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1
Kigozi, James Musisi. "Investigating rural Ugandan women's engagement with HIV and AIDS-related programmes on community radio: a case study of Mama FM's Speak out and Listen." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001845.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate how rural Ugandan women engage with discussions of HIV and AIDS on community radio. It explored how this audience may relate such broadcast discussions to their own lived experience of HIV and AIDS. It is explained in the study that, while the Uganda government has an official policy of openly discussing matters of HIV and AIDS, health communication strategies still operate within a context where there is an underlying "culture of silence" that discourages openness about sexual matters. It is also pointed out that there are widespread gender disparities among rural communities, which severely limit women's ability to make use of health communication initiatives aimed at educating them. Against this backdrop, the study sets out to explore audience responses to a particular example of Speak Out and Listen, a weekly programme broadcast on Mama FM, a Kampala-based radio station managed by the Uganda Media Women's Association (UMWA). The study maps out responses to the programme by a particular group of rural women. It is argued that these research participants' comments confirm the importance, noted in literature dealing with health education, of drawing for content on what members of an audience have to say about their own lived context. It is proposed that, despite the existence of a 'culture of silence', the women's comments demonstrate an ability to speak with confidence about their experience of living with HIV and AIDS. Thcy are able, more particularly to discuss the constraints placed by gendered power relations on women's ability to draw on the educational content of programming that targets people living with HIV and AIDS. As such, the comments that such women offer represent a valuable resource for HIV and AIDS related programming. The principal conclusion of the study is that health communication initiatives such as Speak Out and Listen would benefit from facilitating conversations with their target audience about their lived experience of HIV and AIDS, and incorporating such discussion into their programmes
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Gidudu, Patrick Maondo. "A pastoral response to the scourge of AIDS in Uganda Anglican perspective /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1997. http://www.tren.com.
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Plumb, Ellen Joyce. "Syphilis and AIDS in Uganda: an historical perspective." Thesis, Boston University, 2002. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27745.
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Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
2031-01-02
4
Lau, How-chee Vicky. "Aids research centre." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2594518x.
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Kaija, Barbara Night Mbabazi. "An investigation of how Kampala teenagers who read Straight talk negotiate HIV/AIDS messages." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002894.
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This study is a qualitative ethnographic investigation of how teenagers in Kampala, Uganda, who read the HIV/AIDS publication aimed at adolescents, Straight Talk, negotiate HIV/AIDS messages. It seeks to establish to what extent these secondary school teenagers accept the key messages (known as ABC; Abstain, Be faithful or use a Condom) and understand the factual aspects of the messages about HIV/AIDS, its process of transmission and prevention. It also seeks to probe how the lived realities of the teenagers affect their particular negotiations of the HIV/AIDS messages. It includes a focus on how proximity to HIV/AIDS, gender and family economic disposition might affect teenagers, negotiation of the HIV/AIDS meanings. To investigate the respondents’ reception of HIV/AIDS messages, the study employed focus groups that consisted of two stages, namely the ‘news game’ and group discussions. In the ‘news game’ stage (Philo, 1990; Kitzinger, 1993) the teenage participants were required to produce a version of a one-page copy of an HIV/AIDS newspaper targeting teenagers. In the second stage of the focus group a structured discussion probed the teenagers’ negotiation of the HIV/AIDS media messages. In the news game, the teenagers on the whole reproduced the key Straight Talk HIV/AIDS messages ‘Abstain, Be faithful or use a Condom’ and also images showing the effects of HIV/AIDS but featured fewer images depicting the factual aspects of HIV/AIDS process of transmission and risky behaviour. In the structured discussion that followed the news game, it was evident that not all the teenagers necessarily believed the messages they produced. In spite of producing the ABC Straight Talk messages, some of them were uncertain and confused about the absolute safety of the condom because of fears that they were either porous, expired or would interfere with sexual pleasure. Secondly, though many of the teenagers in the study reproduced images that showed that they consider marriage as desirable and talked about their desire to abstain from sex till marriage, a considerable number think abstinence is not achievable due to competing values. Thirdly, the participant teenagers could differentiate between HIV and AIDS but many did not realise that with the advent of anti-retroviral drugs even people who have AIDS can look normal. In spite of repeating the Straight Talk message that “no one was safe” and being aware of the risky behaviour that their fellow teenagers get involved in, the teenagers seemed to think that their age cohort is safe from HIV and it is the adults who are likely to infect them. The study findings further indicate that the teenagers’ lived experience at times influence their negotiation of HIV/AIDS media messages. This was probed in terms of economic standing, gender and proximity to HIV/AIDS. In relation to gender one surprising discovery was that certain girls in the study feared getting pregnant more than getting HIV/AIDS. The study finally suggests that these findings are of significance for designing future media initiatives in relation to HIV/AIDS.
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Ramaley, Patricia A. "Host genetics of HIV-1 infection and disease progression in Uganda." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365714.
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Napakol, Angella. "An Examination of the Coverage of HIV/AIDS in Uganda's Top Newspapers." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29788.
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The following thesis examined the coverage of HIV/AIDS in Uganda's top newspapers. Both evidence from previous literature and this study shows that HIV/ AIDS is a dangerous social, health, and demographic problem which has received varied media attention over the years. This study sought to investigate the different frames used in HIV/ AIDS news stories, the major themes associated with HIV/ AIDS, the different risk groups identified in the news stories, and the different preventatives/correctives provided in the HIV/AIDS news stories so as to discover what has been emphasized or de-emphasized in order to help
the media become more valuable in HIV/ AIDS prevention. While some findings were consistent with previous literature, some were different. The general coverage of HIV/ AIDS news stories was low, with a fluctuating trend in the four-year period. The thematic frame emerged as the most used frame in both The New Vision and The Monitor. The themes of prevention, treatment, prevalence, awareness, moral issue, and stigma and discrimination appeared more frequently. Among the risk groups that appeared most were
children, married couples. and women while some preventatives/correctives that appeared more frequently were diagnosis and antiretroviral therapy. The married couples appeared most in the risk group category for example. This group is a recent addition to the HIV/ AIDS risk group and has quickly become predominant as illustrated by this study hence showing that the concentration of HIV/ AIDS is constantly changing.
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Cruz, Serena. "In Search of Safety, Negotiating Everyday Forms of Risk: Sex Work, Criminalization, and HIV/AIDS in the Slums of Kampala." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2293.
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This dissertation offers an in-depth descriptive account of how women manage daily risks associated with sex work, criminalization, and HIV/AIDS. Primary data collection took place within two slums in Kampala, Uganda over the course of fourteen months. The emphasis was on ethnographic methodologies involving participant observation and informal and unstructured interviewing. Insights then informed document analysis of international and national policies concerning HIV prevention and treatment strategies in the context of Uganda. The dissertation finds social networks and social capital provide the basis for community formation in the sex trade. It holds that these interpersonal processes are necessary components for how women manage daily risks associated with sex work and criminalization. However, the dissertation also finds that women’s social connections can undermine the strategies they need to manage their HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment. This is because current HIV/AIDS policies prioritize individual behavioral change practices that undermine the complex interpersonal activities developed by women to stay alive. In response, this dissertation concludes that social networks are fundamental to the formation of sex work communities and to the survival of women in the sex trade and should be considered in future HIV policies and programs intending to intervene in the HIV epidemic of female commercial sex workers in Kampala, Uganda.
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Lau, How-chee Vicky, and 劉巧枝. "Aids research centre." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31982049.
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Thiboutot, Monika. "The Combined Effects of HIV/AIDS and Structural Adjustment Programs on Ugandan Underdevelopment." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2004. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/730.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucfBachelors
Arts and Sciences
Political Science
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Muhumuza, F. "Goodbye to Projects? ¿ A livelihoods-grounded audit of the AIDS/STD programme in Uganda." Bradford Centre for International Development, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3045.
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Approaches to projects and development have undergone considerable change in the last
decade with significant policy shifts on governance, gender, poverty eradication, and
environmental issues. Most recently this has led to the adoption and promotion of the
sustainable livelihood (SL) approach. The adoption of the SL approach presents
challenges to development interventions including: the future of projects and
programmes, and sector wide approaches (SWAPs) and direct budgetary support.This paper `A livelihoods-grounded audit of the AIDS/STD programme in Uganda¿
the thirteenth in the series of project working papers.Department for International Development
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Muwanguzi, Samuel. "The glocalization and acculturation of HIV/AIDS: The role of communication in the control and prevention of the epidemic in Uganda." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4949/.
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Grounded in the social constructivism tradition, this study examined the role of communication in the glocalization and acculturation of HIV/AIDS by a section of sexually active Ugandans then living in Rakai district during the advent of the epidemic in 1982. Sixty-four women and men participated in ten focus group discussions in Rakai and Kampala districts. Five themes emerged from the data highlighting how individuals and communities made sense of the epidemic, the omnipresence of death, how they understood the HIV/AIDS campaign, and how they are currently coping with its backlash. The study concludes that HIV/AIDS is socially constructed and can be understood better from local perspectives rather than from a globalized view. The study emphasizes the integration of cultural idiosyncrasies in any health communication campaigns to realize behavioral change.
