognitive factors in the apparent behavior choices that adolescents make suggests that educational prevention programs need to consider more than just the sharing of knowledge in addressing issues of risky behavior. Instead, the perceptions of adolescents toward sensation seeking and other cognitive characteristics also must be considered.Department of Educational Psychology
9
Mitchell, Gillian Valerie. "An evaluation of the impact of a ten hour HIV/AIDS prevention programme on male adolescents' HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes and beliefs." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23667.
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Okonkwo, Beatrice Ihegharauche, and Marissa Louise Sitz. "Influences of alcohol, marijuana, peer pressure, parental or adult supervision, knowledge of STD's/HIV and pregnancy on the initiation of sexual activity." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2509.
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The purpose of the study was to show the variables that influence adolescents' sexual activities that have not been well defined. What leads adolescents to be more sexually active than previous generations? A Survey was conducted at the Fontana Unified School District.
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Ntlabati, Pumla L. "Patterns of early adolescent sex and implications for HIV/AIDS risk prevention : a contextual study in the Amatole Basin, Eastern Cape." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007814.
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This study involves an analysis of accounts of first and subsequent early sexual experiences in a deep rural area of the Eastern Cape in South Africa over the last forty years. Through interviews and focus group discussions, the enculturation of youth into sexual activity in the community of interest is explored. The study looks into sexual experiences from childhood, through early adolescence to adults of up to sixty five years old, allowing an analysis of the changing forms of sexual experimentation and sexual debut in this context. Contextual factors mediating these changes are explored, with special emphasis on the changing regulatory practices around early sexual experiences and the effect thereof on behaviors connected to HIV infection risk. Practices that were previously important mediators of sexual behavior were: anxiety about the social consequences of pregnancy, which was previously a significant disincentive to sexual intercourse; men's previous acceptance of the need to practice non-penetrative forms of sex and girls postponing sexual debut for as long as possible. All these were culturally endorsed, but are now noted to have changed due to changes in the regulatory practices surrounding youth sexuality. The context of early sexual experiences and the surrounding cultural practices have also changed significantly, and this needs to be taken into account in understanding receptivity to condom use messages. Implications for HIV/AIDS prevention are discussed. Among other interventions, the study describes a participatory, community-based, multi-sectoral approach that takes social conditions into account as a way of empowering the community to strengthen its response to the pandemic. This incorporates different sectors of the community, including youth, parents, religious and traditional leaders, and various other structures, services and institutions that make up the community.
12
Black, Michael David. "Central city youth and HIV/AIDS an emerging community construct: Finding the best fit ofprovention and intervention service." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1814.
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Terblanche-Smit, Marlize. "The impact of fear appeal advertising on disposition formation in HIV/AIDS related communication /." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1275.
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Sweitzer, Marilyn Jean. "Positive prevention: The relationship between teacher self-efficacy, program implementation, and student outcomes." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2698.
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In the San Bernardino City Unified School District, Positive Prevention: HIV/STD Prevention Education for California Schools Grades 7-12, Second Edition (Positive Prevention) by Clark & Ridley (2000) is used as the curriculum for ninth grade. In evaluating the curriculum, it is of key importance to first determine if this curriculum is being taught as it was designed, or with fidelity. Fidelity is affected by the comfort, confidence, competence and commitment of the personnel presenting the curriculum.
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Bruce, Faikah. "Understanding the impact of an HIV intervention package for adolescents." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85666.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Adolescents are regarded as a high risk group in South Africa with the highest human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence occurring in this group. Prevention among adolescents is therefore a key in decreasing the HIV burden. This thesis aims to assist in the design of trials by simulating the potential outcomes of a combination prevention trial in adolescents. We develop a stochastic individual-based model stratified by sex and age. We then use this model to determine the impact of various prevention packages on HIV incidence among adolescents participating in a hypothetical trial over a three year period. The trial that is simulated involves an intervention arm, in which adolescents are offered a choice of a prevention methods (including medical male circumcision (MMC), oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and antiretroviral-based vaginal microbicides (ARV-VM)), and a control arm. We predict that the impact of a full prevention package on HIV incidence would be a 46% per personyear( PPY) (95% CI 45–47%) risk reduction. The combination of MMC and PrEP has a substantial impact on HIV incidence in males, with a 51% PPY (95% CI 49–53%) relative risk of HIV infection. Offering women the choice of PrEP, a microbicide gel or a microbicide in the form of a vaginal ring would be less effective, with a 57% PPY (95% CI 56–58%) relative risk of HIV acquisition. This is not substantially different from the relative risk estimated when the vaginal ring alone is offered, as the ring is assumed to be the most accept able of the three prevention methods. We determine a sample size requirement of approximately 1013 in each arm of a trial would achieve 80% power to detect a statistically significant reduction in HIV risk. We find that the relative risk is sensitive to the assumed degree of correlation between condom use and the acceptability of the prevention method. We also find that the most efficient trial design may be to offer both MMC and PrEP to males but to offer only a microbicide ring to females. Further work is required to better understand the processes by which adolescent prevention method choices are made.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Adolessente word beskou as ‘n hoe risiko groep in Suid Afrika, met die hoogste menslike immuniteitsgebrekvirus (MIV) insidensie in hierdie groep. Voorkoming van MIV onder adolessente is daarom noodsaaklik om die MIV las te verminder. Die doel van hierdie tesis is om te help met die ontwerp van studies deur die moontlike uitkomste van ‘n kombinasie-voorkoming studie in adolessente te simuleer. Ons het ‘n stogastiese individu-gebaseerde model, gestratifiseer met betrekking tot seks en ouderdom, ontwikkel. Ons het toe die model gebruik om die impak van ‘n verskeinheid van voorkomingspakette op MIV insidensie onder adolessente wat deelneem aan ‘n hipotetiese proef oor ‘n drie jaar periode, te bepaal. Die proef wat gesimuleer word behels a intervensie groep, waarin die jong volwassenes ‘n keuse van voorbehoedings metodes (insluitende mediese manlike besnydenis (MMB), pre-blootstelling profilakse (PrBP) en anti-retrovirale vaginale mikrobisiedes (ARV-VM)) aangebied word, en ‘n kontrole groep. Ons voorspel dat die impak van ‘n volle voorkomingspaket op MIV insidensie ‘n 46% per persoon-jaar (PPJ) (95% VI 47–47%) risiko vermindering sal wees. Die kombinasie van MMB en PrBP het ‘n substansiele impak op MIV insidensie onder mans, met ‘n relatiewe risiko van MIV infeksie van 51% PPJ (95% VI 49–53%). Om die keuse van PrBP, ‘n mikrobisiede gel of ‘n mikrobisiede in die vorm van ‘n vaginale ring aan vrouens te bied, is minder effektief, met ‘n relatiewe risiko van MIV infeksie van 57% PPJ (95% VI 56%–58%). Hierdie verskil nie substansieel van die beraamde relatiewe risiko in die geval waar slegs die vaginale ring gebied word nie, aangesien daar aanvaar word dat die ring die mees aanvaarde van die drie voorkomingsmetodes is. Ons het bepaal dat ‘n steekproef van ongeveer 1013 individue in elke arm van die proef nodig is om ‘n 80% kans te he om ‘n statisties betekenisvolle afname in MIV-risiko te bespeur. Ons vind dat die relatiewe risiko sensitief is tot die aanvaarde graad van die korrelasies tussen kondoom-gebruik en die aanvaarding van die voorkomings metodes. Ons het ook gevind dat dit mag wees dat die mees doeltreffende proef ontwerp is om beide MMB en PrBP vir mans en slegs ‘n mikrobisiede ring vir vrouens te bied. Verdere werk word benodig om die prosesse waarby jong volwassenes keuses maak oor voorkomingsmetodes te verstaan.
