Relevant bibliographies by topics / AIDS (Disease) – Malawi – Prevention

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters

Academic literature on the topic 'AIDS (Disease) – Malawi – Prevention'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "AIDS (Disease) – Malawi – Prevention"

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Mipando, Mwapatsa, Nyengo Mkandawire, Jones Masiye, Emily Wroe, Luckson Dullie, Ron Mataya, Adamson Muula, et al. "Leveraging HIV Research and Implementation for Cancer and Noncommunicable Diseases in Malawi." Journal of Global Oncology 3, no. 2_suppl (April 2017): 27s—28s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.2017.009407.

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Abstract 33 Background: Enabled by collaboration and political stability, Malawi is a global leader for HIV research and implementation. We undertook this work to identify ways to leverage successes in HIV treatment and research for cancer and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Methods: Over more than two decades, investment from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and other funders has allowed Malawi participation in international HIV networks. As these sought to address HIV-positive cancer, investment occurred to increase pathology, improve cancer registration, scale up cervical cancer screening, and improve nursing and pharmacy skills for chemotherapy administration. This allowed Malawi to participate in multinational clinical trials for HIV-positive Kaposi sarcoma treatment and cervical cancer prevention. Building on this, Malawi was one of six countries in 2014 to receive an NIH U54 consortium award for HIV-positive malignancies and was one of six countries added to the National Cancer Institute (NCI) AIDS Malignancy Consortium. In 2016, expanding beyond HIV-positive cancer, Malawi was one of three countries invited to join a new NCI–International Agency for Research on Cancer esophageal cancer consortium, one of five recipients of a new NCI Burkitt lymphoma award, and one of six recipients of a new NCI P20 grant for a regional center of research excellence for NCDs. Malawi is also one of 11 countries to convene a Lancet noncommunicable diseases and injury poverty commission for NCDs and injury. Finally, partners have improved surveillance and treatment for hypertension, diabetes, injury, and sickle cell anemia, in part, through a national Knowledge Translation Platform for HIV-NCD integration. With this support and funding, career development opportunities are embedded for Malawian NCD researchers. Results: Building on successes in HIV treatment and research, Malawi has become a global leader for cancer and NCD research and implementation. Conclusion: Continue developing a multilateral national platform for NCD research and implementation that is globally impactful and can lead to measurable outputs for individual cancer and NCD focus areas. Funding: National Institutes of Health. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST No COIs from the authors.
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Zachariah, R., M. P. Spielmann, A. D. Harries, L. Buhendwa, and C. Chingi. "Motives, Sexual Behaviour, and Risk Factors Associated with HIV in Individuals Seeking Voluntary Counselling and Testing in a Rural District of Malawi." Tropical Doctor 33, no. 2 (April 2003): 88–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947550303300211.

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A study was conducted among individuals seeking voluntary HIV counselling and testing (VCT) in order to (a) describe their motives and source(s) of information, (b) describe their sexual behaviour; and (c) identify risk factors associated with HIV infection. Of 723 individuals who sought VCT, the most common reason (50%) was recent knowledge of HIV/AIDS and a desire to know their HIV status. The majority (77%) underwent VCT after being encouraged by others who knew their status. Ninety five per cent reported sexual encounters, with 337 (49%) engaging in unprotected sex. HIV prevalence was 31% and an HIV-positive status was associated with being female, being over 25 years of age and/or being a farmer. There is a demand for VCT, and the service provides an opportunity for intensive education about HIV/AIDS prevention on a one-to-one basis. It could also be an entry point to prevention and care for those who are infected.
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Chiang, Hung Che, Kwong Leung Yu, Shue Fang Yap, Kah Kheng Goh, Meng Hsuan Mo, Ta Wei Yang, Yeh Giin Ngo, et al. "Awareness of HIV/AIDS prevention and acceptance of HIV testing among residents in Likoma Island, northern Malawi." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 103, no. 9 (September 2009): 885–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2009.04.008.

