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1
Mmusi, Bishy. "The development assumptions of Botswana television : an assessment." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007668.
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This study researched a project to set up a national television service for Botswana to find out whether the service could be used for rural development generally, and in particular to assist the Ministry of Health to implement its health projects in the rural areas and including the fight against the AIDS disease. It reviews conceptions of development and also analyses various communication models that usefully inform the conceptualisation of a TV service that can contribute to development. The study was done by going through reports of feasibility studies on the project and through letters of official correspondence among officials of the Government of Botswana who debated the subject of whether or not the country should have a national TV service. The reports and correspondence were supplemented with interviews of key people involved in the implementation of the project, as well as interviews of officials of the Ministry of Health. The findings of the study are that the Botswana television service project started and ended on a footing that forgot about television, a medium that is dependent on professional and organisational capacity and purpose, and as a result the project did not take-off. A qualitative method was used as the study required in-depth interviews during which new issues kept on emerging and nothing could be pre-determined because the study took place as the project was being implemented. The study was completed in June 2000, at a point where the project should have been completed but it was discovered that the station could not go on air as a television service had not been conceptualised and there was no management structure in place and the Government of Botswana appealed to the British Government for the staff of the British Broadcasting Corporation to come quickly to Botswana to rescue the project and put it on track, supposedly. The study has concluded that the Botswana television service project became stillborn because there was a lack of professional and intellectual capacity to conceptualise the service, and instead there had been too much concentration on the construction of the TV building and acquisition of equipment.
2
Mberengo, Sarah. "The relationship between socio-economic status and the practice of HIV self-protective/preventive behaviours among the residents of Maruapula, Gaborone." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79948.
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Thesis (MPhil--Stellenbosch University, 2013.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The incidence of HIV/AIDS in Botswana is one of the largest in the world taking its toll on many lives and posing developmental challenges to the nation. Nearly 25% of the population is living with HIV and 14% are newly infected; AIDS is acknowledged as the major cause of death. Most HIV and AIDS studies have been dominated by surveillance, biomedical and ethical methodologies. These approaches failed to stem the tide of HIV infection because they did not follow-up with the tracking of risky behaviours and the underlying causes of the behaviours. This research scrutinized socio-economic factors in relation to the spread of the epidemic. Available literature showed that little or no attention has been paid to the socio-economic backgrounds in which individuals exist in connection with understanding HIV and AIDS. This study used an economic model of risky sexual behaviour to explore the link between socio-economic status and the practice of HIV self-protective/preventive behaviours in Maruapula, Gaborone, Botswana. The research is vital as it goes beyond surveillance in an effort to establish why the community of the study is susceptible to HIV infection. This research l used both collected data and that from BAIS II.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die navorsing is oor die verhouding tussen sosio-ekonomiese status en die praktyk van MIV self-protective/preventive gedrag binne Maruapula distrik. Die doel van die studie is om vas te stel of daar 'n verband tussen sosio-ekonomiese status en die praktyk van MIV-voorkomende gedrag onder die inwoners, van Maruapula, Gaborone, Botswana. Data is ingesamel deur die gebruik van vraelyste en die ontleding van die statistiek het getoon dat die is geen verwantskap tussen sosio-ekonomiese status en die praktyk van MIV self-protective/preventive gedrag onder die inwoners. Aanbevelings gebaseer op die bevindinge is gemaak met betrekking tot MIV-voorkoming in die woongebied in die besonder
en in die land in die algemeen.
3
Kesamang, Lefhoko. "Social workers' experiences of HIV and AIDS intervention in Botswana." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/532.
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This study endeavoured to explore and describe the experiences of social workers in their intervention with HIV and AIDS clients within the Department of Clinical Services of the Ministry of Health in Botswana. The researcher undertook a qualitative research study, using an exploratory, descriptive and contextual design to explore these experiences as perceived by the social workers. The method of data collection included semi-structured face-to-face interviews, as this was deemed most appropriate to the nature of the study. Data analysis was undertaken according to the outline of Tesch (1990), as stated in Creswell (1994:155). The findings were reported as themes, sub-themes and categories emanating from the data-analysis process. In ensuring the trustworthiness of the findings, the researcher adhered to Guba’s (1981) model (in Krefting, 1991:251). The research findings were subjected to a literature control, and culminated in the compiling of the research report. The research findings centred around the following five themes: · experiences of intervention with HIV and AIDS clients; · challenges in HIV and AIDS intervention; · measures to alleviate challenges of HIV and AIDS intervention; · intervention strategies utilised by social workers; and · suggestions and advice to new social workers. The recommendations resulting from this research project proposed inter alia that social workers need to be trained in specific and specialised areas related to HIV and AIDS intervention in the health setting, and that the support structures and a holistic multidisciplinary service delivery approach need to be put in place to assist social workers to be able to meet the needs of the clients as well as their own needs. Key Words: participants, clients/patient, qualitative, HIV and AIDS, experiences, intervention, strategies.
4
Strader, Scott C. "A causal model examining AIDS prejudice : AIDS attitudes and homophobia as latent variables." Virtual Press, 1994. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/917830.
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Prejudice and discrimination against people infected with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is widespread. A significant body of research has examined what personality and demographic characteristics appear to be related to discriminatory behavior, in an attempt to suggest who might be more likely to express prejudicial attitudes and discrimination against people with AIDS. This study tested two causal models which attempted to verify existing theories explaining the influences of demographic and attitudinal factors on the evaluation of a person with AIDS. Specifically, these models sought to answer questions related to what personality characteristics and demographic information are most important to AIDS educators and counselors when examining prejudice and discrimination towards persons with AIDS. Three hundred university undergraduates participated in the study. Structural equations modeling was used to analyze the extent to which the models fit the data. Results showed that both models adequately explained the data, with the model establishing a direct causal link between homophobic attitudes and AIDSbased prejudice as the preferred model. Alternative models were also considered in a post-hoc fashion. Implications of the results are discussed, with specific emphasis given to the potential ramifications to further research, counseling practice, and AIDS education.<br>Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services
5
Ketshabile, Lisbon Simeon. "The impact of HIV/AIDS on the socio-economic environment in Botswana with special reference to tourism." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1624.
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Thesis (DTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010<br>Purpose: Botswana is one of the countries with the highest HIV/AIDS prevalence rate in the world. This research aims to investigate the impact of HIV/AIDS on the socio-economic environment in Botswana with special reference to the country’s tourism sector. Tourism plays a vital role in the economy of Botswana. It creates employment, earns foreign exchange, markets Botswana internationally, attracts foreign investments and contributes to Gross Domestic Products (GDP).Methodology: This report explains the HIV/AIDS situation and policy framework relative to the tourism sector in Botswana and in selected African countries through conducting an extensive literature review and empirical surveys. This is a quantitative research in which non-probability method is used to indentify the respondents. Here tourism general managers are identified and asked to identify their subordinates who are available and willing to participate in the survey by answering a self-administered questionnaire.Findings: This study indicates that HIV/AIDS threatens the Botswana tourism and the viability of the socio-economic factors. In general, the Southern African region is experiencing the highest rate of HIV infection in the world. The infection rate is particularly high among the young people (aged 15 – 49). This age group constitutes people who are economically active, and a number of them work directly or indirectly in the tourism sector. HIV/AIDS kills the economically active population – people who hold the skills, do the work, pay taxes, raise children, vote in the elections, and provide leadership. HIV/AIDS results in increased mortality and morbidity rates, and it also results in increased health expenditure. It also results in increased poverty level in the country.Practical implications: When observing the prevalence and impact of HIV/AIDS not only in the tourism sector but in general, it becomes evident that the fight against the disease should be a collaborative approach involving various sectors including tourism. Relying only on government and health sector to address the complex and systematic impact of HIV/AIDS cannot effectively combat the disease and its prevalence rate.Originality/value: This report analyses HIV/AIDS situation in Botswana in a creative way, contributing to the understanding of its impacts on the socio-economic environment as well as identifying strategies that can be used in addressing the impacts. This research is important for public policy makers, government officials, and tourism role-players to be aware of implications HIV/AIDS has on the socio-economic environment and take them into consideration in the policy formulation and implementation, business strategies and processes. It is also imperative to academics who would like to expand their knowledge on HIV/AIDS.
6
Johnson, Lauri Sue. "An examination of moral boundaries associated with legal and social changes in response to the AIDS epidemic." PDXScholar, 1992. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4320.
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This thesis explores the relationship between law and society and various forms of causality: (1) legal change leading to social change; (2) social change leading to legal change; and (3) the interdependent interaction between social change and legal change. It is proposed that a multi-directional approach would be the most useful in examining the moral boundaries exemplified in the law identified with legal and social changes that have resulted in response to the AIDS epidemic.
7
Lo, Yuk-ping, and 盧鈺苹. "The securitisation of HIV/AIDS: China and India." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4832968X.
Full textAbstract:
Securitisation theory has made significant contributions to security studies. However, the theory is not without theoretical and empirical shortcomings. Notably, a lack of operationalisation and differentiation has led to a binary classification of results as either ‘securitised or not’. In addition, the presence of Euro-centric assumptions has weakened the theory’s applicability in non-Western contexts.
This thesis develops a new framework featuring a typology with eight branches of securitisation. The thesis then uses that framework to study HIV/AIDS securitisation in two Asian countries: China and India.
The process of HIV/AIDS securitisation in both countries is illustrated chronologically. Following the international HIV/AIDS securitisation obtained in 2000, the study shows that HIV/AIDS has been fully securitised by both national governments since 2004. However, the Chinese government addressed HIV/AIDS through a stand-alone programme, whereas India’s national HIV/AIDS programme was integrated into its primary health care system.
Six cities were included in the detailed empirical analysis: Beijing, Shanghai, and Kunming in China, and New Delhi, Mumbai, and Imphal in India. Semi-structured interviews were conducted amongst 62 individuals working in HIV/AIDS-related non-governmental organisations, and 10 officials working in government agencies. Chinese respondents were receptive to framing the threat and handling of HIV/AIDS, yet many grassroots organizations lacked opportunities to participate in the national HIV/AIDS programme. In contrast, such groups were strongly involved in national HIV/AIDS interventions; however, Indian government efforts in fully securitising HIV/AIDS were largely faded out.
The thesis therefore responds to the major theoretical and empirical shortcomings identified by security scholars. The thesis also advances the existing knowledge of security studies in general, and HIV/AIDS securitisation processes in the non-Western world in particular.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Humanities and Social Sciences<br>Doctoral<br>Doctor of Philosophy
8
Scheibe, Kim. "AIDS anxiety and sexual behavior: a comparative study." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52073.
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Questionnaire responses of 214 college students at Virginia Polytechnic & State University regarding AIDS anxiety and how it affects sexual behavior were analyzed. Results indicated that women tend to have more AIDS anxiety than do men. Fifty-three percent of the male respondents reported their AIDS anxiety to be low/very low, and 15.7% reported high/very high, while 44.9% of the women responded low/very low, and 22.5% as being high/very high.