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Herling, Allison M. "The pursuit of bright futures : delayed sexual debut, declining HIV prevalence, and the social construction of sexual attitudes, values, and norms among adolescents in Uganda." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/29711.
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Uganda has experienced the largest decline of HIV prevalence of any country in the
world, from a peak of 15% in 1991 to 5% today. In cooperation with community-based
and faith-based organizations, the Ugandan government has pursued an AIDS
prevention strategy centered on urging people to Abstain from sex, Be faithful to one
partner, or use Condoms (the so-called ABC model). It is believed that the large drop
in AIDS prevalence has been due to behavior change, especially reduction of number
of sexual partners among adults and abstinence and delayed sexual debut among
youth. The purpose of this study was to conduct a qualitative investigation of
Ugandan adolescent's attitudes and values towards relationships and sexuality, and
the ways in which their social environment sends messages and creates perceived
norms which shape sexual behavior, especially the behavior of abstinence. Focus
groups were conducted with youth between the ages of 13 and 16 years in the districts
of Soroti and Masaka. Youth discussed reasons for having relationships, both platonic
and sexual; the benefits and risks of relationships; the proper age for boys and girls to
initiate sexual relationships; messages they have received regarding sexuality and
perceptions of family, peer, and community norms; and values regarding ideal sexual
behavior. Youth expressed that the right age to begin having sex is 18 years and
above, so that sex does not interfere with education and cause other adverse
consequences such as early pregnancy, family strife, and infection with HIV/AIDS.Graduation date: 2005
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Atujuna, Millicent. "A comparative analysis of the effect of self-perceived risk of HIV/AIDS on the adoption of safer sex practices as a preventive measure for HIV/AIDS among adolescents : Uganda and South Africa." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3994.
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This work examines sexual behavioural change and the likely predisposing factors in the era of HIV/AIDS among young adults in Uganda and South Africa. It explores the potential role of young adults' self-perceived risk of HIV infection in sexual behavioural decisions regarding adoption of safe sex practices, in particular 'use of condoms' and 'limiting number of sexual partners '. This work further recognises that Uganda and South Africa are countries with social, cultural, economic, and political contexts, which contexts have been described by many as inextricably linked with sexual behaviour, and which often determine the choices young adults make regarding sexual activity. These are therefore examined. In order to achieve this, a rigorous examination and analysis of self-perceived risk of HIV/AIDS in relation to societal factors was done to determine which variables of the two categories best explains sexual behaviour. This is placed in the context of young female adults between the ages of 15 to 24 in Uganda and South Africa. The formulation of this study, which places emphasis on examining the potential role of self-perceived risk of HIV/AIDS as a predisposing factor for sexual behavioural change, and in Uganda and South Africa is based on a number of aspects as highlighted below: • That both Uganda and South Africa at one point or another were and/or are faced with high prevalence levels of HIV/AIDS; • That both have and/or are yet to be faced with high mortality, which is HIV/AIDS related and such profound consequences will/or have had inadvertent effects on individual, both socially and economically. In some respects, this has also affected individual perceptions regarding HIV infection; • Recognition that the progression of HIV/AIDS in Uganda was much faster than in South Africa, and this meant higher prevalence, higher mortality rates, which then triggered both government and non-governmental response towards preventing further spread. Since these factors are beginning to emerge in South Africa, one therefore asks the question as to whether the pandemic will take similar trends as those reported in Uganda. This would also enable the identification of similarities and differences in the likely determinants of sexual behavior considering these countries have different backgrounds; • In both countries, education programmes have been rigorous and that the level of awareness is at a point that would enable sexual behavioural change to occur; • A recognition that in Uganda, as shown in a number of reports and existing literature, the prevalence of HIV has declined and for this reason, it has become imperative to try and examine the likely factors leading to reduced HIV/AIDS prevalence, and to compare with what is happening in South Africa. This would enable the examination of any possible lessons that could be learnt in the reduction of the prevalence in South Africa. In the quest to achieve the set goals, a number of steps were undertaken which included looking at available literature and more importantly analysing two sets of Demographic Health Survey (DHS) data. The South Africa Demographic Health Survey of 1998 (SADHS) and the Ugandan Demographic Health Survey (UDHS) of 2000/1. All young female adults between the ages of 15 to 24 were selected from both data sets. 3,229 and 4,559 young female adults were selected in Uganda and South Africa respectively leading to a total sample size of 7,688. Findings showed that self-perceived risk of HIV/AIDS was one of the factors that did impact on sexual behaviour. This was more prominent in Uganda and less so in South Africa. Other factors found to affect sexual behaviour included age of respondent, socio-cultural and to a small extent, socio-economic factors. The conclusion that can be drawn from this work shows clearly that self-perceived risk of HIV/AIDS is an important factor determining sexual behaviour, but also shows that some societal variables are important. Therefore, in the face of HIV/AIDS and with increased levels of number of people experiencing deaths due to AIDS, selfperceived risk of HIV/AIDS is a factor worth considering when looking at sexual behaviour. As part of the recommendations, education programmes yet to be formulated should take into account the effect of HIV and AIDS on sexual behavioural change.Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.
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Kamanzi, Desire G. "The implementation and outcomes of a voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) programme in a secondary school in Kigali, Rwanda." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8171.
