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Journal articles on the topic 'AIDS (Disease) – Research – Uganda'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Loue, S. "Bioethics and AIDS research in Uganda." AIDS 10, no. 8 (July 1996): 932. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199607000-00025.

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2

Williams, C. K. "HIV/AIDS pandemic (AP) in Africa: Chronicle of a missed opportunity." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): e22235-e22235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e22235.

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e22235 Background: AP unlike HTLV-I associated diseases arrived late in parts of Africa, including Nigeria, where retroviral research was already ongoing in collaboration with the US National Cancer Institute (USNCI), thus providing unique preventive interventional opportunity. A World Health Organization sponsored study of the role of sexual behavior in retroviral transmission in Nigeria was performed 1985–86. Methods: Using an ELISA and an investigational Western blot (IWB) assay, a small survey of the seroprevalence rate (SPR%) of HTLV-I and HIV was conducted in 3 regions of the country among 5 population groups with differing sexual behaviors: normal blood donors (NBD), female commercial sex workers (FCSW), sexually transmitted diseases patients, and religious male/female celibates. 204 samples were re-tested with recombinant enhanced “Singapore” HIV-1/2 WB (SWB) in 1994, in view of earlier HIV-1 IWB negativity. All serological tests were done at USNCI. Results: HTLV-I SPR varied by region and lifestyle, highest in eastern region (ER) (p=0.0000095), FCSW of ER (p=0.0006), and frequency of male heterosexual activity (p=0.024). HIV-1 was undetectable by IWB, while SWB revealed 2/204 HIV-1+ for countrywide SPR: ∼1.0; Western NBD: 1/100 (1.0); Western/Northern NBD: 1/184 (0.54): non-high risk Nigerians: 2/237 (0.84); FCSW: 0/46; celibates: 0/71, adult general Nigerian population (AGNP): ∼0.5–1.0, and translating to (∼240–480)x103 HIV-1+ AGNP. Assuming 20 HIV-1+ = 1 case of AIDS death, SWB- determined SPR predicted (∼12–24)×103 AIDS deaths among 48×106 AGNP in 1985–86, ∼5 of (2.4- 4.8)×103 (<0.2%) of whom presented with clinical AIDS features (CAF) at Nigeria's premier health institution (NPHI). Conclusions: In 1985–86, when patients with CAF rarely presented at NPHI and HIV-1 SPR was ≤1.0 in AGNP and FCSW, Nigerian health authority was advised on AP risk, unlike Uganda where it arrived unanticipated. Reports of SPR of 7.7 and 60.0 in AGNP and FCSW in 1996–2000 contrast against contemporary Ugandan SPR (14.0 down to 6.1) and Senegalese (0.4 up to 0.9), probably resulting from varying knowledge gap and angst-related inertia, illustrating mixed fortunes of AP in Africa, transcontinental variation in AP control capability, and providing lessons for the management of future public health challenges. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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3

Mwanda, Walter O., Jackson Orem, Pingfu Fu, Cecilia Banura, Joweria Kakembo, Caren Auma Onyango, Anne Ness, et al. "Dose-Modified Oral Chemotherapy in the Treatment of AIDS-Related Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma in East Africa." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 21 (July 20, 2009): 3480–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2008.18.7641.

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Purpose Africa is burdened by the AIDS epidemic and attendant increase in HIV/AIDS-related malignancies. Pragmatic approaches to therapeutic intervention could be of great value. Dose-modified oral chemotherapy for AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is one such approach. Patients and Methods The oral regimen consisted of lomustine 50 mg/m2 on day 1 (cycle 1 only), etoposide 100 mg/m2 on days 1 to 3, and cyclophosphamide/procarbazine 50 mg/m2 each on days 22 to 26 at 6-week intervals (one cycle) for two total cycles in HIV-infected patients with biopsy-proven non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Results Forty-nine patients (21 in Uganda and 28 in Kenya) were treated. The majority of patients were female (59%) and had a poor performance status (63%); 69% of patients had advanced-stage disease; and 18 patients (37%) had access to antiretroviral therapy. In total, 79.5 cycles of therapy were administered. The regimen was well tolerated, had modest effects (decline) on CD4+ lymphocyte counts (P = .077), and had negligible effects on HIV-1 viral replication. Four febrile neutropenia episodes and three treatment-related deaths (6% mortality rate) occurred. The overall objective response rate was 78% (95% CI, 62% to 88%); median follow-up time was 8.2 months (range, 0.1 to 71 months); median event-free and overall survival times were 7.9 months (95% CI, 3.3 to 13.0 months) and 12.3 months (95% CI, 4.9 to 32.4 months), respectively; and 33% of patients survived 5 years. Conclusion Dose-modified oral chemotherapy is efficacious, has comparable outcome to that in the United States in the pre–highly active antiretroviral therapy setting, has an acceptable safety profile, and is pragmatic in sub-Saharan Africa. The international collaboration has been highly successful, and subsequent projects should focus on strategies to optimize combination antiretroviral therapy and chemotherapy and follow-up tissue correlative studies.
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4

