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Relevant bibliographies by topics / AIDS orphan

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Academic literature on the topic 'AIDS orphan'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "AIDS orphan"

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Zhao, Qi, Hui He, Huang Gu, Junfeng Zhao, Peilian Chi, and Xiaoming Li. "Facial Expression Processing of Children Orphaned by Parental HIV/AIDS: A Cross-Sectional ERP Study with Rapid Serial Visual Presentation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (2021): 9995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18199995.

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Existing behavioral studies have suggested that individuals with early life stress usually show abnormal emotional processing. However, limited event-related brain potentials (ERPs) evidence was available to explore the emotional processes in children orphaned by parental HIV/AIDS (“AIDS orphans”). The current study aims to investigate whether there are behavioral and neurological obstacles in the recognition of emotional faces in AIDS orphans and also to further explore the processing stage at which the difference in facial emotion recognition exists. A total of 81 AIDS orphans and 60 non-orphan children were recruited through the local communities and school systems in Henan, China. Participants completed a computer version of the rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) task while recording ERPs. Behavioral results showed that orphans displayed higher response accuracy and shorter reaction time than the control (ps < 0.05). As for the ERPs analysis, the attenuated amplitude of N170 (i.e., an early component sensitive to facial configuration) was observed in AIDS orphans compared to the non-orphan control with happy and neutral faces; P300 (i.e., an endogenous component for affective valence evaluation in emotional processing) also showed significant differences in parietal lobe between groups, the non-orphan control group produced larger P300 amplitudes than orphans (p < 0.05). The results suggested that compared to the control group, AIDS orphans showed impaired facial emotion recognition ability with reduced brain activation.

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Rivers, Jonathan, John Mason, Eva Silvestre, Stuart Gillespie, Mary Mahy, and Roeland Monasch. "Impact of Orphanhood on Underweight Prevalence in Sub-Saharan Africa." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 29, no. 1 (2008): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482650802900104.

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Background In Africa, approximately 25 million people live with HIV/AIDS and 12 million children are orphaned. Although evidence indicates that orphans risk losing opportunities for adequate education, health care, and future employment, the immediate effects of orphanhood on child nutritional status remain poorly understood. Objective This paper assesses the nutritional impact of orphanhood, with particular emphasis on taking account of various factors potentially confounding or masking these impacts. Methods Child anthropometry and orphan status were examined in 23 Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys and Demographic and Health Surveys throughout sub-Saharan Africa, which were subsequently merged into larger, region-specific datasets (East, West, and Southern Africa). To compare orphans and nonorphans, linear regression and probit models were developed, taking account of orphan status and type, presence of a surviving parent in the household, household structure, child age and sex, urban versus rural residence, and current wealth status. Results Few differences emerged between orphans and nonorphans in controlled and uncontrolled comparisons, regardless of orphan type, presence of surviving parent, or household structure. Age differentials did confound nutritional comparisons, although in the counterintuitive direction, with orphans (who were 8 months older on average) becoming less malnourished when age differences were taken into account. Wealth did appear to be associated with orphanhood status, although it did not significantly confound nutritional comparisons. Conclusions Orphans were not consistently more malnourished than nonorphans, even when potential confounding variables were examined. Since household wealth status is likely to change after becoming affected by HIV, ruling out wealth as a potential confounder would require more detailed, prospective studies.

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Boadu, Selina, Annabella Osei-Tutu, and Joseph Osafo. "The Emotional experiences of children living in orphanages in Ghana." Journal of Children's Services 15, no. 1 (2020): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcs-10-2018-0027.

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Purpose This study aims to explore the emotional experiences of children in selected orphanages. Design/methodology/approach The study was executed in three orphanages in Accra, Tema and Aburi through the use of semi-structured interviews and observations. Findings In total, 15 respondents reported some emotional experiences such as loneliness, entrapment, deprivation, rejection and helplessness. Originality/value The number of children living in orphanages has increased in recent times. Previous studies have examined psychological risk and protective factors among children orphaned as a result of HIV/AIDS and also compared orphan children to non-orphans. Notwithstanding this, little is known about the emotional experiences of children living in orphanages in Ghana.

