Journal articles: 'AIDS (Disease) – Malawi – Prevention'

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Mipando, Mwapatsa, Nyengo Mkandawire, Jones Masiye, Emily Wroe, Luckson Dullie, Ron Mataya, Adamson Muula, et al. "Leveraging HIV Research and Implementation for Cancer and Noncommunicable Diseases in Malawi." Journal of Global Oncology 3, no. 2_suppl (April 2017): 27s—28s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.2017.009407.

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Abstract 33 Background: Enabled by collaboration and political stability, Malawi is a global leader for HIV research and implementation. We undertook this work to identify ways to leverage successes in HIV treatment and research for cancer and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Methods: Over more than two decades, investment from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and other funders has allowed Malawi participation in international HIV networks. As these sought to address HIV-positive cancer, investment occurred to increase pathology, improve cancer registration, scale up cervical cancer screening, and improve nursing and pharmacy skills for chemotherapy administration. This allowed Malawi to participate in multinational clinical trials for HIV-positive Kaposi sarcoma treatment and cervical cancer prevention. Building on this, Malawi was one of six countries in 2014 to receive an NIH U54 consortium award for HIV-positive malignancies and was one of six countries added to the National Cancer Institute (NCI) AIDS Malignancy Consortium. In 2016, expanding beyond HIV-positive cancer, Malawi was one of three countries invited to join a new NCI–International Agency for Research on Cancer esophageal cancer consortium, one of five recipients of a new NCI Burkitt lymphoma award, and one of six recipients of a new NCI P20 grant for a regional center of research excellence for NCDs. Malawi is also one of 11 countries to convene a Lancet noncommunicable diseases and injury poverty commission for NCDs and injury. Finally, partners have improved surveillance and treatment for hypertension, diabetes, injury, and sickle cell anemia, in part, through a national Knowledge Translation Platform for HIV-NCD integration. With this support and funding, career development opportunities are embedded for Malawian NCD researchers. Results: Building on successes in HIV treatment and research, Malawi has become a global leader for cancer and NCD research and implementation. Conclusion: Continue developing a multilateral national platform for NCD research and implementation that is globally impactful and can lead to measurable outputs for individual cancer and NCD focus areas. Funding: National Institutes of Health. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST No COIs from the authors.

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Zachariah, R., M. P. Spielmann, A. D. Harries, L. Buhendwa, and C. Chingi. "Motives, Sexual Behaviour, and Risk Factors Associated with HIV in Individuals Seeking Voluntary Counselling and Testing in a Rural District of Malawi." Tropical Doctor 33, no. 2 (April 2003): 88–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947550303300211.

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A study was conducted among individuals seeking voluntary HIV counselling and testing (VCT) in order to (a) describe their motives and source(s) of information, (b) describe their sexual behaviour; and (c) identify risk factors associated with HIV infection. Of 723 individuals who sought VCT, the most common reason (50%) was recent knowledge of HIV/AIDS and a desire to know their HIV status. The majority (77%) underwent VCT after being encouraged by others who knew their status. Ninety five per cent reported sexual encounters, with 337 (49%) engaging in unprotected sex. HIV prevalence was 31% and an HIV-positive status was associated with being female, being over 25 years of age and/or being a farmer. There is a demand for VCT, and the service provides an opportunity for intensive education about HIV/AIDS prevention on a one-to-one basis. It could also be an entry point to prevention and care for those who are infected.

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Chiang, Hung Che, Kwong Leung Yu, Shue Fang Yap, Kah Kheng Goh, Meng Hsuan Mo, Ta Wei Yang, Yeh Giin Ngo, et al. "Awareness of HIV/AIDS prevention and acceptance of HIV testing among residents in Likoma Island, northern Malawi." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 103, no. 9 (September 2009): 885–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2009.04.008.

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Freeman, E., and P. Anglewicz. "HIV prevalence and sexual behaviour at older ages in rural Malawi." International Journal of STD & AIDS 23, no. 7 (July 2012): 490–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/ijsa.2011.011340.

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Research on HIV infection and sexual behaviour in sub-Saharan Africa typically focuses on individuals aged 15–49 years under the assumption that both become less relevant for older individuals. We test this assumption using data from rural Malawi to compare sexual behaviour and HIV infection for individuals aged 15–49 with individuals aged 50–64 and 65 and over years. Although general declines with age were observed, levels of sexual activity and HIV remained considerable: 26.7% and 73.8% of women and men aged 65+ reported having sex in the last year, respectively; men's average number of sexual partners remained above one; and HIV prevalence is significantly higher for men aged 50–64 (8.9%) than men aged 15–49 (4.1 %). We conclude that older populations are relevant to studies of sexual behaviour and HIV risk. Their importance is likely to increase as access to antiretrovirals in Africa increases. We recommend inclusion of adults aged over 49 years in African HIV/AIDS research and prevention efforts.

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Mbichila, Tinkhani H., Maganizo Chagomerana, Jennifer H. Tang, Lisa B. Haddad, Mina C. Hosseinipour, Hannock Tweya, and Samuel Phiri. "Partnership duration and HIV serodisclosure among people living with HIV/AIDS in Lilongwe, Malawi." International Journal of STD & AIDS 29, no. 10 (May 10, 2018): 987–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462418769730.

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HIV serodisclosure to sexual partners is an important aspect of HIV prevention, treatment, and care. We investigated the association between partnership duration and serodisclosure among HIV-infected individuals in Lilongwe, Malawi. We analyzed data from a cross-sectional study of individuals attending one of two antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinics in Lilongwe. Clients aged 18–45 years and sexually active within the past six months were eligible. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between partnership duration ≤1 year and serodisclosure. Five hundred and sixty-two participants completed the survey: 308 (55%) women and 254 (45%) men. Median age was 35 years (IQR 30–40), 90% were married, 88% were on ART, and 95% had serodisclosed to their partner. Marital status, knowledge of partner serostatus, and ART use were significantly associated with serodisclosure. Participants in a relationship for ≤1 year were significantly less likely to disclose their serostatus to their partners compared to those in a relationship for >1 year (OR = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.58). Couple-based interventions that encourage serodisclosure among partners within their first year of relationship should be developed to decrease HIV transmission, encourage treatment and support.

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Laurens, Matthew B., Randy G. Mungwira, Nginache Nampota, Osward M. Nyirenda, Titus H. Divala, Maxwell Kanjala, Felix A. Mkandawire, et al. "Revisiting Co-trimoxazole Prophylaxis for African Adults in the Era of Antiretroviral Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial." Clinical Infectious Diseases 73, no. 6 (March 21, 2021): 1058–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab252.