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Bwesigye, Akankunda Denis Amara Soonthorndhada. "The practice of ABC in the prevention of HIV/AIDS : case study of Uganda /." Abstract, 2005. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2548/cd381/4738664.pdf.
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Bitangaro, Barbara Kagoro. "The role of gender relations in decision-making for access to antiretrovirals. A study of the AIDS Support Organisation (TASO) clients, Kampala district, Uganda." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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The way gender relations influence access to care and treatment particularly access to antiretroviral medicines is a challenge to HIV/AIDS programmes and to the individuals and families with HIV. Gender norms that push women and men to adhere to dominant ideals of femininity and masculinity may restrict women's access to economic resources, health care and fuel the spread of HIV. The aim of this study was to determine the role of gender relations in influencing decision-making for access to antiretroviral medicines between partners and in the family.
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Nyakwezi, Kamugasha Sheila. "The use of anthropometric indices as an alternative guide to initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in children at the Mildmay Centre in Uganda /." Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1502.
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Oigarden, David W. "AIDS policies in the developing world : a comparative study." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2001. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/293.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Arts and Sciences
Political Science
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Idahosa, Kenudi Christiana. "Bayliss-Hillman adducts as scaffolds for the construction of novel compounds with medicinal potential." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006763.
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This project has focused on exploring the application of Baylis-Hillman (BH) {a.k.a. Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH)} scaffolds in the construction of various compounds with medicinal potential. A series of 2-nitrobenzaldehydes has been treated under BH conditions, with two different activated alkenes, viz., (MVK) and methyl acrylate, using (DABCO) or (3-HQ) as catalyst. While most of the BH reactions were carried out at room temperature, some reactions were conducted using microwave irradiation. The resulting BH adducts have been subjected to dehydration, conjugate addition and allylic substitution to obtain appropriate intermediates, which have been used in turn, to synthesize possible lead compounds, viz., cinnamate esters as HIV-1 integrase inhibitors, 3-(aminomethyl)quinolines and quinolones as anti-malarials and cinnamate ester-AZT conjugates as dual-action HIV-1 integrase-reverse transcriptase (IN-RT) inhibitors. Conjugate addition reactions of methyl acrylate-derived BH β-hydroxy esters with the amines, piperidine, propargylamine and 2-amino-5-(diethylamino)pentane, has afforded a range of products as diastereomeric mixtures in moderate to excellent yields. Catalytic hydrogenation of the aminomethy β-hydroxy esters derivatives, using a palladium-oncarbon (Pd-C) catalyst, has afforded the corresponding, novel 3-aminomethyl-2- quinolone derivatives in moderate yields. Effective allylic substitution reactions of the MVK-derived BH β-hydroxy ketones (via a conjugate addition-elimination pathway) using in situ-generated HCl has afforded the corresponding α-chloromethyl derivatives, which have been reacted with various amines, including piperidine, piperazine, propargylamine and 2-amino-5-(diethylamino)pentane, to yield α-aminomethyl derivatives. Catalytic hydrogenation of selected α-aminomethyl derivatives, using a Pd-C catalyst, has afforded the corresponding, novel 3- (aminomethyl)-2-methylquinoline derivatives in low to moderate yields. A bioassay, conducted on a 6-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-[(piperidin-1-yl)methyl]quinoline isolated early in the study indicated anti-malarial activity and prompted further efforts in the synthesis of analogous compounds. Reaction of the methyl acrylate-derived BH adducts with POCl3 has provided access to α-(chloromethyl)cinnamate ester derivatives, which have been aminated to afford α- (aminomethyl)cinnamate ester derivatives as potential HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. The α- (propargylaminomethyl)cinnamates were used, in turn, as substrates for the “click chemistry” reaction with 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT– an azide and an established reverse transcriptase HIV-1 inhibitor) to afford cinnamate ester-AZT conjugates as potential dual-action HIV-1 integrase-reverse transcriptase (IN-RT) inhibitors. Computer modelling and docking studies of a cinnamate ester-AZT conjugate into the HIV-1 integrase and reverse transcriptase active-sites revealed potential hydrogen-bonding interactions with amino acid residues within the receptor cavities. The isolated products have been appropriately characterized using IR, 1- and 2-D NMR and HRMS techniques, while elucidation of the stereochemistry of the double bond in the BH-derived halomethyl derivatives has been assigned on the basis of NOE, computer modelling and X-ray crystallographic data.
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Chiringa, Kudakwashe E. M. "Human rights implications of the compulsory HIV/AIDS testing policy: a critical appraisal of the law and practice in South Africa, Uganda and Canada." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1017298.
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HIV/AIDS has been an obstacle to socio-economic development and a major cause of loss of human life. It has also caused vast inequities and frustration to the public health sector. One of the significant efforts made by the public health sector to combat the epidemic is the implementation of a mandatory HIV/AIDS testing policy to scale-up HIV treatment. This dissertation examines the impact of this policy on the human rights of people infected with and affected by HIV/AIDS. Coercive government policies aimed at controlling the AIDS pandemic often infringe on the rights of individuals known to be or suspected of living with HIV/AIDS and this decreases the effectiveness of public health measures. The research methodology involved the study of written literature and a comparative literature study of the law and practice obtaining in South Africa, Uganda and Canada. It revealed that voluntary testing is effective and suitable in South Africa. This dissertation aimed to show that any public health approach that aims to achieve a comprehensive prevention strategy must be consistent with respect for human rights as enshrined in regional and international human rights law. Public health and human rights should, therefore, not be regarded as opposing forces; rather they should be seen as a unified system of protection of human welfare under the Bill of Rights and the Constitution. The solution to the crisis lies not only in testing every single person but also requires a shift of focus to more pressing issues that include gender equality, stigma and discrimination; prioritizing human rights, institutional capacity and resources; and an end to extreme poverty. A human rights-based approach to HIV/AIDS testing, such as the Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) is recommended. Therefore, failure to adhere to the core principles of testing - which are informed consent, counselling and confidentiality of the test result - will only hinder the global fight against HIV/AIDS. The rights of those affected by HIV/AIDS need to be protected in order to address public health imperatives. This can be done through the use of the law as an instrument of social change as well as education and awareness. Key words, HIV/AIDS, mandatory testing, Voluntary Counselling and Testing, public health, human rights-based approach.
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Nyakwezi, Sheila. "The use of anthropometric indices as an alternative guide to initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in children at the Mildmay Centre in Uganda." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2434.
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Thesis (MNutr (Interdisciplinary Health Sciences. Human Nutrition))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.Introduction: More than half a million children worldwide die from the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) each year. In Uganda, HIV/AIDS is a major cause of infant and childhood mortality. Although the government of Uganda, through various strategies, has increased access to antiretroviral drugs (ARVs), resulting in national scaling up of accessibility to antiretroviral therapy (ART), initiation of ART in resource-limited areas remains a challenge due to constraints such as the absence of or limited number of CD4 machines and related laboratory constraints. Further scaling up of ART for children would be greatly strengthened by increased access to laboratory services for CD4 counts or the introduction of alternative indicators or guidelines for the initiation of ART. Aim: This study therefore set out to investigate, through the analysis of retrospectively collected data, whether anthropometric indices (wasting - weight for height; underweight - weight for age; and stunting - height for age) could provide a useful alternative guide when deciding about initiation of ART in children aged 2-12 years in the absence of sophisticated clinical and laboratory support. Methods: The study was conducted at the Mildmay Centre, an HIV/AIDS specialist centre located in Kampala, Uganda. Parameters such as the age at which children had been initiated onto ART, duration on ART, World Health Organisation (WHO) and Centre for Disease Control (CDC) disease stages at time of initiation, anthropometry at time of initiation, CD4% staging at time of initiation, support received from food aid programmes, referral to other health centres as a result of malnutrition and care-giver nutrition education/counselling were all determined retrospectively from clinical records. Results: It was found, based on CDC (2000) growth reference charts, that of the total number of children who took part in this study (N=125), 98.4% were mildly wasted, 52.8% mildly underweight and 75.2% mildly stunted when they were initiated onto ART. Of the children, who had WHO disease staging documented - 40% (N=50), the majority - 86% (N=43) were in WHO disease staging II and III during initiation of ART. and 96% (N=48) were mildly wasted. However, the relationship between WHO disease staging and wasting, underweight, and stunting at initiation of ART in children at the Mildmay centre was not significant. The relationship between CD4% and underweight or stunted children was also not significant. It was established however, that in the absence of CD4 laboratory parameters (since CD4% is vital in the initiation of ART in children) as is the case in resource limited areas, anthropometric indices (moderate to severe wasting, weight for height -W/H) could be used concurrently with CDC and WHO disease staging to initiate ART in children. However, it is important to note that anthropometric indices on their own cannot be used as a guide for initiating ART in children. Conclusion: Anthropometric status alone cannot be used to accurately determine when to initiate ART in children 2-12 years.
