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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'AIESEC'
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Andersson, Malin, and Sara Granberg. "Kunskapsöverföring och avbrutet ledarskap i AIESEC." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8812.
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Kunskapsöverföring har länge skett bland hantverkare och familjeföretagare, till lärlingar eller yngre generationer. Det är först på senare tid det finns ett begrepp för aktiviteten och en större medvetenhet bland företagsledare. (Hansen et al 1999:106) Syftet med denna uppsats är att få en djupare förståelse för begreppet kunskapsöverföring samt inringa faktorer som påverkar kunskapsöverföring mellan individer. Dessutom vill vi undersöka hur avbrutet ledarskap påverkar en organisations utveckling. Genom en kvalitativ fallstudie har vi intervjuat de fyra senaste ordförandena för studentorganisationen AIESEC Uppsala samt studerat material från samma organisation angående kunskapsöverföring.
Vid en diskussion kring kunskapsöverföring funderade en av respondenterna kring hur varje ledare vill påverka organisationen, samtidigt som det är viktigt för denna ledare att förstå sin del i sammanhanget. För oss är kunskapsöverföring som en karta till kunskapen. En karta fyller en funktion att beskriva i ett förenklat och förminskat format. Överföringen, om allt togs med, skulle kräva att mottagaren själv var med i alla situationer. Istället blir kunskapsöverföringen en beskrivning av vad som hänt och en sammanfattning av vilka lärdomar som dragits.
Vi ser en möjlig konflikt mellan organisationsutveckling och personlig utveckling. Om syftet är att medlemmar finns i organisationen för att utveckla den kan det kollidera med dessa medlemmars eget syfte att utveckla sig själva. Detta verkar dock inte vara ett problem i AIESEC Uppsala: Utvecklas du personligen har organisationen också utvecklats.
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Krotký, Vojtěch. "Procesní analýza studentské organizace AIESEC Praha." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-192364.
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This thesis is focused on solving specific problems in NGO organization AIESEC Praha, caused by big fluctuation, by process analysis and process management implementation. The aim of this paper is provide theoretical introduction to process management and its associated areas. In the beginning of practical part organization is introduced, also with its culture and legal environment that affects its main processes. Following strategic analysis is base for identification of single processes in the organization. Process analysis itself takes major part of thesis and involves described several driving processes through the organization. At the end the knowledge database Tiki is introduced with final conclusions and evaluation.
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Angelovič, Juraj. "Nástroje strategického riadenia v AIESEC Praha." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-192803.
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The aim of my thesis is to critically evaluate the set of management tools used in the student organization AIESEC Praha. The issues discussed are the organization's mission and strategic management, especially using the system of Balanced Scorecard. Furthermore, terms of critical success factors and key performance indicators are defined and are being investigated in various stages of development of the strategic map of Balanced Scorecard of AIESEC Praha, with emphasis on their annual change, consistency and coherence with other instruments of the organization, its internal development and the development of the external environment. In conclusion I describe a draft of qualitatively better system of management tools of AIESEC Praha with regard to described objectives. Emphasis is also placed on the conditions of usage of the system of management tools and the factors that influence its further development.
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Sochor, Ondřej. "Key Account Management v mezinárodní organizaci AIESEC." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10376.
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The thesis compounds three views on the Key Account Management (KAM). Firstly, KAM is defined from a theoretical perspective. Secondly, a practical example of KAM is described within the international organization AIESEC; including feedback from a client. Finally, there are suggestions in order to improve KAM in terms of soft skills of Account Managers.
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Lačevová, Aneta. "Analysis of the Internet Marketing Strategy of AIESEC." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-192886.
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The Master's thesis focuses on analysing the data about the customers of the student organisation AIESEC collected between 2012 and 2014. The results show the various customer segments defined by university, faculty and year of study from which AIESEC gets its applicants, the successfulness in finding an internship of students from these segments, proportions of different programmes (and sub-programmes) that students apply for, most desired countries as internship destinations, most effective communication channels and the average time periods between the process parts of application, raise, match and realization. Based on the results and insights from theory which discusses the use of Internet in communication with youth, the author suggests specific improvements for AIESEC to acquire more customers. These suggestions focus on increasing the return on investment of the organisation by increasing the quality of the applications, but equally focus on increasing the quantity of new customers acquired and increasing the efficiency of the AIESEC process.
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Silva, Patrícia Kunrath. "Vestindo a camiseta : engajamento institucional e construção de identidades no contexto de intercâmbios culturais da AIESEC." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/71960.
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No contexto de um mundo dito “globalizado”, de um mercado de trabalho competitivo e flexibilizado, programas de intercâmbio cultural parecem ganhar força enquanto produtos e estratégias de classe para a obtenção de capital simbólico e distinção. É neste cenário que surge a AIESEC - uma organização não governamental internacional, presente em mais de 111 países e territórios - que se apresenta como “plataforma para construção e desenvolvimento de lideranças” por meio do trabalho voluntário e intercâmbios de trabalho - pautados pelo discurso da “sustentabilidade, paz mundial e impacto positivo na sociedade”. Essa pesquisa tem como objetivo principal analisar o discurso e práticas organizacionais, voltadas ao engajamento institucional e seus reflexos na construção de identidades e estilos de vida. O presente estudo, de cunho etnográfico, busca analisar processos de “consumo institucional” por parte dos membros da organização, atentando para processos de identificação e compra da mesma, passando pela sua (re)apropriação e atribuição de significado. A pesquisa tem por fundamento dados levantados por meio do trabalho de campo com os membros da AIESEC do seu escritório na cidade de Porto Alegre. Procurou-se mapear e analisar o conteúdo da comunicação, os valores institucionais e as práticas às quais estes jovens são submetidos antes do período de intercâmbio, bem como depoimentos antes e após a experiência. Visto que um dos objetivos principais da organização é “desenvolver futuros líderes”, buscamos entender quem são estes jovens, como são selecionados para entrar na organização, como se engajam e percebem questões de “liderança” e que “líderes” são esses que estão sendo formados por meio de uma “rede internacional”.In the context of a so called “globalized” world, of a competitive and flexibilized job market, cultural exchange programs seem to gain strenght as products and class strategies for achieving simbolic capital and distinction. It is in this scenery that AIESEC appears - an international non-governmental organization, located in more than 111 countries and tetritories - which presents itself as a “plataform for leadership construction and development” through volunteer work and exchange work programs – based on the discourse of “sustainability, world peace and positive impact on society”. This research has as its main focus to analise organizational practices and discourses, oriented to institutional engagement and its reflexes on identities and lyfestyles. The present study, with its ethnographich character, seeks analyzing the processes of “institutional consumption” by the members of the organization, paying attention to the processes of identification with and purchase of it, through its (re)apropriation and meaning assigning. The reaserch has as its fundament the data collected through fieldwork with the members of AIESEC’s office located in Porto Alegre, Brasil. We sought maping and analysing the institutional communication content, its values and the practices which the members are submitted to before going on an exchange program, as well as the interviews before and after this experience. Seen that one of the main goals of the organization is to “develop future leaders”, we sought understanding who are these “young people”, how they are selected to enter the organization, how they engage and perceive matters of “leadership” and what king of “leaders” are being formed through an “international network”.
