Relevant bibliographies by topics / AIDS (Disease) – Risk factors – Ethiopia

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'AIDS (Disease) – Risk factors – Ethiopia'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "AIDS (Disease) – Risk factors – Ethiopia"

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Mahmud, Mahmud Abdulkader, Afework Mulugeta Bezabih, and Rezene Berhe Gebru. "Risk factors for intestinal parasitosis among antiretroviral-treated HIV/AIDS patients in Ethiopia." International Journal of STD & AIDS 25, no. 11 (2014): 778–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462414520803.

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Basha, Elyas Admasu, Behailu Tariku Derseh, Yohannes Gebre Egziabher Haile, and Gedion Tafere. "Factors Affecting Psychological Distress among People Living with HIV/AIDS at Selected Hospitals of North Shewa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia." AIDS Research and Treatment 2019 (July 22, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8329483.

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Background. The new advances for the treatment of HIV infection using Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) have dramatically improved disease prognosis. However, they are living longer with a chronic condition that increases the risk for psychiatric and psychosocial problems. Various studies have linked HIV/AIDS with a number of psychological problems, depression being the most common. Moreover, studies have found that chronically ill people are at increased risk of psychological problems. Thus, this study aimed at assessing the level of psychological distress and its associated factor
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Fekadu, Sintayehu, Wondu Teshome, and Getnet Alemu. "Prevalence and determinants of Tuberculosis among HIV infected patients in south Ethiopia." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 9, no. 08 (2015): 898–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.5667.

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Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease that has represented a major health problem over the centuries. The human immune deficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS has substantially altered the epidemiology of TB by increasing the risk of reactivating latent TB, increasing chance of TB infection once exposed to tubercle bacilli (re-infection) and by increasing the risk of rapid progression soon after infection. Methodology: This study employs a retrospective review analysis of patient medical records. A total of 499 HIV/AIDS patient cards were reviewed and variables were recorded. Fre
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Yohanes, Tsegaye, Serkadis Debalke, and Endalew Zemene. "LatentToxoplasma gondiiInfection and Associated Risk Factors among HIV-Infected Individuals at Arba Minch Hospital, South Ethiopia." AIDS Research and Treatment 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/652941.

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Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused byToxoplasma gondii(T. gondii). The parasite has cosmopolitan distribution, infecting almost all species of warm-blooded animals. LatentT. gondiiinfection in HIV/AIDS patients is a risk for development of cerebral toxoplasmosis (CT). The aim of this study is to determine seroprevalence of latentT. gondiiinfection and assess its associated factors among individuals infected with HIV in Arba Minch Hospital, south Ethiopia. A facility-based cross-sectional study involving 170 HIV-infected individuals attending Arba Minch Hospital antiretroviral therapy
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Yideg Yitbarek, Getachew, Andualem Mossie Ayana, Moyeta Bariso Gare, and Gashaw Garedew Woldeamanuel. "Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment and Its Predictors among HIV/AIDS Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia." Psychiatry Journal 2019 (March 13, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8306823.

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Background. Cognitive impairment among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients can lead to treatment nonadherence, faster progression of the illness, disability, and bed ridden state if we fail to detect it early. However, there is scarcity of previous published studies in Ethiopia on the assessment of cognitive impairment among HIV-positive patients. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of cognitive impairment among HIV-positive patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) at Jimma University Medical Center, Ethiopia. Methods. Hospital-bas
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Osman, Fozia T., and Mengist A. Yizengaw. "Virological Failure and Associated Risk Factors among HIV/AIDS Pediatric Patients at the ART Clinic of Jimma university Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia." Open AIDS Journal 14, no. 1 (2020): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874613602014010061.