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Tadesse, Mizanie Abate. "HIV testing from an African Human Rights System perspective : an analysis of the legal and policy framework of Botswana, Ethiopia and Uganda." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5928_1210839992.
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The HIV/AIDS pandemic poses the greatest threat to Africa's efforts to achieve its full potential in the social, economical and political spheres. Cognizant of its devastating consequences, various mechanisms have been designed to address the issue of HIV/AIDS in Africa. This thesis addressed the question: 'Are the legislations and policies of Ethiopia, Botswana and Uganda providing for various modalities of HIV testing consistent with human rights as enshrined under African Human Rights system?' The author of this dissertation critically analyzed the African human rights instruments and the relevant domestic legislation and policies of the three countries.
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Massingill, Ruth E. "Social marketing strategies for combating HIV/AIDS in rural and/or disadvantaged communities in Mexico, Uganda, and the United States." Thesis, Teesside University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10149/182001.
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With more than 33 million people living with HIV/AIDS, and an infection rate that is increasing rather than falling among high-risk groups, the 30-year history of the AIDS epidemic has been characterised as ‘islands of success in a sea of failure.’ Given the lack of a medical cure for the disease, the world has looked to social marketing campaigns to promote behaviour change that would decrease infection rates. Under the best of circumstances, change is difficult, and health behaviour change, especially when it relates to sex and politics, is even more challenging, so social marketers have a difficult task that calls on every technique at their disposal. There is an increasing expectation that HIV/AIDS social marketing interventions will yield measurable results, and that involves fully understanding the AIDS landscape, marketing theory and practice, and the evolving medical picture relating to the pandemic. This research explores links between social marketing and HIV/AIDS while mapping their marketing connections to both the conventional and alternative medical communities. To better understand the HIV/AIDS landscape, early research focused on three diverse countries— Mexico, Uganda, and the United States—selected for their significant cultural, economic, and political differences. Given the multiple social perspectives and fields of knowledge involved in this project, a transdisciplinary approach using mixed research methods was selected. Mixed methods for collecting and presenting data included case studies, content analysis, semistructured interviews, a quantitative survey, and in-depth reaction interviews. Through analysis of 18 social marketing campaigns in the three countries selected for study, the content, focus, purpose, and implications of the controlled public dissemination of HIV/AIDS information were examined. Key informants with professional and academic credentials in the areas of marketing, advocacy, and HIV/AIDS medicine were interviewed to learn rationales behind the campaigns and to explore political and economic factors that affect HIV/AIDS health activism. The last major phase of information gathering surveyed more than 340 patients at a clinic in Houston, Texas, to ascertain their knowledge and perceptions about HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention information. After the survey data was compiled, reaction interviews from key informants provided additional input. Informed by this wealth of secondary and primary research, an Integrated Social Marketing Conversation (Marcon) Model was created to demonstrate that social marketing campaigns should be localised and customer centred, with participants engaging in an ongoing conversation at every stage. The communication model offers valuable guidelines for more effective dissemination of HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment information to high-risk, high-interest target audiences such as HIV-positive people and the organisations that work with that subculture. Because this research crosses so many boundaries and addresses an actual need, it should be of interest to a wide variety of individuals and organisations in both academic and professional fields. From marketers to medical practitioners to activists associated with HIV/AIDS issues, this project’s findings will apply to their concerns. Also, HIV/AIDS organisations — both government agencies as well as private groups — should find information in this work that addresses their ongoing efforts. While investigating existing models for HIV/AIDS communication, it became evident that most research and communication models have focused on how HIV/AIDS prevention programmes are working and what is effective, but little has been done in regards to treatment options and information. For that reason, the integrated social marcon model presented in this thesis is an important addition to the body of practical literature on this topic. Finally, the volatility of the issues examined here and the contacts made during five years of work offer multiple possibilities for follow-up research and fieldwork with opportunities to make a positive contribution in the battle against the HIV/AIDS pandemic.
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Kiwanuka, Noah. "The Effect of HIV-1 Subtypes of HIV Transmission and Disease Progression in Rakai District, Uganda." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1206989292.
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Boardman, Anelda Philine. "Assessment of genome visualization tools relevant to HIV genome research: development of a genome browser prototype." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3632_1185446929.
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Over the past two decades of HIV research, effective vaccine candidates have been elusive. Traditionally viral research has been characterized by a gene -by-gene approach, but in the light of the availability of complete genome sequences and the tractable size of the HIV genome, a genomic approach may improve insight into the biology and epidemiology of this virus. A genomic approach to finding HIV vaccine candidates can be facilitated by the use of genome sequence visualization. Genome browsers have been used extensively by various groups to shed light on the biology and evolution of several organisms including human, mouse, rat, Drosophila and C.elegans. Application of a genome browser to HIV genomes and related annotations can yield insight into forces that drive evolution, identify highly conserved regions as well as regions that yields a strong immune response in patients, and track mutations that appear over the course of infection. Access to graphical representations of such information is bound to support the search for effective HIV vaccine candidates. This study aimed to answer the question of whether a tool or application exists that can be modified to be used as a platform for development of an HIV visualization application and to assess the viability of such an implementation. Existing applications can only be assessed for their suitability as a basis for development of an HIV genome browser once a well-defined set of assessment criteria has been compiled.
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Nakalawa, Lynda. "Perceptions of mental illness among HIV counselors in Uganda : a qualitative study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96131.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The HIV/AIDS pandemic has led to millions of deaths; disability for the sufferers and multiple socioeconomic effects on HIV infected and affected individuals. Among the factors affecting people living with HIV/AIDS that may contribute to HIV related disability is mental illness such as HIV related manias and depression. ‘HIV counselors’ make up part of the team at the forefront of HIV treatment and management in Uganda but little is known about their perceptions of mental illness. This study therefore sought to explore the perceptions of mental illness among HIV counselors in Uganda. A qualitative study was conducted. Ten individual interviews and three focus group discussions were carried out among 31 HIV counselors. They were selected from five HIV treatment centers in Kampala district, Uganda. An interview guide based on Kleinman’s explanatory model of illness with case vignettes depicting depression, alcohol abuse, mania, and psychosis were used to facilitate discussion. Data was thematically analyzed. HIV counselors exhibited some knowledge concerning depression among HIV positive clients, with some viewing the symptoms of depression as “understandable sadness” arising from the HIV client’s psychosocial reality which is rife with poverty, stigma and lack of social support. Counselors also reported that some of their client’s physical symptoms were a result of their emotional problems. Mania and psychosis were attributed to religious beliefs and witchcraft; and in some cases disease progression or HIV drugs. Chronic alcohol abuse, despite continuous counseling was seen as a waste of the counselor’s time in face of overwhelming numbers of clients per day. Such clients, along with clients with suicidal ideations were often threatened or ignored. Counselors agreed that they needed training on assessment of mental illness, and how difficult cases could be referred.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die MIV/VIGS pandemie het al miljoene sterftes tot gevolg gehad; ook ongeskiktheid vir die lyers en veelvuldige sosio-ekonomiese gevolge vir individue met MIV sowel as ander individue wat daardeur geraak word. Van die faktore wat ‘n uitwerking op mense het wat leef met MIV/VIGS en wat kan bydra tot HIV ongeskiktheid, is geestesversteurings soos HIV verwante manies en depressie. “MIV-voorligters” is deel van ‘n span wat aan die voorpunt staan van die behandeling en bestuur van MIV in Uganda, maar min is bekend oor hulle persepsies van geestesversteuring. In die onderhawige studie is MIV-voorligters in Uganda se persepsies van geestesversteuring ondersoek. ‘n Kwalitatiewe studie is onderneem. Tien individuele onderhoude en drie fokusgroepbesprekings is gedoen onder 31 MIV-voorligters. Hulle is geselekteer uit vyf MIV-behandelingsentrums in die Kampala-distrik, Uganda. ‘n Onderhoudskedule gebaseer op Kleinman se verklarende siektemodel, bestaande uit karakterskets-gevallestudies wat depressie, alkoholmisbruik, manie en psigose uitbeeld, is gebruik om die besprekings te fasiliteer. Die data is tematies ontleed. MIV-voorligters het getoon dat hulle in ‘n mate oor kennis beskik ten opsigte van depressie by MIV-positiewe kliënte. Sommige voorligters het die simptome van depressie beskou as “verstaanbare droewigheid” wat voortspruit uit die MIV-kliënt se psigososiale werklikheid, bestaande uit armoede, stigma en ‘n gebrek aan sosiale ondersteuning. Voorligters het ook gerapporteer dat sommige kliënte se fisiese simptome die gevolg is van emosionele probleme. Manie en psigose is toegeskryf aan godsdienstige oortuigings and toordery; en in sommige gevalle aan progressie van die siekte of MIVmedisyne. As gevolg van die feit dat voorligters daagliks oorlaai word met kliëntgetalle, is kliënte wat kronies alkohol gebruik beskou as ‘n vermorsing van voorligters se tyd, ten spyte van voortdurende voorligting. Sulke kliënte, tesame met kliënte wat selfmoordneigings getoon het, is dikwels gedreig of geïgnoreer. Voorligters was dit eens dat hulle opleiding benodig in die assessering van geestessiekte asook leiding oor hoe om moeilike gevalle te verwys.