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Gajdošová, Martina. "Posouzení informačního systému organizace AIESEC Slovensko a návrh změn." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-224617.
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This diploma thesis deals with the information system in organization AIESEC Slovakia. Through appropriate methods and analysis, the current state of the IS will be assessed. Based on results of these analyzes, there will be proposed changes that will lead ultimately to higher efficiency of the organization and improvement of quality of services provided.
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Kutáková, Petra. "Problematika prodeje produktů AIESEC na českém a zahraničním trhu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-4603.
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Focusing on the current reality in Czech Republic and Hong Kong, the paper deals with the process of business negotiation and other topics concerning products offered by international student organization AIESEC, offering a comparison of the given markets. AIESEC is presented in the introduction to the thesis, giving a general overview as well as a deeper insight into the Czech and Hong Kong reality in the area of services provided by AIESEC to their corporate partners. A characteristic of Hong Kong follows, describing the geographic, political, economic and cultural specifics of the territory. The focal point of the paper is the analysis of the selling process of AIESEC products, showing the specific characteristics of business negotiation in Hong Kong. The main aspects of the analysis are preparation for a business appointment, usage of presentation materials, participants and place of the appointment, the respective phases of the selling process as well as strategic and tactical issues. In the concluding part of the paper a comparison of the two given countries is drawn, in terms of the sales procedures while offering the specific AIESEC products. A quantitative overview is included, as well as an estimation of the market potential for selling international internships in the respective countries. Furthermore, customer relationship management and cultural specifics are discussed. A SWOT analysis follows, presenting the abovementioned learnings in a structured way.
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Samek, Michal. "Systém hodnocení členů a jejich pracovních výkonů v AIESEC Praha." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-145.
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V této diplomové práci jsem nejdříve nastínil pojetí a význam postavení hodnocení pracovníků v systému řízení lidských zdrojů. Dále jsem popsal cíle a přínosy hodnocení v organizaci. Zabýval jsem se také předpoklady úspěšného využití výsledků hodnocení v praxi, resp. chybami, kterých je třeba se vyvarovat. V následující analytické části této práce jsem na základě empirického výzkumu navrhl systém hodnocení členů, což bylo cílem této diplomové práce. Při tvorbě systému jsem vycházel z teoretických poznatků, které jsem čerpal z příslušné odborné literatury, ale také z konkrétních požadavků na tento systém, stanovených při konzultacích s prezidenty AIESEC Praha a dále získaných v empirickém výzkumu od výkonného výboru místní pobočky, vedoucích týmů, členů a dále při praktickém testování jednotlivých součástí systému hodnocení. Navrhl jsem především metodu hodnocení, hodnotící formuláře a další podpůrné dokumenty, jejichž strukturu jsem detailně popsal. Vymezil jsem smysl zavedení nového systému, kdo bude hodnotitelem, na koho se bude hodnocení vztahovat, periodicitu, fáze hodnocení a využití výsledků hodnocení. Celý návrh systému lze považovat za okamžitě využitelný v personálním řízení AIESEC Praha, ale současně též otevřený k dalším úpravám, které si vyžádá praktické využívání v realitě organizace.
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Bachmann, Michel. "Entwicklung eines integrierten Human Resource Management Konzepts für AIESEC in Switzerland." St. Gallen, 2005. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/01648344001/$FILE/01648344001.pdf.
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Hamid, Khasrow Pero, and Emelie Gustafsson. "Praktisk ledarskapserfarenhet - ändrar det prioriteringen av ledarskapsfärdigheter? : En fallstudie av studentorganisationen AIESEC." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Business Studies, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2120.
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Enligt rapporten "Akademi eller Verklighet?" skriven av Svenskt Näringsliv saknar många akademiker en god kontakt med arbetslivet under sina studier. Rapporten poängterar att svenska universitets och högskolors samverkan med arbetslivet är bristande och är i behov av förbättring. Detta då bristande arbetslivskontakt under studier kan resultera i att akademiker inte anses vara lika attraktiva på arbetsmarknaden som de akademiker som anser sig ha haft god kontakt med arbetslivet under sina studier.
Att akademiker som upplevt en god samverkan under sina studier gör dem mer eftertraktade på arbetsmarknaden tyder på att en positiv förändring sker hos en person som har upplevt en god kontakt med arbetslivet och fått praktisk erfarenhet i ett yrke.
Denna uppsats ämnar analysera huruvida en förändring sker i studenters prioritering av ledarskapsfärdigheter efter att praktiskt fått utöva ledarskap i form av en yrkespraktik. Uppsatsen har vidare som ansats att analysera huruvida de eventuellt ändrade prioriteringarna kan härledas till specifika situationer som upplevts under praktikperioden.