Both males and females reported an increase in the number of sexual encounters a month, however, the number of different partners has decreased when data from 1986 and 1988 were compared. In 1986, 36.9% of the males reported being sexually active 3+ times a month, while in 1988, 51.5% of the males were sexually active 3+ times a month. In 1986, 50.2% of the females reported being sexually active 3+ times a month, whi1e 56.6% of the females in 1988 indicated that frequency. In 1986, 36.2% of the males and 31.5% of the females responded that they had 3+ different partners while 22.9% of the males and 14.1% of the females responded this way in 1988.
Those who reported experiencing high anxiety concerning AIDS were less likely to use birth control than those who reported a low AIDS anxiety. Seventy-one percent of the respondents reported using some form of birth control, with 35.5% reporting the use of condoms.<br>Master of Science
9
Bitangaro, Barbara Kagoro. "The role of gender relations in decision-making for access to antiretrovirals. A study of the AIDS Support Organisation (TASO) clients, Kampala district, Uganda." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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The way gender relations influence access to care and treatment particularly access to antiretroviral medicines is a challenge to HIV/AIDS programmes and to the individuals and families with HIV. Gender norms that push women and men to adhere to dominant ideals of femininity and masculinity may restrict women's access to economic resources, health care and fuel the spread of HIV. The aim of this study was to determine the role of gender relations in influencing decision-making for access to antiretroviral medicines between partners and in the family.
10
Mechar, Kyle William. "The cultural logic of dis-ease : difference andas displacement in popular discourses of the AIDS crisis." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23229.
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This thesis investigates the cultural and social production of AIDS in popular discourse, particularly film and mass media, and offers a critical consideration of the ways in which the proliferation and dispersion of these discourses function in our current episteme to rearticulate and reinscribe traditional value systems of sexuality, familialism, and nationalism. Taking the lead of the work of Michel Foucault on the body in various historical regimes, the author here will posit a theoretical analysis of the "discursive formation" of AIDS, how the body of AIDS is put into discourse, to provide a matrix for establishing the various disciplinary and regulatory apparatuses structuring the epidemic--that is, the affirmation of certain kinds of pleasures and bodies and the strategic circumvention of other pleasures and bodies. Under what the author refers to as the cultural logic of dis-ease, the investigations that follow will be animated by the central question: Whose pleasure and/or power is served by these representations and discourses of the body of AIDS in popular cultural practices?
11
Beetge, Lijahne. "Themes related to children living with HIV/AIDS." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21549.
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Assignment (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This review examines themes related to children, especially children under the age of fifteen,
living with HIV/Aids. For review purposes themes include defining children living with HIV/Aids
as a vulnerable population, the psychological impact of HIV/Aids on children, children’s
coping with and perceptions of HIV/Aids. The global HIV/Aids pandemic has caused major
worldwide social change. The impact, especially the psychological impact of HIV/Aids on
children appears to be vast and at times disastrous in nature. HIV/Aids is estimated to affect
the lives of several generations of children and the impact of the pandemic will therefore
characterize their communities for decades to come as the numbers of affected and infected
children are on the increase. It has been noted by research done that children living with
HIV/Aids become impoverished, their insecurities worsen and their psychosocial and
psychological problems increase. In addition their educational and work opportunities decline,
their nurturing and support systems disintegrate, and child mortality rates rise. The necessity
of psychological support for children affected and infected by HIV/Aids is directly linked to the
rights of children listed in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and the
South African Constitution. Research reviewed points out that a child’s physical and
psychological health is intertwined and therefore a child cannot be physically healthy without
also being psychologically secure. Research reviewed also points out that it is of the utmost
importance that the voices of children who live with HIV/Aids are heard, their involvement in
decision making and planning related to HIV/Aids is allowed and that their needs are met,
especially their psychological needs in relation to the pandemic. Overall the literature
reviewed in the past four years (2003-2006) highlights the significantly under-investigated,
under-researched themes such as psychological aspects related to children living with
HIV/Aids, both in South Africa and internationally. These aspects surrounding HIV/Aids, as
previously mentioned, also seem to be the least tangible and the most difficult for adults to
address or comprehend fully and yet they impinge on all aspects of developing children -
hence the identified need in this area for adequate research and psychological support, such
as program implementation.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie literatuuroorsig bied ’n ondersoek na die wêreldwye sosiale verandering en uitwerking
wat die globale HIV/vigs-pandemie tot gevolg het. Daar word veral gelet op temas wat
verwantskap hou met kinders, veral kinders vyftien jaar oud en jonger wat leef met HIV/vigs.
Temas sluit in die definiëring van kinders as weerloos, kinders se hantering van HIV/vigs,
hulle persepsies van HIV/vigs en hulle sielkundige behoeftes en ander aspekte met
betrekking tot HIV/vigs. Die trefkrag van HIV/vigs blyk omvattend en by tye rampspoedig te
wees. Na beraming beïnvloed HIV/vigs verskeie geslagte van kinders en die uitwerking van
die pandemie sal dus dekades lank nog deel vorm van hulle gemeenskappe soos die aantal
kinders wat geïnfekteer en geaffekteer is, toeneem. Navorsing toon dat kinders wat met
HIV/vigs leef, verarm. Verder vererger hulle onsekerhede en hulle psigososiale en
sielkundige probleme neem toe. Ook neem die kinders se opvoedkundige en
werkgeleenthede af, hulle versorgings- en ondersteuningsnetwerke disintegreer en
sterftesyfers neem toe. Die noodsaaklikheid van sielkundige ondersteuning vir kinders wat
deur HIV/vigs geïnfekteer en geaffekteer is, word direk in verband gebring met die regte van
kinders soos gelys in die Verenigde Nasies se Konvensie oor die Regte van die Kind en die
Suid-Afrikaanse Grondwet. Die literatuuroorsig toon dat ‘n kind se fisieke en sielkundige
gesondheid ten nouste met mekaar verband hou en daarom kan ’n kind nie fisiek gesond
wees sonder om ook sielkundig geborge te wees nie. Verder dui navorsing ook op die
kardinale belang daarvan dat kinders wat leef met HIV/vigs se stemme gehoor word, hulle
betrokkenheid by besluitneming en beplanning verseker word en al hulle behoeftes bevredig
word, veral hulle sielkundige behoeftes wat met die pandemie verband hou. Oor die
algemeen beklemtoon die literatuuroorsig wat oor die afgelope vier jaar strek (2003-2006) dat
daar nie voldoende navorsing gedoen is met betrekking tot temas wat verwantskap hou met
kinders en HIV/vigs nie, nie alleen in Suid-Afrika nie, maar ook internasionaal. Hierdie
bevindings is kommerwekkend veral omdat Suid-Afrika ‘n land is met onrusbarende groot
getalle kinders wat deur HIV/vigs geïnfekteer is. Dit wil ook voorkom of hierdie aspekte wat te
make het met kinders en HIV/vigs nie baie duidelik is vir volwassenes nie en ook die
moeilikste is om te hanteer of ten volle te verstaan, hoewel dit alle aspekte van die kind se
ontwikkeling raak. Vandaar die behoefte op hierdie gebied aan voldoende navorsing en
sielkundige ondersteuning, soos program implementering.
12
Karsten, Anja. "Knowledge and attitudes of religious leaders towards HIV/AIDS." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50387.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Religion plays a significant role in the structuring of people's identities and
perceptions and also has the potential to playa fundamental role to determine
how communities respond to HIV/AIDS. Faith-based organisations are
respected in their communities and have existing resources, structures and
systems in place. People who are diagnosed with HIV often turn to the
church where they receive emotional and spiritual support.
The primary objective of this study was to determine the knowledge of
religious leaders about HIV/AIDS and their attitudes towards people living with
it. A non-experimental quantitative research design was used in this study
and the data was gathered through a structured questionnaire.
The respondents were not exceptionally informed about the transmission of
the HI-virus, but their knowledge around the risk of specific sexual behaviour
was high and their attitudes towards PLHA generally positive.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geloof speel "n belangrike rol in die vorming van "n mens se identiteit en
persepsies en het ook die potensiaal om gemeenskappe se reaksie rakende
MIV/Vigs te bepaal. Geloofsorganisasies word in hul gemeenskappe
gerespekteer en het bestaande hulpbronne en stelsels in plek. Mense wat
MIV postitef gediagnoseer word, wend hul dikwels na hierdie organisasies
waar hul emosionele en geestelike ondersteuning ontvang.
Die doel van hierdie navorsing was om die kennis en houdings van
geloofsleiers rondom MIV/Vigs en die mense wat daarmee leef te bepaal. "n
Nie-eksperimenteel kwantitatiewe navorsingsontwerp is gebruik, en die data
is deur middel van "n gestruktureerde vraelys ingesamel.
Hoewel die respondente se kennis omtrent die oordrag van die MI-virus nie
voldoende was nie, het hul die nodige kennis rondom die risiko van spesifieke
seksuele gedrag gehad. Hul houdings rondom MIV/Vigs en mense wat
daarmee leef was positief.
13
Abracen, Jeffrey. "Psychosocial risk factors for HIV infection." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28976.
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A group of 21 HIV-positive gay or bisexual men was compared with a matched group of 22 HIV-negative individuals. All subjects were sexually active gay or bisexual males matched for age, as well as age at first intercourse with males. Subjects completed a detailed sexual history questionnaire as well as a series of standardized measures of psychosocial functioning. Results indicated that subjects engaged in a wide range of unsafe sexual behaviours, and frequently combined drugs with sex. Scores on the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) were significantly correlated with lifetime condom use. Social support was also found to be significantly associated with the lifetime number of homosexual partners. Regression analysis revealed a significant negative association between MAST scores and social support and a positive relationship between social support and CD-4 cell count. The groups were found to be similar in terms of clinical levels of anxiety and depression, self-esteem in interpersonal situations, and risk-taking personality.
14
Malatji, Modjadji Linda. "The experiences of women living with HIV and AIDS in Mankweng area, Limpopo Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/696.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A. (Social work)) --University of Limpopo, 2007<br>The impact of AIDS has an overwhelming effect on women as they are unable to fulfill their multiple roles. For many women, a diagnosis of HIV/AIDS carries a profound physical, psychological and social burden. Gender inequities, poverty and a growing prevalence of HIV in developing countries have increased the vulnerability of women to HIV infection. Women’s lack of social and economic independence and their low status in their marital households also increase their vulnerability to HIV. They are susceptible to stigma and discrimination when they are identified as being HIV-positive. Negative social responses in these situations may result in them being rejected by their families and denied access to resources.
A qualitative exploratory-descriptive study was conducted with fifty six women living with HIV/AIDS (WLWHA) in the Mankweng area and surrounding villages. Six focus groups interviews were conducted to elicit information about their experiences and perceptions on the way families, communities, health and social service professions treat them. A quantitative approach was also used to indicate the number of participants who shared similar views on a particular issue.