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Schools reach further into communities of young people than any other institutions, and therefore, they are critical for reducing the HIV and AIDS vulnerability and risk among this age group (UNESCO, 2002). Therefore, if the schools are to be used as an entry point for prevention activities, it is important to have a clear idea of the current level of knowledge, attitudes and behaviour with regard to HIV/AIDS. A quasi-experimental design was adopted for this study. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected during the period between June and October 2004 to establish baseline knowledge and behaviour. A total number of 613 respondents participated in this study. Two groups, an experimental and a control group with equal number (306) of pupils in each were established by drawing a random sample of 51 respondents per school from 12 secondary schools in Kigali. However, an extra respondent from one school was noted. A selfadministered questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data whereas qualitative data was generated by asking each respondent to write any concerns or experiences with HIV/AIDS on a piece of paper. All respondents (n= 613) expressed their thoughts anonymously and freely on these papers. Furthermore, focus groups and interviews were conducted with some key informants amongst the respondents who were especially the leaders of Anti-AIDS clubs and student managers from schools or counselling session organizers at Kacyiru Health Centre. These were particularly Anti-AIDS club leaders and/or active club members. After a baseline assessment, a phased intervention (sensitization, pre-test counselling, testing, post-test counselling and follow-up) were implemented with the experimental group. This process was described, identifying all barriers to implementation. Finally a second measurement concerning both groups took place. During the baseline measurement, respondents were more concerned about their reproductive health issues rather than HIV/AIDS as a specific topic. With regard to HIV/AIDS transmission, however, the following was found: high awareness, many misconceptions about HIV/AIDS transmission and almost half of respondents have had sexual intercourse. Unprotected sexual intercourse was also reported. A summary of reasons given for having sexual intercourse is: experience, curiosity, peer pressure, partner empathy, monetary gain, and coercion. A sensitization phase prior to the testing sessions resulted in a large number of respondents (434) attending Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) services, the main intervention for this study which took place in a Health Centre. Only twelve respondents (3%) tested HIV positive while five respondents (1%) tested syphilis positive. Although the immediate coping with test results for all respondents was successfully dealt with, the findings from this study indicate some difficulties with regard to the management of individual respondents who tested positive. The strong emphasis on anonymity during the study did not allow the researcher to follow-up all respondents who tested positive. All steps were successfully implemented according to this study model. In spite of certain problems encountered in terms of access to schools, there was nothing insurmountable during the VCT implementation process. After the intervention, a large number of respondents showed a high HIV/AIDS awareness, expressed willingness to change their behaviours, and a willingness to advocate for VCT amongst their peers. The follow-up sessions and the quantitative data at the second measurement and especially statistical analysis carried out did not indicate a significant difference in the sexual behaviour of respondents. However, a significant difference was found when comparing the knowledge of the two groups on HIV/AIDS's physiological effects and transmission. Finally, recommendations and Best Practice Guidelines were established with regard to further research and the implementation of VCT in secondary schools.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2006
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Jimoh, Morayo Ayopo. "Exploring Nigerian adolescent students perceptions of HIV/AIDS and their attitudes to prevention methods : a psycho of educational perspective." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3037.
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The quantitative study focuses on the perceptions of Nigerian adolescent students to HIV/AIDS and their attitudes to prevention methods. From the literature reviewed it was ascertained that adolescent students do have positive and optimistic perceptions of HIV/AIDS, and also adequate knowledge, but this has not translated into positive attitudes to prevention methods.
The literature also indicated that peer group pressure, parental control and the mass media are some variables that probably influence adolescents’ sexual behaviour.
This researcher developed the ‘Adolescent Students’ Perception of HIV/AIDS and Attitude to Prevention Methods Questionnaire’ to solicit information from the adolescent students. The results were coded and duly analysed.
The results from the empirical study indicated that Nigerian adolescent students have positive perceptions regarding HIV/AIDS, as well as positive attitudes to prevention methods.
Recommendations were made for curriculum experts, educators and parents based on current research methods.Psychology of Education
Thesis (D. Ed. (Psychology of Education)
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Nkuna, Tintswalo. "Maternal attitudes of black women towards condom usage by their teenagers in light of HIV and AIDS." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/13156.
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Iraka, Timothy Atwine. "An analysis of HIV/AIDS policy development and implimentation at two Ugandan Universities." Diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4968.
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Title on printed copy differs slightly from ETD. Title on printed copy: A critical analysis of HIV/AIDS policy development and implementation at selected Ugandan universitiesThe main objectives of the study were to analyse the process involved in HIV/AIDS policy development and implementation at two selected universities in Uganda. The rationale for the study was to describe the policy development process and to identify how such institutional policies can be planned, operationalised, monitored and evaluated. The study used a qualitative approach which involved key informant interviews and focus group discussions. The selected institutions were Makerere University Kampala (MUK)and Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST). The findings show that MUST have a comprehensive HIV/AIDS Institutional Policy (HIP) which followed several stages during policy development. The basic stages identified were policy formulation, policy adoption, policy implementation and policy evaluation. The findings also show that MUST have a comprehensive implementation plan. In contrast, MUK had no record of the HIV/AIDS institutional policy development process. However, MUK had implemented the policy successfully through the University Hospital and Gender Mainstreaming Division.
Social Work
M.A. (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV/AIDS)
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Ezeahurukwe, Julia Onyekwere. "Attitudes of young people aged 15-25 years towards the "ABC" strategy in the prevention of HIV/AIDS in Francistown, Botswana." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4927.
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A quantitative, descriptive and comparative study was conducted to determine the
attitudes of young people aged 15-25 years towards the “ABC” strategy in the
prevention of HIV/AIDS in Francistown, Botswana. Differences between two age
groups and gender were determined. Structured questionnaire was used and 241
young people participated in the study. Data were analysed with SPSS version 13.0,
guided by the Health Belief Model. The findings revealed that young people did not
perceive the seriousness and severity of the HIV/AIDS when it came to the practice of
“ABC” strategy. Young people’s cue to action was very high but their confidence to
adopt and practice the “ABC” strategy were low. They had adequate knowledge of the
benefits of abstinence and condoms but they perceived barriers towards the use of
condom. The differences between the two age groups, 15-19 and 20-25 years and
between the males and females were not statistically significant.Public Health
M.A. (Public Health)
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Kwili, Montseng. "Knowledge, attitudes and sexual behaviours regarding HIV/AIDS among adolescents at a rural secondary school in the Eastern Cape." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1363.
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AIDS is a syndrome that affects millions of South Africans. Adolescents have been regarded as a potential high-risk group with regard to HIV infection due to their increased sexual activity. Changing behaviour, even that of adolescents, who are just beginning to experience and experiment with their sexuality is perhaps the biggest challenge facing HIV / AIDS prevention in South Africa. There is an urgent need for more knowledge and information on adolescent sexuality, and their knowledge of and attitudes towards HIV / AIDS that can impact intervention programmes. The aim of this research was to examine knowledge, attitudes and behaviours regarding HIV / AIDS among adolescents at a rural Junior Secondary School in the Eastern Cape. The study used both qualitative and quantitative methodology. The participants were grade 7 to 9 learners at the school; 46 males, and 74 females (n=120). The research instrument used was an anonymous self-report questionnaire. Data on behavior was gathered through 9 open-ended questions. Findings revealed that adolescents had higher-level knowledge about AIDS although there were also misconceptions. Their attitudes were both negative and positive. Data on reported behaviours revealed that most learners have changed their behaviours, 90% reported that they would use a condom to prevent the spread of the disease and, they indicated that a person should have one partner. It is recommended that a programme be developed to educate adolescents about sexuality in an objective and factual manner. Outsiders, not necessarily teachers should be used to implement such programmes, and the programmes should be adaptable to any circumstances, as not all schools have the facilities to their disposal like videos and films.Thesis (M.Ed.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2004.