Uppsatsen utgår från ett hermeneutiskt synsätt och är en fallstudie då uppsatsen har som avsikt att djupgående beskriva och analysera det generella undersökningsproblemet genom att kvalitativt studera studentorganisationen AIESEC. Detta genom att sex intervjuer med studenter som alla besitter ledarskapspositioner, i form av en yrkespraktik, inom organisationen genomfördes. Undersökningen har även en kvantitativ ansats då en enkätundersökning bland studenter som saknar erfarenhet inom ledarskap genomförts för att kunna jämföra prioriteringen av ledarskapsfärdigheter hos studenter som saknar och studenter som praktiskt utövar ledarskap i form av en yrkespraktik.
För att kunna analysera data erhållen genom undersökningen samt kunna besvara undersökningsfrågan valdes teorier inom området lärande genom erfarenhet samt en modell angående ledarskapsfärdigheter. David Kolbs teori
Experiential Learning och teorin Action-Observation-Reflection Model är två teorier som författarna av denna uppsats har utgått ifrån för att bättre kunna förklara den eventuella förändringen och härledningen av denna. Teorierna användes även när enkäten och intervjuguiden konstruerades. Vidare användes även ett antal ledarskapsfärdigheter som Hughes, Ginnett och Curphy beskriver i boken Leadership – Enhancing the Lesson of Experience som stöd för undersökningen.
Efter att undersökningens insamlade data analyserats kunde det tydas att en förändring i prioriteringen av ledarskapsfärdigheter tycks ske då en yrkespraktik inom ledarskap genomgås. Undersökningen tyder på att de studenter som saknar praktisk erfarenhet inom ledarskap prioriterar färdigheten lyhördhet högt medan de studenter som praktiskt utövar ledarskap i form av en yrkespraktik istället tycks prioritera färdigheten motivation. Trots att även likheter i prioriteringen av ledarskapsfärdigheter påträffades mellan studenter som saknar och studenter som praktiskt utövar ledarskap i form av en yrkespraktik tyder bland annat härledningen av prioriteringen av ledarskapsfärdigheter som studenter som praktiskt utövar ledarskap gör att deras prioritering har påverkats av erfarenheten som yrkespraktiken erbjudit. Undersökningen visade att studenters prioritering av ledarskapsfärdigheter tycks kunna härledas till situationer som upplevts eller upplevs i deras ledarskapsposition inom AIESEC samt till tidigare ledares bristande respektive lyckade ledarskap.
According to the report "Akademi eller Verklighet?" written by the Confederation of Swedish Enterprise do many academics lack good contact with the working life during their studies which has resulted in the problem of academics not being desired by employers. The fact that academics that have had a good contact with the working life during their studies are more desired by employers than those academics who did not consider themselves to have a good contact with the working life during their studies shows that a positive change seems to occur when someone undergoes a practical experience within a profession.
This Bachelor thesis has the purpose to analyze whether a change occur in students prioritization of leadership skills due to a practical experience of leadership in terms of an internship. The thesis aims further to analyze whether one can derive the possible change in students prioritization of leadership skills to situations experienced during the internship in the field of leadership.
The thesis proceeds from a hermeneutic view and is a qualitative case study since the thesis has the purpose to analyze and describe the research question by studying the student organization AIESEC. The research consists of one questionnaire study among students that lack practical experience in the field of leadership and six interviews with students that practice leadership within the student organization AIESEC. This enables a comparison between the prioritization of students that lack ctical experience of leadership and students that practice leadership in terms of an internship.
The theories Experiential learning and Action-Observation-Reflection Model and a model regarding leadership skills were used when the questionnaire and the interview guide were constructed and when the information received from the research were analyzed. The theories where also used when the research question was answered.
After the information received from the research had been analyzed one could interpret that a change in the prioritization of leadership skills seems to occur due to an internship in the field of leadership. One could also interpret from the study that the prioritization of leadership skills derives from situations experienced during the practical experience of leadership and also from previous leaders lacking or successful leadership.
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Esteves, Cláudia Sofia da Graça. "O voluntariado e os objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável : análise de uma experiência na cidade do México." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/18065.
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Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Cooperação InternacionalO voluntariado é um fenómeno global, comum a todas as sociedades, que existe desde que o ser humano se começou a organizar em sociedade. Embora se reconheça que os seus objetivos e princípios tenham uma base essencialmente altruísta, muitas vezes, a motivação por detrás de um projeto de voluntariado é efetivamente egoísta. No decorrer desta investigação, analisamos a evolução do voluntariado, nomeadamente o seu conceito, objetivo, financiamento e motivação. Procuramos entender quais as principais motivações que levam um indivíduo a realizar um projeto de voluntariado, e quais os principais problemas associados a esta atividade. Por meio de um estudo de caso realizado na Cidade do México, entenderemos que um projeto de voluntariado internacional, particularmente de curto prazo e se associado a organizações de recrutamento, tem várias desvantagens e riscos a ter em conta, permitindo combater a visão romântica e a ingenuidade inerente ao voluntariado internacional.
Volunteering is a global phenomenon, common to all societies, which has existed since mankind began to organize itself in a society. While recognizing that it?s goals and principles are largely altruistic, the motivation behind a volunteer project is often selfish. In the course of this research, we analyze the evolution of volunteering, namely its concept, goal, financing and motivation. We try to understand the main motivations that lead an individual to carry out a volunteer project, and what are the main problems associated with this activity. Through a case study carried out in Mexico City, we will understand that an international volunteer project, particularly if it is short term and associated with recruitment organizations, has several disadvantages and risks to take into account, allowing to combat the romantic vision and the ingenuity inherent in international volunteering.
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Tynkkynen, M. (Minni). "”For me the most valuable thing was the culture shock...”:AIESEC Oulun ulkomaisten vapaaehtoisten minäpystyvyys ja maailmankansalaisuus 2010-luvun vapaaehtoistyöprojekteissa." Bachelor's thesis, University of Oulu, 2019. http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfioulu-201910313047.
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Tiivistelmä. Olen kandidaatintutkielmassani tarkastellut kvalitatiivisesti kansainvälisen, nuorisojohtoisen AIESEC-järjestön kolmen aikaisemman ulkomaisen vapaaehtoisen kokemuksia. Vapaaehtoistyöprojektit sijoittuivat Oulun paikallistoimikuntaan Suomessa, ja ne tapahtuivat 2010-luvun aikana.