The striking feature about the participants’ explanation of HIV and AIDS is that, they associated HIV/AIDS with makgoma (contaminations). The participants also reported that dealing with the consequences of the disease is a huge challenge. They also face challenges in managing their illness. Their problems are compounded by accusations from their partners, family members and the community who blame them for the infection. This creates stress for them that may be detrimental to their physical and emotional health. The participants freely expressed views on HIV/AIDS, aspects that are positive and unsupportive of people living with HIV/AIDS. They shared their physical, social, psychological, cultural and economical challenges. The findings also revealed that an overwhelming number (89%) of WLWHA are struggling with negotiating for condom use. Some of their partners are reluctant to use condoms thus, risking re-infection that is detrimental to their health. The participants’ plea is for the health and social service professionals to become sensitive and compassionate towards them.<br>Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC)
15
Fineide, Line Viktoria. "Global agenda-setting in multilateral AIDS governance : testing the Vanwesenbeeck model." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86472.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Globally as well as nationally, AIDS is politically contested. Since AIDS was first identified
in 1981 there have been several responses to the pandemic, reflecting AIDS’ biomedical,
political and social nature and implications. Although there are many ways to frame and
approach AIDS, no single approach appears to be universally superior to any other, especially
as these various approaches are essential for a comprehensive global response to the
pandemic. However, these several responses can also represent contested constructs of how
AIDS is inter-subjectively problematised based on different ontological understandings and
epistemological preferences. The existence of such contested constructs suggests that
multilateral AIDS governance is shaped by binaries and zero-sum games where the overall
approach ought to be holistic. As such, some scholars claim that HIV is increasingly treated
as something medical, and outside the context of overall development issues, sexual and
reproductive health, human rights and structural violence. Recently, Vanwesenbeeck (2011)
offered a simplified model of ‘high-road’ and ‘low-road’ solutions to the pandemic,
problematising specifically the global policy/political response. Vanwesenbeeck’s model
suggests that biomedical, vertically distributed and asexual high-road approaches are
prioritised at the expense of the more community oriented, sexual and rights-based low-road
approaches. This, Vanwesenbeeck argues, is because current ideas and norms of the market,
moralism and medicalisation are more aligned with the de-contextual, de-sexual and
quantifiable characteristics of high-road approaches. This study tests the analytical utility of
Vanwesenbeeck’s model with a case study of the policy and political narratives emerging
from the International AIDS Society’s nine International AIDS Conferences from 1996 until
2012. The research question this study investigates is thus: Can Vanwesenbeeck’s (2011)
model of high-road and low-road solutions be identified in and illuminate the policy ideas,
problem definitions and political binaries that play out in the discourse surrounding the
biennial International AIDS Conferences between 1996 and 2012? This main research question is complemented by three sub-questions concerning 1) the strengths and limitations
of Vanwesenbeeck’s model, 2) the general trends and developments in global AIDS
policy/political responses during, before and after the biennial International AIDS
Conferences and 3) the impact of the Global Financial Crisis on the global AIDS response.
Applying a qualitative methodology, the study finds that Vanwesenbeeck’s model can both be
identified in and elucidate the political discourses, policy implementations and binaries
surrounding the International AIDS Conferences between 1996 and 2012, albeit not all. The
analytical utility of Vanwesenbeeck’s model is limited by oversimplification of the highroad/
low-road binary and the exclusion of alternative ideas for high-road prioritisation, such
as humanitarianism, securitisation/sensationalism and the neoliberal ideological link between
medicalisation and the market, as well as negligence of the impact of the Global Financial
Crisis.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vigs is internasionaal sowel as nasionaal polities omstrede. Sedert Vigs die eerste keer in 1981
geïdentifiseer is, was daar al verskeie reaksies op die pandemie wat die biomediese, politieke en
maatskaplike aard en implikasies van die siekte weerspieël. Hoewel daar verskillende maniere is
om Vigs te beskou en te benader, blyk geen enkele benadering universeel superieur te wees nie,
veral aangesien al hierdie verskillende benaderinge noodsaaklik is vir ’n omvattende globale
reaksie op die pandemie. Tog kan hierdie verskillende reaksies ook as betwiste konstrukte
beskou word van hoe Vigs intersubjektief op grond van verskillende ontologiese begrippe en
epistemologiese voorkeure geproblematiseer word. Die bestaan van sulke betwiste konstrukte
gee te kenne dat multilaterale Vigsbestuur deur binêre en nulsombenaderinge gekenmerk word,
terwyl die algehele benadering veronderstel is om holisties te wees. Sommige vakkundiges
beweer dan ook dat MIV al hoe meer as ’n mediese probleem hanteer word, buite die konteks
van oorkoepelende ontwikkelingskwessies, seksuele en voortplantingsgesondheid, menseregte en
strukturele geweld. Vanwesenbeeck (2011) het onlangs ’n vereenvoudigde model van
sogenaamde ‘grootpad-’ en ‘smalpadoplossings’ vir die pandemie aan die hand gedoen wat
spesifiek die algehele beleids-/politieke reaksie problematiseer. Vanwesenbeeck se model voer
aan dat biomediese, vertikaal verspreide en aseksuele grootpadbenaderinge dikwels ten koste van
die meer gemeenskapsgerigte, seksuele en regtegebaseerde smalpadbenaderinge gekies word.
Dít, reken Vanwesenbeeck, is omdat huidige denke en norme met betrekking tot die mark,
moraliteit en medikalisasie eerder met die kontekslose, geslaglose en kwantifiseerbare kenmerke
van grootpadbenaderinge strook. Hierdie studie het die analitiese nut van Vanwesenbeeck se
model getoets met behulp van ’n gevallestudie van die beleids- en politieke narratiewe uit die
Internasionale Vigsvereniging se nege internasionale vigskonferensies vanaf 1996 tot 2012. Die
navorsingsvraag van hierdie studie was dus: Kan Vanwesenbeeck (2011) se model van grootpaden
smalpadoplossings geïdentifiseer word in, en lig werp op, die beleidsidees, probleemomskrywings en politieke teenpole wat uit die diskoers by die tweejaarlikse
internasionale vigskonferensies vanaf 1996 tot 2012 gespruit het? Hierdie hoofnavorsingsvraag
is aangevul deur drie verdere vrae oor (i) die sterkpunte en beperkinge van Vanwesenbeeck se
model, (ii) die algemene tendense en ontwikkelings in wêreldwye beleids-/politieke reaksies op
Vigs gedurende, voor en na die tweejaarlikse internasionale Vigskonferensies, en (iii) die impak
van die wêreldwye finansiële krisis op die wêreldwye Vigsreaksie. Met behulp van ’n
kwalitatiewe metodologie het hierdie studie bevind dat Vanwesenbeeck se model wél
geïdentifiseer kan word in, en lig werp op, sommige van die politieke diskoerse,
beleidsinwerkingstelling en teenpole waartoe die internasionale vigskonferensies tussen 1996 en
2012 gelei het. Die analitiese nut van Vanwesenbeeck se model word egter beperk deur die
oorvereenvoudiging van die grootpad-/smalpad-teenpole en die uitsluiting van alternatiewe idees
oor die prioritisering van grootpadoplossings, soos filantropie, sekuritasie/sensasionalisme en die
neoliberale ideologiese verband tussen medikalisasie en die mark, sowel as die verontagsaming
van die impak van die wêreldwye finansiële krisis.
16
Motene, Khantse. "The experiences of AIDS orphaned adolescents in Thaba-Bosiu, Maseru." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1025.
Full textAbstract:
“We owe them fathers, and a family and loving homes they never knew because we know deep in our hearts that they are all our children too,” These are words from the musical Miss Saigon by Boubill and Schonberg as quoted by van Dyk (2005:278) which prompted the researcher’s interest in the study. According to a study by Kimane and Mturi (2000:8), a good number of AIDS orphaned adolescents have the responsibility of the care of siblings. Moreover, they are economically active, forced to earn income for their own survival or for their unemployed siblings or extended family household. They are the young people one sees in the streets of Lesotho’s principle cities, selling fruit or collecting fares in local taxis. For girls, the situation is particularly dire. While they too sell goods on the streets or some are employed as domestic workers, many find the lure of commercial sex work and the promise of cash irresistible (Kimane and Mturi, 2000:8). However, Fraser (2004:143) denotes that some children, when faced with stressful conditions, construct socially adverse situations as challenges and opportunities and access adequate amounts of available individual and environmental resources. This general frame of reference through which individuals appraise and react to events and situations in the environment is termed resiliency (Fraser, 2004:143). The aim of the study was to explore and describe the experiences of AIDS orphaned adolescents. A qualitative approach with an exploratory-descriptive research design was employed to meet the aims of the study. The research was conducted in Thaba-Bosiu, Maseru. Purposive sampling was used to access a research sample with the assistance of a service rendering organisation in Lesotho. Data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews with eight AIDS orphaned adolescents between the ages of 15 -18 years. Data was analysed according to the framework provided by Tesch (in Creswell, 1994:153) and Guba’s model (in Krefting, 1991:217) was employed for data verification. It was anticipated that the study would contribute to the recommendations towards the development of more effective programmes for the AIDS orphans in Lesotho. In addition, undertaking this research was viewed as critical as it would provide the much needed scientific basis on which the Social Work professional body would be able to reflect on its AIDS orphan support strategies.
17
Castelletto, Simona. "Processes that influence the experiences of children living with mothers that have HIV: two case studies." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007728.
Full textAbstract:
Maternal HIV-infection is considered to be a threat to the psychosocial development of AIDS-affected children. In South Africa, AIDS-affected children may be particularly vulnerable due to the unprecedented effects of the HIV/AIDS epidemic on the breakdown of family and community resources in already disadvantaged communities. The aim of this study was to explore the contextualised experiences of two children living with mothers who have HIV by conducting two case studies. Mother-child dyads were recruited from local HIV/AIDS centres and informed consent was obtained. The mothers were in the minor symptomatic phase of HIV-infection and the children were uninfected and aged between 10 and 12 years. Through semi-structured interviewing, the mothers provided background and contextual information about the children. Play techniques were used in the child interviews to encourage the introduction and exploration of issues salient to the children. Play facilitated engagement around sensitive and potentially anxiety-provoking material. A key issue for the children was their concerns about the anticipated deaths of their mothers. The children held misconceptions about the transmission of HIV/ AIDS. They feared HIV/AIDS and expected that others would have negative perceptions of them. Family processes such as secrecy and avoidance around HIV/AIDS-related issues were understood to perpetuate the children's fears and false beliefs in a broader community context that stigmatised HIV/AIDS. It was argued that the mothers' shame over HIV-infection and their need to protect their relationship with their children compromised their ability to communicate openly with their children and to offer them meaningful emotional support. Limited parental involvement was identified as the key contextual process that engendered vulnerability in the children, as they were isolated within and beyond the family. Recommendations to address the processes that engendered vulnerability in the children are discussed.
18
Makhubele, Jabulani Calvin. "The impact of culture on the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS amongst people in low-resourced areas :a social work perspective." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2027.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. A. (Social Work)) -- University of Limpopo, 2004.<br>The aim of this study was to explore the impact of culture on the prevention and
reatment of HIV/AIDS amongst people in low-resourced areas like Malamulele. he study focused on the lifestyles, beliefs, attitudes and perceptions around ultural elements and practices, which might impact negatively on the prevention nd treatment of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. There were three groups of research espondents namely: learners from three high schools in Malamulele, some arents of the learners and the traditional/cultural leaders.