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Background: Pediatric antiretroviral treatment failure is an under-recognized issue that receives inadequate attention in the field of pediatrics and within HIV treatment programs. Despite the reduction in morbidity and mortality, a considerable proportion of patients fail to achieve a sustained virologic response to therapy. Thus virological failure is an increasing concern globally. Objective: This study aimed to assess the virological failure and associated risk factors among HIV/AIDS pediatric patients at Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) follow up clinic of Jimma University Medical Center, s
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Mihiretie, Hylemariam, Bineyam Taye, and Aster Tsegaye. "Magnitude of Anemia and Associated Factors among Pediatric HIV/AIDS Patients Attending Zewditu Memorial Hospital ART Clinic, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Anemia 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/479329.

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Background. Anemia is one of the most commonly observed hematological abnormalities and an independent prognostic marker of HIV disease. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of anemia and associated factors among pediatric HIV/AIDS patients attending Zewditu Memorial Hospital (ZMH) ART Clinic in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among pediatric HIV/AIDS patients of Zewditu Memorial Hospital (ZMH) between August 05, 2013, and November 25, 2013. A total of 180 children were selected consecutively. Stool specimen was collected and processed. A st
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Mama, Mohammedaman, Aseer Manilal, Haile Tesfa, Hawa Mohammed, and Endeshaw Erbo. "Prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Associated Factors Among HIV Positive Patients Attending Antiretroviral Therapy Clinic at Arba Minch General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia." Open Microbiology Journal 12, no. 1 (2018): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874285801812010163.

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Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an extremely contagious disease detrimentally affecting virtually every organ, most importantly the lungs. Pulmonary complications have been one of the commonest causes of morbidity and mortality since the advent of AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) pandemic. The AIDS virus has considerably reshape the epidemiology of TB by widening the risk of reactivating latent TB, increasing the possibility of TB infection once contracted to tubercle bacilli (re-infection) and by elevating the risk of rapid progression instantly after the infection. In this backgro
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Sebsibe, Mengistu A., Molla A. Kebede, Yosef H. Kazintet, Bizuayehu T. Gosaye, Addisalem M. Teferi, and Milkiyas Toru. "Clinical outcome and risk factors of patients with suspected pneumonia in Southwest district of Ethiopia, 2020: A retrospective study." European Journal of Inflammation 19 (January 2021): 205873922110482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20587392211048267.

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Acute respiratory infections (ARIs), especially pneumonia, remain the leading cause of childhood mortality and the most common reason for adult hospitalization in low- and middle-income countries, despite advances in preventative and management strategies. This study was conducted to assess factors associated with poor clinical outcome of suspected pneumonia cases among hospitalized patients at the three public health hospitals in Southwest district of Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to July, 2020. Those patients admitted with suspected pneumonia were followed up durin
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Alamrew, Zelalem, Melkamu Bedimo, and Muluken Azage. "Risky Sexual Practices and Associated Factors for HIV/AIDS Infection among Private College Students in Bahir Dar City, Northwest Ethiopia." ISRN Public Health 2013 (March 12, 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/763051.

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Background. Adolescents and young adults engage in risky sexual behaviours that may expose them to risk of contracting sexual transmitted diseases. The aim of this study was to assess risky sexual practices and associated factors for HIV/AIDS infection. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2012 among 790 college students. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses with SPSS version 16 software package. Results. About 40.6% of sexually active respondents had risky sexual behaviour
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "AIDS (Disease) – Risk factors – Ethiopia"

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Abracen, Jeffrey. "Psychosocial risk factors for HIV infection." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28976.

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A group of 21 HIV-positive gay or bisexual men was compared with a matched group of 22 HIV-negative individuals. All subjects were sexually active gay or bisexual males matched for age, as well as age at first intercourse with males. Subjects completed a detailed sexual history questionnaire as well as a series of standardized measures of psychosocial functioning. Results indicated that subjects engaged in a wide range of unsafe sexual behaviours, and frequently combined drugs with sex. Scores on the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) were significantly correlated with lifetime condom u
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Tesfaye, Fikru. "Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease risk factors in Ethiopia : the rural-ruban gradient." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Univ, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1543.