Tutkimukseni tavoitteena oli selvittää mahdolliset positiiviset vaikutukset, jotka projektiin osallistumisella oli vapaaehtoisiin. Minua kiinnosti erityisesti se, miten vapaaehtoisten henkilökohtainen käsitys niin omasta minäpystyvyydestä, kuin maailmankansalaisuudestakin oli projektin myötä muotoutunut. Materiaali kerättiin teettämällä jokaisen kohdalla puolistrukturoitu ja temaattinen haastattelu, jonka jälkeen aineisto litteroitiin ja analysoitiin läpikotaisesti. Hyödynsin vapaaehtoisturismiin pohjautuvaa kirjallisuutta laajasti, josta esimerkkeinä toimivat Lyonsin ja muiden (2012) sekä Tornbergin (2016) teokset. Pyrin myös heijastelemaan yleisesti ilmiötä itse keräämääni aineistoon.
Tuloksena väittäisin, että kokemuksella tosiaan oli vaikutusta vapaaehtoisten näkemyksiin ja siihen, miten he käsittävät oman asemansa kansainvälisesti. Niin AIESEC Oulun ja muiden osapuolten tarjoaman tuen, alustavan kulttuurishokin, kuin muut ulkoiset ja sisäiset, päivittäisten rutiinien mukanaan tuomat haasteetkin läpikäytyään, kaikki vapaaehtoiset ilmaisivat mietiskelleensä itselleen tärkeitä ja hyödyllisiä asioita uudessa valossa — ja kokeneensa jopa asenteen muutoksia — pohjautuen vapaaehtoistyökokemukseensa AIESEC:n kautta.Abstract. In my Bachelor’s thesis, I have investigated in a qualitative manner the personal experiences of three previous foreign volunteers of an international youth-led organization AIESEC. The volunteer projects took place by the local committee of Oulu, Finland during the 2010s.
The aim of this research was to reveal the possible contribution that the participation to these projects had on the volunteers, considering the formation of personal sense of both self-efficacy and world citizenship, and how that is being demonstrated today, according to their own wording. The data was collected through running half-structured, thematic interviews with the candidates, and later they were transcribed and analyzed thoroughly. I utilized the literature on volunteer tourism extensively, the work of Lyons et al. (2012) and Tornberg (2016) as examples and aimed for reflecting the general phenomenon and concepts in relation to the interview output received.
The results suggest that the experience did indeed have an impact on the perceptions of the volunteers and how they understand themselves on the global scale. On account of the well-established support provided by AIESEC Oulu and other parties involved, and having gone through the initial culture shock and other inner and outer challenges of the daily routine, the volunteers all expressed to have had important and beneficial reflections — even changes of attitude — based on their involvement in volunteer experience through AIESEC.
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Lazarte, Fabián Janeth. "Comunicación publicitaria y relaciones públicas en organizaciones sin fines de lucro: campaña de voluntariado internacional “Agentes Globales” de AIESEC Perú." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/10460.
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Examina la campaña de comunicación para voluntariado de Agentes Globales de AIESEC Perú, a través de las estrategias de comunicación publicitaria y relaciones públicas aplicadas en la organización sin fines de lucro durante julio del 2012 a junio del 2013. Se repasa fundamentos teóricos sobre comunicación publicitaria, relaciones públicas y la comunicación en las organizaciones sin fines de lucro. Asimismo, se describe el proceso de diseño, ejecución y evaluación de la campaña de comunicación. Con la sistematización de la experiencia se espera brindar reflexiones a aquellos comunicadores y profesionales vinculados con organizaciones no gubernamentales, colectivos u otras causas sociales que tengan como público objetivo a los jóvenes.Trabajo de suficiencia profesional
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Crousillat, Gil Solange. "El liderazgo se puede medir : desarrollo y construcción de validación sobre medición de componentes de liderazgo como valor social, caso AIESEC Perú." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/8537.
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La presente investigación nace de la necesidad de un estudio que brinde información
específica y validada para obtener una clara medición sobre el liderazgo, sus componentes y cómo
estos se comportan en el programa Ciudadano Global de AIESEC, entidad juvenil internacional
cuya propuesta de valor reside en acrecentar el potencial de liderazgo de los jóvenes a través de éste y otros programas.
Por ende, la presente tesis tiene como objetivo identificar y analizar cuáles son los
componentes u habilidades desarrolladas que hacen a un líder; en este caso, en el programa
Ciudadano Global. Con ello, además se busca levantar un modelo que sea aplicable para esta
organización, y replicable hacia otras organizaciones que deseen medir este rubro. Para ello, la
metodología que se utiliza para alcanzar estos resultados es el análisis factorial, cuya propiedad
central es caracterizar los resultados de forma cuantitativa y confirmatoria además de procurar un
modelo ajustado gracias a la propiedad de rotación de sus componentes, permitiendo así explicar los
resultados no sólo de forma válida y veraz, sino mediante un modelo eficiente para el uso de la
organización.
El levantamiento de información fue realizado mediante la aplicación de una encuesta de
carácter cuantitativo en donde se adapta un modelo de medición de habilidades blandas que
componen el liderazgo gracias a una tesis doctoral (Kabtrowitz, 2005; Ortiz, 2007; Tsugue, 2014;
Retrolaza, 2010), con la finalidad de cruzar ello con las directrices y el modelo preliminar esbozado por AIESEC y comprobar qué componentes de liderazgo se estaban desarrollando en la propuesta del programa. Luego, se realizó un análisis de estadística descriptiva, para observar características generales por cada componente. Para triangular ello, se realizó también un Focus Group a los participantes de este programa.
Como resultado de esta investigación, se obtiene el modelo, en donde ciertos componentes
han sido modificados, pues surgieron nuevas agrupaciones entre los factores que tienen mayor
poder explicativo. Además, se proponen algunas recomendaciones en programas educativos para
hacer de la propuesta de Ciudadano Global una propuesta sistematizada que permita escalar el
programa y garantizar su propuesta de valor como un eje dentro de su marco de gestión.Tesis
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Petrauskaite, Gabriele. "What’s mine is yours, or is it? Knowledge sharing in voluntary project-based organizations : The case of AIESEC – the largest international student-run organization." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet (USBE), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-51970.