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Abstract Background Daily co-trimoxazole is recommended for African adults living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) irrespective of antiretroviral treatment, immune status, or disease stage. Benefits of continued prophylaxis and whether co-trimoxazole can be stopped following immune reconstitution are unknown. Methods We conducted a randomized controlled trial at 2 sites in Malawi that enrolled adults with HIV with undetectable viral load and CD4 count of >250/mm3 and randomized them to continue daily co-trimoxazole, discontinue daily co-trimoxazole and begin weekly chloroquine, or discontinue daily co-trimoxazole. The primary endpoint was the preventive effect of co-trimoxazole prophylaxis against death or World Health Organization (WHO) HIV/AIDS stage 3–4 events, using Cox proportional hazards modeling, in an intention-to-treat population. Results 1499 adults were enrolled. The preventive effect of co-trimoxazole on the primary endpoint was 22% (95% CI: −14%–47%; P = .20) versus no prophylaxis and 25% (−10%–48%; P = .14) versus chloroquine. When WHO HIV/AIDS stage 2 events were added to the primary endpoint, preventive effect increased to 31% (3–51%; P = .032) and 32% (4–51%; P = .026), respectively. Co-trimoxazole and chloroquine prophylaxis effectively prevented clinical malaria episodes (3.8 and 3.0, respectively, vs 28/100 person-years; P < .001). Conclusions Malawian adults with HIV who immune reconstituted on ART and continued co-trimoxazole prophylaxis experienced fewer deaths and WHO HIV/AIDS stage 3–4 events compared with prophylaxis discontinuation, although statistical significance was not achieved. Co-trimoxazole prevented a composite of death plus WHO HIV/AIDS stage 2–4 events. Given poor healthcare access and lack of routine viral load monitoring, co-trimoxazole prophylaxis should continue in adults on ART after immune reconstitution in sub-Saharan Africa. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT01650558.

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Slaymaker, Emma, Estelle McLean, Alison Wringe, Clara Calvert, Milly Marston, Georges Reniers, Chodziwadziwa Whiteson Kabudula, et al. "The Network for Analysing Longitudinal Population-based HIV/AIDS data on Africa (ALPHA): Data on mortality, by HIV status and stage on the HIV care continuum, among the general population in seven longitudinal studies between 1989 and 2014." Gates Open Research 1 (November 6, 2017): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.12753.1.

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Timely progression of people living with HIV (PLHIV) from the point of infection through the pathway from diagnosis to treatment is important in ensuring effective care and treatment of HIV and preventing HIV-related deaths and onwards transmission of infection. Reliable, population-based estimates of new infections are difficult to obtain for the generalised epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa. Mortality data indicate disease burden and, if disaggregated along the continuum from diagnosis to treatment, can also reflect the coverage and quality of different HIV services. Neither routine statistics nor observational clinical studies can estimate mortality prior to linkage to care nor following disengagement from care. For this, population-based data are required. The Network for Analysing Longitudinal Population-based HIV/AIDS data on Africa brings together studies in Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. Eight studies have the necessary data to estimate mortality by HIV status, and seven can estimate mortality at different stages of the HIV care continuum. This data note describes a harmonised dataset containing anonymised individual-level information on survival by HIV status for adults aged 15 and above. Among PLHIV, the dataset provides information on survival during different periods: prior to diagnosis of infection; following diagnosis but before linkage to care; in pre-antiretroviral treatment (ART) care; in the first six months after ART initiation; among people continuously on ART for 6+ months; and among people who have ever interrupted ART.

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Mfutso-Bengo, Joseph-Matthew, Eva-Maria Mfutso-Bengo, and Francis Masiye. "Ethical aspects of HIV/AIDS prevention strategies and control in Malawi." Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 29, no. 5 (September 2008): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11017-008-9086-9.

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Smith, Kirsten P., and Susan Cotts Watkins. "Perceptions of risk and strategies for prevention: responses to HIV/AIDS in rural Malawi." Social Science & Medicine 60, no. 3 (February 2005): 649–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.06.009.

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Muula, Adamson S. "What Should HIV/AIDS be Called in Malawi?" Nursing Ethics 12, no. 2 (March 2005): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0969733005ne781oa.

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HIV/AIDS is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the southern African country of Malawi. At the largest referral health facility in Blantyre, the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, the majority of patients hospitalized in medical wards and up to a third of those in the maternity unit are infected with HIV. Many patients in the surgical wards also have HIV/AIDS. Health professionals in Blantyre, however, often choose not to write down the diagnosis of HIV or AIDS; rather, they prefer to use ‘SGOT’, ‘ELISA’ and ‘spot test’ to represent the HIV test, while ‘immunosuppression’, ‘↓ CD4 disease’ and ‘ARC’ are preferred instead of ‘AIDS’. It is possible that health professionals’ belief that mentioning HIV and/or AIDS will harm patients is encouraging them to use these euphemisms. The use of less than exact terms to label HIV and AIDS may not be without cost. For instance, future attempts to conduct retrospective case study research may be hampered by this practice, which is not in accordance with the international classification of diseases. It is suggested that, although stigmatization and discrimination could be important driving factors in the use of cryptic language, it may be more worthy to fight discrimination and stigmatization head-on, rather than create avenues where these reactions may be perpetuated.

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Limaye, Rupali J., Rajiv N. Rimal, Glory Mkandawire, Peter Roberts, William Dothi, and Jane Brown. "Talking about sex in Malawi: toward a better understanding of interpersonal communication for HIV prevention." Journal of Public Health Research 1, no. 2 (June 12, 2012): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2012.e17.

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The generalised AIDS epidemic in Malawi presents many challenges. As communication and advice from parents, peers, and partners are important factors in influencing sexual behaviour, understanding communication may provide insights into behaviour change programming. This mixed-method study used a household survey (n=1812) and 15 focus group discussions from the southern districts of Malawi to explore communication about sex and sexuality. Quantitative study findings point to the idea that self-efficacy, perceived benefits, and injunctive norms about talking about condom use are important factors influencing intentions to discuss condom use with partners. Qualitative study findings found that communication regarding sex between parents and children, partners, and peers was not common, and when there was communication, messages about sex focused on negative consequences of sexual activity. In Malawi, there is a need to increase efficacy in talking about sex and protective sexual behaviours, including condom use. Interventions should include components to increase communication skills, shift norms about sexual communication, and provide alternative mechanisms for individuals to gather pertinent information regarding their sexual behaviour.

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Lindgren, Teri, Ellen Schell, Sally Rankin, Joel Phiri, Rachel Fiedler, and Joseph Chakanza. "A Response to Edzi (AIDS): Malawi Faith-Based Organizations' Impact on HIV Prevention and Care." Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care 24, no. 3 (May 2013): 227–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jana.2012.05.004.

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Weeks, Margaret, Merrill Singer, and Jean Schensul. "Anthropology and Culturally Targeted AIDS Prevention." Practicing Anthropology 15, no. 4 (September 1, 1993): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.15.4.t75206q6308p67h1.