Arem, Hannah, Neema Nakyanjo, Joseph Kagaayi, Jeremiah Mulamba, Gertrude Nakigozi, David Serwadda, Thomas C. Quinn, et al. "Peer Health Workers and AIDS Care in Rakai, Uganda: A Mixed Methods Operations Research Evaluation of a Cluster-Randomized Trial." AIDS Patient Care and STDs 25, no. 12 (December 2011): 719–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/apc.2010.0349.

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5

Mwesiga, Emmanuel Kiiza, Noeline Nakasujja, Linnet Ongeri, Aggrey Semeere, Rachel Loewy, and Susan Meffert. "A cross-sectional mixed methods protocol to describe correlates and explanations for a long duration of untreated psychosis among patients with first episode psychosis in Uganda." BMJ Open 9, no. 7 (July 2019): e028029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028029.

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IntroductionAmong patients with psychotic disorders, the ‘duration of untreated psychosis’ (DUP) is a predictor of key outcomes such as symptom remission and quality of life. In sub-Saharan Africa, DUP is up to five times longer than in high-income countries, with many patients going without antipsychotic medication for 5 years or longer. One contributor to this high DUP may relate to cultural norms that drive use of alternative and complementary therapies (ACTs) as first-line treatment strategies, rather than biomedical care with antipsychotic medicine. We aim to1determine the prevalence and factors associated with DUP and ACT use in Uganda, and2Identify factors that drive patient and family choices to use ACT as a first-line treatment strategy.Methods and analysisWe will leverage on an ongoing cohort study at the national psychiatric and teaching hospital in Uganda. The parent study is an observational cohort design following antipsychotic naïve adults with a first episode of psychosis without substance use, HIV/AIDS or syphilis. The embedded study will use a mixed methods design including quantitative assessment of parent study participants with the Nottingham Onset Schedule-DUP to determine the DUP. Qualitative assessment will focus on patient and caregiver perceptions and use of ACT and its impact on DUP among patients with psychosis using in-depth interviews.Ethics and disseminationThe study has received ethical approval from the school of medicine research and ethics committee of the college of health sciences at Makerere University. It has also received institutional support to perform the study from the Infectious Diseases Institute and Butabika hospital. Besides publication of the work in reputable peer-reviewed journals, we hope that this work will lead to evidence-based discussions on the need for early interventions to reduce DUP in Uganda.
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6

Bateganya, Moses, Grant Colfax, Leigh Anne Shafer, Cissy Kityo, Peter Mugyenyi, David Serwadda, Harriet Mayanja, and David Bangsberg. "Antiretroviral Therapy and Sexual Behavior: A Comparative Study between Antiretroviral- Naive and -Experienced Patients at an Urban HIV/AIDS Care and Research Center in Kampala, Uganda." AIDS Patient Care and STDs 19, no. 11 (November 2005): 760–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/apc.2005.19.760.

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7

Mpiima, D., E. Tayebwakushaba, R. Makabayi, C. Luzze, and J. Birungi. "P4.002 Major Barriers to Condom Use Among Clients Receiving Counselling on Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STIs) Prevention -The AIDS Support Organization (TASO) Operational Research Findings, a National NGO in Uganda." Sexually Transmitted Infections 89, Suppl 1 (July 2013): A289.2—A289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.0901.

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8

Pastick, Katelyn A., Elizabeth Nalintya, Lillian Tugume, Kenneth Ssebambulidde, Nicole Stephens, Emily E. Evans, Jane Frances Ndyetukira, et al. "Cryptococcosis in pregnancy and the postpartum period: Case series and systematic review with recommendations for management." Medical Mycology 58, no. 3 (August 13, 2019): 282–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myz084.