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Ho, Yuk-yi Ella. "Risk factors associated with HIV testing among Hong Kong young adults implications for blood safety /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B23295119.

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Keenan, Lynn D. "Identifying risk factors for homelessness among people living with HIV disease /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11169.

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Allen, Annette Marie. "AIDS and Aging: Are the Eldery Becoming the New At-Risk Population?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278037/.

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This dissertation breaks new ground. It examines the perceptions of older adults towards AIDS prevention. Using the National Health Interview Survey, 1988: AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes Supplement, a modified Health Belief Model is developed. Despite the low number of older adults 55+ with AIDS, some extenuating circumstances increase their risk of AIDS contraction. Older adults have lower levels of knowledge about AIDS, weaker immune systems and receive more blood transfusions. Societal influences include educational neglect at the hands of physicians, healthcare workers and social service per
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Li, Wei Cathy, and 李薇. "Systematic review: risk factors of HIV/AIDS on young women in Africa." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48424328.

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Background: As many studies, women are more vulnerable to contract HIV through sex behavior than men from women. The low status of women also make women are more at risk of infecting with HIV. South Africa now is one of the most rapidly growing HIV epidemics in the world. In Africa, 74% of youth who get HIV/AIDS are young women and young girls. In 2005, there were 16.9 per cent women aged 15-24 years got HIV and only 4.4% men got HIV in South Africa. Objective: To identify the main internal risk factors and interventions/external factors of HIV/AIDS on young women in Africa.
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Abdul, Basir Mansoor Waranya Wongwit. "Factors influencing HIV/Aids risk behavior among freshmen students in Afghan universities /." Abstract, 2008. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2551/cd415/4938014.pdf.

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Miller, Diane K. "AIDS, knowledge, concerns, and universal precautions." Virtual Press, 1994. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/935925.

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Hospitals have been directed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration to educate health care workers about bloodborne pathogens. The purpose of this descriptive study is to assess the knowledge and concerns of health care workers regarding bloodborne pathogens and describe the application of universal precautions in practice.Orem's Theory of Self-Care was used for the framework because nurses are self-care agents, responsible for personal well-being, as well as patient's well-being. The instrument "Bloodborne Pathogens and Universa
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Tlou, Boikhutso. "Statistical methods to model the influence of age and gender on the behavioral risk factors of HIV/AIDS." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/400.

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The effects of gender and age on the behavioral risk of HIV/AIDS are not clearly understood as previous distinct studies which have been carried out, have given disputable and contradictory outcomes. This study therefore, discusses the statistical methods which can be used to model the influence of age and gender on the behavioral risk factors of HIV/AIDS. In general, generalized linear models are the main methods which can be applied to depict the impact of age and gender on the behavioral risk of becoming infected with HIV/AIDS virus. In this study, the main methods used were logistic regres
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Ho, Yuk-yi Ella, and 何玉儀. "Risk factors associated with HIV testing among Hong Kong young adults: implications for blood safety." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30252726.

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Books on the topic "AIDS (Disease) – Risk factors – Ethiopia"

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Duesberg, Peter. AIDS acquired by drug consumption and other noncontagious risk factors. Pergamon Press, 1992.

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Moya, Juan. SIDA: Aspectos ético-médicos. Universidad de Navarra, 1997.

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Preventing AIDS: A sourcebook for behavioral interventions. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1998.

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Irmanigrum, Yeane. Risk behavior and HIV prevalence in Tanah Papua 2006: Results of the IBBS 2006 in Tanah Papua. Ministry of Health, 2007.

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Nag, Moni. Sexual behaviour and AIDS in India. Vikas Pub. House, 1996.

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Kremer, Michael. Can having fewer partners increase prevalence of AIDS? National Bureau of Economic Research, 1994.

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Kremer, Michael. Can having fewer partners increase prevalence of AIDS? National Bureau of Economic Research, 1994.