The researcher ollected both qualitative and quantitative data. The data was gathered through he use of an interview schedule (questionnaire), focus group discussions and ound-table discussion sessions. The data was presented, analysed and nterpreted by means of tables and charts.
t was found that people in low-resourced (rural) areas have little knowledge about HIV/AIDS, causes, symptoms and how the disease is transmitted. Despite the fact that awareness and educational campaigns and programmes are being rendered, people in low-resourced (rural) areas have little knowledge and needed skills about prevention and treatment of the pandemic. Polygamy and extra-marital relations by men is still highly valued and viewed at high esteem. Religious structures seem to be detached to the issue of HIV/AIDS as they mentioned that talking about HIV/AIDS is immoral and against their principles. The study also tried to explore the extent to which people in low-resourced areas view and use condoms as a protective means.
19
Jaquess, David L. "Psychosocial variance in the outcomes of pediatric HIV." Diss., This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-172642/.
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20
Brink, Nicole. "An interpretative phenomenological analysis of HIV positive individuals’ experiences of being in a support group." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/62988.
Full textAbstract:
People who have been diagnosed HIV positive often experience distress and anxiety due to uncertainties pertaining to the implications of an HIV positive status. Research has shown that support groups have always been a way for people to cope with the distress and stressful circumstances associated with health conditions such as HIV. This research investigated the role of face to face support groups in the lives of those living with HIV. The primary focus of this research project is to provide an in-depth exploration of HIV positive individuals‟ experiences of being in a support group. The study aims to explore the positive and negative experiences of being in an HIV support group and aims to gain an understanding of the role support plays in the lives of those living with HIV. A qualitative research design was used to explore the above mentioned aim. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five individuals, (three women and two men) who had experienced HIV support groups. The interviews were transcribed and then analysed according to the principles of interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). The findings of this study revealed five super-ordinate themes, which revealed not only the positive and negative experiences of being in a support group, but also the challenges that the participants‟ experienced before joining the group. Getting a sense of the participants‟ experience before joining the group allowed the researcher to get a better understanding of how useful or not the support group has been in helping them deal with the challenges of living with HIV. The themes included: „struggling to survive after diagnosis‟, „struggling to cope: adopting negative coping skills‟, „experiencing a turning-point: a will to survive‟, „attending support group: a sweet experience‟ and lastly, „attending support groups: a bitter experience‟. Findings suggest that for these participants, the advantages outweighed the disadvantages of being in a support group. Therefore this study suggests that face to face support groups are a viable and even necessary option for support. These findings support previous research and literature in regards to the importance of social support in the form of support groups in effectively assisting HIV positive people in their journey to adjust to the consequence of living with HIV.
21
Gitonga, Priscilla Nyawira. "Music as social discourse : the contribution of popular music to the awareness and prevention of HIV/AIDS in Nairobi, Kenya." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/962.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation is a critical, theoretical study focussing is on the contribution that popular music makes towards raising awareness and promoting the prevention of HIV/Aids in Nairobi, Kenya. Towards this end, an analysis of the lyrics and musical gestures of four Kenyan pop music songs is undertaken in order to highlight their communicative capabilities in this regard. These songs, namely, are Lulumbe by Wasike wa Musungu, Juala by Circute and Jo-el, Vuta Pumz by The Longombas, and Dunia Mbaya Chunguze by Princess Jully. The context in which these musical analyses occur is provided in: - An overview of the Kenya of today, in particular that of the diverse and hybrid ethnic, linguistic, musical and cultural practices of Nairobi, and of the various youth cultures in that city, as well as in an overview of the extent of the HIV/Aids pandemic in Kenya, especially amongst the youth of Nairobi, with some reflection on existing interventions. - An overview of current trends in popular music analysis and an explanation of the author’s own eclectic semiotic analytical methodology within this context. The study concludes that a repeating strategy may be discerned on the part of the composers and performers in question, namely, to first engage audiences through language and music with which they are familiar, and then to encourage audiences to confront the unknown and unfamiliar in music and language, but also ultimately in terms of their social practices. The known and the familiar is highlighted both in the lyrics and in the music itself. It includes use of commonlyspoken languages and dialects, popular musical styles typical of the particular sub-culture, and references to the day-to-day experiences of the ordinary person.
22
Hogan, Paula Jaye. "A constructivist study of social work's involvement with HIV/AIDS." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1079.
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23
Judge, Melanie. "The contemporary construction of the causality of HIV/AIDS :a discourse analysis and its implications for understanding national policy statements on the epidemic in South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Full textAbstract:
This study was concerned with the social construction of HIV/AIDS at the policy level in contemporary South Africa, and how such constructions shape the manner in which the epidemic is understood in popular discourse.
24
Ahmed, Abdul Kayum. "Positive Muslims: a critical analysis of Muslim AIDS activism in relation to women living with HIV/AIDS in Cape Town." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2003. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Full textAbstract:
This research critically analysed Muslim approaches to five women with HIV/AIDS in Cape Town focussing particularly on the approach of 'Positive Muslims' - an awareness-raising and support group for Muslims living with HIV/AIDS. The central question of this thesis dealt with the impact of the norms, values and practices of Cape Muslims on the approach of Positive Muslims to women living with HIV/AIDS. It is suggested that while norms and values articulated in religious texts inform the ideological approach of the organisation's AIDS prevention model. This is due to the pragmatic approach adopted by Postive Muslims which recognises that the articulated norms and values do not always conform to the practices of Cape Muslims.
25
Karp, Licia Blyth. "An exploratory study of the psychosocial needs of homosexual AIDS patients." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14276.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliography.<br>The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is primarily a sexually transmitted disease. The majority of those infected in the First World are homosexual and bisexual men, and intravenous drug users. The study combined a literature review and a case example to explore psychosocial needs of homosexual AIDS patients with a view to presenting recommendations for mental health practitioners to help alleviate the psychosocial trauma of these patients and their significant others. The literature review focussed on the psychosocial experiences of homosexual AIDS patients; their losses, reactions of their significant others; their emotional reactions to medical treatment, and, psychosocial treatment issues and approaches. The case example was a twenty-nine- year old hospitalized homosexual male. Information was received from the patient's befriender, his lover and from the patient himself. The reactions and experiences of this patient were concomitant with many of those discussed in the literature review, namely: The patient suffered major losses: employment, income, house and household possessions as well as social status, with the primary psychosocial effect of loss of independence and control. The patient also experienced some isolation and rejection from some friends, family and hospital staff, and geographical isolation for a period of time from his lover and family. He displayed anger and denial - aspects of his personality which were evident prior to his diagnosis but exacerbated by his illness.
26
Steenveld, Clint Michael. "An interpretive use of drawings to explore the lived experiences of orphaned children living with HIV/AIDS in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004374.
Full textAbstract:
Against the backdrop of the growing problem of AIDS orphans in South Africa and greater sub-Saharan Africa, this qualitative enquiry examines the lives of three South African orphaned children living with HIV / AIDS in a children's home in Cape Town. It aims to generate rich, child-centred descriptions of some of the significant experiences of the children's lives. Drawings, dialogue and narrative were employed to generate the primary data. This was supplemented by collateral interviews and other relevant records, e.g. medical and biographical. Existential-phenomenological theory informed the approach to data collection and analysis. Each child produced a series often to twelve impromptu drawings over a period often weeks. These drawings and transcripts of the children's verbal descriptions of their drawings were extensively analysed. Significant themes for each participant as well as themes common to all three were identified. Some of the central themes emerging include loss, abandonment, death, disease awareness and coping. The children's ability to develop adaptive coping mechanisms and resilience in the face of traumatic loss and terminal illness was a particularly outstanding feature of the findings. Recommendations are made regarding future research to address the lack of qualitative, child-focused investigations as well as appropriate interventions for addressing the psychosocial needs of orphaned children living with HIV/AIDS.
27
Tjiveze, Wakaa. "An investigation of socio-ecological issues and risks and capabilities in the 'my future is my choice' HIV and AIDS programme : a case in northern Namibia." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017769.
Full textAbstract:
The HIV and AIDS crisis can be presented as a socio-ecological issue, with an ever-increasing impact on both human beings and the environment. Teaching about socio-ecological issues and the consideration of individual capabilities has become crucial within HIV and AIDS education programmes. Issues of deforestation, land degradation and other environmental problems have worsened since the advent of HIV and AIDS, especially in developing countries. The My Future is My Choice (MFMC) programme has been identified as an important HIV and AIDS education initiative that caters for young people in Namibian secondary schools (Grades 8-12). One of the themes within the programme (Facing HIV and AIDS) is highlighted in this study. This study was constituted as a case study of one school in rural Omuthiya, in the Oshikoto region. The study investigated the opportunities for the integration of a focus on socio-ecological issues and risks, within the MFMC education programme. The study also investigated the way in which the program develops learners‟ capabilities to respond to HIV and AIDS related socio-ecological issues and risks/vulnerabilities. The study also presents the constraints and enabling factors influencing the implementation of the programme. This study used a qualitative, interpretive case study methodology. The research methods included the analysis of eight documents and nineteen semi-structured interviews, with the Programme Coordinator, the Programme Facilitator, the School Principal and with the programme participants. The analysis also included two focus group discussions with a group of learners; and two classroom observations; and the learners' submissions (reflection sheets). Convenience sampling was used, and ethical issues were taken into consideration throughout the study. The study revealed the following as key findings: The aims and objectives of the HIV and AIDS education programme can enhance and constrain the development of capabilities, as well as opportunities and challenges for the integration of a focus on socio-environmental issues and risks as additional learning content. Teaching and learning methods that are participatory and rooted within the learner centered approach can make the integration of HIV and AIDS inherent socio-environmental issues and risks into the MFMC education programme possible. The values and beliefs inherent within the MFMC education programme stand as opportunities for the successful development of capabilities in the education programme. The study concluded by recommending that capabilities within the MFMC programme be developed through teaching learners about their rights, respect for human dignity, and the right to health and to living the life free from discriminatory practices, as a moral entitlement of each and every individual. While teaching learners about their right to health and the importance of healthy diets, this study found that the programme could include learning about food production and handling practices for the benefit of those living with HIV and AIDS, while caring for the environment. Another recommendation was that future research should consider actively involving young people in decision-making with regard to the programme, as this will allow them to choose and decide on what knowledge and skills they need and want to acquire. The study further explained that this will promote the programme participants‟ sense of agency, and their freedom to choose what they value being and doing as an important element in enhancing learner capabilities. Ultimately, this will also enable the learners to acquire the necessary skills and knowledge they need in order to respond to the socio-ecological problems they face in their communities.
28
Mushonga, Allan. "A sociological analysis of Southern African AIDS Trust's capacity-development model in responding to HIV and AIDS." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013261.