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Abstract Cryptococcal meningitis causes 15% of AIDS-related deaths. Optimal management and clinical outcomes of pregnant women with cryptococcosis are limited to case reports, as pregnant women are often excluded from research. Amongst pregnant women with asymptomatic cryptococcosis, no treatment guidelines exist. We prospectively identified HIV-infected women who were pregnant or recently pregnant with cryptococcosis, screened during a series of meningitis research studies in Uganda from 2012 to 2018. Among 571 women screened for cryptococcosis, 13 were pregnant, one was breastfeeding, three were within 14 days postpartum, and two had recently miscarried. Of these 19 women (3.3%), 12 had cryptococcal meningitis, six had cryptococcal antigenemia, and one had a history of cryptococcal meningitis and was receiving secondary prophylaxis. All women with meningitis received amphotericin B deoxycholate (0.7–1.0 mg/kg). Five were exposed to 200–800 mg fluconazole during pregnancy. Of these five, three delivered healthy babies with no gross physical abnormalities at birth, one succumbed to meningitis, and one outcome was unknown. Maternal meningitis survival rate at hospital discharge was 75% (9/12), and neonatal/fetal survival rate was 44% (4/9) for those mothers who survived. Miscarriages and stillbirths were common (n = 4). Of six women with cryptococcal antigenemia, two received fluconazole, one received weekly amphotericin B, and three had unknown treatment courses. All women with antigenemia survived, and none developed clinical meningitis. We report good maternal outcomes but poor fetal outcomes for cryptococcal meningitis using amphotericin B, without fluconazole in the first trimester, and weekly amphotericin B in place of fluconazole for cryptococcal antigenemia.
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9

Kapp, Clare. "Nelson Sewankambo: building HIV/AIDS research in Uganda." Lancet 372, no. 9632 (July 2008): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60977-0.

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10

Silberner, J. "AIDS: Disease, Research Efforts Advance." Science News 127, no. 17 (April 27, 1985): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3969504.

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11

Morgan, Dilys, Gillian H. Maude, Samuel S. Malamba, Martin J. Okongo, Hans-Ulrich Wagner, Daan W. Mulder, and James A. Whitworth. "HIV-1 disease progression and AIDS-defining disorders in rural Uganda." Lancet 350, no. 9073 (July 1997): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(97)01474-8.

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12

ALLEN, TIM. "AIDS AND EVIDENCE: INTEROGATING SOME UGANDAN MYTHS." Journal of Biosocial Science 38, no. 1 (November 14, 2005): 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932005001008.

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Uganda is invoked as a metaphor for a host of arguments and insights about HIV/AIDS. However, much of what has been asserted about the country is not based on the available evidence. This paper reviews findings by epidemiologists and anthropologists, and draws on the author’s experiences of researching in the country since the early 1980s. It comments on various myths about HIV/AIDS in Uganda, including myths about the origin and dissemination of the disease, about the links between HIV/AIDS and war, and about declining rates of infection. It shows that much less is known about Uganda than is commonly supposed, and it offers some alternative hypotheses for interpreting HIV prevalence and incidence data. In particular it draws attention to the importance of mechanisms for social compliance. It concludes by raising concerns about the current enthusiasm for provision of anti-retroviral drugs.
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13

Morrissey, Anne B., Thomas O. Aisu, Joseph O. Falkinham, Peter P. Eriki, Jerrold J. Ellner, and Thomas M. Daniel. "Absence of Mycobacterium avium Complex Disease in Patients with AIDS in Uganda." JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 5, no. 5 (May 1992): 477???478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00126334-199205000-00007.

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14

Kwagala, Betty, Douglas Wassenaar, and Julius Ecuru. "Payments and Direct Benefits in HIV/AIDS Related Research Projects in Uganda." Ethics & Behavior 20, no. 2 (March 15, 2010): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10508421003595927.

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15

Whitworth, J. A. G. "Medical Research Council Programme on AIDS in Uganda – the first 10 years." Interdisciplinary Science Reviews 24, no. 3 (March 1999): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/030801899678830.

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16

Loue, Sana, David Okello, and Medi Kawuma. "Research Bioethics in the Ugandan Context: A Program Summary." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 24, no. 1 (1996): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.1996.tb01832.x.

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Researchers, scientists, and physicians in Uganda have become increasingly aware of the need to develop a systematic approach to reviewing bio-medical research conducted in their country. Much of this awareness and their concern stems from Uganda's high seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the consequent large influx of research monies and HIV researchers from developed countries, including the United States and Great Britain.We report on the proceedings of a five-day symposium on bioethical principles governing clinical trials, which convened in Jinja, Uganda in September 1994. The thirteen male and female workshop participants included representatives from the Uganda Ministry of Health, Makerere University, the Uganda AIDS Commission, Uganda's National Council of Science and Technology, and the National Chemotherapeutic Laboratory. These representatives included ethicists, physicians, researchers, and pharmacists, all of whom have conducted research themselves. Initial workshop sessions focused on the history of human experimentation and the development of protections for human participants in medical research, both in the United States and internationally.
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17

Balter, M. "AIDS Research: New Hope in HIV Disease." Science 274, no. 5295 (December 20, 1996): 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.274.5295.1988.

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18

Smallman-Raynor, M. R., and A. D. Cliff. "Civil war and the spread of AIDS in Central Africa." Epidemiology and Infection 107, no. 1 (August 1991): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026880004869x.