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As various ethnic and culturally diverse communities respond to the threat of AIDS, anthropological approaches are useful for contextualizing the social conditions associated with the spread of HIV and for developing culturally and socially targeted means to reduce infection, disease, and death. Through analysis of social and economic relations, beliefs and value systems, and other expressions of group interaction and cultural meaning, programs can be constructed to respond to the disease in its social and cultural context. An example of this process can be seen in Project COPE, a community-based AIDS prevention project that targets injection drug users (IDUs) and their sex partners in Hartford, Connecticut. The following discussion illustrates some of the ways anthropological analysis and research techniques were used to shape and evaluate the project's design, risk reduction methodology, and implementation procedures.

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Mathers, Rachel L. "The Spillover Benefits of AIDS Prevention." Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice 27, no. 1 (April 1, 2009): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/251569209x15664518847330.

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Abstract This paper determines whether there exists a public goods problem pertaining to AIDS prevention spending, which is measured using Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AIDS prevention policy cost data for the United States over the years 1998-2007. Panel regressions are utilized to measure the degree to which AIDS prevention is a public good. If prevention spending is a Samuelsonian public good, the costs of such programs should not be a function of the number of people covered by the program. The results of this analysis have important implications for the funding of AIDS prevention programs and indicate that this spending has spillover benefits.

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Rimal, Rajiv N., Kirsten Böse, Jane Brown, Glory Mkandawire, and Lisa Folda. "Extending the Purview of the Risk Perception Attitude Framework: Findings from HIV/AIDS Prevention Research in Malawi." Health Communication 24, no. 3 (May 8, 2009): 210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10410230902804109.

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Kiser, Michelle M., Jonathan C. Samuel, Sean E. Mclean, Arturo P. Muyco, Bruce A. Cairns, and Anthony G. Charles. "Epidemiology of pediatric injury in Malawi: Burden of disease and implications for prevention." International Journal of Surgery 10, no. 10 (2012): 611–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2012.10.004.

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Amer, Hemat Mostafa, and Sabah E. Nady. "School based educational intervention to raise awareness of students about HIV/AIDS disease." Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 9, no. 10 (July 15, 2019): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v9n10p67.

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Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) diseases are considered two of the most serious health conditions. Behavioral intervention is one of the best ordinary less cost and most effective strategies applied to fight against HIV/AIDS. In addition to information education and communication (IEC) campaign. Health education regarding HIV/AIDS at school can help in the prevention of infection. Current study was aimed to evaluate the effect of school based educational intervention to raise awareness of students about HIV/AIDS disease.Methods: Design: A quasi-experimental design with pre-posttest was utilized. Subjects: Multi-stage random sample of 360 students recruited at preparatory and secondary schools. Tool: A structured interviewing questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic data sheet for students, knowledge of students about HIV/AIDS disease, methods of prevention and students' attitudes and opinions about HIV/AIDS.Results: Statistical significant differences regarding students’ knowledge about HIV/AIDS, methods of prevention and attitudes and opinions about HIV/AIDS were found.Conclusion and recommendations: The first and second research hypothesis was accepted as it was found that educational intervention was effective and had a positive impact on improving students' knowledge and methods of prevention regarding HIV/AIDS,. The third hypothesis was students' opinions and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS that was also accepted and had significant effect. A long-term intervention among students must be conducted for the prevention of HIV/AIDS. So, educational intervention should be disseminated to more schools to increase the effects of offering opportunities that provide students with accurate information on HIV/AIDS.

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Singer, Merrill, Candida Flores, Lani Davison, and William Gonzales. "Reaching Minority Women: AIDS Prevention for Latinas." Practicing Anthropology 15, no. 4 (September 1, 1993): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.15.4.c54j55g1l1818621.

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Minority women are dramatically over represented among female HIV disease patients. They also are more likely to be single heads of household, have less access to basic support and survival resources, and are subject to ethnic/racial discrimination across health and social institutions. They are in worse health generally than are other women and have higher rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) that are co-factors for AIDS. They are more likely to engage in poverty-driven AIDS risk behaviors and are less likely to be reached by mainstream AIDS prevention education programs. Hence, the need for women-focused AIDS prevention strategies is especially critical in ethnic minority communities.

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Rose, David N., and Henry S. Sacks. "Cost-effectiveness of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease prevention in patients with AIDS." AIDS 11, no. 7 (June 1997): 883–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199707000-00007.

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Hand, Gregory A., Jason R. Jaggers, G. William Lyerly, and Wesley D. Dudgeon. "Physical activity in cardiovascular disease prevention in patients with HIV/AIDS." Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports 3, no. 4 (July 2009): 288–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12170-009-0044-5.

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Msyamboza, Kelias Phiri, Mathew Kagoli, Maurice M'bang'ombe, Sikhona Chipeta, and Humphrey Dzanjo Masuku. "Cholera outbreaks in Malawi in 1998-2012: social and cultural challenges in prevention and control." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 8, no. 06 (June 11, 2014): 720–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.3506.

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Introduction: Cholera still remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries, although comprehensive surveillance data to inform policy and strategies are scarce. Methodology: A desk review of the national cholera database and zonal and districts reports was conducted. Interviews were conducted with district health management teams, health workers, and participants in communities in six districts affected by cholera in 2011/2012 to obtain data on water, sanitation, and sociocultural issues. Results: From 1998 to 2012, cholera outbreaks occurred every year in Malawi, with the highest number of cases and deaths reported in 2001/2002 (33,546 cases, 968 deaths; case fatality rate [CFR] 2.3%). In 2011/2012, cholera outbreak was widespread in the southern region, affecting 10 out of 13 districts, where 1,806 cases and 38 deaths (CFR 2.1%) were reported. Unsafe water sources, lack of maintenance of broken boreholes, frequent breakdown of piped water supply, low coverage of pit latrines (range 40%-60%), lack of hand washing facilities (< 5%), salty borehole water, fishermen staying on Lake Chilwa, cross-border Malawi-Mozambique disease spread, and sociocultural issues were some of the causes of the persistent cholera outbreaks in Malawi. Conclusions: Despite improvements in safe drinking water and sanitation, cholera is still a major public health problem. Introduction of a community-led total sanitation approach, use of social and cultural information in community mobilization strategies, and introduction of an oral cholera vaccine could help to eliminate cholera in Malawi.

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Limeira da Silva, Doralice, and Maria Edileuza Soares Moura. "AIDS - Knowledge developed by teenagers in disease prevention / AIDS - Conhecimento elaborado por adolescentes na prevenção da doença." Revista de Enfermagem da UFPI 2, no. 3 (September 9, 2013): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26694/reufpi.v2i3.1109.