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Mudaly, Ronicka. "Empowering secondary school learners to explore risk perceptions and the role of gender among young people in the context of HIV/AIDS." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1393.
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The challenge that confronts South Africa 's emerging democracy is that an increasing percentage of
its population is being infected with HIV/AIDS daily . The socio-political impact of the disease has
resulted in the development of a variety of macro-level interventions. Despite these initiatives, there
has been no decline in the spread of the epidemic. The increasing prevalence of HIV infection
among young South Africans in particular, has necessitated an exploration into their risky sexual
behaviour. A closer study of the social fields of practice, where knowledge is not only produced,
but is constantly contested, negotiated, reproduced and embedded, is suggested.
This study uses the principles of feminist theory to focus on gender roles and the related issues of
power and risky behaviour. The central argument of this work is that the traditional construction of
sexuality, which encourages sexual aggression and promiscuity among young men, alongside
female sexual passivity and ignorance, are gendered factors which fuel the spread of HIV/AIDS . In
order to examine young peoples' perceptions of the role of gender and risky behaviour, I engaged
young people, who were already in the field, to conduct the research.
An exploration into the processes of enabling young people to conduct research, while linking the
production of meaning to the possibility of human agency and transformative social action, formed
an evolving methodology in this work. The research was designed to provide young people with a
space for active engagement, participation, immersion and reflection, en route to becoming researchers. Young researchers who conducted research in their youth communities served as deep insider researchers, who possessed an awareness of the slogan systems and semiotics which operated
within the cultural norms of the community. The young researchers conducted the inquiry by using
a multiplicity of methods, which included visual methodologies, individual interviews and
questionnaires. They solicited most of the data from a wider group of 15 to 19 year old African and
Indian learners . These learners, who were mainly from a lower socio-economic background,
attended the co-educational school, in the province ofKwaZulu Natal in South Africa.
The findings of this study reveal how young researchers become empowered by acquiring increased
competence in doing research and achieving a greater understanding of the influences of gender and power on risky behaviour. The research report offers methodological insights into the training and enablement of young people
as researchers. It reveals how catalytic validity enables a transformation in the young researchers,
who, having achieved a heightened understanding of the purpose of the research , actively
participated in the research process. The study is significant because it reveals the gradual
effacement of the main researcher from the research process, as a natural consequence of engaging
young researchers to solicit, generate and interpret data. These new insights evolved as a result of
taking the risk of allowing oneself, as a main researcher, to "get off track" and to enter uneven
social spaces by doing research differently.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2006.
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Gqamane, Velile. "Assessing knowledge, attitudes and practices of boys and young men with regard to the prevention of pregnancy and HIV infection." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4352.
Full textAbstract:
This paper focuses on boys and young men's attitudes, knowledge and practices with regard to pregnancy and HIV infection. The objective of the study is to ascertain how boys and young men perceive the risks of pregnancy and HIV infection. The study further investigates the strategies which the sexually active respondents considered as appropriate, practical and effective in coping with these risks. The study was based on the secondary data which was extracted from the transitions to adulthood survey conducted in KwaZulu Natal during 2001. The analysis was restricted to young men aged 14 to 24 years. The major findings from the study revealed that young men did not perceive themselves at risk of HIV infection. Overall, respondents were fairly knowledgeable about HIV/AIDS and knew where to access condoms, how HIV is contracted or transmitted etc. Findings also indicated that many respondents regarded pregnancy as a matter of great
concern. Many respondents perceived pregnancy as highly problematic and were concerned to protect themselves against this risk. The major finding for this study revealed that the majority of sexually active young men used condoms for preventing both pregnancy and HIV/AIDS; while some also used various contraceptive methods to prevent pregnancy. A major factor promoting consistent condom use was the perception of pregnancy as highly problematic.Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2006.
26
Knispel, Susanne 1971. "Christliche AIDS pravention unter ghanaischen Jugendlichen : eine praktisch-theologische Studie uber Chancen und Grenzen christlicher Curricula." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/5883.
Full textAbstract:
The global AIDS pandemic with more than 30 million people being infected, with the
greatest impact in sub-Saharan Africa, remains an enormous challenge to all societies
including the churches. Especially young Africans, aged 15 to 24, face a high risk of
getting infected with HIV. However, multifaceted and contextual preventive measures for
this age group have good chances of curbing the epidemic. This dissertation in Practical
Theology attempts to explore the potential contribution of Christian curriculum-based
AIDS prevention in the Ghanaian context. It does this by relating practical-theological
insights to the lifeworld of young people in Ghana. Thus the specific opportunities and
limitations of Christian prevention programmes are identified. Their relevance for religious
education in Ghana is finally examined in three exemplary curricula with Christian and
secular approaches. The findings result in practical recommendations for the design of
Christian AIDS prevention programmes within the Ghanaian context.Practical theology
D. Th. (Practical Theology)
27
Mugisha, Emmanuel. "Delivery and utilisation of voluntary HIV counselling and testing services among fishing communities in Uganda." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2954.
Full textAbstract:
The study explored, described and explained the current models of voluntary counselling and testing services delivery and analysed the extent to which a given VCT model had influenced uptake of VCT services in the fishing communities along the shores of Lake Victoria, in Wakiso District, with an aim of designing optimal VCT service delivery strategies. The study was therefore exploratory, descriptive and explanatory, and collected both qualitative and quantitative data in a three-phased approach. Phase I involved the Kasenyi fishing community respondents, while phases II and III involved VCT managers and VCT counsellors at the Entebbe and Kisubi Hospitals.
The findings indicated that VCT services are generally available onsite at health facilities, and in the field through mobile VCT outreach or home-based VCT services provided at clients’ homes. Both client-initiated and health provider-initiated VCT services are available and services are integrated with other health services. Despite the availability of VCT, only about half of the respondents in phase I had accessed VCT services although almost all indicated a willingness to undergo HIV testing in the near future. The main challenges to service delivery and utilisation included limited funding and staffing as well as limited awareness in target communities. The strategies drawn are based on the need to increase availability, accessibility, acceptability and utilisation of VCT services.Health Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)
28
Mauzi, Mariam. "HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes, sources of information and beliefs of high school students in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5001.