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SUMMARYUsing ordinary least squares regression techniques this paper demonstrates, for the first time, that the classic association of war and disease substantially accounts for the presently observed geographical distribution of reported clinical AIDS cases in Uganda. Both the spread of HIV 1 infection in the 1980s, and the subsequent development of AIDS to its 1990 spatial pattern, are shown to be significantly and positively correlated with ethnic patterns of recruitment into the Ugandan National Liberation Army (UNLA) after the overthrow of Idi Amin some 10 years earlier in 1979. This correlation reflects the estimated mean incubation period of 8–10 years for HIV 1 and underlines the need for cognizance of historical factors which may have influenced current patterns of AIDS seen in Central Africa. The findings may have important implications for AIDS forecasting and control in African countries which have recently experienced war. The results are compared with parallel analyses of other HIV hypotheses advanced to account for the reported geographical distribution of AIDS in Uganda.
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19

Seeley, Janet A., Jane F. Kengeya-Kayondo, and Daan W. Mulder. "Community-based HIV/AIDS research—Whither community participation? Unsolved problems in a research programme in rural Uganda." Social Science & Medicine 34, no. 10 (May 1992): 1089–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(92)90282-u.

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20

Polonsky, Jonathan A., Joseph F. Wamala, Hilde de Clerck, Michel Van Herp, Armand Sprecher, Klaudia Porten, and Trevor Shoemaker. "Emerging Filoviral Disease in Uganda: Proposed Explanations and Research Directions." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 90, no. 5 (May 7, 2014): 790–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.13-0374.

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21

Ichinose, Lester Y. "Chimpanzees in AIDS Research." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 23, no. 5 (September 1995): 598–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119299502300509.

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Although the chimpanzee displays an immunological response to an HIV-1 challenge, it is a deficient animal model in AIDS research since it never develops the progressive symptoms of the disease. The continued use of the chimpanzee is also precluded because of its endangered status in the wild, the high cost per animal, and its failure to exhibit a CD4 decline (apoptosis) while infected. However, it is likely that the chimpanzee model will continue to be used in investigations relating to the epidemiology and mucosal transmission of the human AIDS virus.
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McCune, J. M. "AIDS RESEARCH: Animal Models of HIV-1 Disease." Science 278, no. 5346 (December 19, 1997): 2141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.278.5346.2141.

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23

Cohen, J. "AIDS Research: Receptor Mutations Help Slow Disease Progression." Science 273, no. 5283 (September 27, 1996): 1797–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.273.5283.1797.

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24

Rukundo, Godfrey Zari, Eugene Kinyanda, and Brian Mishara. "Clinical correlates of suicidality among individuals with HIV infection and AIDS disease in Mbarara, Uganda." African Journal of AIDS Research 15, no. 3 (September 28, 2016): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16085906.2016.1182035.

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25

Wawer, Maria J., Ronald H. Gray, Nelson K. Sewankambo, David Serwadda, Lynn Paxton, Seth Berkley, Denise McNairn, et al. "A randomized, community trial of intensive sexually transmitted disease control for AIDS prevention, Rakai, Uganda." AIDS 12, no. 10 (July 1998): 1211–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199810000-00014.

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26

Nabisubi, Patricia, Stephen Kanyerezi, Grace Kebirungi, and Gerald Mboowa. "Knowledge and attitude of secondary school students in Nakaseke, Uganda towards HIV transmission and treatment." AAS Open Research 4 (July 12, 2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/aasopenres.13210.2.

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Background: One of the major health concerns in Nakaseke district, Uganda is the high prevalence of HIV/AIDS. According to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), as of March 2014, the prevalence rate of the disease in the district was estimated at about 8%, compared to the national average of 6.5%, making Nakaseke district have the sixth-highest prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS in the entire country. We set out to explore the knowledge and attitude of secondary school students in Nakaseke, Uganda on HIV transmission and treatment. Methods: This was a cross sectional survey-based study with data collected during the month of February 2020. Data were analyzed using R programming language version 3.6.2. Results: A total of 163 participants volunteered for the study, 53.37% males and 46.63% females with ages ranging from 12 – 20 years. Participants came from 5 senior classes (S1, S2, S3, S4 and S6). In total, 87.73% participants were aware of HIV/AIDS while 12.27% were not. The major source of information was through teachers/schools. 96.50% knew the mode of transmission of HIV/AIDS and 95.11% were conversant with HIV/AIDS prevention. 63.6% were aware of the terms DNA and genes whereas 36.36% were not. Discussion: Generally, the students in Nakaseke district, Uganda had a high level of awareness of HIV/AIDS based on Bloom’s cut-off point. However, with regards to aspects such as the cause and modern prevention methods like taking prep and prevention of mother to child transmission were less known to them. Efforts to find a cure for HIV/AIDS are still in vain. Therefore, strong emphasis on up to date control and prevention methods should be implemented to fight the HIV/AIDS scourge.
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Nabisubi, Patricia, Stephen Kanyerezi, Grace Kebirungi, and Gerald Mboowa. "Knowledge and attitude of secondary school students in Nakaseke, Uganda towards HIV transmission and treatment." AAS Open Research 4 (May 5, 2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/aasopenres.13210.1.