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Ostergard, Robert L., and Emma Guest. "Children of AIDS: Africa's Orphan Crisis." African Studies Review 46, no. 2 (2003): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1514841.

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Gerhart, Gail M., and Emma Guest. "Children of AIDS: Africa's Orphan Crisis." Foreign Affairs 81, no. 3 (2002): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20033223.

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Dahl, Bianca. "“Too Fat to Be an Orphan”: The Moral Semiotics of Food Aid in Botswana." Cultural Anthropology 29, no. 4 (2014): 626–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14506/ca29.4.03.

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The iconography of the African AIDS orphan, captured in National Geographic–style images of half-starved toddlers with distended bellies, inspires humanitarian aid for the continent. In Botswana, stereotypes underlying both foreign-funded and governmental programs for orphaned children—which imply that orphans are underfed and underloved—initially resonated with Tswana people’s anxieties that neglect by overburdened kin results in parentless children going hungry. However, during the past decade international feeding projects began to evolve into elaborate day-care complexes in which village orphans gained exclusive access to swimming pools, DVDs, trendy clothing, and daily meat rations. This article traces the shifting moral semiotics of orphans’ fat and skinny bodies, explaining why new discourses protesting the overfattening of orphans arose in a southeastern village. Metaphors of fat and feeding have become a scale on which the excesses of humanitarian aid and the perceived shortcomings of local kinship practices are weighed. A new kind of “politics of the belly” calls into question relations of patronage around metaphors of fleshiness and dependence on foreign support. In the process, contestations over children’s skinny and fat bodies lead to reconfigurations of the idea of orphanhood.

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Ivinson, Adrian J. "The death of just another AIDS orphan?" Nature Medicine 7, no. 7 (2001): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/89836.

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King, S. "Book: Children of AIDS: Africa's Orphan Crisis." BMJ 324, no. 7331 (2002): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.324.7331.245.

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Davis, Stuart. "The time of the (orphan) child: Viewing Carla Simón’s Estiu 1993/Summer 1993 (2017) with Carlos Saura’s Cría cuervos/Raise Ravens (1976)." Studies in Spanish & Latin-American Cinemas 17, no. 1 (2020): 117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/slac_00014_1.

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The archetype of the orphan has a long history in the western cultural imaginary. In need of culturally and politically legitimized familial structures to ensure the child’s moral and physical needs are met, substitute parental figures loom large in narratives of orphanhood where the (anti-)hero comes good. This article will consider the presentation of female orphans in two films: Carla Simón’s Catalan film Estiu 1993/Summer 1993 (Simón, 2017) presents the story of Frida, who has just lost her parents to AIDS and is relocated to her aunt and uncle’s rural family home, while Saura’s celebrated Cría cuervos/Raise Ravens (Saura, 1976) focuses on Ana, one of three sisters recently orphaned and now under the care of their aunt in late-Francoist Madrid. The article will examine the similarities between the two films’ thematic and formal approaches to the subject matter, attending to their respective socio-historical contexts.

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MAGADI, MONICA A., and JOSEPH UCHUDI. "ONSET OF SEXUAL ACTIVITY AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN HIV/AIDS-AFFECTED HOUSEHOLDS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA." Journal of Biosocial Science 47, no. 2 (2014): 238–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932014000200.

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SummaryThis paper examines the effect of orphanhood and HIV status of adults in a household on onset of sexual activity among adolescent girls and boys aged 15–17 years in sub-Saharan Africa. Multilevel logistic regression models were applied to pooled Demographic and Health Surveys data from nineteen countries of sub-Saharan Africa where HIV test data were collected during 2003–2008 from nationally representative samples of men and women of reproductive age. The results highlight increased vulnerability among adolescent boys and girls living in households where an adult is infected with HIV, and adolescent boys who are paternal orphans. On average, adolescent boys and girls living in households where at least one adult is HIV-positive have about 25% higher odds of having initiated sexual activity compared with their counterparts of similar characteristics in households where no adult is HIV-positive. Furthermore, adolescent boys who are paternal orphans have about 25% higher odds of having initiated sexual activity than their non-orphan counterparts of similar individual characteristics. Further analysis reveals that household circumstances relating to living arrangements and poverty are important pathways through which household HIV/AIDS status is linked to adolescent sexual debut. The findings underscore the importance of international efforts in the sub-Saharan Africa region to address the plight of other children in HIV/AIDS-affected households, beyond orphans.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "AIDS orphan"