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Kakuru, Doris Muhwezi. "The combat for gender equality in education rural livelihood pathways in the context of HIV/AIDS /." Wageningen, the Netherlands : Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2006. http://books.google.com/books?id=1PaeAAAAMAAJ.
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Mazorodze, Tasara. "HIV-related stigma amongst service staff in Grahamstown a comparison of Hi-Tec security guards and Rhodes catering in the Eastern Cape." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002525.
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Despite the acknowledged reality that HIV-related stigma is a major barrier to effective HIV prevention and treatment, and perhaps because it is complex in nature, few local empirical scales have been developed to measure stigma and to be able evaluate the impact of anti-stigma interventions. Whilst the development of two recent South African HIV-related stigma scales can be celebrated as a major breakthrough, the reliability and validity of these scales across contexts remains largely unknown. This research project employs these two local, and competing, HIV-related personal stigma scales - the first developed by Kalichman et al. (2005) and the second developed by Visser, Kershaw, Makin and Forsyth (2008)-to compare the psychometric properties of the scales and to obtain a measure of HIV-related stigma with a sample of 246 service staff employed at either Rhodes University Catering Division or the Hi-Tec Security company, both organisations located in Grahamstown, a small town in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Both organisations are major employers of semi-skilled workers in this local context. The results suggest that the Visser et al. scale (2008) reports slightly better psychometric properties than the Kalichman et al. (2005) scale for this sample. Furthermore, the security guards appear to be more stigmatising than the caterers, and it is suggested that this might be a consequence of the combined influences of normative occupational roles and workplace context. Results also show that participants who practices safe sex, know someone with HIV and/or who have been tested for HIV show lower levels of HIV-related stigma. Finally, personal stigma scores are generally lower than attributed stigma scores, which might offer a useful point of intervention.
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Lutambi, Angelina Mageni. "Basic properties of models for the spread of HIV/AIDS." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/19641.
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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: While research and population surveys in HIV/AIDS are well established in developed countries, Sub-Saharan Africa is still experiencing scarce HIV/AIDS information. Hence it depends on results obtained from models. Due to this dependence, it is important to understand the strengths and limitations of these models very well. In this study, a simple mathematical model is formulated and then extended to incorporate various features such as stages of HIV development, time delay in AIDS death occurrence, and risk groups. The analysis is neither purely mathematical nor does it concentrate on data but it is rather an exploratory approach, in which both mathematical methods and numerical simulations are used. It was found that the presence of stages leads to higher prevalence levels in a short term with an implication that the primary stage is the driver of the disease. Furthermore, it was found that time delay changed the mortality curves considerably, but it had less effect on the proportion of infectives. It was also shown that the characteristic behaviour of curves valid for most epidemics, namely that there is an initial increase, then a peak, and then a decrease occurs as a function of time, is possible in HIV only if low risk groups are present. It is concluded that reasonable or quality predictions from mathematical models are expected to require the inclusion of stages, risk groups, time delay, and other related properties with reasonable parameter values.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Terwyl navorsing en bevolkingsopnames oor MIV/VIGS in ontwikkelde lande goed gevestig is, is daar in Afrika suid van die Sahara slegs beperkte inligting oor MIV/VIGS beskikbaar. Derhalwe moet daar van modelle gebruik gemaak word. Dit is weens hierdie feit noodsaaklik om die moontlikhede en beperkings van modelle goed te verstaan. In hierdie werk word ´n eenvoudige model voorgelˆe en dit word dan uitgebrei deur insluiting van aspekte soos stadiums van MIV outwikkeling, tydvertraging by VIGS-sterftes en risikogroepe in bevolkings. Die analise is beklemtoon nie die wiskundage vorme nie en ook nie die data nie. Dit is eerder ´n verkennende studie waarin beide wiskundige metodes en numeriese simula˙sie behandel word. Daar is bevind dat insluiting van stadiums op korttermyn tot ho¨er voorkoms vlakke aanleiding gee. Die gevolgtrekking is dat die primˆere stadium die siekte dryf. Verder is gevind dat die insluiting van tydvestraging wel die kurwe van sterfbegevalle sterk be¨ınvloed, maar dit het min invloed op die verhouding van aangestekte persone. Daar word getoon dat die kenmerkende gedrag van die meeste epidemi¨e, naamlik `n aanvanklike styging, `n piek en dan `n afname, in die geval van VIGS slegs voorkom as die bevolking dele bevat met lae risiko. Die algehele gevolgtrekking word gemaak dat vir goeie vooruitskattings met sinvolle parameters, op grond van wiskundige modelle, die insluiting van stadiums, risikogroepe en vertragings benodig word.
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Mailula, Gaefele Simon. "Listening to the unheard stories of children affected by HIV and AIDS in a bereavement process in the Mamelodi Township of Tshwane a narrative research study /." Thesis, Pretoria [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/avaialble/etd-09252009-011209/.
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Mitchell, Gillian Valerie. "An evaluation of the impact of a ten hour HIV/AIDS prevention programme on male adolescents' HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes and beliefs." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23667.
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Montague, Carl Thomas. "Developing a strategy for a centre of competence for HIV research and development in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/892.
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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.The government has identified the need to transform the South African economy from one that is primarily resource based to one that is knowledge-based and has formulated a 10 year plan in order to accomplish this objective. The plan involves the creation and funding of five theme-specific consortium-based centres of competence that focus on the five top national health priorities, linked to the growth of the local pharmaceutical industry. This research study proposed that if collaboration and communication between academic researchers and the biotechnology industry in South Africa was improved it would lead to an increase in the development of innovative products for HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment. The objective of the study was the development of a strategy for a centre of competence for HIV research and development that brings together academic researchers and industry in a public private partnership and that will enable the proposal to be tested. Centre of competence programmes in both developed and developing countries, including Sweden, Austria and Estonia, were reviewed. The success factors for the various programmes were discussed. The strategic planning analysis began by considering the mandate of the CoC for HIV R&D. The requirements and expectations of the DST in establishment of the centres of competence were examined. An analysis of the external environment relevant to the South African biotechnology industry was then performed. This involved a detailed macro-environmental analysis in which political, economic, social, technological and environmental factors were considered. It was followed by an analysis of the current biotechnology industry in South Africa. The industry’s dominant economic features were identified as were its future driving forces. In a competitive environment analysis the South African biotechnology industry was found to be extremely competitive. Two industry issues, price controls and access to capital, were identified and discussed. The industry key success factors identified included access to large and sustained capital, attracting and retaining talented employees, an efficient and high quality regulatory authority, continued government support, productive and appropriate partnerships and skilled intellectual property management. An internal environment analysis was performed which identified competencies and resource strengths of the CoC for HIV R&D, including the high level of academic research in the HIV/AIDS field and expertise in clinical trials of HIV/AIDS products. Competitive deficiencies and resource weaknesses identified included shortages of skills and talent and the lack of co-ordination for funding of HIV/AIDS research. The analysis of the internal environment continued with the examination of the internal value chain of the CoC for HIV R&D. This consisted of discovery, pre-clinical development and clinical development stages. Gaps in the value chain were identified, including the lack of facilities for high-throughput screening of compounds for anti-HIV activity, lack of pre-clinical testing facilities and lack of manufacturing plants capable of producing products for use in clinical trials. The results of the external and internal environment analysis were used in a SWOC analysis and a number of strategies were identified to capitalise on opportunities and to address challenges. A subsequent competitive strength assessment identified a competitive advantage in the formation of the CoC for HIV R&D. In addition a number of strategic issues facing the centre were identified and ways to address or manage the issues were proposed. The strategic planning process was completed by the selection of a strategic approach for the CoC for HIV R&D. The study concluded that a PPP of public and private organisations operating under a corporate strategy of related diversification developed and implemented by the CoC for HIV R&D, would be suitable for testing the Proposal. The study’s conclusion also highlighted the need to ensure that the CoC for HIV R&D receives a long term commitment of funding from public sources, and that is managed by an experienced team with strong leadership skills. Important strategies emerging from the study and specifically from the SWOC analysis were development of a national HIV research plan and funding of the highest priority projects; focusing research funding on research with greatest potential for generation of HIV/AIDS products; and establishment of new technology platforms to fill gaps in the value chain. Finally, a number of recommendations were made for implementation of the results of this study or as the basis for further study.