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Dannecker, Martin. Homosexuelle Männer und Aids: Eine sexualwissenschaftliche Studie zu Sexualverhalten und Lebensstil. W. Kohlhammer, 1990.

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Kornfield, Ruth. Cultural practices related to HIV/AIDS risk behaviour: Community survey in Phalombe, Malawi. Support to AIDS and Family Health Project, 1997.

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Mradi wa Kupambana na UKIMWI (Zanzibar). Predisposing risk factors and STI infections among correctional facilities students "prisoners" in Zanzibar-Tanzania, April-June 2008. Zanzibar AIDS Control Programme, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "AIDS (Disease) – Risk factors – Ethiopia"

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Naidoo, Darrin Ryan, and Sherlina Kasipersad. "Vascular disease: coronary, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease." In ESC CardioMed. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0300.

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Antiretroviral therapy has resulted in a decrease in AIDS-related deaths. However, the increased life expectancy due to antiretroviral therapies has resulted in an increase in non-infectious diseases, including cardiovascular disease. HIV-infected patients have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease due to immune systemic activation that promotes endothelial inflammation and accelerated atherosclerosis. Antiretroviral therapy-related metabolic changes and a higher prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors in HIV-infected patients also results in an increased risk for developing cardiovascular disease. The cornerstone of management includes early initiation of antiretroviral therapy and early screening and management of traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
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Cohen, Mary Ann, and Harold W. Goforth. "Strategies for Primary and Secondary Prevention of HIV Transmission." In Handbook of AIDS Psychiatry. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195372571.003.0009.

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Since HIV disease was first recognized three decades ago, numerous efforts have been made to prevent its continued transmission. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that more than 56,000 Americans become infected each year—one person every 9 1/2 minutes—and that more than one million people in this country are now living with HIV (CDC, 2008, 2009;Hall et al., 2008). The CDC estimates that roughly 1 in 5 people infected with HIV in the United States is unaware of his or her infection and may be unknowingly transmitting the virus to others (CDC, 2008). Over the past 15 years, many behavioral HIV risk reduction interventions have been developed, with prevention efforts targeting mostly HIV-negative individuals and focusing almost exclusively on HIV testing and counseling. More recently, comprehensive HIV prevention has involved both primary and secondary prevention activities to decrease the number of new HIV infections and associated complications, respectively (Marks et al., 2006; O’Leary and Wolitski, 2009). Psychiatric factors both complicate and perpetuate the HIV pandemic as a result of unsafe sexual practices and substance use disorders. In this chapter, we describe some of the psychiatric and psychodynamic factors that lead to HIV transmission and present novel strategies to assist clinicians and health-care policymakers in prevention efforts. Primary prevention is defined as any activity that reduces the burden of morbidity or mortality from disease; it is to be distinguished from secondary prevention, in which activities are designed to prevent the complications of already existing disease. In the case of HIV, primary prevention efforts focus on strategies designed to prevent the transmission of HIV—keeping seronegative people seronegative. In the HIV pandemic, however, many prevention strategies share characteristics of both primary and secondary efforts, so the distinction is somewhat artificial. Multiple prevention strategies have been devised, and these center around HIV counseling, substance abuse programs, and HIV prevention and intervention programs for children. Counseling healthy pregnant women, uninfected children, adolescents, adults, and older persons about HIV risk reduction and providing information about sexual health are important components to primary prevention strategies, but few physicians and other clinicians actually do this unless it is a part of a program specifically designed to prevent HIV transmission.
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Biazin Kebede, Habtamu, and Seifegebriel Teshome. "Maternal Hepatitis Infections: Determining Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and C Virus Infections and Associated Risk Factors among Healthy Mothers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." In Hepatitis B [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99117.