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Aubourg, Diana 1975. "Expanding the first line of defense : AIDS, orphans and community-centered orphan-care institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa : cases from Zambia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/63222.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2002.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-69).<br>This thesis is about expanding the "first line of defense" for children and families affected by AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. The overwhelming consensus among actors leading the fight against AIDS, ranging from USAID and UNICEF to local NGOs, is that extended families and communities are the "first line of defense" and will absorb the millions of children orphaned by AIDS. With this basic premise, the thinking follows that 1) families are almost always the best place for the child; 2) primary interventions should be centered on building the capacities of families to care for orphans and; 3) residential orphan care is the least desirable option for children because "orphan care institutions" are inherently "anti-community". I challenge this prevailing wisdom. I argue that this donor-driven approach, loosely termed "community based orphan care", is limited by, among other things, AIDS induced pressures on families and growing numbers of children disconnected from families (e.g. street children). Additionally, the approach imposes a false dichotomy between "the community" and "orphan care institutions". Drawing from case studies of three residential institutions caring for orphans and street children in Zambia, I deconstruct the common perceptions of orphan-care institutions. In particular, I challenge the characterization that they are isolated and disconnected from communities. My findings reveal a more complicated picture in which a subset of orphan care institutions share objectives and practices with the prevailing donor model of community-based orphan care - such as mobilizing local volunteers to care for orphans. I describe this neglected subset as "community-centered orphan care institutions" and explore the various ways in which they are embedded in and support communities. I assert that as the AIDS epidemic expands and the orphan crisis worsens, community-centered orphan care institutions must serve as key actors in expanding the first line of defense.<br>by Diana Aubourg.<br>M.C.P.

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Asiamah, Selloane J. "HIV/AIDS, Orphan-hood and school attendance in the free state province, South Africa." The Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1406030922.

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Akimanimpaye, Furaha. "Developing strategies to improve support for grandparents caring for aids orphans in the western cape." University of Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8312.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD<br>Literature evidence on challenges facing the grandparents caring for AIDS orphaned children has shown inaccessibility to health care services, inability to afford basic needs, absence of social security provisions (with the exception of the pension scheme) and lack of attention from the government and Non-Government Organizations (NGOs). In South Africa, there is insufficient documented evidence of available sustainable approaches to supporting grandparents caring for AIDS orphans in all health dimensions. This study aimed to develop strategies to improve support for grandparents caring for AIDS orphans in the Western Cape Province of South Africa.

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Gibson, Christine Concetta. "Neoliberalism and Dependence: A Case Study of The Orphan Care Crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003248.

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Matshalaga, Neddy Rita. "Social dynamics of orphan care in the era of the HIV/AIDS pandemic An insight of grandmothers' experiences in Zimbabwe." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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Hirasawa, Hanna. "Conditions of life for child-headed households : an explorative interview study from South Africa." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Social Work, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6722.

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<p>The objective of the study was to explore the conditions of every day life of child-headed households in South Africa. Following research questions were developed:</p><p>• How do South African children who are the head of the household perceive his or her life situation and the role as the household-head?</p><p>• How are the relations with siblings and other relatives?</p><p>• What kind of support do they need?</p><p>In order to fulfil the objective an interview study with the design as a case study was con-ducted. Seven children and young adults who had been heading household since under the age of 18 were found to be interviewed about their conditions of life. The result is presented as six case studies and is then discussed in the light of earlier knowledge on the subject as well as focusing on unique and mutual experienced of the informants. The results strongly support results in earlier research on life conditions for Child-headed households (CHH). Children living in CHHs face immense challenges and difficulties in their every day life and the sup-port given is not enough. Conclusions that are made include that improving assistance must be offered both in the dimensions of prevention of children living alone and immediate support to children already living in CHHs.</p>

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Cluver, Lucie D. "Risk and protective factors for the psychological well-being of children orphaned by AIDS in Cape Town, South Africa." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e61eaced-8d9f-4828-a2e5-dfaece0946c8.