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Mdlalose, Buhle Ndo Nontobeko. "Women's experience of being HIV positive The stigma related to HIV and disclosure of their status /." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04052007-135132.
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Van, der Walt Corneli. "Forgiveness liberating or restraining? Exploring the constructions of forgiveness of people living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) /." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09112007-091049.
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Takaidza, Isaac. "Modelling the optimal efficiency of industrial labour force in the presence of HIV/AIDs pandemic." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1305.
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Thesis (DTech (Mechanical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012In this thesis, we investigate certain key aspects of mathematical modelling to explain the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS at the workplace and to assess the potential benefits of proposed control strategies. Deterministic models to investigate the effects of the transmission dynamics of HIV/AIDS on labour force productivity are formulated. The population is divided into mutually exclusive but exhaustive compartments and a system of differential equations is derived to describe the spread of the epidemic. The qualitative features of their equilibria are analyzed and conditions under which they are stable are provided. Sensitivity analysis of the reproductive number is carried out to determine the relative importance of model parameters to initial disease transmission. Results suggest that optimal control theory in conjunction with standard numerical procedures and cost effective analysis can be used to determine the best intervention strategies to curtail the burden HIV/AIDS is imposing on the human population, in particular to the global economy through infection of the most productive individuals. We utilise Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle to derive and then analyze numerically the conditions for optimal control of the disease with effective use of condoms, enlightenment/educational programs, treatment regime and screening of infectives. We study the potential impact on productivity of combinations of these conventional control measures against HIV. Our numerical results suggest that increased access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) could decrease not only the HIV prevalence but also increase productivity of the infected especially when coupled with prevention, enlightenment and screening efforts.
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Katito, José. "The Role of Social Research in the Fight Against HIV/AIDS in Brazil and South Africa, 1990s-2010s. An Assessment of the Socio-Political Context of Knowledge Production and Use." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285929.
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The core argument of the present work is articulated in four points. First, social- science knowledge is crucial to understand and combat HIV/AIDS; second, integrated and engaged social-science is especially vital for such endeavor; third, integrated and engaged scholarship of HIV/AIDS has been prominent in Brazil (since 1990s) and South Africa (since 2000s); Fourth, Brazil’s earlier use of social- science knowledge in HIV/AIDS policy accounts for its success in tackling the epidemic, and South Africa has only recently started making effort in this direction.
The theoretical background of the present discussion consists in social-science approaches to problem-solving and policy-making within the debates about the role of social-science in modern states formation. It is about history and epidemiology of the social sciences, but the discussion goes beyond these instances and maintains a normative approach to academics social responsibility to contribute more directly and consciously to national development. In this sense, this is a matter of both cameral social-science (linked to public policy design and evaluation: John Goldthorpe) and public social-science (in support of to civil society for social justice: Alain Touraine, Michael Burawoy).
The rationale and main objective of the thesis substantiates in three questions: first, why HIV/AIDS? second, why social-science? and, third, why Brazil and South Africa? In this regard, it is argued that: HIV/AIDS is a complex social problem that needs and allows comprehensive analysis; the role of social-science knowledge in HIV/AIDS interventions, as well as the impact of the epidemic on social-science, are understudied; and, finally, Brazil and South Africa are good examples to demonstrate how the use of social-science knowledge accounts for the success of health policy oriented to HIV/AIDS.
Indeed, Brazil was far superior to South Africa until a decade ago (it is still the case, to some extent) in responding effectively to the HIV/AIDS epidemic by implementing a nation-wide comprehensive program of prevention, treatment and care. It is then suggested that this was partly due to a consistent use of social- science knowledge that helped the state to go beyond the concept of risk-groups.
Based on these premises, it is here suggested that social scientists played a significant role in Brazil’s National AIDS Program by infusing politics with the concept of social vulnerability to HIV/AIDS. This means that interventions need to go beyond risk-groups and information-based strategies (that characterized the initial HIV/AIDS studies and programs), as demonstrated by the global debate on the locus of behavioral change in HIV/AIDS studies and interventions. Following the shift of approaches from individual and information-based strategies to structural factors and holistic approaches (the latter being in vogue since the 1990s globally), social scientists in Brazil suggested that it was necessary to improve people’s social, cultural and economic circumstances in order to create healthy supporting contexts.
This was associated with Brazil state’s political will to prioritize HIV/AIDS and to act collectively, which implied alliances between administrative levels (federal state, local states, and municipalities), civil society and academics. So, social
scientists were great protagonists in the battle against the HIV/AIDS in Brazil within this climate of political will and collective action against the epidemic. The same cannot be said in the case of South Africa.
This particularly explains the divergent policy outcomes: Brazil’s low and concentrated HIV incidence rate (0.5%), and South Africa’s generalized epidemic and high incidence rate of HIV infection (18%). This is despite the fact that by the HIV emergence the two countries were rather similar societies in terms of general state capacity, civil society involvement, Human Development Index, and epidemiological profile. The former point means that by the HIV outburst the initial risk-group in both countries was constituted by male middle-class homosexuals – as situation that radically and rapidly reversed more in South Africa than in Brazil, although pauperization, feminization and heterosexualization of HIV infection are aspects that characterize both countries today.
Brazil’s major political will and cohesiveness, with social scientists’ participation, falsifies arguments according to which Brazil’s superiority – compared to South Africa - in tackling HIV/AIDS is due to the countries’ earlier democratization (1986 vs 1994), the role of World Bank’s loans throughout the 1990s, and Brazilian elites’ tradition of investment in public health. Indeed, first, Brazil’s National AIDS Plan was already well established by the end of 1980s had already made progress towards a comprehensive program of prevention, treatment and care. Brazil’s National AIDS Plan created early on an inter-ministerial body (compressing the ministries of health, education, labor and justice) and defined clear authorities responsible for HIV/AIDS policies. Second, South African elites’ were equally prone to invest in public health, for Brazil was not superior in this field.
Hence, the present work suggests that it was political will and collective action that permitted Brazil to act more promptly and aggressively against the HIV/AIDS epidemic until a decade ago. In turn, here’s the core argument – this positive atmosphere facilitated the production and inclusion of massive use- inspired research that informed HIV/AIDS policy about the complexity of the epidemic and the most appropriate measures to reverse it. For example, social research helped Brazil to enlighten Brazilians’ openness towards sex, sexuality and sexual diversity, whereby not only did prevention social actors find it easy to discuss those issues for the sake of prevention initiatives, but also permitted the government to involve gay groups, rather than stigmatizing them.
Importantly, Brazil state’s openness towards social-science was part of a general positive attitude towards science, whereby the use of biomedical measures (explanation of HIV-AIDS link and provision of antiretroviral drugs to infected persons) was an essential element in the response to the epidemic.
By contrast, holistic and large-scale inquiries and, above all, their use in policy were late to emerge in South Africa (between the end 1990s and early 2000s). This contributed to HIV/AIDS policy being poorly informed by social-science until a decade ago. HIV/AIDS policy in South Africa was consequently characterized by negligence and inaction (in the initial phase), simplistic explanations (like the negative impact of poverty on vulnerability to HIV infection without the exploration of its link with cultural factors), and denial. The state had a hostile
attitude towards orthodox biomedical professionals and civil society organizations who sought to combat the epidemic through mainstream science. Therefore, the state went through controversial policies that ultimately prohibited the provision of antiretroviral therapy in the public sector and was hostile to mainstream social theory of HIV/AIDS. This negative political scenario hampered the contribution of social scientists in the battle against the epidemic in South Africa. Contrary to Brazil, HIV/AIDS use-inspired research was not fomented and academics activism was not welcomed by South African state. The situation would only improve in mid-2000s when the state commenced providing public antiretroviral therapies and making progress in prevention programs. Relatedly, the state started then to work in concert with civil society and academics. This was partly a result of a series of high court instructions for the state to accomplish its constitutional duty to provide health services, following a case law-suited by Treatment Action Campaign, the leading civil society AIDS organization.
More importantly, HIV/AIDS social-science which was carried out in South Africa until a decade ago relevant, nevertheless. The unfortunate story is that it was not used for policy design and evaluation. Social scientists in South Africa did seek to stress the concept of social vulnerability, warning against the impact of poverty and inequalities, misogyny, magical thinking and traditional healers, just to mention a few. But these insights found no support of the state.
It is this early South African scholarship of HIV/AIDS that constitutes the basis for today’s vibrant comprehensive and engaged social-science in the country, whereby South Africa is making-up with its delay. Besides reflection on the complexity of HIV/AIDS and the need for integrated interventions, we can single out some fields of research-action in which the history of HIV/AIDS scholarship materializes: public policy (cameral social-science), peer educators and teachers training, and harm reduction programs for injecting drug users (the latter characterizing especially Brazil).