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Desde sua identificação, há cerca de 30 anos, aos dias atuais, a epidemia do HIV/AIDS apresentou importantes alterações no seu perfil epidemiológico, com número crescente de casos entre adolescentes. Objetivos: este estudo visa a analisar o conhecimento elaborado por adolescentes sobre AIDS e relacionar esse conhecimento na vivência de sua sexualidade. Metodologia: utilizou-se a abordagem quantitativa com características descritivas, na qual foram aplicados questionários com questões de múltipla escolha a 361 estudantes do ensino médio, com idade entre 14 e 18 anos, estudantes de duas escolas públicas do município de Caxias-MA, onde foram obedecidos os preceitos éticos da pesquisa envolvendo seres humanos. Resultados: verificou-se que os sujeitos da pesquisa têm conhecimento sobre HIV/AIDS, compatíveis com seu grau de escolaridade e que a divulgação em massa contribuiu para a disseminação da noção de importância do uso do preservativo. Conclusão: observou-se, no entanto, que há uma disparidade entre o conhecimento declarado pelos adolescentes participantes da pesquisa e suas práticas. Descritores: Saúde do Adolescente; Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida; Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana; Saúde Pública.

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Strukel, Daniel P. "AIDS and Athletic Training." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 2, no. 1 (February 1993): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2.1.1.

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Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome has only recently begun to receive attention in the field of athletic training. Previously, there was a preconceived notion that athletes were beyond contracting this disease. However, with the announcement of Earvin “Magic” Johnson's contraction of HIV, the virus that leads to AIDS, this concept has fallen by the wayside. Now, many clinicians recognize that the patients they treat may be carrying this virus and thus want to become more knowledgeable about the disease. This article addresses questions concerning transmission of AIDS, prevention of HIV transmission, and precautions that must be undertaken to protect both the athlete and the athletic trainer from this disease. Knowledge about this disease and use of appropriate precautions will substantially decrease the risk of HIV transmission in athletics.

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Spector, Stephen A., George F. McKinley, Jacob P. Lalezari, Tobias Samo, Robert Andruczk, Stephen Follansbee, Paula D. Sparti, et al. "Oral Ganciclovir for the Prevention of Cytomegalovirus Disease in Persons with AIDS." New England Journal of Medicine 334, no. 23 (June 6, 1996): 1491–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm199606063342302.

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Petersen, Poul Erik. "Strengthening the prevention of HIV/AIDS-related oral disease: a global approach." Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 32, no. 6 (December 2004): 399–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.2004.00192.x.

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Fee, Elizabeth, and Nancy Krieger. "Thinking and Rethinking Aids: Implications for Health Policy." International Journal of Health Services 23, no. 2 (April 1993): 323–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/gh7c-lqe5-ynk5-jym8.

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In the United States, we see three main phases in the construction of the history of AIDS, with each having very different implications for health and social policy. In the first, AIDS was conceived of as an epidemic disease, a “gay plague,” by analogy to the sudden, devastating epidemics of the past. In the second, it was normalized as a chronic disease, similar in many ways to diseases such as cancer. In the third, the authors propose a new historical model of a slow-moving, long-lasting pandemic, a chronic infectious ailment manifested through myriad specific HIV-related diseases. The new paradigm of AIDS incorporates the positive aspects of both earlier conceptions. It emphasizes, like the plague model, the etiology, transmission, and prevention of disease but rejects its assumption of a time-limited crisis. It takes from the chronic disease model an appropriate time frame and concern with the clinical management of protracted illness but insists on the primacy of prevention. The authors criticize both infectious and chronic disease models for their individualistic conceptions of disease and their narrow strategies for disease prevention. They further argue that the traditional distinction between, and approaches to, infectious and chronic diseases need to be rethought for other diseases as well as for AIDS.

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Richey, Lisa Ann. "Mobilizing for Global AIDS Treatment." Nordicom Review 33, Special-Issue (December 1, 2012): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nor-2013-0023.

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Abstract Global communication about HIV/AIDS requires the creation of new communities that can bridge distances and distinctions of nationality, language, class, race, gendered-identities and other forms of local identification on a disease that is associated with the realm usually understood as private (sexuality). Global AIDS, characterized as ‘the disease of our time’, is responsible for spawning an entire industry devoted to the prevention, detection, treatment, and potential cure of HIV/AIDS. In terms of scale, this industry works primarily cross-nationally, with donors from the North funding programs for AIDS prevention and care in the South. Anti-retroviral drugs (ARVs), typically produced as generics by manufacturers in India or South Africa and purchased by aid funding, are central to global AIDS programs. Yet, mobilizing for global AIDS treatment embodies the logic of marketing, in which Africans with AIDS are sold as lives to be saved. This article will draw from international relations theory, sociology and anthropology to offer an interdisciplinary perspective on mobilizing communication globally.

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Sargsjane, Jeļena. "PUBLIC AWARENESS ABOUT HIV PREVENTION MEASURES." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 4 (May 25, 2018): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2018vol1.3414.

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which, when progressing, develops as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), has been known worldwide for over 30 years. It is one of the greatest epidemics that mankind has ever encountered. The number of HIV infections also increases in Latvia each year, as evidenced by official data from the Center for Disease Prevention and Control. In turn, information on infection with AIDS mechanisms, prevention measures is readily available in the mass media, medical institutions, etc. It also determined the purpose of the study - is the public well informed about HIV infection and its preventive measures?

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Nahar, Lutfun, Farzana Mahejabin, and Shamima Parveen. "Knowledge on mode of transmission and prevention of HIV/AIDS among the floating sex workers in some selected areas of Dhaka City." Community Based Medical Journal 3, no. 1 (February 10, 2014): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cbmj.v3i1.53328.

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Knowledge on sexually transmitted disease like HIV/AIDS can affect and help in reducing the incidence and number of cases of the disease in the community. The present study makes an attempt to assess the knowledge on mode of transmission and prevention of HIV/AIDS among the floating sex workers in some selected areas of Dhaka city. A descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of six months from January to June 2009, in Drop in centers in some selected areas of Dhaka city. Data were collected from 90 floating sex workers to find their knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Of the 90 respondents, 88 (97.8%) respondents had heard of HIV/AIDS. Majority of them (52, 57.9%) were got knowledge on HIV/AIDS from NGO workers followed by 13 (14.4%) from radio and 12(13.3%) from television. Most of the respondents (74, 82.2%) knew that HIV could be transmitted by unsafe sex with a known case of AIDS. Regarding prevention of HIV/AIDS, 73(81.1%) respondents knew that use of condom was a way of prevention of AIDS. Majority (51, 56.7%) scored average knowledge on transmission and prevention of HIV/AIDS. Government and non-government organizations and media can play effective role to make people aware of HIV/AIDS particularly the high risk groups. CBMJ 2014 January: Vol. 03 No. 01 P: 41-45

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Bonner, Carissa, Pinika Patel, Michael Anthony Fajardo, Ruixuan Zhuang, and Lyndal Trevena. "Online decision aids for primary cardiovascular disease prevention: systematic search, evaluation of quality and suitability for low health literacy patients." BMJ Open 9, no. 3 (March 2019): e025173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025173.