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Background: Orphanhood is a major consequence of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa. There is little evidence concerning psychological problems for AIDS-orphaned children. This thesis explores the relationship between orphanhood status and mental health. It also examines mediating influences of environmental risk and protective factors, and interactions between factors, on children’s psychological problems. Methods: 1200 isiXhosa-speaking children were interviewed, using standardised questionnaires, in deprived urban settlements of Cape Town. A qualitative stage with 60 AIDS-orphaned children, 42 caregivers and 20 professionals explored participant perceptions of risk and protective factors. A quantitative stage compared 1025 AIDS-orphaned children to control groups of other-orphans and non-orphans. Data were analysed with t-tests, chi-sq, anovas, regression and log-linear analyses. The study took place in collaboration with Cape Town Child Welfare. Results: AIDS-orphaned children reported more depression (p<.001), peer relationship problems (p<.001), post-traumatic stress (p<.001), suicidal ideation (p<.05), delinquency (p<.001) and conduct problems (p<.001) than other-orphans and non-orphans. Anxiety showed no differences. Compared to Western norms, AIDS-orphaned children showed higher levels of internalising problems and delinquency, but lower levels of conduct problems. These differences remained when controlling for socio-demographic factors. A number of factors strongly mediated the relationship between AIDS-orphanhood and mental health. These include poverty-related factors (food, education and social security, p<.001). caregiving-related factors (caregiver illness, p<.001, excessive housework p<.001, being a streetchild, p<.001) and AIDS-related stigma (p<.001). Cumulative effects were also found. Food insecurity and AIDS-related stigma interacted to raise likelihood of disorder from 19% to 83%, and orphanhood status and bullying interacted to raise likelihood from 12% to 76%. Conclusions: This thesis shows clear evidence of heightened psychological problems amongst AIDS-orphaned children. It also indicates mediating factors and points to areas of possible intervention. The South African Ministry of Social Development plans to scale up the study to a national survey of AIDS-orphanhood.

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Mataka, Anafi. "Perceptions of factors contributing to psychological distress in HIV positive children on antiretroviral therapy in Mochudi, Botswana : a family caregiver and health care worker analysis." University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5301.

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Master of Public Health - MPH<br>Background: The repercussions of being HIV positive coupled by the complications of antiretroviral therapy are likely to cause distress, emotional and psychological problems particularly among children infected by the virus. The limited support services for children experiencing distress intensify the urgency to address this challenge. Despite the availability of social workers and nurses' interventions currently in place, the number of children in need of psychological care continues to increase. This is particularly true at Deborah Retief Memorial (DRM) hospital, one of the main antiretroviral therapy facilities in Kgatleng district, Botswana. Method: The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the perceptions of social workers, nurses and caregivers on key factors contributing to psychological distress of HIV positive children. A descriptive, exploratory qualitative study design that employed the use of in-depth interviews was used to conduct this study. Participants included four caregivers of HIV positive children who seek antiretroviral therapy at DRM hospital Infectious Diseases Control Clinic, together with five nurses and two social workers who worked in the same clinic. Conventional content analysis was used to analyse the in-depth interview transcripts. Results: Perceived psychological stressors for HIV positive children included disclosure of HIV status, orphanhood, social problems, lifelong treatment, stigma, poor caregiver-child relationship and lack of caregiver‟s love, care and support. However the caregivers did not fully understand the psychological distress the HIV positive children were experiencing, hence were unable to recognize it in these children. The study highlighted that major challenges faced by the health-workers included lack of qualified personnel, lack of adequate knowledge and skills, and a non-conducive working environment required to effectively assist children with psychological distress. The findings also indicated the need for education and support of caregivers and HIV positive children by the educators, family and health-worker systems. Conclusion: The profile of key stressors of psychological distress, the challenges and support needs suggested by the participants in this study can provide a framework for improving the existing services for HIV positive children with psychosocial problems. This information is important for use in training nurses and social workers involved with children with psychological behaviours.