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Introduction: Viral hepatitis is a global public health problem affecting millions of people every year, causing disability and death. Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viruses spread horizontally, mainly through sexual contact and contaminated needles, and vertically. Both cause considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Maternal infection is a risk factor for vertical transmission. Objective: To determine the seroprevalence of HBsAg and anti-HCV antibody among non-pregnant, apparently healthy mothers and to identify potential risk factors associated with HBV or HCV infection. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted on 454 apparently healthy women, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from May 2016 to June 2017. A systematic random sampling method was used to recruit participants. Result: A total of 454 mothers were enrolled. Seroprevalence of HBsAg and HCV was found to be 3.7% and 2.0%, respectively. HBc antibody was detected in 36.3% of the mothers. None of the participants was co-infected with both viruses. Previous history of liver disease, history of jaundice, HIV infection, and family history of liver disease were significantly associated with HBV infection. Marital status, caring for hepatitis patients, and a history of liver disease were factors significantly associated with HCV infection. Conclusion: Apparently, healthy mothers in Addis Ababa had intermediate level of endemicity for hepatitis B and C infections Routine screening and vaccination of high-risk reproductive mothers against HBV is advisable. Emphasis should be given to health education and promotion of infection control practices. Population based studies are strongly recommended to help monitor disease transmission patterns and to design evidence-based interventions against the spread of hepatitis infections in Ethiopia.
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Soffer, Jocelyn, and Mary Ann Cohen. "Psychotherapeutic Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders." In Handbook of AIDS Psychiatry. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195372571.003.0012.

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Persons living with HIV and AIDS face a complex array of stresses and challenges, as discussed throughout this book, which may overwhelm psychological functioning. This leads to considerable distress and suffering (Cohen et al., 2002), manifests in a multitude of psychiatric symptoms, and increases nonadherence to risk reduction and medical care. The aim of psychotherapeutic care for persons with HIV is to mitigate such distress through a combination of psychosocial interventions. Goals of such therapies may include enhancing adaptive coping strategies, facilitating adjustment to living with HIV, increasing social supports, and improving a patient’s sense of purpose, self-esteem, and overall well-being. Goals may also include improving adherence to risk reduction and medical care, as well as preventing HIV transmission. Psychological distress in persons with HIV infection is associated with decreased quality of life, disease progression, and mortality (Leserman, 2008). Considering the biopsychosocial model, emotional distress in HIV can be viewed as resulting from a combination of medical, psychological, and social factors related to the illness (see Table 8.1). In some studies, improved social support and active coping styles in response to illness and stress have correlated with improved immunological parameters. Studies have also linked depressed mood and stressful life events to worsened immunological status, including decreased CD4 cell counts. Nonetheless, randomized controlled data demonstrating the ability of behavioral and social interventions to improve immune status remain conflicted; further evidence-based research is needed. While improving immunological status is a potential benefit of psychosocial treatment for people with HIV infection, it is relieving the suffering inherent to psychiatric illness and improving patients’ quality of life that remain the primary goals. A variety of psychosocial interventions are available to persons with HIV, from individual to group-based formats. Such treatments span a spectrum of psychotherapeutic approaches, including supportive, psychodynamic, interpersonal, and cognitive-behavioral. This chapter will consider the benefits of such psychosocial interventions by summarizing the current state of research and findings for each of these treatment approaches, addressing both individual and group settings.
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Dognin, Joanna S., and Peter A. Selwyn. "HIV Infection and AIDS-Associated Neoplasms." In Psycho-Oncology, edited by Mark Lazenby. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190097653.003.0032.

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Since the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), people living with HIV have aged and shown a growing vulnerability to a variety of comorbidities, including cancer. While the availability of HAART has led to a sharp decrease in the rates of non-AIDS-defining malignancies (non-ADMs), HIV-infected people exhibit increased risks for a range of non-AIDS-defining cancers, both at younger ages and in more aggressive forms than non-HIV-infected persons. The uncertainty of living with both HIV and cancer places significant stressors on the patient and their family and social unit. This chapter describes the prevalence of cancer in the HIV-infected population and presents behavioral risk factors for developing cancer. It discusses three patient vignettes to illustrate how the additional burden of cancer interfaces with psychological and systemic resources required for living with HIV. As HIV extends into its fifth decade, medical practices treating HIV require additional cancer education, prevention, and intervention initiatives to better serve this vulnerable population. Finally, given the tremendous mortality still exacted by HIV disease and malignancies, HIV team models must also incorporate and integrate palliative care and end-of-life care expertise into the comprehensive care of patients living with and dying from HIV.
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Col, Nananda F. "New Technologies in Personalized Decision Support to Enhance Patient Choice." In Pharmacoinformatics and Drug Discovery Technologies. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0309-7.ch013.