Full textAbstract:
In knowledge economy, organizational knowledge is considered to be a critical strategic resource which may help the organization to achieve competitive advantage; therefore, knowledge sharing, as one of the knowledge management processes, attracts the attention of both researchers and practitioners. Knowledge sharing may bring many benefits such as personal development for the employees and knowledge accumulation for the organization. However, at the same time it is very challenging because employees may be very mobile, too occupied to engage in knowledge sharing, or just unwilling to share their valuable knowledge. Nevertheless, although many organizations have started to invest heavily in various knowledge sharing mechanisms, quite often these processes are not effective because various organizational and individual factors impede the usage of those mechanisms. This study seeks to increase the understanding of how and which of such factors affect knowledge sharing in voluntary project-based organizations. Ten in-depth interviews have been conducted with the project managers in AIESEC, the largest international student organization, in order to find out what KS mechanisms they use, and what enables or hinders KS in this organization. It was found that in this organization KS takes place at all organizational levels, and the most popular KS mechanisms are documents and social interaction. Various documents include planning and tracking tools, proposals for sponsors, budget spread-sheets, feedback forms from participants and companies, and reports about functional areas. Social interaction comprises individual and group meetings, including trainings, coaching or mentoring, conversations over the phone and software Skype, discussions in conferences and communication in social groups online. So there is a balance between the KS mechanisms used to personalize and codify knowledge. However, the individualized KS mechanisms dominate on the individualization- institutionalization dimension. Also AIESEC members share all types of knowledge: tacit and explicit, individual and collective. Factors affecting KS can be categorized in 5 groups: Organizational context, Interpersonal and Team characteristics, Cultural characteristics, Individual characteristics, and Motivational factors. As KS in AIESEC takes place quite intensively, not surprisingly more KS facilitators were identified. The most significant ones in each group are as follows: the organizational culture and structure; diversity and strong social ties; willingness to help, and structure and exactness; self-efficiency and personal characteristics such as talkativeness, open-mindedness, empathy, motivation, responsibility and ambitiousness; perceived personal benefits, interpersonal trust, and organizational commitment. The few factors identified that might impede KS in AIESEC are the lack of time, lack of KS regulation and some negative cultural attitudes.
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Rioja, Curo Walter Miguel. "Aplicación web para la elaboración de perfiles de consumidor basada en minería de datos y arquitectura cloud para el apoyo al proceso de conversión de leads en la asociación AIESEC en Perú." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12423/2721.
Full textAbstract:
La conversión de leads resulta vital en el cumplimiento de metas de organizaciones dedicadas a la difusión de productos a través del marketing digital. AIESEC en Perú es un ejemplo de las dificultades que puede afrontar una asociación para obtener consumidores finales. Debido a esta problemática se inicia una investigación tecnológico aplicada a nivel preexperimental con el objetivo de apoyar dicho proceso a través de una aplicación basada en la segmentación de perfiles de consumidor mediante técnicas de minería de datos. De este modo se facilita el lead nurtuting y la toma de decisiones al mostrar reportes detallados para proponer productos a la medida. El software planteado como producto acreditable ha sido desarrollado siguiendo una hibridación entre las metodologías CRISP-DM y RUP y una arquitectura cloud computing. Para evaluar el impacto de la herramienta se ha considerado la validación de expertos, usuarios y consumidores respecto a los beneficios obtenidos por la aplicación, concluyendo en una reducción al mínimo del tiempo de respuesta a leads, incremento de la calidad de información presentada a los miembros asociados de la organización y clientes en un 81% y 85%, respectivamente; así como la verificación de la calidad de software, siendo esta un 94%. Esta investigación representa un ejemplo del impacto generado por herramientas de inteligencia de negocios en empresas con recursos financieros limitados, otorgándoles una ventaja competitiva y facilitando el logro de los objetivos organizacionales.
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Le, Thi Thu Hang. "Type VI secretion system effectors." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0044/document.
Full textAbstract:
Mon travail a porté sur la caractérisation des effecteurs toxiques et protéines d’immunité du T6SS Sci-1 d’Escherichia coli Entero-agrégatif, éléments de la lutte inter-bactérienne. Nous avons identifié en outre Tle1, un effecteur de toxine codé par ce groupe et montré que Tle1 possède des activités de phospholipase A1 et A2 requises pour détruire la cellule proie dans la compétition interbactérienne. L'auto-protection de la cellule attaquante est assurée par une lipoprotéine de membrane externe, Tli1, qui lie Tle1 dans un rapport stoechiométrique 1: 1 avec une affinité nanomolaire et inhibe son activité phospholipase. Il a été prédit que la protéine 435 provenant à partir d'un groupe de gènes T6SS1 de l'agent pathogène AIEC LF82 est une phospholipase de la famille d'effecteurs Tle3 avec une activité PLA1. Sa toxicité peut être neutralisée par la protéine d'immunité cognate 434 qui est un Tli3 putatif, en formant le complexe de protéine Tle3 - Tli3. Les deux protéines séparées et leur complexe ont ensuite été appelées protéines complexes Tle3AIEC, Tli3AIEC et Tle3AIEC - Tli3AIEC, respectivement. Afin d'étudier plus en détail le mécanisme de Tle3-AIEC et de Tli3-AIEC, nous avons réalisé l'expression, la purification, la caractérisation, la cristallisation des deux protéines et des études cristallographiques de rayons X préliminaires du complexe Tle3-AIEC/Tli3-AIEC afin de comprendre comment la protéine Tle3-AIEC reconnaît et se lie à son effecteur apparenté Tli3-AIEC et inhibe son activité. Les données préliminaires de diffraction des rayons X ont été recueillies à partir de cristaux Tle3AIEC-SeMet/Tli3AIEC à une résolution de 3,8 ÅHere, we analyzed the Entero-aggregative Escherichia coli Sci-1 T6SS toxin effectors. We identified Tle1, a toxin effector encoded by this cluster and show that Tle1 possesses phospholipase A1 and A2 activities required for the inter-bacterial competition. Self-protection of the attacker cell is secured by an outer membrane lipoprotein, Tli1, which binds Tle1 in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio with nanomolar affinity, and inhibits its phospholipase activity.The protein 435 from the pathogen AIEC LF82 has been predicted to be a phospholipase of the Tle3 effector family with PLA1 activity from a T6SS1 gene cluster. Its toxicity can be neutralized by the cognate immunity protein 434 that is a putative Tli3, by forming Tle3 - Tli3 protein complex. The two separated proteins and their complex were then called Tle3AIEC, Tli3AIEC and Tle3AIEC - Tli3AIEC complex proteins, respectively. In order to further investigate the related mechanism of Tle3AIEC and Tli3AIEC, we performed expression, purification, characterization, crystallization of the two proteins and preliminary X-ray crystallographic studies of the Tle3AIEC - Tli3AIEC complex in order to understand how Tle3AIEC protein recognizes and binds to its cognate Tli3AIEC effector and inhibits its activity. X-ray diffraction data were collected from selenomethionine-derivatize Tle3AIEC SeMet - Tli3AIEC crystals to a resolution of 3.8 Å
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Rahmouni, Oumaïra. "Portage fécal du pathovar Escherichia coli adhérent et invasif (AIEC) chez des patients atteints de maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l’intestin et des témoins sains." Thesis, Lille 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2S012/document.