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Van, der Westhuizen Julita Elizabeth. "A social group work programme with adolescent orphans in foster care affected by HIV and AIDS : North West Province / van der Westhuizen J.E." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7308.

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The objective of this study is to explore the impact of a social group work programme in the lives of adolescent orphans in foster care in the North–West province who are also affected by HIV and AIDS, and to enhance their social functioning. Keywords: Adolescent, foster care, foster parent, social work, social group work, empower, family, orphan, HIV and AIDS There are a growing number of children in need of care in South Africa who are placed with foster parents. The biggest reason for foster placement is due to the rising mortality rate of biological parents due to HIV and AIDS. Section A refers to the problem statement, research objectives, research procedures and research methodology. The limitations of the research are also investigated and the definitions of key words. The research was conducted in two phases. The needs assessment was conducted in phase one and the planning, implementation, and evaluation of the social group work programme in phase two. The problem statement in section A is based upon the following: It was found that insufficient research is being conducted on the problems and circumstances of adolescent orphans in South Africa. It is evident that the physical and emotional needs of adolescent orphans are not being fulfilled. The HIV and AIDS pandemic have a negative effect on the quality of daily life for orphans under foster care. The problem statement gave rise to five research aims. The overarching research design conformed to the Development and Utilization Research model. The model was divided into five phases that guided the research. The single–system design was used to gather quantitative and qualitative data. A literature study was conducted around the themes of foster care, foster parents, social group work, and circumstances of the foster care situation. Section B consists of the four articles that form the report on the research outcomes Each article is dealt with as a self–contained unit focusing on specific research objectives that were achieved via specific research methods. These methods were employed to collect the necessary data for the design and evaluation of the social group work programme. Article 1: The circumstances and needs of the adolescent orphan in foster care. The aim of this article is to identify the circumstances and needs through a self–designed and structured schedule. Thirty adolescent orphans in foster care from the researcher's case load were identified to take part in the research. Twenty adolescent orphans were selected by means of accidental sampling. Ten (N = 10) were selected for the experimental group and ten (N = 10) were selected for the control group. The results indicated the problems and needs experienced by adolescent orphans. These could be used for discussion during a social group work programme designed to provide knowledge, teach skills, and improve the social functioning of the group. Article 2: The role of the social worker during service delivery to adolescent orphans in foster care. The nature and extent of foster care in the North–West province was investigated by means of the completion of questionnaires. The role of the social worker regarding services to adolescent orphans in foster care was also investigated. A self–structured questionnaire was used for data collection purposes and 85 questionnaires were sent to social workers in the North–West province. The results show the state of existing programmes and the opinions of social workers on topics that could be included in a social group work programme. The data was used in Article 2. Article 3: A social work intervention programme for adolescent orphans in foster care. The programme was developed according to the data received from the 30 (N=30) adolescent orphans in foster care and the 85 (N=85) social workers in the North–West province. The programme was presented to 30 (N=30) adolescent orphans in foster care. Social group work was used as method to present the programme. The group gained knowledge and received skills training, both of which served to enhance their social functioning. Article 4: The evaluation of a social group work programme for adolescent orphans in foster care The purpose of this article is to evaluate the social group work programme. Three standardized measuring instruments were used. The Generalized Contentment Scale, the Index of Family Relations, and the Personal Self–esteem Profile were used. These instruments were used three times: once before intervention, once during intervention and once after intervention. The control group 10 (N=10) also completed the questionnaire three times but did not attend the social group. A self–developed questionnaire was completed before and after each session. A self–developed evaluation was completed after the final session to assess the effectiveness of the programme. Section C - Summary, conclusions and recommendations. Section D - contains the appendices with the results of the three standardized measuring instruments that were used for data collection. Section E - Contains the Bibliography.<br>Thesis (Ph.D. (Social Work))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

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Iwuagwu, Stella C. "Sexual and Reproductive Decisions and Experiences of Women Living With HIV/AIDS in Abuja, Nigeria." Available to subscribers only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1879009251&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Books on the topic "AIDS orphan"

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Hvaal, Morten. Orphan voices: Alene med AIDS. The International Museum of Children's Art, 2001.