Full textAbstract:
This descriptive survey was carried out to gather information that could be used to assist in the
development of an HIV/AIDS educational program as a way to promote adolescents' health and
prevent diseases in the United Arab Emirates. The study examines the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs
and sources of information of high school students in Sharjah city regarding HIV/AIDS. Anonymous
questionnaire with five sections: demographics, HIV/AIDS knowledge, sources of information,
attitudes and beliefs was administered to 12th grade high school students from four schools in Sharjah.
Analysis of findings showed that 87 percent of students knew that AIDS affects the body's immune
system and 68 .5 percent knew that it is not inherited .The majority of students were aware of
relationship between drug abuse and HIV/AIDS. However, students lacked information in some areas
as HIV/AIDS transmission routes. There was generally a negative attitude towards HIV/AIDS infected
people. This was shown in students' responses to some statements that AIDS was "a punishment for
those infected for their immoral acts". Moreover, students expressed unwillingness to live with
HIV/AIDS infected people. Students were positive in applying prevention, facilitating proper
treatment for the diseased and believed that HIV/AIDS education in schools is a necessity. Their
HIV/AIDS sources of information were mainly from written materials (journals, newspapers and
books). It was concluded that, generally, students in this study had a good knowledge, and some
positive attitudes about AIDS. However, the concerns they expressed in relation to their fears of
sharing, or living with HIV/AIDS infected individuals, and some of their beliefs, need to be addressed
more in the education prevention programs. Students need to be more knowledgeable about
HIV/AIDS prevention. They indicated desires for more knowledge, especially as they become aware
of the increasing risk of HIV/AIDS among adolescents in the Emirates.Thesis (M.Cur.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2002
29
Assenga, Evelyne Neema. "Factors influencing young people's preventive actions against human immunodeficiency virus infections in Tanzania." Diss., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3861.
Full textAbstract:
This study identified factors influencing the practice of HIV prevention behaviours amongst Tanzania youths. Structured interviews with in-school youths (n=222) and out-of school youths (n=150); and focus groups discussions with 25 youths were conducted to collect data.
Although the level of HIV/AIDS awareness was 97.6% and 58.5% of the youths had positive attitudes towards HIV prevention, only 50.8% practised at least one mode of HIV prevention. Factors which promoted HIV prevention practices included positive attitudes towards specific preventive behaviours and the individual’s self-efficacy to enact such behaviours. The barriers against the practice of HIV prevention behaviours included the lack of comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS and HIV prevention, socio-economic issues such as unemployment, influx of mobile populations, loss of cultural values, negative social norms, peer pressure, alcohol abuse and the lack of adequate HIV preventive services.Health Studies
M.A. (Public Health)
30
Pather, Riashnee. "Condom use among adolescents in KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5059.
Full textAbstract:
High rates of adolescent fertility and HIV/AIDS prevalence reflect the significant levels of
unprotected adolescent sexual activity in South Africa. Although knowledge and positive
attitudes towards condoms are widespread, this has not translated into consistent use of
the contraceptive method. This is a worrying situation since condoms are widely being
promoted as the best means of dual protection. This dissertation sought to analyse the
hypothesis that certain personal characteristics, knowledge and attitudes affect actual
condom use. Information and results were based on data from two waves of the
Transitions Study, conducted between 2000 and 2001 . Much of the analysis contained in
this work was carried out by way of frequencies and cross-tabulations. Binary logistic
regression was employed to determine how various factors affected actual condom use.
The results of the analysis suggested that age is highly significant in affecting behaviour
and this relationship becomes more pronounced with the increase in age. Older
respondents, particularly females, were less likely to have used condoms at their last
sexual encounter with their most recent sexual partner. Attitudes also proved to be
highly significant in determining the probability of condom use.Thesis (M.Dev.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.
31
Govender, Dhanasagree. "Perceptions of young Indian adolescents in Chatsworth, towards HIV and AIDS." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/22275.
Full textAbstract:
Text in EnglishAim: The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions’ of young Indian adolescents in Chatsworth, towards HIV and AIDS. Methods: An interpretative phenomenological analysis design was used. The participants were selected using judgemental purposive sampling. Nine participants were interviewed. The sample size was determined by data saturation. Data was collected through individual interviews guided by an interview schedule. The interpretative phenomenological analysis framework for data analysis was used for data analysis. Results: The study revealed that participants were well informed about HIV and AIDS. Participants reported disinterest in HIV prevention programmes due to inundation with repetitive information; disinterested attitudes of facilitators of these programme as well as fear of social stigmatisation. The misconceptions that were highlighted were related to very little personal contact with people living with HIV and AIDS. Conclusions and Recommendations: These findings have revealed that there is a need for a revision in HIV/AIDS prevention programme. The HIV/AIDS school programmes should be contextual relevant to learners from diverse backgrounds and communities.
Health Studies
M.A. (Nursing Science)
32
VanSpronsen, Amanda Dianne. "The Peer Context: Relationship Analysis to Inform Peer Education Programs in Fort Portal, Uganda." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/771.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Alberta, 2009.A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Population Health, Department of Public Health Sciences. Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on November 8, 2009). Includes bibliographical references.
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Coetzee, Helena. "Individual and socio-cultural factors contributing to the spread of the HIV and AIDS pan-demic among adolescents: a socio-educative perspective." Diss., 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2347.
Full textAbstract:
The global spread of HIV and Aids has greatly exceeded the most pessimistic
projections. Infection rates are not declining and human tragedy is escalating. South Africa is a nation in mourning. If one is not infected, one is affected. Notwithstanding the catastrophic effects that are already being experienced, the full consequences of the pandemic seem yet to be felt.
Developmental psychology and ecological systems theory were used in this study to examine the research problem. It has become necessary to determine the level of knowledge that adolescents have of HIV and Aids and whether Life Skills programmes stimulate any change in behaviour. This initially took the form of a quantitative study in which questionnaires were administered. A combination of quantitative and qualitative research (focus group interviews) was applied for verification. The goals of the research were achieved, providing valuable findings, confirming that there has been no behaviour change and adolescent knowledge remains inadequate. South African adolescents have insufficient knowledge of responsible sexual behaviour.
Recommendations with regard to the content and course of the programme as well as further research are formulated as a result of the conclusions.Educational Studies
M.Ed. (Socio-Education)
34
Gatta, Abraham Alemayehu. "Knowledge and attitude towards voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) services among adolescent high school students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/6301.