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Freeman, E., and P. Anglewicz. "HIV prevalence and sexual behaviour at older ages in rural Malawi." International Journal of STD & AIDS 23, no. 7 (July 2012): 490–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/ijsa.2011.011340.

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Research on HIV infection and sexual behaviour in sub-Saharan Africa typically focuses on individuals aged 15–49 years under the assumption that both become less relevant for older individuals. We test this assumption using data from rural Malawi to compare sexual behaviour and HIV infection for individuals aged 15–49 with individuals aged 50–64 and 65 and over years. Although general declines with age were observed, levels of sexual activity and HIV remained considerable: 26.7% and 73.8% of women and men aged 65+ reported having sex in the last year, respectively; men's average number of sexual partners remained above one; and HIV prevalence is significantly higher for men aged 50–64 (8.9%) than men aged 15–49 (4.1 %). We conclude that older populations are relevant to studies of sexual behaviour and HIV risk. Their importance is likely to increase as access to antiretrovirals in Africa increases. We recommend inclusion of adults aged over 49 years in African HIV/AIDS research and prevention efforts.
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Mbichila, Tinkhani H., Maganizo Chagomerana, Jennifer H. Tang, Lisa B. Haddad, Mina C. Hosseinipour, Hannock Tweya, and Samuel Phiri. "Partnership duration and HIV serodisclosure among people living with HIV/AIDS in Lilongwe, Malawi." International Journal of STD & AIDS 29, no. 10 (May 10, 2018): 987–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462418769730.

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HIV serodisclosure to sexual partners is an important aspect of HIV prevention, treatment, and care. We investigated the association between partnership duration and serodisclosure among HIV-infected individuals in Lilongwe, Malawi. We analyzed data from a cross-sectional study of individuals attending one of two antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinics in Lilongwe. Clients aged 18–45 years and sexually active within the past six months were eligible. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between partnership duration ≤1 year and serodisclosure. Five hundred and sixty-two participants completed the survey: 308 (55%) women and 254 (45%) men. Median age was 35 years (IQR 30–40), 90% were married, 88% were on ART, and 95% had serodisclosed to their partner. Marital status, knowledge of partner serostatus, and ART use were significantly associated with serodisclosure. Participants in a relationship for ≤1 year were significantly less likely to disclose their serostatus to their partners compared to those in a relationship for >1 year (OR = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.58). Couple-based interventions that encourage serodisclosure among partners within their first year of relationship should be developed to decrease HIV transmission, encourage treatment and support.
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Laurens, Matthew B., Randy G. Mungwira, Nginache Nampota, Osward M. Nyirenda, Titus H. Divala, Maxwell Kanjala, Felix A. Mkandawire, et al. "Revisiting Co-trimoxazole Prophylaxis for African Adults in the Era of Antiretroviral Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial." Clinical Infectious Diseases 73, no. 6 (March 21, 2021): 1058–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab252.