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Guest, Emma. Children of AIDS: Africa's orphan crisis. Pluto Press, 2001.

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Ediawe, Mary Ann. The ugly fate of an orphan. El 'Demak Publishers, 2007.

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Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. Children on the brink 2002: A joint report on orphan estimates and program strategies. Synergy Project, 2002.

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HIV/AIDS, Joint United Nations Programme on. Children on the brink 2002: A joint report on orphan estimates and program strategies. Synergy Project, 2002.

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Society, Lesotho Red Cross, and International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, eds. Smiling once more: The Lesotho Red Cross Society's Integrated Community Home Based Orphan Care Project (ICHBOC). Lesotho Red Cross Society, 2006.

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Chakanyuka, Kennedy. Farm Orphan Support Trust of Zimbabwe: An analysis of the provision for very young children (0-8 years) affected by HIV and AIDS in commercial farm worker and former farm worker communities. Tallymark Ltd., 2004.

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Mukoyogo, M. Christian. AIDS orphans: Acommunity perspective from Tanzania. Published by ActionAid in association with AMREF and World in Need, 1991.

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Namibia. National policy on orphans and vulnerable children. Republic of Namibia, Ministry of Women Affairs and Child Welfare, 2004.

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Art in a Box, Inc. Painting our lives: Art by children affected by AIDS, children with AIDS, and AIDS orphans in Cambodia. Heron-on-Hudson Press, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "AIDS orphan"

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Kang, Ezer, and Cabrina Kang. "Orphans." In Mental Health Practitioner's Guide to HIV/AIDS. Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5283-6_64.

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Nejmeh, Brian A., and Tyler Dean. "The CHARMS Application Suite: A Community-Based Mobile Data Collection and Alerting Environment for HIV/AIDS Orphan and Vulnerable Children in Zambia." In Service-Learning in the Computer and Information Sciences. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118319130.ch19.

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Barnett, Tony, and Alan Whiteside. "Dependants: Orphans and the Elderly." In AIDS in the Twenty-First Century. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230599208_8.

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Amde, Woldekidan, and Getnet Tadele. "Care and Support for AIDS Orphans." In Vulnerabilities, Impacts, and Responses to HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137009951_9.

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Pietschmann, Elena. "Fragmentation’s Losers: Who Are the Aid Orphans?" In The Fragmentation of Aid. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55357-7_6.

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Allison, Susannah. "The Role of Families Among Orphans and Vulnerable Children in Confronting HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa." In Family and HIV/AIDS. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0439-2_8.

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Boler, Tania. "5. The gendered impact of AIDS on orphans and education in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." In Gender Equality HIV, and AIDS. Oxfam Publishing, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9780855987480.005.

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Ferguson, Kim T., and Melody J. Lee. "Cognitive, Motor, and Behavioral Development of Orphans of HIV/AIDS in Institutional Contexts." In Neuropsychology of Children in Africa. Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6834-9_4.

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Skovdal, Morten, Catherine Campbell, Zivai Mupambireyi, Laura Robertson, Constance Nyamukapa, and Simon Gregson. "Unpacking ‘OVC’: Locally Perceived Differences Between Orphaned, HIV-Positive and AIDS-Affected Children in Zimbabwe." In Children and Young People Living with HIV/AIDS. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29936-5_2.

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Müller, Tanja R. "Beyond the livelihood framework: aspirations and well-being in encounters with aids orphans in Mozambique." In The arena of everyday life. Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-775-2_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "AIDS orphan"

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FARAH, MARGARET. "THE IMPACT ON AFRICAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF ORPHANS BY AIDS IN AFRICA: A CASE STUDY OF UGANDA." In International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies 25th Session. World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812797001_0076.

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Cun Xiaohong and Wang Lixin. "Notice of Retraction: Minority areas in Yunnan Province Longchuan children orphaned by AIDS experience of discrimination." In 2011 International Conference on Electronics and Optoelectronics (ICEOE 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceoe.2011.6013393.