Full textAbstract:
Voluntary HIV counselling and testing (VHCT) is one of the key strategies in the prevention of HIV in Ethiopia. However, utilization of the VHCT services among adolescents has been reported as low by previous studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate adolescents’ knowledge and attitudes towards VHCT services among adolescents attending high school in Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia. A cross-sectional school-based design using quantitative methods was employed to attain the objectives of the study. Data collection was done using self-administered structured questionnaires among 378 adolescent high school students. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings revealed that 75.7% of students are aware of the voluntary HIV counselling and testing services; 62.2% use the services and suggested that VHCT services should be located in schools and youth clubs for better access by adolescents. Thirty-two percent of respondents rated themselves at risk of HIV infection and 35.2% were not willing to disclose their HIV positive status to anybody. The findings of the study clearly indicate a need for a more accessible voluntary HIV counselling and testing services for adolescents.Health Studies
M.A. (Public Health)
35
Zanga, Bitchong Beatrice Virginie. "Knowledge, attitudes and risk behaviours of adolescent girls in relation with HIV/AIDS and condom use in Catholic schools in Manzini." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13604.
Full textAbstract:
descriptive correlational study aiming at describing the knowledge, attitude and risk behavior of adolescents in relation to HIV/AIDS in one “girls only” Catholic school of Manzini. Structured self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data from 260 respondents aged 12 to 19 years.
Although only 22.31% respondents indicated been tested for HIV, (83.08%) would like to take an HIV test. Hospital and clinic are mostly known by respondents for providing HIV testing. Most respondents expressed lack of confidence in getting partners wear condoms. 16 (6.15%) have engaged in sex and 5 (6.10 %) were raped. No statistically significant difference was noted between condom use during sexual intercourse for both participants who were raped and those who consented to sex (P value = 0.6538). Future youth health programs should focus on building confidence of youth in accessing condom, discussing condom issues with their partners and make their partners wear condomsHealth Studies
M.A. (Public Health)
36
Bitchong, Beatrice Virginie Zanga. "Knowledge, attitudes and risk behaviours of adolescent girls in relation with HIV/AIDS and condom use in Catholic schools in Manzini." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13604.
Full textAbstract:
descriptive correlational study aiming at describing the knowledge, attitude and risk behavior of adolescents in relation to HIV/AIDS in one “girls only” Catholic school of Manzini. Structured self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data from 260 respondents aged 12 to 19 years.
Although only 22.31% respondents indicated been tested for HIV, (83.08%) would like to take an HIV test. Hospital and clinic are mostly known by respondents for providing HIV testing. Most respondents expressed lack of confidence in getting partners wear condoms. 16 (6.15%) have engaged in sex and 5 (6.10 %) were raped. No statistically significant difference was noted between condom use during sexual intercourse for both participants who were raped and those who consented to sex (P value = 0.6538). Future youth health programs should focus on building confidence of youth in accessing condom, discussing condom issues with their partners and make their partners wear condomsHealth Studies
37
Tarkang, Elvis Enowbeyang. "Knowledge, attitudes and perception regarding HIV/AIDS and sexual behaviours among senior secondary school learners in kumba, Cameroon." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3899.
Full textAbstract:
This study’s purpose was to explore the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions regarding HIV/AIDS and condom use, and sexual behaviours among senior secondary school learners in Kumba, Cameroon using the Health Belief Model (HBM) as the theoretical framework. The ultimate goal was to determine how at risk learners were of contracting HIV/AIDS.
A quantitative, non-experimental descriptive, explorative and correlational research design was adapted; using self-designed questionnaires for data collection. Respondents were sampled through proportionally stratified simple random sampling resulting in 480 (240 male and 240 female) grade 10 to grade 12 learners from two participating high schools. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated using the SPSS version 12 software program.
Most learners were knowledgeable about HIV transmission; the prevention of HIV/AIDS; and sexual risk behaviours pertaining to HIV transmission. Learners also manifested positive attitudes towards PLWHA. Most learners did not perceive themselves to be at high risk of contracting HIV/AIDS. Up to 52,3% who were sexually active, only 30,0% used condoms consistently.
The respondents knew about condoms, but had poor attitudes towards condom use. Most respondents received information on HIV/AIDS, condoms and sexuality from magazines/newspapers and teachers.
The findings could assist policy makers, programme planners and educators in developing and implementing programmes to improve the health of adolescents. The perceived barriers to condom use and modifying factors should be addressed into consideration in designing any policy geared towards controlling risk exposure to HIV/AIDS among youths in Kumba, Cameroon.
38
Boopa, Mafusi Claurana. "Adherence to antiretroviral therapy by adolescents in Maseru : influencing factors and social work support." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21680.
Full textAbstract:
Adherence to long-term medications has remained a problem among adolescents worldwide. Antiretroviral therapy adherence is a wide-reaching challenge among HIV positive adolescents. The aim of this study is to explore and describe poor ART adherence among HIV positive adolescents in Maseru: influential factors and the need of social work support.
Qualitative approach was used, following an explorative, descriptive and contextual research design. The research was conducted at BCMCOE Lesotho. Data was collected by using semi-structured in-depth interviews and purposive sampling was applied to select a sample of adolescents who are HIV positive and who have poor adherence to ART. Data was analysed according to the framework provided by Tesch (in Creswell 2003). Guba’s model (in Krefting 1991) was employed for data verification. Conclusions were drawn and recommendations were made about factors influencing adherence of adolescents to ART and support needed from social workers.Social Work
M.A.(S.S.)
39
Tagwireyi, Laurence. "An exploration of adolescents' knowledge of HIV/AIDS and its influence on sexual behaviour: the case of a high school in Johannesburg, South Africa." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/14489.
Full textAbstract:
Aims: The study was aimed at exploring adolescents‟ level of knowledge of HIV/AIDS and the influence this knowledge has on their sexual behaviour. Methods: In total, 20 in- depth interviews were conducted from a group of 20 (both males and females) secondary school learners. The interviews were audio taped with consent from participants. Results: The results of the study showed that participants possess basic knowledge of HIV/AIDS, including methods of prevention and transmission. No serious misconceptions about modes of transmission of HIV were found in this study. Although, participants reported condom use, no sexual intercourse with multiple concurrent partners and no intergenerational sexual relationships, the findings revealed some risk factors such as early sexual debuts, early dating, multiple sexual partnerships. Conclusions: The aforesaid sexual behaviours and the sexual activeness among learners is a cause for angst. Thus, these findings highlighted the need for a comprehensive approach to sexual reproductive health education by all interested parties in order to enhance and sustain behaviour change among young people.Health Studies
M.A. (Public Health)
40
Wilson, Alyssa Courtney Prien. "The impact of sexual coercion and violence on sexual decision- making : a look at youth in KwaZulu Natal." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4835.
Full text
41
Jena, Pretty Patience. "Exploring the lived experiences of adolescents living with vertically acquired HIV." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/15413.
Full textAbstract:
This qualitative study explored the lived experiences of adolescents living with vertically acquired HIV receiving treatment, care and support services at Dora Nginza Wellness clinic, in Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
Six adolescents living with vertically acquired HIV (four females and two males) between the ages of 16-17 years participated in in-depth semi-structured open-ended individual interviews. Tesch’s (1990) method of data analysis for qualitative research was used to analyse the interviews.