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Medical decisions are difficult when there are two or more reasonable options and each option has good and bad features that different people may value differently because of differences in health, risk factors, preferences, or values. Personalized decision support tools are being developed in many areas, but two particularly promising areas are patient decision aids and Risk Prediction Models (RPMs). These personalized decision support tools can help patients and/or providers make better decisions about preventing, managing, or treating disease, taking into consideration specific aspects of an individual patient that distinguish them from an ’average’ patient or the population at large. Decision aids tend to focus on individual differences in preferences and values, whereas RPM’s focus on individual differences in clinical, biological, and behavioral risk factors. There are tremendous opportunities with both approaches, and both have been shown to be able to improve clinical judgment and decision making. Decision support tools are needed that provide personalized service that addresses important individual differences in biology, values, and preferences, and that targets the provider-patient dyad.
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Magula, Nombulelo P., Rubeshan Perumal, and Ruffin Apalata. "Antiretroviral treatment." In ESC CardioMed. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0302.

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Achieving the targets set by UNAIDS for the year 2020 will enable the world to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030. Combination antiretroviral treatment (ART) is key to success of this goal and expanding access to all who need it, an imperative. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), ART, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors have all been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected patients, either separately or collectively. The HIV replication in infected patients without ART is associated with an increase in cardiovascular disease risk, which seems to reduce with ART. Proinflammatory cytokines maintained with HIV infection and associated with endothelial activation leading to a proatherogenic profile appear to improve with ART. Associations between protease inhibitors and increased triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol have been demonstrated. Although ART use has been associated with an increased cardiovascular risk in HIV-1-infected patients, the overall mortality benefit of ART seems to outweigh the cardiovascular risk. In the context of ART, traditional risk factors have been shown to be strong predictors of cardiovascular disease. Emphasis should be placed on assessment for and management of traditional risk factors. ART with less cardiovascular toxicity should be selected. Early initiation of ART is now recommended.
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Dzudie, Anastase, and Friedrich Thienemann. "Pulmonary hypertension: definitions, classification, diagnosis, and management." In ESC CardioMed. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0301.

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Pulmonary hypertension is a devastating, progressive disease associated with increasingly debilitating symptoms and a poor prognosis due to narrowing of the pulmonary vasculature and consequential right heart failure. The epidemiological profile of pulmonary hypertension across the world is largely unknown. However, recent reports suggest that the incidence in developing countries is higher than in high-income countries due to a higher prevalence of antecedent risk factors and contributory diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and tuberculosis. HIV/AIDS is a global pandemic affecting approximately 37 million people. When HIV infection is diagnosed early and combination antiretroviral therapy is initiated in time, most patients experience acceptable immune recovery and can reach normal life expectancy. With the decline of HIV-related morbidity and mortality and increased life expectancy, non-HIV-related conditions and HIV-associated cardiovascular disease such as pulmonary hypertension continue to rise in this cohort. This chapter describes the burden, pathogenesis, and impact of combination antiretroviral therapy on HIV-associated pulmonary hypertension.
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Cohen, DDS, MS, PhD, Nicolas. "Periodontal Treatment and Computerized Occlusal Analysis." In Oral Healthcare and Technologies. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1903-4.ch002.