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Thornley, David John, Kareena McCrindle, Stephen Rayner, Jonathan Sharpe, Czeslaw Pienkowski, and Carl Phillips. "The Application of Additional, Off-Line, Analysis Techniques to PCM Monitor Results to Aid the Efficient and Cost Effective Repackaging of Legacy PCM Wastes Containing Calcium and Potentially Plutonium Fluoride." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16034.

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There are a small number of legacy, orphan waste, PCM (Plutonium Contaminated Material) drums at Sellafield Site containing calcium metal potentially contaminated by plutonium (Pu), some of which may be in the form of plutonium fluoride (PuF4). These drums were measured on a TRU-D® PCM Drum Monitor to give a Nuclear Safety value for the Pu mass based on Neutron Coincidence Counting (NCC) and the Pu isotopic composition measured for each drum using a germanium detector based High Resolution Gamma Spectrometry system. In some circumstances the presence of Pu in the form of PuF4 can cause a significant overestimate of the measured Pu mass. This is as a result of alphas emitted by the spontaneous decay of Pu isotopes interacting with light elements such as fluorine, resulting in the emission of “random” (alpha, n) neutrons. The potential overestimate may be very large for total neutron counting based systems if the presence of PuF4 is not accounted for in the system calibration. However, significant quantities of PuF4 may also result in overestimates for NCC systems due to potentially large statistical uncertainties in the measurement results caused by accidental coincidences involving the random (alpha, n) neutrons. Therefore in some circumstances, less pessimistic measurements may be obtained from the total neutron count, corrected using the measured “PuF4 ratio”. Standard TRU-D® Drum Monitor measurements of the calcium containing drums were carried out by plant operators. Relevant data was then downloaded from the plant instrument allowing additional off-line techniques to be applied to the high resolution gamma spectra associated with each drum. These spectra are routinely generated as part of the standard TRU-D® PCM Drum Monitor measurement. This analysis was based on the patented PuF4 analysis technique developed by VT Nuclear Services personnel to determine the mass ratio of Pu in the form of PuF4 to total Pu mass using the PuF4 reaction gammas and standard Pu gammas observed in the gamma spectrum. This additional, off-line analysis reduces the potential overestimate in the Pu Nuclear Safety Mass associated with each drum aiding the repackaging of the legacy material into Bull Pit cans. Following this, similar measurements and off-line analysis was carried out for the filled Bull Pit cans using a TRU-D® PCM Piece Monitor set up and commissioned specifically for this task. The further analysis results allowed the Bull Pit cans to be efficiently and cost effectively packed in 200 litre drums. The resulting new 200 litre drums were then measured using a standard, routinely operated TRU-D® PCM Drum Monitor for final sentencing (again taking into account off-line PuF4 analysis) to allow safe and secure storage. This paper describes the work carried out and the additional off-line PuF4 analysis techniques and how they have been applied within the exacting demands of Nuclear Safety in support of legacy material treatment and ultimate safe storage.

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Reports on the topic "AIDS orphan"

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Schenk, Katie, Annie Michaelis, Tobey Nelson, Lisanne Brown, and Ellen Weiss. Looking back, moving forward: Improving the lives of orphans and other children affected by AIDS, Horizons studies 1998 to 2007. Population Council, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv10.1011.

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Clarke, Alison, Sherry Hutchinson, and Ellen Weiss. Psychosocial support for children. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv14.1003.

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Masiye Camp in Matopos National Park, and Kids’ Clubs in downtown Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, are examples of a growing number of programs in Africa and elsewhere that focus on the psychological and social needs of AIDS-affected children. Given the traumatic effects of grief, loss, and other hardships faced by these children, there is increasing recognition of the importance of programs to help them strengthen their social and emotional support systems. This Horizons Report describes findings from operations research in Zimbabwe and Rwanda that examines the psychosocial well-being of orphans and vulnerable children and ways to increase their ability to adapt and cope in the face of adversity. In these studies, a person’s psychosocial well-being refers to his/her emotional and mental state and his/her network of human relationships and connections. A total of 1,258 youth were interviewed. All were deemed vulnerable by their communities because they had been affected by HIV/AIDS and/or other factors such as severe poverty.