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Abstract Background Daily co-trimoxazole is recommended for African adults living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) irrespective of antiretroviral treatment, immune status, or disease stage. Benefits of continued prophylaxis and whether co-trimoxazole can be stopped following immune reconstitution are unknown. Methods We conducted a randomized controlled trial at 2 sites in Malawi that enrolled adults with HIV with undetectable viral load and CD4 count of >250/mm3 and randomized them to continue daily co-trimoxazole, discontinue daily co-trimoxazole and begin weekly chloroquine, or discontinue daily co-trimoxazole. The primary endpoint was the preventive effect of co-trimoxazole prophylaxis against death or World Health Organization (WHO) HIV/AIDS stage 3–4 events, using Cox proportional hazards modeling, in an intention-to-treat population. Results 1499 adults were enrolled. The preventive effect of co-trimoxazole on the primary endpoint was 22% (95% CI: −14%–47%; P = .20) versus no prophylaxis and 25% (−10%–48%; P = .14) versus chloroquine. When WHO HIV/AIDS stage 2 events were added to the primary endpoint, preventive effect increased to 31% (3–51%; P = .032) and 32% (4–51%; P = .026), respectively. Co-trimoxazole and chloroquine prophylaxis effectively prevented clinical malaria episodes (3.8 and 3.0, respectively, vs 28/100 person-years; P < .001). Conclusions Malawian adults with HIV who immune reconstituted on ART and continued co-trimoxazole prophylaxis experienced fewer deaths and WHO HIV/AIDS stage 3–4 events compared with prophylaxis discontinuation, although statistical significance was not achieved. Co-trimoxazole prevented a composite of death plus WHO HIV/AIDS stage 2–4 events. Given poor healthcare access and lack of routine viral load monitoring, co-trimoxazole prophylaxis should continue in adults on ART after immune reconstitution in sub-Saharan Africa. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT01650558.
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Slaymaker, Emma, Estelle McLean, Alison Wringe, Clara Calvert, Milly Marston, Georges Reniers, Chodziwadziwa Whiteson Kabudula, et al. "The Network for Analysing Longitudinal Population-based HIV/AIDS data on Africa (ALPHA): Data on mortality, by HIV status and stage on the HIV care continuum, among the general population in seven longitudinal studies between 1989 and 2014." Gates Open Research 1 (November 6, 2017): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.12753.1.

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Timely progression of people living with HIV (PLHIV) from the point of infection through the pathway from diagnosis to treatment is important in ensuring effective care and treatment of HIV and preventing HIV-related deaths and onwards transmission of infection. Reliable, population-based estimates of new infections are difficult to obtain for the generalised epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa. Mortality data indicate disease burden and, if disaggregated along the continuum from diagnosis to treatment, can also reflect the coverage and quality of different HIV services. Neither routine statistics nor observational clinical studies can estimate mortality prior to linkage to care nor following disengagement from care. For this, population-based data are required. The Network for Analysing Longitudinal Population-based HIV/AIDS data on Africa brings together studies in Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. Eight studies have the necessary data to estimate mortality by HIV status, and seven can estimate mortality at different stages of the HIV care continuum. This data note describes a harmonised dataset containing anonymised individual-level information on survival by HIV status for adults aged 15 and above. Among PLHIV, the dataset provides information on survival during different periods: prior to diagnosis of infection; following diagnosis but before linkage to care; in pre-antiretroviral treatment (ART) care; in the first six months after ART initiation; among people continuously on ART for 6+ months; and among people who have ever interrupted ART.
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Mfutso-Bengo, Joseph-Matthew, Eva-Maria Mfutso-Bengo, and Francis Masiye. "Ethical aspects of HIV/AIDS prevention strategies and control in Malawi." Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 29, no. 5 (September 2008): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11017-008-9086-9.

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Smith, Kirsten P., and Susan Cotts Watkins. "Perceptions of risk and strategies for prevention: responses to HIV/AIDS in rural Malawi." Social Science & Medicine 60, no. 3 (February 2005): 649–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.06.009.

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Muula, Adamson S. "What Should HIV/AIDS be Called in Malawi?" Nursing Ethics 12, no. 2 (March 2005): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0969733005ne781oa.

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HIV/AIDS is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the southern African country of Malawi. At the largest referral health facility in Blantyre, the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, the majority of patients hospitalized in medical wards and up to a third of those in the maternity unit are infected with HIV. Many patients in the surgical wards also have HIV/AIDS. Health professionals in Blantyre, however, often choose not to write down the diagnosis of HIV or AIDS; rather, they prefer to use ‘SGOT’, ‘ELISA’ and ‘spot test’ to represent the HIV test, while ‘immunosuppression’, ‘↓ CD4 disease’ and ‘ARC’ are preferred instead of ‘AIDS’. It is possible that health professionals’ belief that mentioning HIV and/or AIDS will harm patients is encouraging them to use these euphemisms. The use of less than exact terms to label HIV and AIDS may not be without cost. For instance, future attempts to conduct retrospective case study research may be hampered by this practice, which is not in accordance with the international classification of diseases. It is suggested that, although stigmatization and discrimination could be important driving factors in the use of cryptic language, it may be more worthy to fight discrimination and stigmatization head-on, rather than create avenues where these reactions may be perpetuated.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "AIDS (Disease) – Malawi – Prevention"