Adolescents that participated in the study spoke widely about the outlook on their illness and their lives both in the past and present. They depicted fear, anxiety, pain and sadness in their lived experiences. They were anxious about their own death and had experienced illness and death of parents, siblings and close relatives due to HIV and AIDS. They described painful and traumatic life events related to their illness which included knowing their own HIV status and severe health problems and hospitalisations. They all learnt about their HIV status in early adolescence and choose not to disclose their status to people outside the family due to fear of rejection, stigma and discrimination. Taking ARVs was challenging to the participants due to side effects and strict medication schedules. Their school attendance and performance was affected by their illness. Family was an important resource of support. The participants had good experiences of HIV treatment at the Wellness clinic.
The findings suggest that adolescents living with vertically acquired HIV faced a number of challenges in dealing with their disease and its treatment. They need intensive care and support services that enhance their positive self, facilitate self-disclosure and decrease and discourage stigma and discrimination at school and within their communities.Health Studies
M.A. (Social Behavioural Studies in HIV/AIDS)
42
Oyewale, Tajudeen Oyeyemi. "HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitude among teachers in Abuja, Nigeria." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2125.
Full textAbstract:
The study sought to describe HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitude among teachers in Abuja, Nigeria. The study noted that teachers were knowledgeable about HIV/AIDS and poor HIV/AIDS attitude persist. Among the respondents, statistically significant relationship exist between education qualification and knowledge of MTCT of HIV during pregnancy; between geographic location and the knowledge to clarify misconception about HIV transmission; between gender and the knowledge of condom use; and between the receipt of HIV/AIDS information or training on FLHE curriculum and the procedural knowledge of discussing / teaching sexuality and HIV/AIDS issues with fellow teachers or students. However, there is no statistical significant relationship between the teachings of HIV/AIDS issues and the feeling that HIV/AIDS education promotes sexual promiscuity.Health Studies
MA (Public Health)
43
Furry, Daba Banne. "Intervention strategies for the reduction of sexual risk practices among adolescents in Ethiopia." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20291.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND: Studies done in both developed and developing countries have reported the tendencies of adolescents to engage in risky behaviours. Such behaviours include indulging in early and unsafe sexual activities, having multiple sexual partners, alcohol and drug use and dropping out of school among others.
PURPOSE: The main aim of the study was to develop intervention strategies for reducing sexual risk practices among adolescents in Ethiopia.
METHODS: A mixed method approach using quantitative and qualitative approaches was employed in order to investigate the risks of sexual practices among urban and rural adolescents in the selected area. A cross-sectional survey was used to gather data quantitatively and focus group discussions were used for the qualitative part of data collection.
A total of 449 students and 72 FGD participants were selected for quantitative and qualitative study respectively using systematic random sampling technique. Logistic regression was done to identify possible factors associated with knowledge on emergency contraceptive, condom utilisation, pre-marital sex practices and perception of risky sexual practices.
RESULTS: One hundred and seventy (37.9%) respondents had experienced sexual intercourse at the time of the study. The higher proportion (42.6%) of those who had
engaged in sexual relationships was from the rural school compared to 33.1% in the urban schools. The proportion of sexually active respondents was higher among males (44.8%) compared to (29%) females. Multiple partners were higher in rural adolescents (44.7%) compared to 31.8% among urban adolescents. Sexually Transmitted Diseases were reported by 28.6% of the sexually active adolescents and the prevalence was higher among males (73.5%) compared to 27% females. 87% of the sexually active adolescents rarely used a condom.
CONCLUSION: The study identified a knowledge gap on ASRH which limited adolescents to access reproductive services. Social, cultural and economic factors contributed to adolescent engagement in risky sexual behaviours. Based on the major findings of this study, intervention strategies targeting behavioural, biomedical and structural interventions were proposed.Health Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)
44
Mokaba, Sekgero Akisa. "Perceptions of adolescent high school learners of HIV counselling and testing in Madibeng sub-district, North West Province." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18534.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to investigate the perceptions, attitudes, opinions and fears of the adolescent high school learners towards HIV counseling and testing at school.Quantitative, descriptive, exploratory research was conducted to determine if high school learners would like to be tested for HIV at school. Data collection was done using structured questionnaires. The respondents in the study were daytime high school learners (n=120) who were in grade 8 to 12, between ages of 12 to 18 years of age. The study highlighted that adolescents engage in sexual activities at an early age. The results revealed that there is lack of knowledge, unavailability of HCT services for adolescents and the resources to keep a girl child school. This behavior may result in adolescents contracting sexually transmitted infections and HIV, falling pregnant at an early age, which may force adolescent high school learners to drop out of school. However, the study shows that government has more to educate adolescent high school learners about HIV/AIDS to modify their perceptions and attitudes towards HIV counseling and testing.Health Studies
M.A. (Health studies)
45
Mbulu, Jabulile Favourite. "Exploring the experience of virginity testing by female adolescents in the uThungulu district of Kwazulu-Natal." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21610.
Full textAbstract:
Text in EnglishThe purpose of the study was to investigate the experience explore the experience of virginity testing of female adolescents in the uThungulu district of KwaZulu-Natal. A qualitative research was conducted to explore and describe the experiences of female adolescents on virginity testing. In-depth phenomenological interviews were conducted on 18 participants during data collection. Proponents of virginity testing believe that virginity testing is a traditional practice that can assist in reducing HIV infection and teenage pregnancy amongst the youth. On the other hand, opponents of virginity testing strongly believe that the practice of virginity testing interferes with human rights and Constitutional prescripts that protect the rights to equity, privacy, bodily integrity and sexual autonomy of young women. The study found that participants had only positive experiences of the practice of virginity testing and none expressed having any negative experiences. The findings also confirmed that virginity testing is being done irrespective of different opinions from different scholars and experts on the subject. Little knowledge about the Children’s Act and the Commission for Rights of Cultural and Linguistic communities was observed.
Health Studies
M.P.H.
46
Masetshaba, Musa. "Experiences of long-term highly active antiretroviral treatment by adolescents in Tembisa, Gauteng Province." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/22520.
Full textAbstract:
Adolescence is a significant period of change in physical and psychosocial development of human beings. Being HIV positive and growing up on a dynamically multifaceted HAART treatment, adds to the complexity of adolescence. This study was aimed at exploring the nature of experiences of adolescents who are on long-term Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) in Tembisa, Gauteng province. The study is based on a qualitative research method using in-depth semi-structured open-ended interviews and a focus group for data collection. The sample consisted of seven individual adolescent participants, three parents, guardians and caregivers, as well as 11 health care professionals. The thematic data analysis and the phenomelogical analysis methods were used to analyse data qualitative data while descriptive statistics were used to analyse quantitative biographical data.