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Challenges faced by households in caring for orphans and vulnerable children. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv15.1005.

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South Africa has seen a rapid increase in HIV prevalence among the general population over the past ten years, from less than 1 percent in 1990 to 20 percent in 2001. As the HIV/AIDS epidemic increases, so do the number of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC). In 2002, an estimated five million people were living with HIV/AIDS. Because of the average 10-year period between infection and death, even if HIV prevalence declined rapidly, South Africa would still experience an increasing orphan burden for many years to come. By 2010, 16 percent of all children in South Africa will be orphans with more than 70 percent due to AIDS. The Nelson Mandela Children’s Fund initiated the Goelama Project, which uses a community mobilization strategy to catalyze action by local organizations and government bodies to prevent HIV infection and mitigate the socioeconomic impacts of the disease, particularly as they affect OVC. This brief highlights key findings from a study of 29,000 members of nearly 5,000 households in eight study sites to identify ways that government and communities can strengthen the socioeconomic capacity of households to care for and support OVC.

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Vulnerability and intervention opportunities: Research findings on youth and HIV/AIDS in South Africa. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv15.1006.

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The Nelson Mandela Children’s Fund (NMCF) seeks comprehensive local solutions to address the negative effects of HIV/AIDS on children, adolescents, households, and communities. To this end, NMCF initiated the Goelama Project, which uses a community mobilization strategy to catalyze action by local organizations and government bodies to prevent HIV infection and mitigate the socioeconomic impacts of the disease, particularly as they affect orphans and vulnerable children (OVC). This brief highlights key findings from an assessment of reproductive and sexual health knowledge and behaviors among nearly 5,000 youth from eight districts in three provinces in South Africa where the Goelama Project is active: Mpumalanga, Limpopo, and KwaZulu Natal. This research is part of a larger study of 29,000 members of nearly 5,000 households that seeks to identify ways that government and communities can strengthen the socioeconomic capacity of households to care for and support OVC. The youth component focuses on the sexual and reproductive behaviors of young people in the Goelama intervention areas and factors that may influence these behaviors, such as schooling, orphanhood, knowledge, and involvement in community activities.

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Child marriage briefing: Zambia. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy19.1005.

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This brief provides an overview of child marriage as well as the particulars of child marriage in Zambia. This landlocked southern African nation is home to 10.9 million people, with 47 percent of its population under age 15. Zambia is one of the poorest countries in the world; nearly two out of three Zambians live on less than US$1 a day. The country’s economic growth was hindered by declining copper prices and a prolonged drought in the 1980s and 1990s. More recently, the AIDS epidemic has taken a devastating toll: 920,000 adults and children are living with HIV/AIDS, and 630,000 children have been orphaned because of the disease. Child marriage is widespread in Zambia, even though the legal age of marriage is 21 for both males and females. Customary law and practice discriminate against girls and women with respect to inheritance, property, and divorce rights. Domestic violence is a serious problem, with over half of married girls reporting ever experiencing physical violence and more than a third reporting abuse in the past year. Included in this brief are recommendations to promote later, chosen, and legal marriage.

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Child marriage briefing: Mozambique. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy19.1003.

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This brief provides an overview of child marriage as well as the particulars of child marriage in Mozambique. Mozambique, in southeastern Africa, is home to 17.5 million people, with 45 percent of its population under age 15. More than three-quarters of Mozambicans live on less than US$2 a day. The HIV/AIDS epidemic has had a devastating effect on the country; approximately 1.3 million adults and children are living with HIV, and 470,000 children have been orphaned because of AIDS. Life expectancy has fallen to 34 years, among the lowest levels in the world. Mozambique has one of the most severe crises of child marriage in the world today. Several local women’s rights groups have begun speaking out about this issue and were instrumental in ensuring the passage of the recent Family Law, which raises the minimum age of marriage for girls from 14 to 18, allows women to inherit property in the case of divorce, and legally recognizes traditional marriages. However, little capacity exists to implement the law. Included in this brief are recommendations to promote later, chosen, and legal marriage.

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