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Background: One of the major health concerns in Nakaseke district, Uganda is the high prevalence of HIV/AIDS. According to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), as of March 2014, the prevalence rate of the disease in the district was estimated at about 8%, compared to the national average of 6.5%, making Nakaseke district have the sixth-highest prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS in the entire country. We set out to explore the knowledge and attitude of secondary school students in Nakaseke, Uganda on HIV transmission and treatment. Methods: This was a cross sectional survey-based study with data collected during the month of February 2020. Data were analyzed using R programming language version 3.6.2. Results: A total of 163 participants volunteered for the study, 53.37% males and 46.63% females with ages ranging from 12 – 20 years. Participants came from 5 senior classes (S1, S2, S3, S4 and S6). In total, 87.73% participants were aware of HIV/AIDS while 12.27% were not. The major source of information was through teachers/schools. 96.50% knew the mode of transmission of HIV/AIDS and 95.11% were conversant with HIV/AIDS prevention. 63.6% were aware of the terms DNA and genes whereas 36.36% were not. Discussion: Generally, the students in Nakaseke district, Uganda had a high level of awareness of HIV/AIDS. However, with regards to aspects such as the cause and modern prevention methods like taking prep and prevention of mother to child transmission were less known to them. Efforts to find a cure for HIV/AIDS are still in vain. Therefore, strong emphasis on up to date control and prevention methods should be implemented to fight the HIV/AIDS scourge.
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28

Frank, Marion. "Theatre in the Service of Health Education: Case Studies from Uganda." New Theatre Quarterly 12, no. 46 (May 1996): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00009933.

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International organizations are increasingly turning to theatre as a means of raising development issues, exploring options, and influencing behaviour. This paper examines some structures and techniques inherent in this type of applied theatre, analyzing two plays used to supplement AIDS education programmes in Uganda. One is a video production by a typical urban popular theatre group, while the second production analyzed exemplifies the Theatre for Development approach through its sub-genre, Campaign Theatre, used to raise awareness on health issues, hygiene, sanitation, child care, and the environment. The study analyzes the performance of the two plays and addresses some contradictions arising from the involvement and influence of external organizations. Marion Frank is a graduate of Bayreuth University in Germany, whose extensive field research has resulted in the publication of AIDS Education through Theater (Bayreuth African Studies Series, Bayreuth, 1995). Dr. Frank is currently living in the US, where as a Visiting Scholar at Duke University she is now working on a research project aiming to establish a closer link between literary/cultural studies and medicine/medical anthropology.
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Van der Paal, Lieve, Leigh Anne Shafer, Jim Todd, Billy N. Mayanja, Jimmy AG Whitworth, and Heiner Grosskurth. "HIV-1 disease progression and mortality before the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy in rural Uganda." AIDS 21, Suppl 6 (November 2007): S21—S29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aids.0000299407.52399.05.

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Laskaris, George, George Stergiou, Christos Kittas, and Crispian Scully. "Hodgkin's disease involving the Gingiva in AIDS." European Journal of Cancer Part B: Oral Oncology 28, no. 1 (July 1992): 39–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0964-1955(92)90010-x.

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31

Mbulaiteye, Sam M., Elly T. Katabira, Henry Wabinga, Donald M. Parkin, Phillip Virgo, Robert Ochai, Meklit Workneh, Alex Coutinho, and Eric A. Engels. "Spectrum of cancers among HIV-infected persons in Africa: The Uganda AIDS-Cancer Registry Match Study." International Journal of Cancer 118, no. 4 (August 16, 2005): 985–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.21443.

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32

ATEENYIAGABA, C., E. WEIDERPASS, M. TOMMASINO, A. SMET, A. ARSLAN, M. DAI, E. KATONGOLEMBIDDE, P. HAINAUT, P. SNIJDERS, and S. FRANCESCHI. "Papillomavirus infection in the conjunctiva of individuals with and without AIDS: An autopsy series from Uganda." Cancer Letters 239, no. 1 (July 28, 2006): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2005.07.024.

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33

Danilov, Alexey V., Monika Pilichowska, Olga V. Danilova, and Kellie A. Sprague. "AIDS-related Burkitt lymphoma—A heterogeneous disease?" Leukemia Research 32, no. 12 (December 2008): 1939–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.leukres.2008.03.037.