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Poulin, Michelle J. "The sexual and social relations of youth in rural Malawi : strategies for AIDS prevention /." Citation, abstract and full text online, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1158526321&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3740&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Luhanga, Aaron Andrew. "The effectiveness of coordination in the fight against HIV and AIDS in Malawi :a case study of Salima District Council." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86288.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: With the existence of many HIV and AIDS service providers especially at Local Authority Level which is government closer to the people, multi sector coordination of service provision becomes crucial. Therefore, this study undertook to assess the effectiveness of coordination of HIV and AIDS service provision in Salima District Council in Malawi. The researcher used the following methods to collect data: qualitative method, through a questionnaire where data was collected from the District AIDS Coordinating Committee (DACC) responsible for multi sector coordination at district level; and qualitative method, through focus Group Discussions that enabled collection of data from targeted sector heads from government, non- governmental organisations, Faith Based Organisations and Private Sector. The research found that Salima District Council has the necessary structural set-up to coordinate HIV and AIDS Response. In keeping with the three – one principle, Salima District Council has managed to develop one coordination body, one action framework and one M&E framework. The availability of the one action framework and one M&E framework (LAHARF) and that these are annually replicable, shows a level of coordination is available and it is working. Lack of adequate funding for HIV interventions and lack of involvement of DACC in planning process by most service providers are major challenges. It is thus recommended that Salima District Council should put in place a deliberate policy that makes it mandatory for all organizations working in the district to participate in planning and or share their plans with the district council. The Council should also ensure that strategic policy and guidelines documents are readily available to service providers for use when planning HIV and AIDS interventions.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Wanneer daar baie diensverskaffers op Plaaslike bestuursvlak is word die koördinering van MIV/Vigsdienste baie belangrik. Die doel van hierdie studie was die bepaling van die doeltreffendheid van die koördinering van MIV/Vigsdienste in die Salima Distriksraad in Malawi. Data in ingewin deur gebruik te maak van kwantitatiew metodes en „n gestruktureerde vraelys is vir dataversameling gebruik. Ten einde nog eer data in te samel is fokusgroepe gebruik binne die Regeringsorganisasies, Nie-regeringsorganisasies, die privaatsektor en geloofsgeörienteerde organisasies. Die studie het bevind dat die nodige strukturele opset wel binne die Salima Distriksraad bestaan. Die Salima Distriksraad het ook daarin geslaag om „n enkele koördineringsliggaam te vestig en die studie het bevestig dat hierdie koördineringsliggaam inderdaar funksioneel is. Daar is egter nog steeds „n gebrek aan voldoende fondse en die nie-betrokkendheid van sekere van die diensverskaffers is steeds „n uitdaging. Voorstelle vir die verbetering van die betrokkendheid van al die diensverskaffers word in die studie aan die hand gedoen.
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Adams, Jimi. "Religion networks and HIV/AIDS in rural Malawi." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1179942482.

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Kabudula, Chodziwadziwa Whiteson. "The impact of HIV/AIDS on under-five mortality in Malawi." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4621_1210840397.

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Although the under-five mortality rate in Malawi has been declining since 1960, it still remains one of the highest in the world. In order to appropriately target interventions to achieve substantial reductions in deaths among children under the age of five years in Malawi, there is an ongoing need for better knowledge of the proportion of cause-specific under-five mortality in the country. The aim of this study was to estimate the direct contribution of HIV/AIDS to the observed level of under-five mortality in Malawi during the period 2000 to 2004.

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Abdullah, Abu Saleh Md. "High risk lifestyles in Hong Kong : implications for the prevention of AIDS /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1986792X.