Full textAbstract:
The issues of capacity and capacity development in the response to HIV and AIDS is a topic of intense academic interest and is on the agenda of development practitioners, particularly as these issues are linked to community HIV and AIDS competence and sustainability of civil society organisations and community capacity. The capacity development model of the Southern African AIDS Trust is one of the more illuminating examples of capacity development of civil society organisations for the enhancement of community HIV and AIDS competence in southern Africa. The thesis examines the conceptualisation and implementation of the Southern African AIDS Trust's capacity development model in order to identify and understand the multi-dimensional factors that influence the success and sustainability of HIV and AIDS responses. It argues that, even though the conceptualisation, formulation and implementation of the model were appropriate and yielded acceptable benefits to communities in relation to HIV and AIDS, the sustainability of the model depended fundamentally on the availability of requisite resources. The dependence on external resources, the availability of which is in large part beyond the control of the Southern African AIDS Trust and its community-based beneficiaries, undercuts the sustainability of the model and the programmes delivered through it. Community capacities and community-based HIV and AIDS responses are sustainable only to the extent that communities have sufficient resources to build capacities and develop responses, or can leverage and negotiate external inputs. The degeneration of capacity in intermediary organisations (such as Southern African AIDS Trust) that support community competence undermines models that at first sight seem suitable for effective capacity enhancement with regard to HIV and AIDS programmes. In this regard, the thesis also focuses on the organisational crisis within Southern African AIDS Trust and the ramifications this had for community HIV and AIDS competence.
29
Sendziuk, Paul 1974. "Learning to trust : a history of Australian responses to AIDS." Monash University, School of Historical Studies, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9264.
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30
Washington, Vanessa Marie. "Destigmatisation within the HIV/AIDS pandemic : wowards a pastoral anthropology of embodiment." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4103.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MTh (Practical Theology and Missiology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The focus of the thesis is on the HIV and AIDS-related stigma and stigmatisation of
people who try to live positively with HIV/AIDS within the pandemic. The basic
assumption is that there is interplay between the HIVAIDS-related stigma as a
cultural phenomenon and the negative perception of the human body. Since a
human being is created corporeal and re-created due to the fact that human
embodiment is a fundamental ingredient for the understanding of soul, It is argued
that in a pastoral approach, a person should be understood holistically. Anthropology
within the traditional kerygmatic approach focused mainly on the notion of sin
(corruption totalis) within the theological understanding of God’s judgement
(judgemental attitude). I have proposed that pastoral anthropology should adopt
constructive paradigms and point towards the integration of embodiment
(wholeness) in a realistic approach rather than emphasising the notion of sin and
forms of dualism. The thesis departs from an eschatological and pneumatological
view of the human being, in which the concepts of resurrection and hope are equally
crucial. I further argue that a Christian spiritual perspective on embodiment is
potentially destigmatising itself. In terms of a pastoral hermeneutic I have shown that
in destigmatisation the transformation of the HIV and AIDS-related stigma
corresponds to the transformation of the mindset and paradigm of a person
(habitus). Through the process of destigmatisation people discover meaning and are
enabled to live fully embodied and responsible lives.
The thesis is designed as a literature study based on text analysis and
hermeneutical reflection. Moreover, in order to develop a pastoral anthropological
view, the Scripture is used as a reference point.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die navorsing fokus op die fenomeen van stigmatisiering binne die HIV/AIDS
pandemie. Die kernargument is dat stigmatisering as 'n sosiaal-kulturele konstrukt
binne die netwerk van verhoudinge direk in verband staan met 'n bepaalde
destruktiewe persepsie wat die vraagstuk van liggaamlikheid onmiddellik raak.
Vandaar die verdere fokus op die verband tussen liggaamlikheid en die verstaan
van die menslike siel binne die raamwerk van 'n pastorale antropologie. Die
teologiese invalshoek is die eskatologiese paradigma, die mens as 'n pneumatiese
wese en nuwe skepping. Liggaamlikheid deel gelykoorspronklik aan hierdie nuwe
wees-funksie van die mens sodat verstaan van die mens as „beliggaamde siel“
en „besielde liggaam“ alle vorme van dualisme in teologiese antropologie
teëwerk. Die totale mens is as ‘n beliggaamde mens geskep sodat in pastorale
antropologie die menslike persoon holisties verstaan moet word. Om menswees
bloot vanuit die perspektief van sonde te benader hou nie rekening met die realisme
van die Bybel wat die mens binne die raamwerk van die wysheidsliteratuur sien
vanuit die perspektief van genade en vernuwing. Eensydige fokus op die
paradigma van sonde dra by tot destruktiewe veroordelende houding (judgemental
attitude). Volgens die aard van kruisteologie is die „smet“ en „stigma“ van sonde
daar oorwin. In die lig van die opstandingsperspektief is die „dood van stigma“ totaal
uitgewis. Hierdie opstandingperspektief moet verreken word in teologiese model
wat gerig is op prosesse van destigmatisering binne pastorale hermeneutiek. Die
implikasie hiervan is die transformasie van stigmatisernde paradigmas en die skep
van pastorale houding (habitus) van begrip en medelye.
Deur ‘n dergelike proses van destigmatisasie word mense in die kern van hul weesfunksie
kwalitatief bemagtig ten einde vervulde lewens te kan ly. Die tesis volg
kwalitatiewe benadering. Dit is voorts literêre studie gebaseer op teks-analises,
kritiese reflektering en hermeneutiese metodologie.
31
Oliphant, Mandisa Julenda. "Knowledge of aids in Southern Africa, with special emphasis on South Africa : a critical review." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51809.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: AIDS is a killer disease which is spreading like wildfire in all sectors of the
population of Southern Africa, in spite of AIDS prevention programmes that
are implemented in these communities. Why does this state of affairs exist?
Conflicting views exist about the origin of AIDS and about the knowledge of
different racial groups with regard to the disease. A number of researchers
have argued that knowledge or information dissemination is not a necessary
condition for behavioural change, as is evident from historical efforts to
combat sexually transmitted disease. However, this thesis shows that
knowledge is a variable or component that has frequently been used in almost
all studies done on AIDS in Southern Africa. The present author thus
searches for the rationale for the phenomenon that knowledge of AIDS does
not necessarily result in preventative behavioural change. In this regard the
importance of effective communication strategies and cognisance of the
nature of target groups are highlighted, because negligence regarding these
factors can serve as an impediment to behavioural change. The whole social
fabric of the target community and basic individual needs are important
elements that should also be major considerations before preventative
programmes are implemented.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: VIGS is 'n dodelike siekte wat snel versprei in aile sektore van die bevolking
van Suider- Afrika, ten spyte van VIGS-verkomingsprogramme wat in hierdie
gemeenskappe qermplementeer word, Waarom gebeur dit? Botsende
menings bestaan oor die oorsprong van VIGS en oor die kennis van die
verkillende rassegroepe ten opsigte van die siekte. 'n Aantal navorsers is
van mening dat kennis of informasieverspreiding nie 'n noodsaaklike vereiste
is om gedrag te verander nie, soos blyk uit die geskiedenis van vorige
pogings om seksueel oordraagbare siektes te beveg, In hierdie tesis word
egter ge'illustreer dat kennis 'n veranderlike of komponent is wat dikwels
gebruik is in byna aile vorige studies oor VIGS in Suider-Afrika. Die huidige
skrywer ondersoek dus die rasionaal vir die verskynsel dat kennis van VIGS
nie noodwendig tot voorkomende gedragsverandering lei nie. In hierdie
verband word die belangrikheid van effektiewe kommunikasiestrategiee en
kennis van die aard van die teikengroep beklemtoon, aangesien
verwaarlosing van hierdie faktore as struikelblok in gedragsverandering kan
dien Die totale sosiale struktuur van die teikengemeenskap en basiese
individuele behoeftes is belangrike elemente wat ook in ag geneem moet
word voordat voorkomingsprogramme ge'implemeteer word,
32
Kalla, Coecky Yasmeen. "The impact of HIV/AIDS on service delivery in Polokwane Municipality as an organisation." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/901.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2011<br>The aim of the study was to explore the impact of HIV/AIDS on service delivery in Polokwane Municipality as an organisation and the mechanisms used to implement the HIV/AIDS policies and programmes. The researcher conducted the study in the city of Polokwane under the Capricorn District Municipality in the Limpopo Province. For this study, information was gathered from both municipal employees and managers in Polokwane municipality. The respondents confirmed that the organisation has on HIV/AIDS policy in place and its key provision serves to create a non-discriminatory working environment. They further acknowledged the fact that HIV/AIDS is a concern to the Polokwane municipal workforce and impacts negatively on service delivery that is the reason that led to the establishment of the EAP office. HIV/AIDS is still perceived as a very sensitive issue and employees are not willing to communicate about their status due to fear of being stigmatised. The Municipality should continue facilitation of educational awareness on employee’s health and wellness, and encourage their employees to utilise the office of the employee assistance programmes
33
Roman, Gail Sandra. "An exploration of the stigma experienced by women who are living with HIV/AIDS." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1255_1210750809.
Full textAbstract:
<p>The effects of the spread of HIV/AIDS place a great burden on women and children, who will probably suffer most in terms of social and economic deprivation. Since HIV/AIDS is linked to social taboos such as sexuality, drug use and death, there are enormous levels of ignorance, denial, fear and intolerance in most communities. These prejudices lead to the stigmatisation and discrimination of people who are living with HIV/AIDS. Moreover the illness, as it is sexually transmitted, has been conflated with sexual excess, lack of morals, and those already stigmatised such as sex workers with associated discourses of blame, shame and guilt. Generally, responses to HIV and those living with HIV have served to reflect, legitimise and reproduce broader social inequalities on the basis of sexual orientation, gender, race and class. Stigma is the reason why many people who are living with HIV/AIDS, choose not to disclose their status and seek apposite assistance. This study explored the stigma experienced by a group of women who are living with HIV/AIDS and to develop a deeper understanding of whether these experiences are complicated by social responses.</p>
34
Jones, Lynne. "The impact of HIV/AIDS on children in Swaziland : opportunities for, and constraints on, scaling up interventions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9049bceb-9ae7-48d0-b501-78c9ef45446d.
Full textAbstract:
This research focuses on vulnerable children in Swaziland, the country with the highest level of adult HIV prevalence in the world, where nearly 25 percent of children will be orphaned by 2010. It investigates the experiences of relatively poor urban children growing up in the epidemic and the coping strategies the children and their adult carers adopt. Through the lens of both children and adult carers, it explores the ways sexual knowledge is gained and used by older children in the context of HIV/AIDS as well as the experience of coping with widespread bereavement. In this way, it adds to the literature on childhoods in the 'South' and the increasing recognition of the heterogeneity of children's lived experiences. Rather than being seen as passive, the agency of both vulnerable children and their adult carers emerges as they seek to improve their livelihoods. The way this agency connects with government, NGO and community structures is revealed by showing the opportunities for and constraints on gaining access to education and health-care. The interwoven roles of government, international donors, NGOs and civil society is explored by assessing the relative merits of supporting vulnerable children by either welfare assistance to poor families or new forms of 'community' care structures or institutionalised residential care. The critical importance of relationships and power relations between key actors in different organisations and the effect this has on implementation of interventions for children is discussed as well as the relevance of these findings to vulnerable children in other settings.