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ObjectivesRecent guideline changes for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention medication have resulted in calls to implement shared decision-making rather than arbitrary treatment thresholds. Less attention has been paid to existing tools that could facilitate this. Decision aids are well-established tools that enable shared decision-making and have been shown to improve CVD prevention adherence. However, it is unknown how many CVD decision aids are publicly available for patients online, what their quality is like and whether they are suitable for patients with lower health literacy, for whom the burden of CVD is greatest. This study aimed to identify and evaluate all English language, publicly available online CVD prevention decision aids.DesignSystematic review of public websites in August to November 2016 using an environmental scan methodology, with updated evaluation in April 2018. The decision aids were evaluated based on: (1) suitability for low health literacy populations (understandability, actionability and readability); and (2) International Patient Decision Aids Standards (IPDAS).Primary outcome measuresUnderstandability and actionability using the validated Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Printed Materials (PEMAT-P scale), readability using Gunning–Fog and Flesch–Kincaid indices and quality using IPDAS V.3 and V.4.ResultsA total of 25 unique decision aids were identified. On the PEMAT-P scale, the decision aids scored well on understandability (mean 87%) but not on actionability (mean 61%). Readability was also higher than recommended levels (mean Gunning–Fog index=10.1; suitable for grade 10 students). Four decision aids met criteria to be considered a decision aid (ie, met IPDAS qualifying criteria) and one sufficiently minimised major bias (ie, met IPDAS certification criteria).ConclusionsPublicly available CVD prevention decision aids are not suitable for low literacy populations and only one met international standards for certification. Given that patients with lower health literacy are at increased risk of CVD, this urgently needs to be addressed.

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Sanyaolu, Adekunle, Chuku Okorie, Anjali Kumar, Deja LaMoure, Mourad Rabadi, Jennings Hernandez, and George Omiloli. "Current trends of HIV/AIDS in Asia." South East Asia Journal of Public Health 7, no. 2 (November 28, 2018): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v7i2.38850.

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It is very important to recognize the trends in HIV/AIDS in specific areas such as Asia because it is vital to understanding the effectiveness of current approaches towards diagnosis and treatment. It is also very important to understand the risk factors that greatly predispose people in Asia to contracting HIV/AIDS such as lifestyle, culture, and religion. This review extensively analyzes the current trends of HIV/AIDS in India, China, Thailand, Cambodia and Indonesia. Additionally, cultural diversity carries certain social and religious stigmas associated with the disease. These social stigmas also pose as a significant influence on government involvement with regards to the funding of HIV/AIDS awareness, education, prevention, and the protection of human rights. Lack of education about the methods that help people from the disease and mode of transmission remains a significant hindrance in the prevention of a further rise in epidemiological statistics. Moreover, these factors are attributed to the rising incidence or risk of HIV within several populations amongst these countries. This review also analyzes the clinical presentation, epidemiological statistics, and the financial and socioeconomic impacts of HIV/AIDS in India, China, Thailand, Cambodia and Indonesia. Financial burdens and lack of government infrastructure in the healthcare systems are largely responsible for the rapidly rising prevalence of the disease among these populations, along with the inaccessibility to prevention and treatment methods. Furthermore, the scarcity of available antiretroviral and preventative medications is discussed. Lastly, this review explores various methods of diagnosis, treatment and prevention plans that are implemented in modern medicine with respect to HIV/AIDS.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.7(2) 2017: 3-11

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Mwamtobe, Peter M., Shirley Abelman, J. Michel Tchuenche, and Ansley Kasambara. "Optimal (Control of) Intervention Strategies for Malaria Epidemic in Karonga District, Malawi." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2014 (2014): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/594256.

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Malaria is a public health problem for more than 2 billion people globally. About 219 million cases of malaria occur worldwide and 660,000 people die, mostly (91%) in the African Region despite decades of efforts to control the disease. Although the disease is preventable, it is life-threatening and parasitically transmitted by the bite of the femaleAnophelesmosquito. A deterministic mathematical model with intervention strategies is developed in order to investigate the effectiveness and optimal control strategies of indoor residual spraying (IRS), insecticide treated nets (ITNs) and treatment on the transmission dynamics of malaria in Karonga District, Malawi. The effective reproduction number is analytically computed, and the existence and stability conditions of the equilibria are explored. The model does not exhibit backward bifurcation. Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle which uses both the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian principles with respect to a time dependent constant is used to derive the necessary conditions for the optimal control of the disease. Numerical simulations indicate that the prevention strategies lead to the reduction of both the mosquito population and infected human individuals. Effective treatment consolidates the prevention strategies. Thus, malaria can be eradicated in Karonga District by concurrently applying vector control via ITNs and IRS complemented with timely treatment of infected people.

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Ballachanda, Bopanna B., Ross J. Roeser, and Robert J. Kemp. "Control and Prevention of Disease Transmission in Audiology Practice." American Journal of Audiology 5, no. 1 (March 1996): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1059-0889.0501.74.

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Epidemiological studies have clearly demonstrated that diseases such as cytomegalovirus (CMV), hepatitis B (HBV), herpes simplex, and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), as well as others, are on the increase. Because of this factor, and because of expanded scope of practice and increased awareness, there is growing general concern and interest among audiologists about infectious diseases and their control and prevention. In addition, audiologists are in need of specific measures to prevent disease transmission to themselves, their patients, and others, such as their families. This tutorial is intended to assist audiologists in recognizing the importance of disease control and prevention (contracting and/or spreading diseases) in their practice. Procedures to help prevent disease transmission in audiology practice are provided.

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Wirahayu, Arwinda Yuhan, and Prijono Satyabakti. "Prevention of HIV/AIDS in Indonesian Navy views of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice." Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi 2, no. 2 (May 1, 2014): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jbe.v2i2.2014.161-170.

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ABSTRACTHIV/AIDS is a disease that is spreading rapidly in many countries, including in Indonesia. HIV/AIDS can affect anyone regardless of social status, race, religion, gender and age groups, including in Indonesian Navy personnel and their families. This study to identify the prevention of HIV/AIDS views of knowledge, attitudes and practice. The methods used in this research was descriptive observasional with the entire population in Indonesian Navy (Study at Satuan Kapal Eskorta Komando Armada RI Kawasan Timur). Sample size was 87 respondents were selected by purposive sampling technique. Variables in this reaserch are respondent characteristics (age, education, marital status, years of work, mobility), and the prevention of HIV/AIDS from their knowledge, attitude, and practice. The results showed that the characteristics of the respondents most of comprised of age group 20–26 years (54.02%). Most respondents were graduate from high school (87.36%). Most respondents were single (52.87%). Most of respondents were working > 5 years (52.87%) and most of respondents mobility > 5 months (41%). The result of prevention HIV/AIDS showed most of respondents knowledge about HIV/AIDS were in good category (60.91%), most of respondents attitudes about HIV/AIDS were in good category (72.41%). And most of respondents practice about HIV/AIDS were in good category (93.10%). It could be conculed that prevention of HIV/AIDS on Indonesian Navy (Study at Satuan Kapal Eskorta Komando Armada RI Kawasan Timur) are seen from their knowledge, attitudes and practice are in good category. To prevent of HIV/AIDS disease Institution of Indonesian Navy have to always give education or information to all of Indonesian Navy and their family.Keywords: prevention, HIV/AIDS, Indonesian Navy, knowledge, atitude, practice

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Wirahayu, Arwinda Yuhan, and Prijono Satyabakti. "Prevention of HIV/AIDS in Indonesian Navy views of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice." Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi 2, no. 2 (May 1, 2014): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jbe.v2i22014.161-170.