Full textAbstract:
L’étiologie exacte des maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l’intestin (MICI) reste actuellement méconnue. Mais un déséquilibre de la flore bactérienne, plus connu sous le nom de dysbiose et se traduisant par une augmentation de bactéries potentiellement pathogènes versus une diminution de bactéries bénéfiques, est démontré en permanence. De précédentes études ont permis de mettre en évidence la présence de souches pathogènes d’E. coli chez les patients atteints de la maladie de Crohn (MC). Ces souches appartiennent au pathovar Adherent Invasive E. coli (AIEC) et sont caractérisées par leur capacité à adhérer et à envahir les cellules épithéliales intestinales, à survivre et à se multiplier dans les macrophages en induisant une synthèse intense de TNF. La mise en évidence de ce pathovar a essentiellement été réalisée sur des biopsies de patients présentant une MC. Et bien que les mécanismes de pathogénicité et de virulence de la souche AIEC soient clairement déterminés, il n’existe pas d’études approfondies sur la prévalence des AIEC au niveau des matières fécales chez les patients atteints de MICI en comparaison à des individus sains. Ainsi, ce projet de thèse s’inscrit dans une meilleure compréhension de l’implication de ce pathovar AIEC dans les MICI au niveau luminal. Cette thèse cible différents points: prévalence et détection des AIEC, leur proportion relative par rapport à la flore E. coli totale, leur capacité d'invasion, leur phylogroupe ainsi que leur transmissibilité. A l’issue de ce travail, nous montrons que les AIEC sont retrouvés au niveau luminal chez les patients atteints de la MC mais également chez les patients présentant une rectocolite hémorragique, avec une détection des AIEC chez 33% et 2% respectivement. En outre, ces études ont permis de montrer une prévalence plus forte de ce pathovar dans les matières fécales d’individus sains (51%) en comparaison aux patients atteints de MICI. Et lorsque les AIEC sont présents, que ce soit chez les patients atteints de MICI et chez les témoins, ils représentent en moyenne 20 à 30% de la flore E. coli. Nous avons également pu montrer qu’il n’existe pas de différences significatives des scores d’invasion des isolats AIEC chez les patients atteints de MICI et chez les sujets sains. Certaines souches d’AIEC, isolées chez les patients atteints de MC et chez les sujets sains, ont été caractérisées génétiquement par la technique d’électrophorèse sur gel en champ pulsé. Sur ces souches, différents profils génétiques ont été obtenus attestant de la forte variabilité intra- et interindivuelle des AIEC. En conclusion, les AIEC, au vue de leur forte prévalence chez des sujets en bonne santé, seraient plutôt à reconsidérer comme des pathobionts ce qui définit un symbionte pouvant acquérir des propriétés virulentes chez un hôte prédisposé génétiquement en raison de facteurs environnementaux et/ou diététiques et ainsi favoriser l’inflammation intestinaleMany studies have reported an imbalance of bacterial flora in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), defined as a dysbiosis, and resulting in an increase in potentially pathogenic bacteria versus a decrease in beneficial bacteria. Previous studies have highlighted the presence of pathogenic strains of E. coli in patients with CD. These strains belong to the pathovar Adherent Invasive E. coli (AIEC) and are characterized by their ability to adhere and invade intestinal epithelial cells, to survive and to multiply in macrophages by inducing an intense synthesis of TNF. In recent years, many studies established a link between AIEC pathovar and CD. Many of these studies have been performed on biopsies of patients with CD. And although the mechanisms of pathogenicity and virulence of the AIEC strain are clearly determined, there are no in-depth studies on the prevalence of AIEC in feces in IBD patients in comparison to healthy individuals. Thus, the goal of this thesis project is to better understand the involvement of AIEC pathovars in IBD at the luminal level. This thesis is based more precisely on the study of the prevalence of AIEC in feces of patients with IBD in comparison to healthy subjects, targeting different points: prevalence and detection of AIEC, their relative proportion compared to total E. coli flora, their invasion capacity, their phylogroup as well as their transmissibility. AIEC are found at luminal level in patients with CD but also in patients with UC, with detection of AIEC in 33% and 2% respectively. In addition, a higher prevalence of these pathovar is present in the feces of healthy individuals (51%) compared to patients with IBD. And when AIEC are present, both in IBD patients and in controls, they represent on average 20 to 30% of the E. coli flora. We have also been able to show that there are no significant differences in AIEC invasion scores in patients with IBD and in healthy subjects. Some AIEC strains, isolated in patients with CD and in healthy subjects, have been genetically characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Different genetic profiles have been obtained attesting the high intra- and interindividual variability of AIEC strains. In conclusion, because of their high prevalence in healthy individuals, AIEC should be reconsidered as pathobionts, which defines a symbiont acquiring virulent properties in a genetically predisposed host due to environmental and / or dietary factors and thus promoting intestinal inflammation
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Camprubí, Font Carla. "Genetics and transcriptomics of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC): new approaches to uncover molecular markers for its rapid identification." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672302.