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34

Longenecker, Chris T., Peter Lwabi, Cissy Kityo, Marco Costa, Grace Mirembe, Emmy Okello, Robert Salata, Peter Mugyenyi, Moses Kamya, and Daniel Simon. "O087 Leveraging existing HIV/AIDS infrastructure for rheumatic heart disease care in Uganda: a collaborative disease surveillance and management program." Global Heart 9, no. 1 (March 2014): e55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gheart.2014.03.1403.

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35

Stewart, K., and N. Sewankambo. "Okukkera Ng'omuzungu(lost in translation): Understanding the social value of global health research for HIV/AIDS research participants in Uganda." Global Public Health 5, no. 2 (March 2010): 164–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17441690903510658.

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36

BAUM, RUDY, and RON DAGANI. "AIDS Research Advances Steadily, But Disease Still Exacting High Tol." Chemical & Engineering News 67, no. 26 (June 26, 1989): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v067n026.p007.

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37

Cohen, J. "AIDS vaccine research. A new goal: preventing disease, not infection." Science 262, no. 5141 (December 17, 1993): 1820–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.8266069.

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38

Møller, Valerie. "AIDS: The ‘Grandmothers' Disease’ in Southern Africa." Ageing and Society 17, no. 4 (July 1997): 461–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x97216533.

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In Africa, AIDS is called the grandmothers' disease because the burden of caring for the sick and the survivors falls on older women. The two abstracts which follow report an overview of research on the social and economic effects of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Southern Africa and a case study of an intervention among older women in a Botswanan village.
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39

Accorsi, S., P. Anguzu, L. Ojom, M. G. Dente, E. Paze, S. Declich, M. Ravera, et al. "Impact of insecurity, the AIDS epidemic, and poverty on population health: disease patterns and trends in Northern Uganda." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 64, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2001.64.214.

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40

Safrin, S., and J. Mills. "Role of the Infectious Disease Specialist in AIDS Related Clinical Research." Journal of Infectious Diseases 165, no. 3 (March 1, 1992): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/165.3.592.

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41

Benzaken, Adele Schwartz, Maria Cristina Pimenta Oliveira, Gerson Fernando Mendes Pereira, Silvana Pereira Giozza, Flavia Moreno Alves de Souza, Alessandro Ricardo Caruso da Cunha, and Renato Girade. "Presenting national HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted disease research in Brazil." Medicine 97 (May 2018): S1—S2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000010109.

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42

Anderson, L. "Human Retrovirus Family: Cancer, Central Nervous System Disease, and AIDS." JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute 80, no. 13 (September 7, 1988): 987–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/80.13.987.

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43

Koon, Henry B., Susan E. Krown, Jeannette Y. Lee, Kord Honda, Suthee Rapisuwon, Zhenghe Wang, David Aboulafia, et al. "Phase II Trial of Imatinib in AIDS-Associated Kaposi's Sarcoma: AIDS Malignancy Consortium Protocol 042." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 5 (February 10, 2014): 402–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.48.6365.

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Purpose Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a disease of multifocal vascular proliferation that requires infection with KS herpes virus (KSHV/HHV-8). Activation of the c-kit and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors by autocrine/paracrine mechanisms follows endothelial cell KSHV infection. In a pilot study, imatinib, a c-kit/PDGF-receptor inhibitor, induced partial regression of AIDS-associated KS (AIDS-KS) in five of 10 patients. Patients and Methods This multicenter phase II study was designed to estimate the response rate to imatinib in AIDS-KS. Secondary objectives included investigation of predictors of response and imatinib pharmacokinetics in patients on antiretrovirals. Patients received imatinib 400 mg/day by mouth for up to 12 months with dose escalation up to 600 mg/day at 3 months if their disease was stable. Results Thirty patients were treated at 12 AIDS Malignancy Consortium sites. Ten patients (33.3%) achieved partial response, six (20%) had stable disease, and seven (23.3%) exhibited KS progression. Nine patients completed 52 weeks of imatinib therapy. The median treatment duration was 22.5 weeks. Only five patients (16.7%) discontinued therapy owing to adverse events. Antiretroviral regimens did not significantly alter imatinib metabolism. Activating mutations in PDGF-R and c-kit were not found at baseline or at disease progression. We found no correlation with response with changes in any of the candidate cytokines. Conclusion Imatinib has activity in AIDS-KS. Pharmacokinetic interactions with antiretroviral drugs did not correlate with toxicity. Thirty percent of patients showed long-term clinical benefit and remained on imatinib for the entire year. These results suggest imatinib is well tolerated and may be an alternative therapy for some patients with AIDS-KS.
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Adeyemi, Olukemi, Mary Lyons, Tsi Njim, Joseph Okebe, Josephine Birungi, Kevin Nana, Jean Claude Mbanya, et al. "Integration of non-communicable disease and HIV/AIDS management: a review of healthcare policies and plans in East Africa." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 5 (May 2021): e004669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004669.