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ABSTRACTHIV/AIDS is a disease that is spreading rapidly in many countries, including in Indonesia. HIV/AIDS can affect anyone regardless of social status, race, religion, gender and age groups, including in Indonesian Navy personnel and their families. This study to identify the prevention of HIV/AIDS views of knowledge, attitudes and practice. The methods used in this research was descriptive observasional with the entire population in Indonesian Navy (Study at Satuan Kapal Eskorta Komando Armada RI Kawasan Timur). Sample size was 87 respondents were selected by purposive sampling technique. Variables in this reaserch are respondent characteristics (age, education, marital status, years of work, mobility), and the prevention of HIV/AIDS from their knowledge, attitude, and practice. The results showed that the characteristics of the respondents most of comprised of age group 20–26 years (54.02%). Most respondents were graduate from high school (87.36%). Most respondents were single (52.87%). Most of respondents were working > 5 years (52.87%) and most of respondents mobility > 5 months (41%). The result of prevention HIV/AIDS showed most of respondents knowledge about HIV/AIDS were in good category (60.91%), most of respondents attitudes about HIV/AIDS were in good category (72.41%). And most of respondents practice about HIV/AIDS were in good category (93.10%). It could be conculed that prevention of HIV/AIDS on Indonesian Navy (Study at Satuan Kapal Eskorta Komando Armada RI Kawasan Timur) are seen from their knowledge, attitudes and practice are in good category. To prevent of HIV/AIDS disease Institution of Indonesian Navy have to always give education or information to all of Indonesian Navy and their family.Keywords: prevention, HIV/AIDS, Indonesian Navy, knowledge, atitude, practice

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Priastana, I. Ketut Andika, and Hendra Sugiarto. "Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan tentang HIV/AIDS dengan Sikap Pencegahan HIV/AIDS pada Remaja." Indonesian Journal of Health Research 1, no. 1 (August 28, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.32805/ijhr.2018.1.1.3.

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Introduction. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the human immune system and Acquired immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a collection of symptoms of disease caused by HIV. UNICEF stated that the number of deaths among adolescents due to HIV/AIDS has increased. In Indonesia, cases of HIV/AIDS have begun to attack adolescents, one of the causes of which is a lack of knowledge about HIV/AIDS. This study aims to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS with the prevention attitude against HIV/AIDS in adolescents in Jembrana, Bali, Indonesia. Methods. The research design used was cross sectional, random sampling technique with a sample of 82 people. The statistical analysis used was Chi square test with a significance level of 5%. Results. The results showed that the majority of respondents in the category of sufficient knowledge, namely as many as 53.7% and most had an agreeing attitude towards the prevention of HIV/AIDS as many as 65.9%. The results of the analysis of the Chi square test showed that the relationship between the level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS and the attitude of prevention of HIV/AIDS in adolescents showed p value = 0.001 (p value <0.05). Conclusion. This study found that there was a correlation between the level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS and the attitude of preventing HIV/AIDS in adolescents. Teenagers can improve their knowledge more optimally so that they are more vigilant and supportive of HIV/AIDS prevention.

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Moazzam, Ali, and Hiroshi Ushijima. "Emerging Role of the Private Sector in HIV/AIDS Disease Prevention in Pakistan." Tropical Doctor 34, no. 3 (July 2004): 189–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947550403400329.

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Solomon, Mildred Zeldes, and William DeJong. "Recent Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention Efforts and Their Implications for AIDS Health Education." Health Education Quarterly 13, no. 4 (December 1986): 301–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109019818601300403.

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Shi, Song He, and Sheng Wu Xiong. "The Design and Application of the Information Management Platform for the Prevention and Control of AIDS on the Basis of the Residents' Health Records." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 1097–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.1097.

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Relying on the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) prevention and control system of project areas and existing health information network, according to the requirements of prevention and treatment of AIDS, and the "National Norms of Basic Public Health Services" as well as the "Community Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Major Contagious Diseases Programs and Procedures" and other regulatory requirements, this project, based on the residents' health records, using B/Sstructure, SSHframe, MVCmodel, ORACLE 10.0 database, is to develop residents' health records information management platform for the comprehensive prevention and control of AIDS, and make the existing AIDS epidemic system, the hospital information management system, residents' health records and health information system interconnected. It contributes to the participation of the administrative department of health, centers for disease control and prevention, hospital and community, and easily promotes organizations to provide technical support for the prevention and control system of AIDS. The platform has been successfully run in five project regions in Henan province, and has established 2, 365, 802 residents' health records about HIV/AIDS prevention and control, produced a good social and economic benefits. Its outlook is promising.

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Renaud, Michelle. ""We're All in it Together": AIDS Prevention in Urban Senegal." Practicing Anthropology 15, no. 4 (September 1, 1993): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.15.4.m3553v51r13g5060.

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Located on the westernmost tip of Africa, Senegal has had the good fortune of being forewarned about the AIDS virus before the disease has reached epidemic proportions. It has become obvious in the last decade, however, that knowledge is only the first step in AIDS prevention. Understanding the complicated process of translating knowledge into behavior change is one of the primary ways in which anthropologists can contribute to efforts to stem the spread of HIV.

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Angotti, Nicole, Tara McKay, and Rachel Sullivan Robinson. "Lgbt Visibility and Anti-Gay Backlash." Sociology of Development 5, no. 1 (2019): 71–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sod.2019.5.1.71.

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Throughout the 2000s, donor organizations successfully argued for the inclusion of men who have sex with men (msm) in the global response to HIV/AIDS. These efforts have had unintended consequences for msm and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (lgbt) populations in sub-Saharan Africa. Focusing on Malawi and Senegal, we find that donors’ emphasis on msm provided new urgency and sources of support for nascent lgbt- and msm-identified groups to organize around sexual identities and disseminate prevention strategies to their communities. These interventions increased the visibility of msm and lgbt populations in both countries; however, this new visibility also positioned msm and lgbt organizations between Western donors and political elites, contributing to political backlash against lgbt Malawians and Senegalese by the late 2000s. Further, while some msm- and lgbt-identified organizations in Malawi and Senegal ultimately expanded their activism to include lgbt rights, other HIV organizations working with msm to gain access to new donor funding did not advocate for the rights of lgbt populations. We discuss the implications of these processes for development initiatives and argue for a more expansive definition of health in HIV and development work to address a broader set of community concerns.