35
Ramothibe, J. C. (Joseph Colin). "The demographic and socio-economic impact of HIV/Aids on the Khomas region and the implications for the Windhoek local authority." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50131.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: HIV/AIDS is one of the biggest challenges faced by many countries in this century. The rate
of infection is rapidly increasing and more and more people are getting ill and dying from
AIDS. Of all the people living with AIDS in the world, seven out of ten live in Sub-Saharan
Africa. Namibia is one of the top five most HIV/AIDS affected countries in the world. There
is therefore no question about the urgent need to accelerate actions to reduce prevalence,
expand care and support and extend access to treatment. AIDS is eroding decades of progress
made in extending life expectancy; thus hundreds of adults are dying young or in early middle
age. The national strategic plan (2004) on HIV/AIDS indicated that the average life
expectancy in Namibia is now 42 years, when it could have been 60 without AIDS.
A 2003 study on the impact of HIV/AIDS on Windhoek indicated that the antenatal
HIV/AIDS prevalence rate in Windhoek for 2002 was 27%, while the national prevalence rate
was estimated at 22.3%. The prevalence rate for Windhoek is expected to reach its peak at
38% during 2005.
Even though HIV/AIDS will have a diminishing effect on population growth, Windhoek's
population is expected to continue growing, particular as a result of inward migration, but at a
slower pace.
Similarly, HIV/AIDS will have an abating effect on GDP growth as the virus will mainly
affect the economic active and available labour force of the population and result in increased
labour costs and skilled labour shortages.
The impact on the informal sector is potentially more damaging than on the formal economic
sector, as the majority of micro- enterprises and informal businesses are build around one
individual. As the breadwinner dies, household income and expenditures levels deteriorate
and increase poverty levels, because households within the city are very dependent on family
structures to support their income levels. Informal settlements are also more volatile to HIV
transmission and the majority of HIV infected individuals are likely to be found within these
areas as the populations is poorer, crowded, has fewer social services facilities and is more
likely migratory compared to those in affluent formal settlements. Considering that the incubation period of HIV/AIDS from infection to death takes about ten
years, the real impact of current HIV infections in Windhoek will only be experienced during
2010. Health services will have to attend to a greater demand for curative services as well as
to social care and support programs. Social welfare programmes will need to find ways of
caring for a large population of HIV/AIDS orphans.
Municipalities can playa critically important role in addressing HIV/AIDS at a local level as
they are at the interface of community and government. They are ideally placed to playa coordinating
and facilitating role that is needed to make sure that partnerships are built to bring
prevention and care programmes to every community affected by AIDS. Therefore, in order
to succeed in confronting HIV/AIDS, it is important to work closely with all levels of
government as well as working with local partners in civil society that are fighting HIV/AIDS
at the community level.
By taking action against HIV/AIDS, municipalities are securing the future of their towns and
communities.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: MIV/VIGS is een van die grootste uitdagings wat baie lande hierdie eeu in die gesig staar. Die
koers van infeksie is vinnig aan die toeneem en al hoe meer mense word siek en sterf as
gevolg van VIGS. Van al die mense wat met VIGS lewe in die wêreld, bly sewe uit tien in
sub-Sahara Afrika. Namibië is een van die vyf mees MIV/VIGS geaffekteerde lande in die
wêreld. Derhalwe is daar geen twyfel rakende die noodsaaklikheid om daadwerklike aksies te
bewerkstellig om die voorkoms te verminder, sorg en ondersteuning te verhoog en toegang na
behandeling uit te brei. VIGS vernietig dekades van groei behaal in die verlenging van
lewensverwagting; dus sterf honderde volwassenes vroeg of gedurende hul middeljare. Die
nasionale strategiese plan (2004) rakende MIV/VIGS toon dat die gemiddelde
lewensverwagting in Namibië huidiglik 42 jaar is instede van 60 sonder VIGS.
'n Studie onderneem gedurende 2003, rakende die effek van MIV/VIGS in Windhoek, dui aan
dat die voorgeboorte MIV/VIGS voorkoms koers 27% vir 2002 was, terwyl die nasionale
voorkoms koers slegs 22.3% was. Daar word verwag dat die voorkoms koers vir Windhoek sy
maksimum van 38% sal bereik gedurende 2005.
Alhoewel MIV/VIGS 'n negatiewe effek op bevolkingsgroei groei gaan het, sal Windhoek se
inwoners getalle steeds groei, alhoewel teen 'n stadiger koers, as gevolg van inwaartse
migrasie. Terselfdertyd, gaan MIV/VIGS 'n verminderde effek het op die groei van die Bruto
Binnelandse Produk (BBP), omdat die virus hoofsaaklik die ekonomiese aktiewe en
beskikbare arbeidsmag van die bevolking affekteer wat as gevolg hiervan 'n verhoging in
arbeidskoste en tekort aan geskoolde arbeid het.
Die effek op die informele sektore is potensieel meer skadelik as op die formele ekonomiese
faktore, aangesien die meeste klein en informele besighede rondom een persoon gebou is.
lndien die broodwinner sterf, versleg die vlakke van huishoudelike inkomste en uitgawes wat
lei tot verhoogde armoede, omdat huishoudings in die stad baie afhanklik is op familie
strukture om hulle inkomste te ondersteun. Informele vestigings is meer kwesbaar in die
oordrag van MIV en die meerderheid van die MIV geïnfekteerde individue word gewoonlik in
hierdie areas aangetref omdat die bevolking armer is, meer persone huisves, minder welsyn
dienste fasiliteite het en meer swerwend is in vergelyking met die meer welgestelde formele
vestigings. As in ag geneem word dat die ontkiemings periode van MIV/VIGS vanaf infeksie tot en met
sterfte omtrent tien jaar neem, sal die werklike effek van die huidige VIGS besmettings in
Windhoek slegs ervaar word gedurende 2010. Gesondheidsdienste sal moet aandag skenk
aan 'n groter aanvraag vir geneeslike dienste sowel as sosiale sorg en ondersteunings
programme. Gemeenskaplike welsyn programme sal maniere moet vind om vir 'n groot
populasie van MIV/VIGS weeskinders te sorg.
Munisipaliteite kan 'n belangrike rol speel in die aanspreek van die MIV/VIGS epidemie op 'n
plaaslike vlak omdat hulle die skakel is tussen die gemeenskap en die regering. Hulle is ideaal
geplaas om 'n koordineerende en fasiliterende rol te speel wat nodig is om seker te maak dat
vennootskappe gebou word om voorkomings en versorgings programme te lewer aan elke
gemeenskap wat deur MIV/VIGS geraak word. Dus, om sukses te behaal in die bekamping
van MIV/VIGS , is dit belangrik om nou saam te werk met alle vlakke van die regering sowel
as met plaaslike vennote in die gemeenskap wat MIV/VIGS bekamp op gemeenskapsvlak.
Deur aksie te neem teen MIV/VIGS , kan munisipaliteite die toekoms van hulle dorpe en
gemeenskappe verseker.
36
Kigozi, James Musisi. "Investigating rural Ugandan women's engagement with HIV and AIDS-related programmes on community radio: a case study of Mama FM's Speak out and Listen." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001845.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to investigate how rural Ugandan women engage with discussions of HIV and AIDS on community radio. It explored how this audience may relate such broadcast discussions to their own lived experience of HIV and AIDS. It is explained in the study that, while the Uganda government has an official policy of openly discussing matters of HIV and AIDS, health communication strategies still operate within a context where there is an underlying "culture of silence" that discourages openness about sexual matters. It is also pointed out that there are widespread gender disparities among rural communities, which severely limit women's ability to make use of health communication initiatives aimed at educating them. Against this backdrop, the study sets out to explore audience responses to a particular example of Speak Out and Listen, a weekly programme broadcast on Mama FM, a Kampala-based radio station managed by the Uganda Media Women's Association (UMWA). The study maps out responses to the programme by a particular group of rural women. It is argued that these research participants' comments confirm the importance, noted in literature dealing with health education, of drawing for content on what members of an audience have to say about their own lived context. It is proposed that, despite the existence of a 'culture of silence', the women's comments demonstrate an ability to speak with confidence about their experience of living with HIV and AIDS. Thcy are able, more particularly to discuss the constraints placed by gendered power relations on women's ability to draw on the educational content of programming that targets people living with HIV and AIDS. As such, the comments that such women offer represent a valuable resource for HIV and AIDS related programming. The principal conclusion of the study is that health communication initiatives such as Speak Out and Listen would benefit from facilitating conversations with their target audience about their lived experience of HIV and AIDS, and incorporating such discussion into their programmes
37
Van, der Walt I. C. "The impact of HIV/AIDS on the South African labour market." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51980.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: No disease in modern times has created as much fear and panic as HIV/AIDS -
undoubtedly one of the most formidable public health problems facing South
Africa today. Traditionally, HIV/AIDS has not been regarded as a workplace
issue, except for "high-risk" professions such as surgeons, dentists and
emergency medical technicians.
The stark reality is that HIV/AIDS will have an impact on all sectors of society and
all aspects of human activity throughout South Africa. Because of the nature of
the spread of the disease, it hits predominantly sexually active people. These are
the people that make up the workforce. It can therefore be expected that
HIV/AIDS will impact directly on the patterns of employment in South Africa.
Furthermore, the economic consequences of the epidemic will result in pressures
on the South African economy, which again will influence employment.
Apart from affecting the general population, HIV/AIDS will have a direct impact
on businesses in various areas. HIV/AIDS will also have a significant impact at
community level that will, in turn, impact on businesses. If business in South
Africa is to survive, these impacts have to be managed so that productivity can
be maintained and costs can be contained.
The objective of this study is to explore the impact of HIV/AIDS on employment
by examining the South African labour market. From the study, it is clear that
South Africa is certain to experience severe consequences arising from the
HIV/AIDS epidemic.
Even without taking the immense impact of HIV/AIDS into account, there are
various problems facing the' South African labour market. Specific problems
discussed are unemployment, low productivity and a shortage of skills. These are not the only problems associated with the South African labour market, but the
extent of these problems is further exacerbated by the impact of HIV/AIDS.
All sectors of the society need to be mobilised into action. This action must
encompass both prevention of the spread of the disease, as well as caring for the
sick and dying.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geen ander siekte in die moderne tyd het al soveel vrees en paniek geskep as
MIV/VIGS nie ongetwyfeld een van die mees formidabele
gemeenskapsgesondheidsprobleme wat Suid-Afrika huidiglik in die gesig staar.
Oorspronklik was MIV/VIGS slegs met die werksplek geassosieer in terme van
"hoë-risiko" beroepe soos dokters, tandartse en nood mediese personeel.
Die naakte waarheid is dat MIV/VIGS 'n impak sal hê op alle sektore en aspekte
van die samelewing in Suid-Afrika. As gevolg van die aard van die verspreiding
van die siekte, tref dit hoofsaaklik seksueel aktiewe persone. Hierdie persone is
die lewensaar van die arbeidsmag. Dit kan dus verwag word dat MIV/VIGS 'n
direkte impak op werkverskaffingspatrone in Suid-Afrika sal hê. Die ekonomiese
gevolge van die epidemie sal verdere druk veroorsaak op die Suid-Afrikaanse
ekonomie, wat op sy beurt werkverskaffing sal beïnvloed.