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Du, Plooy Frederik Simon. "Perceptions of HIV/AIDS prevention workers in Soshanguve of the role of traditional African beliefs in HIV/AIDS prevention." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02172005-103325.

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Poehlman, Jon Aaron. "Community Participation and Consensus in HIV/AIDS Prevention: An Exploration of the Suzgo, the Issues of AIDS in Malawi." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000477.

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Pikholz, Tracey. "An investigation into AIDS prevention in the workplace : guidelines to a social marketing workplace preventative AIDS strategy." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9654.

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Includes bibliography.
This dissertation comprises an application of social marketing principles and techniques to AIDS prevention in the workplace. The overall research objective of this dissertation is to investigate the provisions which have been made for AIDS in companies in South Africa, and to gain an understanding of the "preventative AIDS provisions" which the respondents consider practical to implement in their workplace, in order to generate conclusions and recommendations. The research findings, discussions and conclusions highlight areas for future research.
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Wang, Ya-Chien. "A systematic evaluation of culturally sensitive HIV/AIDS prevention interventions in the US, 1996--2007." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.

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Kesamang, Lefhoko. "Social workers' experiences of HIV and AIDS intervention in Botswana." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/532.

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This study endeavoured to explore and describe the experiences of social workers in their intervention with HIV and AIDS clients within the Department of Clinical Services of the Ministry of Health in Botswana. The researcher undertook a qualitative research study, using an exploratory, descriptive and contextual design to explore these experiences as perceived by the social workers. The method of data collection included semi-structured face-to-face interviews, as this was deemed most appropriate to the nature of the study. Data analysis was undertaken according to the outline of Tesch (1990), as stated in Creswell (1994:155). The findings were reported as themes, sub-themes and categories emanating from the data-analysis process. In ensuring the trustworthiness of the findings, the researcher adhered to Guba’s (1981) model (in Krefting, 1991:251). The research findings were subjected to a literature control, and culminated in the compiling of the research report. The research findings centred around the following five themes: · experiences of intervention with HIV and AIDS clients; · challenges in HIV and AIDS intervention; · measures to alleviate challenges of HIV and AIDS intervention; · intervention strategies utilised by social workers; and · suggestions and advice to new social workers. The recommendations resulting from this research project proposed inter alia that social workers need to be trained in specific and specialised areas related to HIV and AIDS intervention in the health setting, and that the support structures and a holistic multidisciplinary service delivery approach need to be put in place to assist social workers to be able to meet the needs of the clients as well as their own needs. Key Words: participants, clients/patient, qualitative, HIV and AIDS, experiences, intervention, strategies.
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Books on the topic "AIDS (Disease) – Malawi – Prevention"

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Roseberry, Wendy. Malawi AIDS assessment study. [Lilongwe]: Govt. of Malawi, 1998.

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Tomas, Lievens, Ngoma Peter, Humphrey Ed, and Oxford Policy Management, eds. Sustainable financing for HIV/AIDS in Malawi. Oxford, UK: Oxford Policy Management Limited, 2012.

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Irwin, Bronwyn. HIV/AIDS adaptation & mitigation activities in rural Malawi: Workshop for CBOs and local NGOs, Blantyre, May 22nd to 24th 2003. Blantyre, Malawi: Community Partnerships for Sustainable Resource Management in Malawi, 2003.

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Project--Malawi, UNC, ed. Final report: Malawi prevalence study. Lilongwe]: National AIDS Commission Malawi, 2008.

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National HIV/AIDS Best Practices Conference (2002 Lilongwe, Malawi). National HIV/AIDS Best Practices Conference: "Taking HIV/AIDS best practices to scale.". Lilongwe [Malawi]: Malawi Institute of Management, 2002.

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Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Malawi: Handbook for health workers. Lilongwe, Malawi: Ministry of Health and Population, 2003.

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Malawi national HIV and AIDS monitoring and evaluation plan, 2011-2016. Lilongwe: Office of the President and Cabinet, National AIDS Commission, 2012.