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Holtgrave, David R. "Causes of the decline in AIDS deaths, United States, 1995–2002: prevention, treatment or both?" International Journal of STD & AIDS 16, no. 12 (December 1, 2005): 777–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/095646205774988109.

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The decline in AIDS deaths in the USA between 1995 and 2002 has been attributed by Centers for Disease Control (CDC) to HIV treatments advances. The purpose of the present study is to assess whether this AIDS deaths decline was due entirely to treatment advances, to earlier prevention successes, or a combination of both. Secondarily, we quantitatively estimate the number of AIDS deaths averted (or delayed) by treatment advances over and above prevention effects. The study employed scenario analysis to address the research questions. To answer the primary research question, we examined whether three key predictions derived from the shape and peak of the HIV incidence curve in the USA (and the natural history of HIV disease in the era before highly active antiretroviral therapy [HAART]) about the shape and peak of the AIDS deaths curve were upheld (e.g., one prediction was that the peak of the AIDS deaths curve should occur 10–12 years after the peak of the HIV incidence curve). To the extent that these predictions are supported, there is evidence that earlier HIV prevention efforts impacted the number of AIDS deaths later in the epidemic. To answer the second research question, the observed annual AIDS deaths curve (1995–2002) was compared with three estimated AIDS deaths curves that may have occurred had HAART never became available. Three estimations were employed to reflect a range of assumptions about the lag between the flattening of HIV incidence in the USA and the flattening of AIDS deaths (i.e., 10, 11 or 12 years). For any one of the three-scenario analyses, the quantitative area between the 'observed' and 'estimated' AIDS deaths curves provide an estimate of the number of AIDS deaths averted by HIV/AIDS treatments. The three predictions from the HIV incidence curve (and the pre-HAART natural history of HIV disease) for determining the shape and peak of the AIDS deaths curve were supported thereby indicating the influence of past prevention efforts on recent AIDS deaths. However, the observed decline in AIDS deaths was more precipitous than predicted (indicating the influence of treatment advances). The scenario analyses indicated that between 33,480 and 41,784 AIDS deaths were averted (or delayed) between 1995 and 2002 as a function of treatment. That is, approximately, 206,037 AIDS deaths occurred between 1995 and 2002 (in the HAART era), but between 239,517 and 247,821 likely would have occurred without the advent of HAART. We conclude that both past prevention and current treatment services have lead to the AIDS deaths decline in the USA, and that HAART has averted between 33,480 and 41,784 AIDS deaths in the USA between 1995 and 2002 over and above the effects of early prevention efforts.

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Mthepheya, Chimwemwe Cealla Lita, and Lignet Chepuka. "Knowledge and Practices About Cervical Cancer and Screening Among Married Men in Traditional Authority Nkhumba, Phalombe District." Journal of Global Oncology 3, no. 2_suppl (April 2017): 30s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.2017.009555.

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Abstract 37 Background: Cancer of the cervix is one of the reproductive cancers that are claiming the lives of women worldwide, and Malawi has not been spared. Of the 16 countries with the highest incidence of cervical cancer in Africa, Malawi has been rated the highest, with an incidence of 75.9. Being a reproductive disease, male involvement is critical as men control approximately 95% of sexual relationships in Malawi, but their role in cervical cancer prevention is not known. This study was carried out to investigate the knowledge and practices of married men regarding cervical cancer and screening. Methods: A cross-sectional study recruited 396 married men. Collected data were analyzed by using SPSS for Windows version 16 (SPSS, Chicago, IL). Results: The majority of respondents were not knowledgeable about cervical cancer and cervical cancer screening, as 84.1% did not know the cause, nor did 88.9% know the signs or symptoms of cervical cancer. Only 4% of respondents knew the risk factors, whereas 75.5% had no knowledge. On prevention, 76.5% had no knowledge, and 68.2 % had some knowledge on cervical cancer treatment. Almost all respondents (99%) said they would encourage their spouses to undergo screening, and 71.7 % said that men, as heads of families, are responsible for deciding whether their spouse should access screening services or not. Conclusion: Men have a stake in taking part in cervical cancer prevention. This is a window of opportunity that the Ministry of Health can use to develop strategies that are tailored toward men to participate fully in cervical cancer prevention to reduce its burden. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST No COIs from either author.

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Phiri, Sam, Joe Gumulira, Hannock Tweya, Lameck Chinula, Agnes Moses, Bongani Kaimila, Christopher Stanley, et al. "The Malawi Cancer Consortium – Catalyzing Cancer Care and Research in Southern Africa." Journal of Global Oncology 2, no. 3_suppl (June 2016): 3s—4s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.2016.003780.

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Abstract 68 Background: Cancer burden is increasing in Malawi, particularly for HIV-associated malignancies. Methods: With support from the National Cancer Institute, the Malawi Cancer Consortium (MCC) was initiated in September 2014. Partners include the UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Malawi Ministry of Health, University of Malawi College of Medicine, and Lighthouse Trust. Spanning Malawi’s two major cities, Lilongwe and Blantyre, MCC includes three support cores (administration, analysis, mentoring) and three multi-institution research projects: (1) a national HIV-cancer match study to assess cancer incidence in the ART era; (2) a longitudinal cohort to identify clinical and molecular correlates of KS chemotherapy response; and (3) a longitudinal cohort to elucidate lymphoma biology and develop better treatments for HIV-associated lymphoma. Results: For project 1, 65,500 records from the Malawi National Cancer Registry and Malawi HIV cohorts have been abstracted, and initial data harmonization completed. Record linkage is planned for February 2016, will be updated at regular intervals, and will contribute to regional analyses through the IeDEA- Southern Africa network. For project 2, KS studies through MCC have led to descriptions of KS biologic subtypes defined by viral gene expression profiling, and detailed characterization of multicentric Castleman disease. Malawi has also led enrollment into multinational phase III KS clinical trials implemented by the AIDS Clinical Trials Group and AIDS Malignancy Consortium. For project 3, more than 300 adults and children with lymphoma have been enrolled since June 2014, with approximately 2/3 of adults being HIV-infected. Patients receive standardized treatment and supportive care, and standardized clinical and laboratory evaluations. Specimen-based correlative studies (virologic, genomic, biomarker studies) are ongoing. Finally, the consortium provides a platform for pilot studies in breast and esophageal cancer, and facilitates career development for Malawian cancer investigators. Conclusions: MCC has initiated a national coalition to address cancer in Malawi, and continued progress is anticipated. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: Sam Phiri No relationship to disclose Joe Gumulira No relationship to disclose Hannock Tweya No relationship to disclose Lameck Chinula No relationship to disclose Agnes Moses No relationship to disclose Bongani Kaimila No relationship to disclose Christopher Stanley No relationship to disclose Edwards Kasonkanji No relationship to disclose Steady Chasimpha No relationship to disclose Richard Nyasosela No relationship to disclose Leo Masamba No relationship to disclose Tamiwe Tomoka No relationship to disclose Steve Kamiza No relationship to disclose Mina Hosseinipour No relationship to disclose Nora Rosenberg Research Funding: NIH/NCI Ron Mataya No relationship to disclose Charles Dzamalala No relationship to disclose George Liomba No relationship to disclose Irving Hoffman No relationship to disclose Dirk Dittmer No relationship to disclose Yuri Fedoriw Honoraria: Alexion Pharmaceuticals Blossom Damania No relationship to disclose Satish Gopal No relationship to disclose