Both in Brazil and South Africa, integrated and engaged scholarship has boosted cross-disciplinarity and multidimensional approaches, as well as debates about academics social responsibility in terms of use-inspired research and research- action. Such debate is largely shaped by reflections on the timing of Brazil’s and South Africa’s responses to the epidemic - early in the former and late in the latter
– and the related outcomes with regard to HIV incidence rates. It is to this debate that the present dissertation seeks to contribute by suggesting that the use of social-science knowledge made a difference in Brazil’s success and South Africa’s failure in tackling the HIV/AIDS epidemic until a decade ago. Furthermore, the thesis goes on, social-science engagement with HIV/AIDS, theoretically and practically, will continue to shape the way in which we conceive of the position and the role of social-science knowledge in society.
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Galant, Raashied. "The coalface of journalism: A qualitative research investigation into development communication objectives amongst rural newspapers in the Overberg District." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4190.
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Thesis (MPhil (Journalism))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.131 p.
This thesis explores how six commercial local newspapers based in the towns of Swellendam, Bredasdorp, Caledon and Gansbaai are reporting on gender and HIV/AIDS in ways that may help to shift specific attitudes as well as to generate appropriate community responses. The overall aim of the study is to advance theories around the location of commercial news media in the development context. It also aims to inform and empower development workers and activists on the opportunities or pitfalls in engaging with rural local media to advance their development goals. In most prior studies into the nature of gender or HIV/AIDS reporting in the media in South Africa, the focus has been exclusively on mainstream corporate and/or urbanbased media titles and very little investigation has been done into the performance of small ruralbased media. The study employs two methods of data collection namely, a quantitative content analysis of newspapers and structured interviews with the editors of the papers, and a sample group of government employees and community activists in the respective towns. The structured interviews provide a qualitative dimension to the content analysis, bearing in mind the dangers of quantifying media content and making isolated judgements on the actual context of journalistic practice. Through the interviews, the researcher has been able to explore the extent to which the perceptions of the media editors visavis a public interest role with respect to gender and HIV/AIDS actually differs from the quantitative evidence of their performance and the perceptions of key informants in their communities. The findings of the study suggest that local rural media hold out great hope with respect to the advancement of development communication goals through commercial media platforms. The editors in the four towns have established organic connections with their community, albeit tenuous, but which extend into the ranks of development workers in their towns. The data from the content analysis suggests that women enjoy high visibility in the pages of their local papers, and they are most likely to be portrayed as positive achievers than as women encountering violence. The tenuous nature of the connections between editor and community are most starkly evident around the issue of HIV/AIDS, with coverage of this being very low despite much work being undertaken in the community to deal with the pandemic. With respect to the issue of gender, there was demonstrable evidence from actual examples of content, that showed on the one hand the capacity to motivate for change in women's lives, but also on the other hand a danger of reinforcing attitudes that compound women's oppression. The study offers recommendations to a range of roleplayers to ensure, firstly, the continued survival of local rural newspapers, and also support in building capacity to see these papers mature into journalism products that are integrative and transformative.
Ford Foundation and the Media Development and Diversity Agency
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Loots, Mathilda Christina. "'n Verkenning van opvoeders se mobilisering van bates ter ondersteuning van gemeenskapshantering van MIV/VIGS." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09052005-122103/.
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Tavares, Lucas Alves. "O envolvimento da proteína adaptadora 1 (AP-1) no mecanismo de regulação negativa do receptor CD4 por Nef de HIV-1." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17136/tde-06012017-113215/.
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O Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV) é o agente etiológico da Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (AIDS). A AIDS é uma doença de distribuição mundial, e estima-se que existam atualmente pelo menos 36,9 milhões de pessoas infectadas com o vírus. Durante o seu ciclo replicativo, o HIV promove diversas alterações na fisiologia da célula hospedeira a fim de promover sua sobrevivência e potencializar a replicação. A rápida progressão da infecção pelo HIV-1 em humanos e em modelos animais está intimamente ligada à função da proteína acessória Nef. Dentre as diversas ações de Nef está a regulação negativa de proteínas importantes na resposta imunológica, como o receptor CD4. Sabe-se que esta ação resulta da indução da degradação de CD4 em lisossomos, mas os mecanismos moleculares envolvidos ainda são totalmente elucidados. Nef forma um complexo tripartite com a cauda citosólica de CD4 e a proteína adaptadora 2 (AP-2), em vesículas revestidas por clatrina nascentes, induzindo a internalização e degradação lisossomal de CD4. Pesquisas anteriores demonstraram que o direcionamento de CD4 aos lisossomos por Nef envolve a entrada do receptor na via dos corpos multivesiculares (MVBs), por um mecanismo atípico, pois, embora não necessite da ubiquitinação de carga, depende da ação de proteínas que compõem os ESCRTs (Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport) e da ação de Alix, uma proteína acessória da maquinaria ESCRT. Já foi reportado que Nef interage com subunidades dos complexos AP-1, AP-2, AP-3 e Nef não parece interagir com subunidades de AP-4 e AP-5. Entretanto, o papel da interação de Nef com AP-1 e AP-3 na regulação negativa de CD4 ainda não está totalmente elucidado. Ademais, AP-1, AP-2 e AP-3 são potencialmente heterogêneos devido à existência de isoformas múltiplas das subunidades codificadas por diferentes genes. Todavia, existem poucos estudos para demonstrar se as diferentes combinações de isoformas dos APs são formadas e se possuem propriedades funcionais distintas. O presente trabalho procurou identificar e caracterizar fatores celulares envolvidos na regulação do tráfego intracelular de proteínas no processo de regulação negativa de CD4 induzido por Nef. Mais especificamente, este estudo buscou caracterizar a participação do complexo AP-1 na modulação negativa de CD4 por Nef de HIV-1, através do estudo funcional das duas isoformas de ?-adaptina, subunidades de AP-1. Utilizando a técnica de Pull-down demonstramos que Nef é capaz de interagir com ?2. Além disso, nossos dados de Imunoblot indicaram que a proteína ?2-adaptina, e não ?1-adaptina, é necessária no processo de degradação lisossomal de CD4 por Nef e que esta participação é conservada para degradação de CD4 por Nef de diferentes cepas virais. Ademais, por citometria de fluxo, o silenciamento de ?2, e não de ?1, compromete a diminuição dos níveis de CD4 por Nef da membrana plasmática. A análise por imunofluorêsncia indireta também revelou que a diminuição dos níveis de ?2 impede a redistribuição de CD4 por Nef para regiões perinucleares, acarretando no acúmulo de CD4, retirados por Nef da membrana plasmática, em endossomos primários. A depleção de ?1A, outra subunidade de AP-1, acarretou na diminuição dos níveis celulares de ?2 e ?1, bem como, no comprometimento da eficiente degradação de CD4 por Nef. Além disso, foi possível observar que, ao perturbar a maquinaria ESCRT via super-expressão de HRS (uma subunidade do complexo ESCRT-0), ocorreu um acumulo de ?2 em endossomos dilatados contendo HRS-GFP, nos quais também detectou-se CD4 que foi internalizado por Nef. Em conjunto, os resultados indicam que ?2-adaptina é uma importante molécula para o direcionamento de CD4 por Nef para a via ESCRT/MVB, mostrando ser uma proteína relevante no sistema endo-lisossomal. Ademais, os resultados indicaram que as isoformas ?-adaptinas não só possuem funções distintas, mas também parecem compor complexos AP-1 com diferentes funções celulares, já que apenas a variante AP-1 contendo ?2, mas não ?1, participa da regulação negativa de CD4 por Nef. Estes estudos contribuem para o melhor entendimento dos mecanismos moleculares envolvidos na atividade de Nef, que poderão também ajudar na melhor compreensão da patogênese do HIV e da síndrome relacionada. Em adição, este trabalho contribui para o entendimento de processos fundamentais da regulação do tráfego de proteínas transmembrana no sistema endo-lisossomal.The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the etiologic agent of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). AIDS is a disease which has a global distribution, and it is estimated that there are currently at least 36.9 million people infected with the virus. During the replication cycle, HIV promotes several changes in the physiology of the host cell to promote their survival and enhance replication. The fast progression of HIV-1 in humans and animal models is closely linked to the function of an accessory protein Nef. Among several actions of Nef, one is the most important is the down-regulation of proteins from the immune response, such as the CD4 receptor. It is known that this action causes CD4 degradation in lysosome, but the molecular mechanisms are still incompletely understood. Nef forms a tripartite complex with the cytosolic tail of the CD4 and adapter protein 2 (AP-2) in clathrin-coated vesicles, inducing CD4 internalization and lysosome degradation. Previous research has demonstrated that CD4 target to lysosomes by Nef involves targeting of this receptor to multivesicular bodies (MVBs) pathway by an atypical mechanism because, although not need charging ubiquitination, depends on the proteins from ESCRTs (Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport) machinery and the action of Alix, an accessory protein ESCRT machinery. It has been reported that Nef interacts with subunits of AP- 1, AP-2, AP-3 complexes and Nef does not appear to interact with AP-4 and AP-5 subunits. However, the role of Nef interaction with AP-1 or AP-3 in CD4 down-regulation is poorly understood. Furthermore, AP-1, AP-2 and AP-3 are potentially heterogeneous due to the existence of multiple subunits isoforms encoded by different genes. However, there are few studies to demonstrate if the different combinations of APs isoforms are form and if they have distinct functional properties. This study aim to identify and characterize cellular factors involved on CD4 down-modulation induced by Nef from HIV-1. More specifically, this study aimed to characterize the involvement of AP-1 complex in the down-regulation of CD4 by Nef HIV-1 through the functional study of the two isoforms of ?-adaptins, AP-1 subunits. By pull-down technique, we showed that Nef is able to interact with ?2. In addition, our data from immunoblots indicated that ?2- adaptin, not ?1-adaptin, is required in Nef-mediated targeting of CD4 to lysosomes and the ?2 participation in this process is conserved by Nef from different viral strains. Furthermore, by flow cytometry assay, ?2 depletion, but not ?1 depletion, compromises the reduction of surface CD4 levels induced by Nef. Immunofluorescence microscopy analysis also revealed that ?2 depletion impairs the redistribution of CD4 by Nef to juxtanuclear region, resulting in CD4 accumulation in primary endosomes. Knockdown of ?1A, another subunit of AP-1, resulted in decreased cellular levels of ?1 and ?2 and, compromising the efficient CD4 degradation by Nef. Moreover, upon artificially stabilizing ESCRT-I in early endosomes, via overexpression of HRS, internalized CD4 accumulates in enlarged HRS-GFP positive endosomes, where co-localize with ?2. Together, the results indicate that ?2-adaptin is a molecule that is essential for CD4 targeting by Nef to ESCRT/MVB pathway, being an important protein in the endo-lysosomal system. Furthermore, the results indicate that ?-adaptins isoforms not only have different functions, but also seem to compose AP-1 complex with distinct cell functions, and only the AP-1 variant comprising ?2, but not ?1, acts in the CD4 down-regulation induced by Nef. These studies contribute to a better understanding on the molecular mechanisms involved in Nef activities, which may also help to improve the understanding of the HIV pathogenesis and the related syndrome. In addition, this work contributes with the understanding of primordial process regulation on intracellular trafficking of transmembrane proteins.