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BackgroundLow-income and middle-income countries are struggling to manage growing numbers of patients with chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), while services for patients with HIV infection are well established. There have been calls for integration of HIV and NCD services to increase efficiency and improve coverage of NCD care, although evidence of effectiveness remains unclear. In this review, we assess the extent to which National HIV and NCD policies in East Africa reflect the calls for HIV-NCD service integration.MethodsBetween April 2018 and December 2020, we searched for policies, strategies and guidelines associated with HIV and NCDs programmes in Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda. Documents were searched manually for plans for integration of HIV and NCD services. Data were analysed qualitatively using document analysis.ResultsThirty-one documents were screened, and 13 contained action plans for HIV and NCDs service integration. Integrated delivery of HIV and NCD care is recommended in high level health policies and treatment guidelines in four countries in the East African region; Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, mostly relating to integrating NCD care into HIV programmes. The increasing burden of NCDs, as well as a move towards person-centred differentiated delivery of services for people living with HIV, is a factor in the recent adoption of integrated HIV and NCD service delivery plans. Both South Sudan and Burundi report a focus on building their healthcare infrastructure and improving coverage and quality of healthcare provision, with no reported plans for HIV and NCD care integration.ConclusionDespite the limited evidence of effectiveness, some East African countries have already taken steps towards HIV and NCD service integration. Close monitoring and evaluation of the integrated HIV and NCD programmes is necessary to provide insight into the associated benefits and risks, and to inform future service developments.
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Anena, Rachel Mary, Judith Orishaba, and David Mwesigwa. "Literature review of teenage pregnancy in Uganda." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 8 (September 6, 2020): 586–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.78.8848.

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Teenage pregnancy is a serious social and health concern. The aim of the study, as a literature review, was to investigate the causes, effects and strategies put forward to curb down the teenage pregnancy among girls between 13-19 years in lira district, Uganda. This study used desktop research using secondary data. The data was collected by others for their own purpose and it had been derived from various sources. This entails the findings and discussion got from causes, effects and strategies put in place to curb down teenage pregnancy. Social factors include decreased supervision by parents, early initiation to sexual activities, and pressure from families to marry early. Effects of teenage pregnancy were found to be preterm labour, intrauterine growth, sexually transmitted infections, sexual violence and limited access to medical services. There are policies designed to delay and protect young women from becoming pregnant during adolescence. These policies include the National Health Policy, the National Adolescent Health Policy, the National Policy on Young People and HIV/AIDS, the Sexual Reproductive Health Minimum Package, the Minimum Age of Sexual Consent Policy the defilement law. These policies also serve the purpose of fostering a supportive environment to encourage adolescent reproductive health. Given the factors that contribute to teenage pregnancy and its associated effects, it is concluded that the measures proposed in form of policies will help to curb down the problem of teenage pregnancy in Lira district.
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Becker-Zayas, Ava, Maureen Kendrick, and Elizabeth Namazzi. "Children’s images of HIV/AIDS in Uganda: What visual methodologies can tell us about their knowledge and life circumstances." Applied Linguistics Review 9, no. 2-3 (May 25, 2018): 365–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2016-1059.

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AbstractIn this study we draw on three analytic frameworks (Goffman 1981. Forms of talk. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press; Rose 2007. Visual methodologies: An introduction to the interpretation of visual materials. London: Sage; Warburton 1998. Cartoons and teachers: Mediated visual images as data. In John Prosser (ed.), Image-based research: A sourcebook for qualitative researchers, 252–262. London: Routledge) to explore how multilingual children in a rural Ugandan primary school use visual and linguistic modes to create billboards messages about HIV/AIDS. Although HIV/AIDS education is required curriculum in public schools, and outside of the classroom students are exposed to various national public service announcements (e. g., on radio and television, and as billboards), there are still considerable cultural barriers that hinder open discussions between children and their teachers and parents about HIV/AIDS-related issues. Our findings suggest that communicating the complex language of HIV/AIDS prevention requires students in this cultural context to go beyond the linguistic mode and draw upon the visual in order to achieve a fuller range of socio-affective expression, and conceivably, to affect change by reaching a variety of audiences on multiple levels of human meaning making. Implications for literacy educators in multilingual contexts, where pressing social issues intersect with culturally sensitive or otherwise “unspeakable” topics, indicate that the visual offers a less institutionalized and culturally-laden space for children to synthesize the messages in their environments and their own relationship to them.
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Ofosu, Nicole Naadu, L. Duncan Saunders, Gian Jhangri, and Afif Alibhai. "The impact of the availability of antiretroviral therapy on personal and community fear of HIV/AIDS, and HIV prevention practices in Rwimi, Uganda: A mixed-method study." Alberta Academic Review 1, no. 1 (May 28, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/aar11.