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Ligat, Gaëtan, Sophie Alain, and Sébastien Hantz. "Towards a Prophylactic Vaccine for the Prevention of HCMV Infection." Vaccines 9, no. 9 (August 29, 2021): 968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9090968.

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Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) or human herpesvirus 5, is a ubiquitous human herpesvirus, which can cause severe disease in immunocompromised patients (AIDS patients and solid organ transplant or hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients) [...]

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Tepper, Lynn. "The Background and Rationale Behind the Establishment of the First AIDS and the Elderly GSA Interest Group." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3111.

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Abstract Although HIV became known during the decade of the 1980’s, it was not until 1987 that the WHO launched the Global Program on AIDS to raise awareness, generate evidence-based policies, and provide technical and financial support to conduct research, promote NGO participation, and promote the rights of people living with HIV. It was then also that robust educational and prevention initiatives began to take place. At this time, a Columbia University study, led by Dr. Lynn Tepper, a gerontologist, initiated a study to see if the older population fully understood the disease and the practice of prevention behaviors, as they were not a specific target for AIDS education and prevention. This led to the establishment of the AIDS and the Elderly Interest Group, sponsored by GSA, in an attempt to know more about the impact of AIDS in the older population. Part of a symposium sponsored by the HIV, AIDS and Older Adults Interest Group.

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Wawer, Maria J., Ronald H. Gray, Nelson K. Sewankambo, David Serwadda, Lynn Paxton, Seth Berkley, Denise McNairn, et al. "A randomized, community trial of intensive sexually transmitted disease control for AIDS prevention, Rakai, Uganda." AIDS 12, no. 10 (July 1998): 1211–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199810000-00014.

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Herawati, Yenti, and Ritanti. "The Relationship of the Role of Parents and Information Media with HIV/AIDS Prevention Behavior in Adolescents at SMAN 75 Jakarta." Nursing and Health Sciences Journal (NHSJ) 1, no. 1 (July 9, 2021): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.53713/nhs.v1i1.18.

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HIV is a virus that attacks the human immune system and if the condition gets worse and results in various complications, the disease will cause AIDS or Aquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. Adolescent behavior at this time tends to be at risk with promiscuity everywhere so as to increase the incidence of HIV/AIDS for adolescents. The purpose of the research actually for determine the relationship between the role of parents and information media with HIV/AIDS prevention behavior for adolescents at SMAN 75 Jakarta. The type of research is quantitative with cross sectional research design and analyzed by Chi-Square Test. This research conducted in March to June 2020 at SMAN 75 Jakarta involving as of 154 respondents, and the sampling using a random sampling technique. The statistical test results using Chi-Square stated that a significant relationship between the role of parents and information media. (p = 0.007). On the information media with HIV / Aids prevention behavior showed a significant relationship (p = 0,000). It is recommended to students, schools and parents to work together in efforts for prevention of HIV/AIDS.

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Haryani, Tiyas Nur, Ismi Dwi Astuti Nurhaeni, and Argyo Demartoto. "Fulfilment of Gender Needs in HIV and AIDS Control Programs: A Case Study of Housewives in Surakarta, Indonesia." Jurnal Perempuan 22, no. 2 (June 12, 2017): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.34309/jp.v22i2.178.

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<p>Since 2011, the number of case of HIV and AIDS suffered by Indonesian women tends to increase. However, the prevention of HIV and AIDS in Indonesia focuses only on high-risk group. Besides that, measures are not differentiated base on different needs of targeted<br />group of programs. The article discusses gender mainstreaming in the prevention of HIV and AIDS program in Surakarta as well as the fulfilment of gender need of housewife who is prone to HIV and AIDS infection. The article is the result of a qualitative study with interactive analysis method. The research targeted housewives as research subjects due to the increasing number of housewives who suffer from HIV and AIDS infection. Moreover, they even placed as the second highest group infected by the disease in Surakarta. The data was collected from an in-depth interview, documentation and observation. The finding showed that the quality of gender equality in the HIV and AIDS mitigation policy in Surakarta is positioned in a gender neutral level, providing the equal rights and obligations for all citizens, regardless of their sex. This matter gives impact to the prevention of HIV and AIDS program that only focuses on the fulfilment of housewives practical gender needs.</p>

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Pegu, Bhabani, and Bhanu Pratap Singh Gaur. "HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitude among adolescents of Kamrup Metro district, Assam." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 11 (October 25, 2018): 4835. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20184580.

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Background: AIDS is a pandemic disease which is threatening the world population. Its prevention largely depends on health education and behavioural changes based on AIDS awareness, particularly among young adults who are prone to risky behaviour. The objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge and attitude about HIV/AIDS among adolescents of Kamrup Metro district, Assam and to study the relevant socio-demographic factors.Methods: A cross sectional, community based study was conducted for a period of three months. A total of 300 study participants from slum & non slum areas of Kamrup Metro district, Assam were included using two stage random sampling. Interview of adolescents in 15-19 years age group was taken using predesigned and pretested schedule.Results: It was found that 95.7% of respondents had heard about AIDS. Virus as a causative agent was known to 51.6% while only 59.6% of the study subjects knew regarding asymptomatic nature of the disease. Transmission by infected syringes and needles, from infected mother to her baby & by unscreened blood transfusion was known to 69%, 74.2% and 81.8% of respondents respectively. Some misconceptions about the disease were also present. Knowledge regarding availability of treatment and prevention was found among 54.4% and 86.4% of respondents respectively. 66.5% of respondents felt that a person with HIV/AIDS must be isolated. 44% of study subjects believed that HIV/AIDS is curable.Conclusions: Though majority of respondents were aware about AIDS but complete knowledge about this disease is still lacking. There is a need for intensified activities regarding information, education and communication for these vulnerable groups.

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Journal articles on the topic 'AIDS (Disease) – Malawi – Prevention'

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