Buiten die impak van MIV/VIGS op die algemene bevolking, sal die siekte ook in
verskeie areas van die besigheidsektor 'n uitwerking hê. Verder sal MIV/VIGS 'n
aansienlike impak op gemeenskapsvlak hê, wat op sy beurt weer 'n uitwerking
sal hê op besighede. As besighede in Suid-Afrika wil oorleef, moet hierdie
aanslae so bestuur word dat produktiwiteit gehandhaaf word en kostes onder
beheer gehou word.
Die oogmerk van hierdie studie is om die impak van MIV/VIGS op
werkverskaffing te ondersoek deur na die Suid-Afrikaanse arbeidsmark te kyk.
Van die studie is dit duidelik dat Suid-Afrika ernstige konsekwensies as gevolg
van die MIV/VIGS epidemie kan verwag.
Selfs sonder om die ontsaglike impak van MIV/VIGS in ag te neem, is daar
verskeie probleme wat die Suid-Afrikaanse arbeidsmark in die gesig staar. Spesifieke probleme wat bespreek word is werkloosheid, lae produktiwiteit en 'n
tekort aan gespesialiseerde vaardighede. Alhoewel hierdie nie die enigste
probleme is wat met die Suid-Afrikaanse arbeidsmark geassosieer word nie,
word die spesifieke probleme vererger deur die impak van MIV/VIGS.
Wat vereis word is dat alle sektore van die samelewing moet oorgaan tot aksie.
Hierdie aksie moet beide die voorkoming van die verspreiding van die siekte,
sowel as die versorging van die siekes en sterwendes omvat.
38
Motseotsile, Baitlhatswi Gaolatlhe. "Reasons for post-conception human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing among pregnant women in Gaborone, Botswana." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12314.
Full textAbstract:
M.Cur. (Midwifery and Neonatal Nursing Care)<br>Free voluntary counselling and testing (VeT) for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) by the international community and many African states is the entry point into HIV and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) prevention, care, treatment and support. It is therefore worrisome that despite the Botswana government' multiple HIV preventative strategies, of the 56% Batswana who tested for HIV in 2008, only 34% know their status (National AIDS Coordinating Agency, Central Statistics Office & Ministry of Health, 2009:4). Among those who were tested, women outnumbered men, but even these women only had their HIV-status tested when they were already pregnant or when one of their children was suspected to have contracted AIDS, an observation that Hamblin and Reid (1991:4) has made years ago. Ethical standards were followed to conduct a study, the purpose of which was to explore and describe the reasons why women in Gaborone only volunteered to go for vcr of HIV when they were already pregnant, instead ofdoing so before they conceived. An exploratory, descriptive, qualitative and contextual design was used. Participants who met the sampling criteria were interviewed and data was audio-taped before transcription and analysis. An independent coder was involved to confirm the themes and sub-themes before relevant literature was searched. Strategies of trustworthiness were adhered to in the study (Lincoln & Guba, 1985:289-331). Findings revealed that the most significant reason for participants not testing for HIV prior to pregnancy was fear of consequences of an HIV-positive result, such as stigma and discrimination against them by their partners, families and communities should they test HIV-positive, Another reason was the socio-cultural beliefs, norms and values expressed in different forms. However, once they fell pregnant, they had themselves tested because their fear of losing their babies to HIV overruled their fear ofbeing ostracised by anybody else. Based on the findings, guidelines were formulated to assist midwives and HIV and AIDS counsellors to facilitate uptake of vcr of HIV prior to pregnancy among childbearing women and men from as young as +-15 years. Conclusions were drawn and recommendations made concerning midwifery practice, education and possible further research on this topic on a larger scale.
39
Masupe, Tiny Kelebogile. "Factors influencing disclosure of HIV status to sexual partners in Botswana." Diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4964.
Full textAbstract:
The study aimed to explore and describe the factors influencing disclosure of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) status to sexual partners by people infected with HIV in Botswana, by undertaking an exploratory and descriptive qualitative study. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with people infected with HIV who had disclosed their HIV status to their partners.
The major findings of the study confirmed disclosure as a multi-stage process. People infected with HIV experienced mainly positive and some negative outcomes following disclosure. Disclosure was associated with the discloser’s motivations, personal and cultural beliefs, risk-benefit assessment, individual circumstances (context), previous experiences, and perceived degree of control over private information.
The communication privacy management (CPM) theory helped explain the findings. The key factor influencing disclosure was protecting others. Non-disclosers had also seriously considered disclosing to partners.<br>Health Studies<br>M.P.H
40
Mgomezulu, Victor Yobe. "Stakeholder involvement in strategic planning: a strategy to mitigate the effects of HIV and AIDS on secondary education in Botswana." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/606.
Full textAbstract:
Stakeholder involvement in strategic planning: a strategy to mitigate the effects of HIV and AIDS on secondary education in Botswana.
This study explores the involvement of stakeholders in strategic planning to mitigate the effect of HIV and AIDS in secondary education in Botswana. The prevalence of HIV and AIDS-related illness and deaths is high in Botswana and affects both teachers and learners. Education provision has been affected through increased mortality and morbidity and increased absenteeism which affect education-related personnel and the demand for education has been reduced due to growing numbers of orphaned and vulnerable children as a consequence of parent/guardian mortality and morbidity related to HIV and AIDS. The problem was investigated by means of a literature review and an empirical inquiry which combined quantitative and qualitative data collection. Based on the findings, in addition to medical and other interventions, an education management approach is required to mitigate the effects of HIV and AIDS on secondary education in Botswana. The strategies of coping, caring and preventing have been effective in this regard. Some internal stakeholders of the Department of Secondary Education (DSE) are not meaningfully involved in strategic planning. Similarly, most of the selected external stakeholders were not involved in the DSE HIV and AIDS strategic plan. Both external and internal stakeholders should be involved at all stages of planning. Furthermore, inducement-contribution exchanges and teacher credibility should be considered in a strategic plan. To improve the current DSE strategic plan, a stakeholder involvement model to involve internal and external stakeholders was designed. Based on this model and the above findings, recommendations for practice and suggestions for future research are made.<br>Educational Studies<br>D.Ed.(Educational Management)
41
Matambo, Stembile. "The effects of antenatal health education on postnatal care among HIV positive women in Francistown City, Botswana." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18658.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of antenatal health education on postnatal care (PNC) among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) positive women in Francistown city, Botswana. This study followed a quantitative research paradigm. Data was collected with the aid of a questionnaire from eligible women who consented in writing to participate in the study.
Forty-five percent (45%) (n=45) HIV positive women came with babies for 6 weeks PNC and 55% (n=55) brought 8 weeks old babies either for weighing or for the two months immunisation from 28 April to 10 June 2014.
The responses regarding the source of health education received were as follows: 40% lay counselors, 31% midwives, 15% doctors, 5% nurses without midwifery, 5% cadre unknown, 2% both lay counselors and midwives, 1% by a health education assistant and 1% was not health educated at all.
Conclusion: The study revealed that HIV positive pregnant women received health education from different cadres of health and mostly by lay counselors. Literature indicates that lay counselors may give health information but at a very superficial level.<br>Health Studies<br>M.A. (Health Studies)
42
Stoltz, Paul Stefanus. "Kultuur, moraliteit en die HI-Virus in die Kgalagadi-gemeente van Botswana in missiologiese perspektief." Diss., 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/16123.
Full textAbstract:
Text in Afrikaans<br>Summaries in Afrikaans and English<br>Hierdie navorsing meen dat die kerk in die verlede te veel klem gele het op negatiewe seksuele praktyke, en verantwoordelike seks nie aan die qeloofsgemeenskap voorgehou is nie. Sodoende het 'n negatiewe mentaliteit in die geloofsgemeenskap ontstaan, wat verder aangewakker is deur verskeie sosio-politieke en ekonomiese faktore. Dit het tot 'n gebroke familielewe, huwelike, immoraliteit en 'n identiteitskrisis gelei, wat uiteindelik saamgewerk het tot die HIV-dilemma. Daar is nie werklik 'n begrip van die sin van bogenoemde elemente in die geloofsgemeenskap nie, en gevolglik konsentreer hierdie navorsing daarop om, met die evangelie as basis op 'n geinkultureerde wyse, bogenoemde kultuurbeskouinge in die Kgalagadi-gemeente te inkultureer. Hierin moet die plaaslike gemeente se koninklike, profetiese en priesterlike funksies gestalte kry in die daarstelling van sisteme, sodat doelgerig tot die bekamping van, pastorale hulp aan, en bystand aan HIV-slagoffers bygedra kan word.<br>The Church has focused too much on the negative aspects of sexuality and not enough on how to have sexual relations in a responsible manner. A negative mentality regarding sexuality, family life and morality had been created in the community, which contributed to the HIV-dilemma. There is no understanding of these aspects in the community. Inculturation of the relevant aspects into the Kgalagadi congregation should be done on the basis of the gospel. In this the local congregation should fulfill its kingly, prophetic and priestly functions by creating relevant systems to help prevent, support and counsel HIV-victims.<br>Missiology<br>M.Th. (Missiology)
43
Jewnarain, D. "Young children's responses to AIDS." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/485.
Full textAbstract:
This study explores the ways in which Grade Two boys and girls (aged 7-9) in a predominantly Black school construct their knowledge of HIV and AIDS. The study also seeks to explore how young children, in giving meaning to HIV and AIDS, position themselves as gendered beings in the context of HIV and AIDS. By focussing on the construction of young children’s identities in response to AIDS, this study demonstrates how children, in responding to AIDS, do gender and sexuality. There is very little work around gender and young children, let alone gender, HIV and AIDS, and sexuality. This is because of the ways in which children are perceived to be nonsexual, degendered and without the capacity to think beyond a certain stage of development (See Bhana, 2006; 2007a; 2007b; 2008; Silin, 1995; MacNaughton, 2000 as exceptions). By drawing upon qualitative and feminist methodological approaches, this study positions young children as having their own identities, as active participants who are capable of making meaning. This study shows that AIDS is embedded within social, economic, cultural, political and ideological contexts and that the ways in which these children give meanings to HIV and AIDS are embedded within these contexts. In responding to AIDS, the children in this study inform us of their relationship to AIDS within social processes including sexuality, gender, race and class, and they show us how these are actively acted upon. This study also shows the children positioning themselves as gendered beings with the capacity to think, feel and enact their sexuality. In doing so, they dispel many notions which position young children as unknowing, asexual beings.<br>Thesis (M.Ed.) - University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2008.
44
"「醫治」和「整全」: 救恩對愛滋病患者的意義". 2005. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5893229.