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This chapter addresses the ongoing controversy regarding occlusion's role in the progression of periodontal disease. Occlusal force has been considered a non-factor in the initiation of periodontal attachment loss. However, the absence of a validated measuring device or quantifying method for analyzing the occlusion has contributed to the confusion that still exists in the scientific community today about the relationship between periodontal disease and occlusion. The development of the T-Scan occlusal measurement technology, which is independent of a clinician's occlusal contact force level subjective assessment, may change the scientific opinion about occlusion's role in periodontal disease. This chapter illustrates how the T-Scan 8 system aids in treating patients who have tissue loss and occlusal issues. Notably, after the major etiologic risk factors of periodontal disease have been controlled, adjusting the occlusion with the T-Scan improves healing outcomes resulting in less inflammation, decreased probing depths, and bone level stability.
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Cohen, DDS, MS, PhD, Nicolas. "Periodontal Treatment and Computerized Occlusal Analysis." In Handbook of Research on Computerized Occlusal Analysis Technology Applications in Dental Medicine. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6587-3.ch018.

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This chapter addresses the ongoing controversy regarding occlusion's role in the progression of periodontal disease. Occlusal force has been considered a non-factor in the initiation of periodontal attachment loss. However, the absence of a validated measuring device or quantifying method for analyzing the occlusion has contributed to the confusion that still exists in the scientific community today about the relationship between periodontal disease and occlusion. The development of the T-Scan occlusal measurement technology, which is independent of a clinician's occlusal contact force level subjective assessment, may change the scientific opinion about occlusion's role in periodontal disease. This chapter illustrates how the T-Scan 8 system aids in treating patients who have tissue loss and occlusal issues. Notably, after the major etiologic risk factors of periodontal disease have been controlled, adjusting the occlusion with the T-Scan improves healing outcomes resulting in less inflammation, decreased probing depths, and bone level stability.
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Conference papers on the topic "AIDS (Disease) – Risk factors – Ethiopia"

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Lubis, Frihastina, and Tambar Kembaren. "HIV / AIDS Prevalence and Risk Factors: Analysis of Changes over Time at H. Adam Malik General Hospital in Medan." In The 2nd International Conference on Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0009861200970101.

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Desmyter, J. "AIDS 1987." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644751.

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AIDS virus (HIV) transmission by transfusions and blood products has been essentially halted in industrialized countries which haye introduced systematic anti-HIV screening of donations in 1985. New anti-HIV screening assays, based in part on the replacement of disrupted HIV virions by defined DNA recombinant HIV antigens, have improved specificity; sensitivity has been improved as to dectect seroconversion at an earlier stage. Confirmatory assays and (self-)exclusion of risk groups from blood donation do remain mandatory. HIVAg can be detected in some infections before antibody conversion, an
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Hansen, Laura, Manu Platt, Roy L. Sutliff, and Rudolph L. Gleason. "The Mechanical and Structural Effects of HIV Proteins on Murine Carotid Arteries." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53693.

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Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is considered a global epidemic with over 65 million people worldwide infected with the HIV-1 virus, the causative agent [1]. The development of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly increased the life expectancy of people infected with the virus by slowing the progression to the development of AIDS. However, the treatment has also led to the emergence of early onset cardiovascular complications including myocardial infarction [2] and atherosclerotic lesions [3], as well as subclinical markers of atherosclerosis including incre
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Lobis, Yusuf Bachtiyar, Bhisma Murti, and Hanung Prasetya. "Influences of Peer Support Group and Psychosocio- Economic Determinants on Treatment Compliance in Hiv/Aids Patients in Sragen, Central Java." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.59.

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Background: Adherence to treatment is important to reduce viral replication, improve clinical and immunological conditions, reduce the risk of developing ARV resistance, and reduce the risk of HIV transmission. Peer support is suspected to be one of the factors driving drug intake adherence in patients with chronic disease. This study aimed to examine the influences of peer support and psychosocio-economic determinants on treatment compliance in HIV/AIDS patients. Subjects and Method: This was a case control design study conducted in Sragen, Central Java, Indonesia. A sample of 200 people with
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