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Bisika, Thomas J. Youth and AIDS: Follow up mini-KAPB survey, Blantyre, Lilongwe, and Mzuzu, for HIV/AIDS prevention through information and education for youth in Malawi. [Zomba, Malawi]: University of Malawi, Centre for Social Research, 1996.

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Modes of transmission analysis and HIV prevention response: Distribution of new HIV infections in Malawi for 2013 : recommendations for prevention strategies. Lilongwe, Malawi: National AIDS Commission, 2014.

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Commission, Malawi National AIDS. Integrated annual workplan, 2003-2008. Lilongwe: National AIDS Commission, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "AIDS (Disease) – Malawi – Prevention"

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Alegana, Victor A., and Peter M. Atkinson. "Geography of Disease Burden: Case Studies in Namibia and Eritrea." In Practicing Health Geography, 29–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63471-1_3.

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AbstractAfrica continues to experience the highest infectious disease burden despite an increase in investments. These include investments in malaria, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, as well as in communicable diseases. The global targets are to reduce the burden of these diseases through improved surveillance, prevention of outbreaks, effective case management, elimination and eventually, eradication. Achieving these targets, however, is limited by the poor geographic descriptions of the disease burden. Of the big five infectious disease burdens, malaria is the most advanced in terms of mapping its distribution. Malaria cartography has since formed the evidence-base for the design of many national malaria control programmes. This chapter focuses on malaria as an example, demonstrating its geographical descriptions. The availability of georeferenced malaria case data whether based on prevalence or incidence indicators has been used extensively in the mapping of geographical extents at national and sub-national scales. However, routine surveillance data is emerging as a valuable methodology of tracking burden in sub-Saharan Africa. A particular focus of this chapter is the use of routine national health systems surveillance data to describe, at a fine-scale, the distribution of malaria. However, routine data can be applied to the cartographic description of other diseases beyond malaria. The methodological aspects of burden estimation from routine surveillance platforms and cartography are highlighted.
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Conroy, Anne, and Alan Whiteside. "Health and Disease in Malawi." In Poverty, AIDS and Hunger, 33–48. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230627703_3.

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Williams, Christopher Kwesi O. "Disease Presentation, Recognition and Prevention." In Cancer and AIDS, 3–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99362-1_1.

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DiClemente, Ralph J., Gina M. Wingood, Sten H. Vermund, and Katharine E. Stewart. "Prevention of HIV/AIDS." In Handbook of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, 371–94. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4789-1_18.

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Wilson, Anika. "“Nobody Fears Aids, Mphutsi is More Fire”: Disease Rumors in the Age of Aids Treatment." In Folklore, Gender, and Aids in Malawi, 91–118. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137322456_4.

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Boccara, F., C. Meuleman, S. Ederhy, S. Lang, S. Janower, A. Cohen, and F. Raoux. "Coronary Artery Disease in HIV-Infected Patients: ClinicalPresentation,Pathophysiology, Prognosis,Prevention,and Treatment." In Cardiovascular Disease in AIDS, 111–29. Milano: Springer Milan, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-0761-1_9.

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Stephens, Robert W. "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention." In Mental Health Practitioner's Guide to HIV/AIDS, 129–31. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5283-6_17.

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Scevola, D., L. Oberto, G. Barbarini, and G. Barbaro. "Guidelines for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Risk in HIV-Infected Patients Treated with Antiretroviral Drugs." In Cardiovascular Disease in AIDS, 213–27. Milano: Springer Milan, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-0761-1_17.

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Apuzzo, Virginia, Nathan Fain, and Robert Bazell. "Education and Communication: Enhancing Public Understanding and Fostering Disease Prevention." In AIDS Impact on Public Policy, 105–28. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9489-5_7.

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Pequegnat, Willo. "Family and HIV/AIDS: First Line of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention." In Family and HIV/AIDS, 3–45. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0439-2_1.

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