Full textAbstract:
The adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) pathotype could play a role in the course of Crohn’s disease. This is characterized by its capacity to adhere to and to invade intestinal epithelial cells as well as to replicate and survive within macrophages. At present, identification of the AIEC pathotype relies on time-consuming techniques based on the phenotypic screening of cultured bacteria, which are not standardized. In this thesis, we focused on the study of AIEC genetics in order to look for key characteristics that could assist the development of a molecular tool for the identification of the pathotype.
To sum up, the results of this work provide meaningful information that contributes to our understanding of AIEC genomics. In this case, two putative molecular markers resulting from a combination of genetic and/or phenotypic features have been presented and these could assist in AIEC screening. Finally, gene expression results provide new insights to better describe genes putatively involved in AIEC virulenceEl patotip adherent-invasiu d’Escherichia coli (AIEC) podria jugar un paper en el transcurs de la malaltia de Crohn. Aquest es caracteritza per tenir capacitat d’adhesió i invasió a cèl·lules de l’epiteli intestinal a més de replicar-se i sobreviure en macròfags. Actualment la única manera d’identificar aquests bacteris és analitzant aquestes característiques fenotípiques, un mètode poc estandarditzat i que requereix molt temps i dedicació. En la present tesi ens hem centrat en estudiar genèticament el patotip AIEC per tal de buscar característiques clau que puguin ajudar en el desenvolupament d’una eina molecular per a la seva identificació. En resum, els resultats d'aquest treball proporcionen informació significativa que contribueix a la comprensió de la genètica del patotip AIEC. En aquest cas, s'han presentat dos possibles marcadors moleculars resultants d'una combinació de característiques genètiques i/o fenotípiques que podrien ajudar en la detecció d’AIEC. Finalment, els resultats d'expressió gènica proporcionen noves idees per descriure millor els gens implicats en la virulència del patotip AIEC
Programa de Doctorat en Biologia Molecular, Biomedicina i Salut
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Gibold-Lyonne, Lucie. "Impact des facteurs micro-environnementaux de l'hôte sur la colonisation instestinale des Escherichia Coli adhérents et invasifs." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF1MM22/document.
Full textAbstract:
La maladie de Crohn (MC) est une affection inflammatoire chronique du tube digestif dont l’étiologie est multifactorielle. Les lésions intestinales des patients atteints de MC sont anormalement colonisées par des souches pathogènes d’Escherichia coli appartenant au pathovar AIEC pour «Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli ». Ces souches sont capables d’adhérer et d’envahir les cellules épithéliales intestinales, et ont la capacité de survivre et de se multiplier en macrophages en induisant une synthèse intense de cytokines pro-inflammatoires. Les AIEC pourraient ainsi être impliquées dans l’induction et/ou l’entretien de l’état inflammatoire de la muqueuse intestinale.L’objectif de ce travail est d’identifier les déterminants bactériens des AIEC qui vont intervenir dans les étapes précoces de l’implantation des AIEC au niveau intestinal et de définir quel est le rôle des facteurs micro-environnementaux de l’hôte dans cette implantation.Nous montrons que l’AIEC LF82 possède une activité mucinolytique qui est portée par le gène vat-AIEC et qui favorise la traversée du mucus et la colonisation intestinale. Nous avons retrouvé ce gène chez 42% des souches AIEC isolées de patients atteints de MC, et chez 97% des souches AIEC appartenant au phylogroupe B2. Par ailleurs, nous avons montré que les sels biliaires augmentent l’expression de cette mucinase.Nous avons ensuite étudié l’influence des sels biliaires sur l’expression globale des gènes de la souche LF82. Les sels biliaires modifient profondément le métabolisme de la souche, induisant une diminution globale des voies de biosynthèse (protéines, lipides) et une augmentation des voies de dégradation (alcools, acides carboxyliques, polyamines, …). L’étude du catabolisme de l’éthanolamine et du propanediol indique que les AIEC pourraient se servir de ces substrats pour s’implanter au sein de la flore iléale. De plus, les analyses transcriptomiques révèlent que les sels biliaires augmentent l’expression de gènes codant des facteurs de virulence comme l’invasine IbeA, les systèmes de sécrétion de type VI et la yersiniabactine. Nous montrons également qu’ils favorisent la formation de biofilm chez les souches AIEC.Ces données indiquent que les sels biliaires constituent un signal permettant à la souche AIEC LF82 de mettre en place différentes voies métaboliques et déterminants bactériens nécessaires à son implantation au niveau intestinal.Mots-clé : Escherichia coli, maladie de Crohn, mucines, serine protéase, mucinase, AIECThe etiology of Crohn's disease (CD) involves disorders in host genetic factors and intestinal microbiota. Ileal mucosa of CD patients is often abnormally colonized by adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC). These strains isolated from the intestinal mucosa of CD patients are able to adhere to intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). This adhesion to IECs promotes the invasion of cells by the bacteria. Furthermore, the invasive ability of AIEC strains allows bacteria to translocate across the human intestinal epithelium, move into the deep tissues and activate immune cells continuously upon arrival. Thus AIEC could be involved in the inflammatory state of the intestinal mucous membrane. The aim of this study was to identify components of AIEC virulence, which might favor their implantation in the gut of CD patients and to define the role of several chemical factors from the ileal environment. Here, we reported a protease called Vat-AIEC from AIEC which favors the penetration of AIEC through the mucus layer and enhances gut colonization. The screening of E. coli strains isolated from CD patients revealed a preferential vat-AIEC association with AIEC strains belonging to the B2 phylogroup. Besides, Vat-AIEC transcription was increased with bile salts from the ileum environment. Then a global RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of E. coli LF82 has been used to observe the impact of bile salts on the expression of bacterial genes. The results demonstrate the explosive effect of bile salts with a dysregulation of about 40% of the genome, with a global upregulation of genes involved in degradation and downregulation of those implicated in several biosynthesis. Our results show that LF82 use ethanolamine as a nitrogen source and propane diol as a carbon source, which can favor their colonization in the gut compared to the other bacteria. We also studied virulence genes expression in the presence of bile salts. They increase the expression of several virulence factors like the IbeA invasion, the type 6 secretion systems and the yersiniabactin. Furthermore, we noticed an increased expression of genes implicated in biofilm formation. These results improve the understanding of the global regulatory network in the presence of bile salts and thus of AIEC implantation in the human gut of CD patients
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el, Sayed Mewafy Sherif. "Investigation into the creation of an ambient intelligent physiology measurement environment to facilitate modelling of the human wellbeing." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2014. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/investigation-into-the-creation-of-an-ambient-intelligent-physiology-measurement-environment-to-facilitate-modelling-of-the-human-wellbeing(27f3cf96-357d-49fa-a19f-cf60e9ae0347).html.