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The impact of the widespread availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) related attitudes, behaviours and practices of the general population in Sub-Saharan Africa is understudied. We assessed the impact of ART availability on the fear of HIV/ AIDS (measured at both community and personal levels) and HIV prevention practices in Rwimi, Uganda using a cross-sectional survey. The fear of HIV/AIDS was described as a perceived threat to either self and/or community regarding the risk of contracting the disease, whereby the higher the perception of the threat, the greater the fear. We assessed associations between the outcomes of the dependent variables on both the community and personal fear of HIV/AIDS, and the independent variables of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge and demographics. Qualitative data was also generated from focus group discussions (FGD) on the context of the fear of HIV/AIDS and HIV pre- vention practices. The majority of participants (89.4%; males - 86.8%; females - 90.8%) felt that ART availability has reduced the fear of HIV/AIDS in the community. In contrast, fewer participants (22.4%; males - 24.4%; females – 21.2%) mentioned that their personal fear of HIV/AIDS has been reduced with the availability of ART. From the qualitative study, factors identified as influencing the fear of HIV/AIDS included stigma, fear of infection, and the inconvenience of being on ART. Although fear of HIV/AIDS persists, the fear is reduced because of the availability of life-prolonging ART. HIV prevention practices are influenced by socio-cultural norms (gender roles, relationship dynamics, power and trust), which, we argue, should be considered when de-signing sustainable HIV/AIDS prevention programs.
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Valenti, William M. "Update on AIDS." Infection Control 6, no. 2 (February 1985): 85–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0195941700062664.

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Recent advances in our knowledge of the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) could have a major impact on practitioners in both infection control and employee health. The discovery that a retrovirus, the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-III) is the cause of AIDS could be used to help health care workers better understand this disease. Those of us who are trying to provide our employees with up-to-date information on AIDS should use this new information to help employees understand the nature of the disease, its transmissibility and non-transmissibility. Now that the disease can be linked to a specific agent, employees may find AIDS to be much less mysterious. The retrovirus link is a major step forward in understanding this disease and may eventually lead to more effective treatment and possibly a vaccine. Our knowledge continues to evolve in much the same way as our understanding of Legionnaires' Disease and Toxic Shock Syndrome.The Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was discussed extensively at recent infectious diseases meetings in Washington, D.C. The results of original research conducted by investigators at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Pasteur Institute in Paris, and medical centers throughout the world were presented at the meetings. A number of issues have been clarified and the pieces of the puzzle are starting to come together.
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Kimera, Emmanuel, Sofie Vindevogel, Anne-Mie Engelen, Jessica De Maeyer, Didier Reynaert, Mugenyi Justice Kintu, John Rubaihayo, and Johan Bilsen. "HIV-Related Stigma Among Youth Living With HIV in Western Uganda." Qualitative Health Research 31, no. 10 (May 13, 2021): 1937–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10497323211012347.

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We present an explanatory theory for HIV-related stigma from the perspectives of youth living with HIV/AIDS (YLWHA) in Western Uganda, on which the fight against this relentless stigma in this age group and locality can be founded. A constant comparative method was used to analyze textual data from in-depth interviews with 35 YLWHA, selected from three health facilities. A stigma process model for YLWHA was developed with the stigmatizing feelings and behaviors as the core category. Concepts delineating causes, consequences, and moderators of HIV-related stigma emerged from the data to complete the stigma process. The specific focus on YLWHA and contextual characteristics adds new dimensions to the understanding of HIV-related stigma that are scant in existing HIV-related stigma models. In light of our findings, research is necessary to identify context-specific strategies to overcome the deep-rooted causes of stigmatizing views and behaviors in all social spheres of YLWHA within Western Uganda.
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Sandqvist, Josefin, Johanna Wahlberg, Elly Muhumuza, and Rune Andersson. "HIV Awareness and Risk Behavior among Pregnant Women in Mateete, Uganda (2010)." ISRN Obstetrics and Gynecology 2011 (November 30, 2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/709784.

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Background. The aim of the study was to evaluate current knowledge, risk behavior, and attitudes among pregnant women in Mateete, Uganda. Methods. We collected 100 questionnaires and performed 20 interviews among women who attended antenatal care. Findings. All the women had heard about HIV/AIDS, and 92% were aware of mother-to-child transmission. The women overestimated the risk of achieving the virus since 45% believed in transmission by mosquitoes and 44% by kissing. Many pointed out that married women as a group were infected more often because of unfaithful partners who refused to use condoms during sex. Conclusion. The women were well aware of the routes of HIV transmission. Schools and governmental campaigns have played an important role in educating people about the disease but there is still a great need to reach out to people in rural areas with both health care and correct information.
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