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Iraka, Timothy Atwine. "An analysis of HIV/AIDS policy development and implimentation at two Ugandan Universities." Diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4968.
Full textAbstract:
Title on printed copy differs slightly from ETD. Title on printed copy: A critical analysis of HIV/AIDS policy development and implementation at selected Ugandan universitiesThe main objectives of the study were to analyse the process involved in HIV/AIDS policy development and implementation at two selected universities in Uganda. The rationale for the study was to describe the policy development process and to identify how such institutional policies can be planned, operationalised, monitored and evaluated. The study used a qualitative approach which involved key informant interviews and focus group discussions. The selected institutions were Makerere University Kampala (MUK)and Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST). The findings show that MUST have a comprehensive HIV/AIDS Institutional Policy (HIP) which followed several stages during policy development. The basic stages identified were policy formulation, policy adoption, policy implementation and policy evaluation. The findings also show that MUST have a comprehensive implementation plan. In contrast, MUK had no record of the HIV/AIDS institutional policy development process. However, MUK had implemented the policy successfully through the University Hospital and Gender Mainstreaming Division.
Social Work
M.A. (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV/AIDS)
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O'Manique, Catherine Colleen. "The pandemic of globalization Uganda in the international policy response to HIV/AIDS /." 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNQ27310.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--York University, 1997. Graduate Programme in Political Science.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 281-297). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser By entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNQ27310.
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Helderman, Carolena. "HIV/AIDS positive stories : research report." 2002. http://www.hivaids.webcentral.com.au.
Full textAbstract:
"As a partial requirement for Master of Arts (Animation & Interactive Media) by Research Project 25th March 2002, studied at Centre for Animation and Interactive Media, School of Creative Media, Faculty of Art, Design and Communication" Typescript (photocopy) Bibliography: leaves 66-67. Internet access at: http://www.hivaids.webcentral.com.au/
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Mabirizi, David. "Adults mortality trends since the introduction of free anti retroviral therapy in the rural hospital of Uganda." Diss., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4076.
Full textAbstract:
Uganda has experienced 1.6 million deaths to HIV/AIDS related illness. Introduction of free-ART in rural hospitals that bear the burden od AIDS reduces adults morbidity and mortality. The study design was a quantitative, retrospective and descriptive design through data mining of medical records. In the six years, hospital admissions decreased by 16.7% and the median age at death increased by seven years. Hospital admissions decreased from three to seven deaths per 100 admissions per month. Male and female mortality was 1:1.6 and females in the 15-34 age group had a 37% higher likeliness of dying in hospital compared to males. Deaths from sub-countries with an ART site reduced by 4% to 8.6%. The data revealed that despite ART coverage of 60%, mortality rates showed a rising trend. Free access to ART's over three years did not make any observable changes to overall mortality. Therefore, ART access contributed to a decline in overall hospital admissions, an increase in median age at time of death and a reduction in deaths from sub-counties with an ART site. There was no reduction in overall hospital mortality rate.M.A. (Public Health)
Health Studies
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Kiwombojjo, Michael. "The role of capacity building in community home based care for AIDS patients: an exploratory study of Taso : Sseeta-Nazigo Community Aids Initiative." Diss., 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/748.
Full textAbstract:
The focused of this study is the role of capacity building in Community Home Based Care (CHBC) for HIV/AIDS patients. The study forms part of my Master's in Development Administration programme, undertaken through UNISA. The dissertation was accomplished by studying the
TASO community initiative in Sseeta-Nazigo, Mukono District, Uganda. It explores the concept of capacity building and its applicability to CHBC.
The primacy data was gathered by conducting Key Infonnant Interviews (KIIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGD). The secondary data was gathered by reviewing literature to augment the primary data. In addition, data was gathered through observations within the community.
The fmdings have identified seven critical components of capacity building: community mobilisation, skills development, Information, Education and Communication (IEC) Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT), networking and collaboration, support and supervision, Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E). The study observed that capacity built in the above areas resulted in three outcomes: skills development, improvement in procedures, and institutional development. Informed recommendations were subsequently made related to the seven componentsof capacity building in CHBCDevelopment Studies
M. A. (Development Studies)
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Sendagala, Samuel. "Factors affecting the adherence to atiretroviral therapy by HIV positive patients treated in a community based HIV/AIDS care programme in rural Uganda : a case in Tororo district." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/5356.
Full text
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Oundo, Jescar Naome. "Women, poverty and HIV/AIDS : a challenge to women's spirituality : a case study of Mpererwe Township, Kampala-Uganda." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1336.
Full textAbstract:
This study is designed to assess the causes and the effects of poverty and HIV/AIDS on women's spirituality. A case study of Mpererwe Township in Kampala, Uganda was chosen because this researcher has been staying in this township now for 7 years; and has seen most women experiencing difficulties in their daily lives. Poverty and HIV/AIDS among women of Mpererwe Township is a much-needed area of study because the majority of women's lives and their contribution to development have been hampered by economic, religious, political, social and cultural structures. However, all in all, the purpose of this social analysis was first, to identify the factors that render Mpererwe women to be vulnerable to ill situations that pave the way to poverty and HIV/AIDS conditions. Then thereafter, to suggest strategies that may transform the physical, political, religious, economic and social life of women in Mpererwe Township.Thesis (M.Th.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2006.
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Serote, Yvonne Mapule. "HIV/AIDS patients' management of depression." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6228.
Full textAbstract:
M.A.Hubley (1990) notes that Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a relatively recently recognized disease. It is caused by infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which attacks selected cells in the immune system and produces defects in functioning. These defects may not be apparent for years. They lead, however, to a severe suppression of the immune system's ability to resist harmful organisms. This leaves the body open to an invasion by various infections, which are therefore called opportunistic diseases, and to the development of unusual cancers. The virus also tends to reach certain brain cells. This leads to so-called neuropsychiatric abnormalities or psychological disturbances caused by physical damage to nerve cells. Many of those infected with HIV may not even be aware that they carry and can spread the virus. Combating it is a major challenge to biomedical scientists and health-care providers. HIV infection and AIDS occur among the most pressing public policy and public health problems world-wide. Since the first HIV/AIDS cases have been reported in 1981, through mid-1993, more than 600 cases were reported in South Africa. This is only the tip of the iceberg of HIV/AIDS infection as it was estimated that between 2 and 2.5 million South Africans had been infected with the virus through the early 1990s but not yet developed the clinical symptoms. In terms of the historical data from previous surveys (ie. the results of the 1996 survey) in South Africa confirmed the trend of a growing HIV/AIDS epidemic. HIV infection has increased in all provinces, but Kwa-Zulu Natal and Mpumalanga had the highest HIV prevalence rates of 18,23% compared to 1994's '14,35% and 16-18%, compared to 12-16% respectively (see table 1).. Of particular concern are the pregnant women in South Africa under twenty years where a prevalence of 12,78% has been found. Thirty per cent of babies born to HIV positive women in South Africa are infected. Of the 3638 births in VVitbank — a rather small town in Mpumalanga-.Province — in 1996, 219 of the women were tested HIV positive (Masiphile Vol. 1: 1997).