Full textAbstract:
何燕輝.<br>"2005年5月".<br>論文(神(道)學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2005.<br>參考文獻(leaves 65-70).<br>"2005 nian 5 yue".<br>Abstract also in English.<br>He Yanhui.<br>Lun wen (Shen (dao) xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2005.<br>Can kao wen xian (leaves 65-70).<br>Chapter 第一章 --- 導論 --- p.1<br>Chapter 1.1 --- 硏究動機<br>Chapter 1.2 --- 硏究目的及方法<br>Chapter 1.3 --- 硏究限制<br>Chapter 1.4 --- 致謝<br>Chapter 第二章 --- 愛滋病在世界的情況和教會的迴響 --- p.5<br>Chapter 2.1 --- 早期愛滋病在世界肆虐的情況<br>Chapter 2.2 --- 英國社會對愛滋病的態度<br>Chapter 2.3 --- 美國社會對愛滋病的態度<br>Chapter 2.4 --- 普世合一教會對愛滋病的態度<br>Chapter 2.4.1 --- 對世界各組織的影響<br>Chapter 2.4.2 --- 對信仰作出神學反省<br>Chapter 2.4.3 --- 對世界各宗派和教會的影響<br>Chapter 2.4.5 --- 對各宗派和教會以愛滋病的反省<br>Chapter 2.5 --- 小結<br>Chapter 第三章 --- 愛滋病在香港社會的情況和造成的迴響 --- p.12<br>Chapter 3.1 --- 愛滋病患者的感受<br>Chapter 3.2 --- 愛滋病被標籤<br>Chapter 3.2.1 --- 社會禁忌的產生<br>Chapter 3.3 --- 愛滋病對社會意識文化造成的影響<br>Chapter 3.4 --- 愛滋病對社會制度造成的影響<br>Chapter 3.5 --- 對愛滋病患者個人造成的影響<br>Chapter 3.6 --- 香港教會的態度對愛滋病患者的影響<br>Chapter 3.7 --- 小結<br>Chapter 第四章 --- 社會對愛滋病及病患者的理解和影響 --- p.21<br>Chapter 4.1 --- 愛滋病患者的感受<br>Chapter 4.2 --- 愛滋病被標籤<br>Chapter 4.2.1 --- 社會禁忌的產生<br>Chapter 4.3 --- 愛滋病對社會意識文化造成的影響<br>Chapter 4.4 --- 愛滋病對社會制度造成的影響<br>Chapter 4.5 --- 對愛滋病患者個人造成的影響<br>Chapter 4.6 --- 香港教會的態度對愛滋病患者的影響<br>Chapter 4.7 --- 小結<br>Chapter 第五章 --- 反思救恩的意義與愛滋病患者的關係 --- p.30<br>Chapter 5.1 --- 從「犧牲」和「贖罪」理解「救恩」對個人層面的意義<br>Chapter 5.2 --- 反思「犧牲」和「贖罪」理解的「救恩」與愛滋病患者的處境<br>Chapter 5.3 --- 「經典」救恩觀中「勝利的基督」的意義<br>Chapter 5.4 --- 從「醫治」和「整全」的向度理解「經典」救恩對個人層面的意義<br>Chapter 5.4.1 --- 「醫治」在救恩中對個人層面的意義<br>Chapter 5.4.2 --- 「整全」在救恩中對個人層面的意義<br>Chapter 5.4.3 --- 救恩與上主國來臨的關係<br>Chapter 5.4.4 --- 小結<br>Chapter 5.5 --- 從「醫治」和「整全」理解「經典」救恩對群體層面的意義<br>Chapter 5.6 --- 反思救恩如何回應受訪愛滋病患者的真實需要<br>Chapter 第六章 --- 「醫治」和「整全」的救恩觀與愛滋病患者之關聯 --- p.42<br>Chapter 6.1 --- 帶有「醫治」和「整全」救恩的特性<br>Chapter 6.2 --- 愛滋病患者個的「疾病」<br>Chapter 6.3 --- 從「醫治」和「整全」的救恩去看愛滋病患者個人的「疾病」<br>Chapter 6.3.1 --- 「成爲上主」的意思<br>Chapter 6.3.2 --- 「成爲上主」對愛滋病患者個人的「醫治」<br>Chapter 6.4 --- 社會意識文化的「疾病」<br>Chapter 6.5. --- 從「醫治」和「整全」的救恩去看社會意識文化的「疾病」<br>Chapter 6.6 --- 社會制度的「疾病」<br>Chapter 6.7 --- 從「醫治」和「整全」的救恩去看社會制度的「疾病」<br>Chapter 6.7.1 --- 上主國來臨對更新社會制度的「醫治」<br>Chapter 6.8 --- 從「醫治」和「整全」的救恩看教會的使命<br>Chapter 第七章 --- 總結 --- p.59<br>附件（一）至（四） --- p.60<br>參考書目
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Chademana-Munodawafa, Kudzai E. "An analysis of livelihood strategies of HIV/AIDS affected households receiving support from Catholic Relief Services (CRS) in Chegutu, Zimbabwe." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/951.
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Mabuse, Magdeline. "Challenges of antiretroviral medication adherence in HIV/AIDS-infected women in Botswana." Diss., 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2950.
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This study using a quantitative, descriptive design with a questionnaire investigated cultural, religious and social factors that might impact on ARV treatment in HIV/AIDS-infected women in Botswana. The study found that the majority never missed any doses, a few missed doses once or twice, and a small minority missed more than three times.
The respondents’ perception of cultural influence on treatment of HIV/AIDS in women revealed that the majority (70%) believe culture has an influence on the treatment. Social factors also impacted on ARV adherence. A few of the respondents indicated that side effects and the number of pills prevented ARV medication adherence. The main reason for non-adherence, however, was forgetfulness.
There had been an improvement in the majority of the respondents’ health status and quality of life. Maximizing adherence is essential. Providers and patients both have responsibilities in this regard.<br>Health Studies<br>M.A.(Health Studies)
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"The social construction of AIDS by elite press in Hong Kong." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5887286.
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by Lily Man-ling Mak.<br>Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-71).<br>Abstract --- p.i<br>Acknowledgements --- p.ii<br>Dedication --- p.iii<br>Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1<br>Chapter 2. --- Literature Review --- p.3<br>Chapter 3. --- Research Design --- p.13<br>Chapter 4. --- Conceptualizations & Research Questions --- p.16<br>Chapter 5. --- Findings & Analysis --- p.18<br>Chapter 6. --- Conclusion --- p.64<br>Bibliography --- p.67
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Dikgope, Sebokwane. "Community home based care for people living with HIV-AIDS in the Goodhope sub-district : Botswana : policy planning and implementation." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10403.
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Botswana occupies an unenviable position of having the highest HIV / AIDS
infection rate in the world, and this has generated pressures on health
facilities as they are over stretched beyond their coping capacities to attend
to the ever-increasing numbers of people who are infected. To relieve the
health care system, the Botswana government has adopted the CHBC
programme as an instrument for taking care of the infected and affected
people. The CHBC programme, which is care given to long term and
terminally ill people adopts the approach that, the family and the community
assisted by the health professionals are the primary source of support and
care. CHBC has always been in existence, though it was not given the
attention it deserves until the realities of HIV / AIDS pandemic striked and
doubted the ability of the health facilities to accommodate the ever increasing
HIV / AIDS cases.
CHBC gained more support as a result of the HIV / AIDS pandemic. This is
the case because of the programmes' rationale that, the home is the best place
to care for many of the people with terminal illness. The programme gives
patients chance to be looked after in a familiar environment and by their
relatives.
The aim of this study is to establish the existence of a CHBC Policy in the
Good hope Sub-district in Botswana, and if it exists to find out whether
implementation is congruent to the Policy guidelines, whether its
implementation is done in the most effective way, and if not, to identify
obstacles to effective implementation of the Policy in the Goodhope Subdistrict.
The hypothesis of this study is that, CHBC for people living with
HIV / AIDS is ineffective in the Good hope Sub-district of Botswana because
of shortage of resources, the unexpected (low) support the Programme gets
from the community and the incorrect understanding of HIV / AIDS issues
especially the modes of transmission by the community. The sample used
consisted of 57 research participants (10 HIV / AIDS patients, 10 care-givers,
10 Policy makers, 10 health professionals, 5 traditional doctors, 5 spiritual
healers, 5 village headmen, 1 village chief and 1 NGO representative).
The literate respondents were given structured questionnaires to complete
while those who are illiterate were helped by the researcher to fill in the
questionnaires. The focus group discussion and participant observation
methods of data collection were engaged. The study's findings were that, the
CHBC Policy does exist in the Good hope Sub-district of Botswana. The
study further discovered that, implementation of the Policy is not as effective
as expected, and this has been attributed to the following problems; shortage
of resources (manpower, transport, food etc) and the community's reluctance
to give it support.
The study recommends that, the government should provide resources to
train more professionals who would address the problem of manpower
inadequacies. There is need for communities to be mobilised so that they join
hands in the fight against HIV / AIDS. The Government has to see to it that
enough resources are allocated to the CHBC Programme. There is need for
HIV / AIDS education in order to equip the community with the necessary
information on HIV / AIDS issues. All caregivers need to be given relevant
training on HIV / AIDS issues. Lastly there is need for further research in
this field in order to find better ways of improving CHBC Programme.<br>Thesis (M.A.)-University of Durban-Westville, 2003.
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Torrente, Anna Cecilia. "Riglyne vir die fasilitering van strewe na heelheid van die pasiënt met VIGS deur die verpleegkundige." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9836.
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Govender, Vathanayagi. "The experiences of social workers in the provision of reconstruction services to HIV infected children." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1750.
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Abdool Karim (Daily News, 02 December 2009) aptly states that one of the daunting social development challenges facing our young democracy in South Africa is the HIV and AIDS pandemic which has seriously impacted on the increase of HIV infected children. The study explored the experiences of social workers in the provision of reconstruction services to HIV infected children. This research study used a qualitative descriptive methodology. There were two sample groups: one consisted of five social workers from five institutions and the second consisted of six social workers from two child welfare organizations. Data was collected by means of semi-structured in- depth interviews with the institutional social workers. One focus group was held with child welfare social workers for the purpose of enhancing the reliability, validity and trustworthiness of the study. Globalization has had a substantial impact on social work services which has been further articulated through ‘new managerialism’, whereby welfare states are becoming cost effective businesses (Dominelli, 2002). Both welfare agencies and social workers pursuant to “new managerialism” have to justify their existence on a day to day basis due to the market principles that have been applied to the profession; it has to be ‘economically sound’ to be a social worker and to continue to be employed. The findings show that there were five key themes and various sub-themes that emerged from the in-depth interviews and the focus group interviews that posed as challenges for social workers. The lack of resources, high staff turnover, the recruitment of foster families emerged as factors that contributed to the challenges experienced by both institutional and child welfare social workers. Despite the many constraints placed on social workers several initiatives have been taken by institutional and child welfare social workers in the implementation of various services and programmes provided to families, communities and children infected or affected by the HIV and AIDS pandemic. In the face of “new managerialism” it is recommended that social workers need to accept that structural forces such as the economy, political, poverty and unemployment have a profound impact on organizations therefore it is necessary for social workers to advocate and lobby for adequate resources such as vehicles, access to telephones and computers and regular supervision, in the provision of reconstruction services. Furthermore social workers must have an updated knowledge regarding relevant policies and legislation that impact service delivery. The Department of Social Development should work in collaboration with the Department of Health and Education so that efforts could be made to ensure that HIV infected children continue with schooling, thereby developing them into more independent individuals. Finally an additional subsidy should be provided by the National Department of Social Development to institutions for services to accommodate family and prospective foster parents who stay over at institutions.<br>Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2009.