The study findings cover the negative and positive experiences and the perceived role of HAART treatment over a long period of time. The predominant themes identified from adolescent participants were disclosure of HIV positive status and the stigma surrounding a positive status, early childhood experience of parental death, challenges of taking HAART treatment, factors influencing adherence and non-adherence to HAART treatment, and lastly, the impact of religion on HAART treatment adherence. The findings suggest that adolescents who are on HAART treatment over an extended period of time experience drug fatigue. Drug fatigue has far-reaching implications for the health of an adolescent, as it has a higher likelihood that poor adherence or even complete refusal to take HAART treatment will occur. Poor adherence or refusal to take HAART treatment will most likely lead to cross infection and further spread of HIV and AIDS.
A recommendation was made to include the establishment of a youth and adolescent-friendly centre by the hospital – one that is designated for the provision of tailored adolescent services and sensitive to adolescent developmental stages so as to minimise the likelihood of infected adolescents falling through the health care cracks. The introduction of a hospital-based school, an education unit run by dedicated and qualified facilitators focusing on aiding hospitalised learners with catch-up scholarly programmes, was a further recommendation. It was further recommended that reproductive health care needs of adolescents who grow up on HAART treatment be given attention in further research.Psychology
Ph.D. (Psychology)
47
Kabongo, Paola Bulungu. "Factors associated with the resurgence in HIV incidence among young women presenting at Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20696.
Full textAbstract:
Text in EnglishPrevious studies have reported a high prevalence of HIV and AIDS among adolescent girls. It is estimated that there are 5,24 million people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). These estimates would mean that about 2.36 million people living with HIV/AIDS would be young women and girls aged 15-24 years. The latest household survey conducted by the Human Science Research Council (HSRC) revealed that the prevalence of HIV is three to seven fold in girls and young women aged 15-24 than boys and young men (HSRC 2014) This resurgence in HIV incidence is occurring at a time when it is believed the epidemic has reached a plateau following aggressive behavioural, biomedical and structural interventions by the Department of Health, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) and civil society in general. A probability sampling method, involving a random selection of elements was used to select 130 young women and girls aged 18-24 presenting at Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital by simple random sampling. Data were collected by self-administering questionnaires. High unemployment and greater age-disparity in the relationships were found to have a direct correlation with HIV incidence in the population under study. This study also shows that inconsistent condom use, low rate of medical male circumcision of male partners, coupled with lower HIV counselling and testing than the national average, was associated with new HIV infections, in spite of high level of condom availability, knowledge of HIV issues and an exposure to an array of behavioural change communication interventions.
Health Studies
M.A. (Public Health)
48
Mgomezulu, Victor Yobe. "Stakeholder involvement in strategic planning: a strategy to mitigate the effects of HIV and AIDS on secondary education in Botswana." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/606.
Full textAbstract:
Stakeholder involvement in strategic planning: a strategy to mitigate the effects of HIV and AIDS on secondary education in Botswana.
This study explores the involvement of stakeholders in strategic planning to mitigate the effect of HIV and AIDS in secondary education in Botswana. The prevalence of HIV and AIDS-related illness and deaths is high in Botswana and affects both teachers and learners. Education provision has been affected through increased mortality and morbidity and increased absenteeism which affect education-related personnel and the demand for education has been reduced due to growing numbers of orphaned and vulnerable children as a consequence of parent/guardian mortality and morbidity related to HIV and AIDS. The problem was investigated by means of a literature review and an empirical inquiry which combined quantitative and qualitative data collection. Based on the findings, in addition to medical and other interventions, an education management approach is required to mitigate the effects of HIV and AIDS on secondary education in Botswana. The strategies of coping, caring and preventing have been effective in this regard. Some internal stakeholders of the Department of Secondary Education (DSE) are not meaningfully involved in strategic planning. Similarly, most of the selected external stakeholders were not involved in the DSE HIV and AIDS strategic plan. Both external and internal stakeholders should be involved at all stages of planning. Furthermore, inducement-contribution exchanges and teacher credibility should be considered in a strategic plan. To improve the current DSE strategic plan, a stakeholder involvement model to involve internal and external stakeholders was designed. Based on this model and the above findings, recommendations for practice and suggestions for future research are made.Educational Studies
D.Ed.(Educational Management)
49
Matshediso, Ellah. "The facilitation of youth friendliness in a Youth Activity Centre (YAC) in Botswana." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2968.
Full textAbstract:
The concept of youth activity centre (YAC) has not yet been evaluated. The purpose of this
study was to evaluate the YAC in Botswana. Accordingly, the researcher explored and
described the lived experience of young people utilising the YAC as well as the perceptions
of service providers at the Mochudi Centre in the Kgatleng District, in Botswana.
Furthermore, the objective was to develop and describe guidelines for the facilitation of
youth-friendly services (YFS) at YAC.
A phenomenological, qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual research design
was used to extract young people’s experiences and perceptions of service providers.
Thirty-two young people and 27 service providers (peer educators and service delivery
officers [SDOs]) were purposefully selected. Methods of data collection used were
unstructured individual in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and observations in
the forms of field notes. The data, mainly tape-recorded interviews and field notes were
transcribed verbatim for data analysis. Tesch’s eight-step data analysis model (Creswell
1994:155) was used.
One major theme, youth friendliness emerged with three categories, namely: physical,
administrative, and psychological aspects of youth-friendly services. All the respondents
indicated that they benefited and affirmed they were empowered and better people after
using the facility. However, limited access to the facility by the target group due to location,
cost of reaching the facility, and attitudes of service providers as well as failure to
implement planned activities due to financial and staff shortage were obstacles to youth
friendliness of the YAC.
Based on the findings and literature review, the researcher developed guidelines to
facilitate YFS and improved access to the YAC. Recommendations made are for practise
in the YAC, education of SDOs and for further research.Health Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)
50
Mungunda, Sitwala. "Determinants of non-adherence to recommended preventative methods for sexual transmission of HIV among 15 - 24 year olds in Livingstone (Zambia)." Diss., 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/774.
Full textAbstract:
This qualitative study was done in Livingstone, Zambia, and used focus group discussions to investigate the reasons that youths aged 15 to 24 years see as justifying, or compelling, their non-use of recommended methods for prevention of sexual transmission of HIV. It focused on four methods, namely abstinence, condom use, voluntary counseling and testing, and mutual faithfulness.
The study found that non-adherence to HIV preventative methods is linked to variables in the process of adolescent growth and development, to contextual variables in society, to characteristics of products and services associated with these HIV preventative methods, and to disease characteristics of HIV itself. A key conclusion of this study is that to improve the effectiveness of HIV prevention programs among the youths it is essential that factors that hinder adherence to preventative methods are recognized and addressed.Social Work
M.A.(Social Work)