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Marcus, Carin. "The cultural context of HIV/AIDS in South Africa." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1227.
Full textAbstract:
M.A.The HIV/AIDS epidemic in South Africa continues to grow at a rapid rate, and it is estimated that a total of 4.2 million people are infected with the virus. HIV/AIDS has been described as the biggest threat to the continents development, with severe economic, social and human impact. In South Africa, young people are considered a particularly vulnerable group, especially young women between the ages of 15 to 29 years, due to various predisposing biological, psychosocial and economical factors. Despite the numerous efforts that have been made at education and prevention, people’s behaviour has been slow to change, and the disease continues to spread at an alarming rate. It has been reported that between 1998 -1999, there was a 65% increase in the prevalence of HIV in 14-24 year olds. It has further been estimated that 50% of our population could die of AIDS in the next 5 years. This study was undertaken to research the cultural context of HIV/AIDS in South Africa, as the gap between knowledge about HIV/AIDS and behaviour change, with particular focus on our young African females. The study was based on present literature, research and media, which provided for an exploration of the cultural context of HIV/AIDS and how it applies to behaviour change. The respondents of the study were female pupils in Grade 11 at two African high schools, namely Northview and Soweto. An exploratory study was conducted, in which 234 pupils responded to the questionnaire sent out by the researcher. The primary limitation being the scope of the study, as it was limited to only two schools and one particular grade. However, due to the population size, the sample can be representative of the broader population of urban black female adolescents. The results showed that the respondents have knowledge about HIV/AIDS, however, numerous cultural contextual factors have impinged and shaped their risk-reduction behavior. The results therefore support the hypothesis that the cultural context is a key to understanding the gap between knowledge and behaviour change. HIV/AIDS prevention, education and recommendations were discussed according to results from the study.
Prof. C. Fouche
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More, Penelope Sekgametsi. "The well-being of HIV/AIDS employees." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7658.
Full textAbstract:
M.A.Virtually unheard of two decades ago, AIDS is, at the turn of the century, one of the best known and most talked about disease on the globe. A decade ago, HIV was regarded primarily as a serious health crisis. What had first appeared to be a disease confined to certain well-defined populations such as gay men and haemophiliacs became a disease that threatened everyone, everywhere. AIDS has become a fullblown threat to development and its social and economic consequences are felt widely not only in the workplace but also in the human resource field and the economy in general. The HIV epidemic is the most important challenge facing South Africa since the birth of democracy. The implications of HIV in the workplace are scary. Even though HIV affects all of us, it has become a workplace issue that must be addressed simply because work is one of the most important dimensions in the life of the individual. The workplace can be a scene of prejudice, discrimination, rejection and harassment, for people affected by HIV, and those feelings are fuelled by ignorance and fear of infection. HIV-positive employees suffer high levels of depression, anxiety, fear and a great degree of uncertainty associated with the diagnosis. Instead of rejecting, stigmatising and isolating positive employees, a collective commitment is needed by the workplace to treat positive employees with dignity and respect. Because the workplace is such an important element in the individual's life, it has been demonstrated to be life lengthening and fulfilling for employees to remain in familiar, supportive and productive surroundings even after being diagnosed HIV-positive (Masi, 1993). The researcher examined how HIV affects employee functioning in the work environment. A qualitative research design is followed using a framework based on Straus and Corbin (1990). Purposive, non-probability sampling is used. Data is captured by using an unstructured, open-ended interview schedule. In this study data analysis is completed manually. Literature is reviewed to validate the findings and lastly conclusions and recommendations are presented.
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Odongpiny, Ajok Florence. "Socio-economic outcomes for the beneficiaries of the Expanded Child Survival Initiative in Uganda." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3097.
Full textAbstract:
A quantitative study was conducted to determine the socio-economic outcomes for the beneficiaries of the Expanded Child Survival Initiative in Uganda. The population comprised of all orphans and vulnerable children who were trained under the Expanded Child Survival Initiative of which a sample of 102 respondents were included in the structured data collection process. The outcomes that were explored were employment, income, assets and family support to siblings and other dependants by the primary beneficiaries.
The findings show that the outcomes of the Expanded Child Survival Initiative were positive and benefited socio economic lives of the respondents and their family members. The majority of the respondents were using the skills obtained from the training and were employed. The employment provided a source of income and the income earned facilitates the respondents in providing the basic needs of the family members. They were able to provide adequately for most of their basic needs. The findings also show that the respondents had accumulated some assets.
A number of factors influenced the utilisation of the newly acquired skills including having tool kits, start-up capital and business management skills. It is recommended that training providers should provide start-up support to the apprentices in order to facilitate them to utilise the skills obtained from apprenticeship trainings.Public Health
Thesis (M.A. (Public Health))
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Herling, Allison M. "The pursuit of bright futures : delayed sexual debut, declining HIV prevalence, and the social construction of sexual attitudes, values, and norms among adolescents in Uganda." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/29711.
Full textAbstract:
Uganda has experienced the largest decline of HIV prevalence of any country in the
world, from a peak of 15% in 1991 to 5% today. In cooperation with community-based
and faith-based organizations, the Ugandan government has pursued an AIDS
prevention strategy centered on urging people to Abstain from sex, Be faithful to one
partner, or use Condoms (the so-called ABC model). It is believed that the large drop
in AIDS prevalence has been due to behavior change, especially reduction of number
of sexual partners among adults and abstinence and delayed sexual debut among
youth. The purpose of this study was to conduct a qualitative investigation of
Ugandan adolescent's attitudes and values towards relationships and sexuality, and
the ways in which their social environment sends messages and creates perceived
norms which shape sexual behavior, especially the behavior of abstinence. Focus
groups were conducted with youth between the ages of 13 and 16 years in the districts
of Soroti and Masaka. Youth discussed reasons for having relationships, both platonic
and sexual; the benefits and risks of relationships; the proper age for boys and girls to
initiate sexual relationships; messages they have received regarding sexuality and
perceptions of family, peer, and community norms; and values regarding ideal sexual
behavior. Youth expressed that the right age to begin having sex is 18 years and
above, so that sex does not interfere with education and cause other adverse
consequences such as early pregnancy, family strife, and infection with HIV/AIDS.Graduation date: 2005
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Duganzich, Gwendoline Mary. "An action research inquiry into an HIV/AIDS education project in a rural community." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4109.
Full textAbstract:
M.Phil.In my view, the battle against the HIV/AIDS epidemic is the greatest challenge that we face as South Africans today. The harsh reality is that there is no vaccine or cure against HIV/AIDS, nor is there an immediate prospect of one. For this reason, I believe that alternative actions need to be taken in order to curtail the further spread of the disease. The need for such efforts is particularly great in the rural areas of South Africa, which is where large portions of people suffering from HIV/AIDS come from. Furthermore, I would assert that education offers the most important and valuable means of contributing to our fight against the further spread of HIV/AIDS. It is upon my involvement in an HIV/AIDS education initiative, which focused specifically on de-stigmatising HIV/AIDS in the rural community of Rammulotsi in Viljoenskroon, that I base the above view. The central aim of this inquiry was to critically inquire into the successes and failures of this education initiative and further determine the reasons for these, in order to ascertain how the project could be improved upon in the future. The entry point for the aforementioned HIV/AIDS education initiative had at its roots the precepts of emancipation, transformation and action. Thus the platform for developing a research endeavour interfaced within the theoretical framework of Transformative Learning Theory had been created. The research strategy that appeared to be best suited for addressing an inquiry of this nature was that of Action Research. It has utilised the four v major moments of the continuous cycle or spiral of planning, acting, observing, reflecting. However, the main focus of this study pertained to the observing and reflecting stages of the cycle, as the planning and acting stages had already occurred. Additionally, in keeping with the principles of Action Research, the study was conducted from a qualitative perspective and the methods of data collection utilised included participant observation, open-ended questionnaires and semi-structured, in-depth interviews. The participants of this. inquiry comprised nine adult community caregivers of the Hospice Association in Viljoenskroon, who reside in Rammulotsi, as well as my cofacilitator in the HIV/AIDS education initiative. The findings of this inquiry indicate that the HIV/AIDS education initiative embarked upon in the rural community of Rammulotsi, Viljoenskroon did succeed in realising the aims it set out to achieve. Furthermore, through the observation and reflection processes engaged in during the course of this inquiry two significant determinations were made. In the first place, it emerged that the participants' negative preconceptions and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS underwent a transformation. Secondly, the findings revealed additional notable issues for consideration in relation to future planning for the HIV/AIDS education initiative, thereby ensuring the sustainability of this project.