Full textAbstract:
The elderly population worldwide has an increasing expectation of wellbeing and life expectancy. The monitoring of the majority of elderly people on an individual basis, in a medical sense, will not be a viable proposition in the future due to the projected numbers of individuals requiring such activity. The expectation is that the infrastructure available will not be adequate to meet all the anticipated requirements and subsequently people will have to live at home with inadequate care. A new global objective that aims towards enhancing the quality of life of the elderly is being supported by extensive research. This research has been taking place in the field of ambient intelligence (AmI), considering factors including more comfort, improved health, enhanced security for the elderly, and facilitating the living in their homes longer. Prior research has shown a need for accelerated expansion in the ambient intelligence domain. To that end this work presents a novel learning technique for intelligent agents that can be used in Ambient Intelligent Environments (AIEs). The main objective of this work is to add knowledge to the AmI domain and to explore the practical applications within this research field. The added knowledge is accomplished through the development of an ambient intelligent health care environment that allows a practical assessment of the human well-being to take place. This is achieved by transforming the elderly living environment into an intelligent pseudo robot within which they reside to better understand the human wellbeing. The system developed aims to provide evidence that a level of automated care is both possible and practical. This care is for those with chronic physical or mental disabilities who have difficulty in their interactions with standardised living spaces. The novel integrated hardware and software architecture provides personalised environmental monitoring. It also provides control facilities based on the patient‘s physical and emotional wellness in their home. Entitled Health Adaptive Online Emotion Fuzzy Agent (HAOEFA), the system provides a non-invasive, self-learning, intelligent controlling system that constantly adapts to the requirements of an individual. The system has the ability to model and learn the user behaviour in order to control the environment on their behalf. This is achieved with respect to the changing environmental conditions as well as the user‘s health and emotional states being detected. A change of emotion can have a direct impact on the system‘s control taking place in the environment. Thus HAOEFA combines an emotion recognition system within a fuzzy logic learning and adaptation based controller. The emotion recogniser detects the occupant‘s emotions upon the changes of the physiological data being monitored. In addition to acting as an output to the occupant‘s physiological changes, the detected emotion also acts as input to the whole situation being observed by HAOEFA. This allows HAOEFA to control the Glam i-HomeCare on the user‘s behalf with respect to their emotional status. The system developed incorporates real-time, continuous adaptations to facilitate any changes to the occupant‘s behaviour within the environment. It also allows the rules to be adapted and extended online, assisting a life-long learning technique as the environmental conditions change and the user behaviour adjusts with it. HAOEFA uses the fuzzy c-means clustering methodology for extracting membership functions (MFs) before building its set of fuzzy rules. These MFs together with the rules base constitute a major part of the proposed system. It has the ability to learn and model the individual human behaviour with respect to their emotional status. Following the provided literature review and the presentation of Fuzzy logic MFs (see section 3.3). The thesis presents two chosen unobtrusive self-learning techniques that are used in the development of the intelligent fuzzy system. Each approach combines an emotion recogniser with a fuzzy logic learning and adaptation based technique for systems that can be used in AIEs. A comparison of two different MFs designs is contrasted showing the impact they have on the system learning ability. A number of carefully designed experiments were performed by volunteers in the Glam i-HomeCare test-bed at the University of South Wales to examine the system‘s ability to learn the occupant‘s behaviour with respect to their health and emotional states. The experimental procedures were performed twice by each volunteer, while maintaining the same behavioural actions to compare how much the design of fuzzy membership functions can impact the learning process and the number of rules created by the system. Besides evaluating both systems‘ emotion recognition accuracies and comparing them to one another for each occupant, the empirical outcomes show the potential of the approach in assisting the extension of independent living. The results demonstrate how the type-1 fuzzy system both learnt and adapted to each occupant‘s behaviour with respect to their health and emotional state whilst assessing multiple environmental conditions.
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Chassaing, Benoit. "Caractérisation de facteurs bactériens essentiels à la virulence des souches de Escherichia coli associées à la maladie de Crohn." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00855515.
Full textAbstract:
La maladie de Crohn (MC) est une affection inflammatoire chronique du tube digestif dont l'étiologie est multifactorielle. Les lésions iléales des patients atteints de MC sont anormalement colonisées par des souches pathogènes de Escherichia coli appartenant au pathovar AIEC pour " Adherent-Invasive E. coli ". Ces souches sont capables d'adhérer et d'envahir les cellules épithéliales intestinales, et ont la capacité de survivre et de se multiplier fortement en macrophages en induisant une synthèse intense de TNF-α. L'objectif de ce travail s'inscrit dans la compréhension des mécanismes permettant aux bactéries AIEC de coloniser la muqueuse intestinale et d'induire les stades précoces de la pathologie. Une précédente étude menée au laboratoire avait permis de mettre en évidence l'importance de l'activation de la voie de régulation dépendante du facteur bactérien sigma alternatif RpoE (ou σE) dans le processus d'adhésion et d'invasion des cellules épithéliales intestinales par la souche AIEC de référence LF82 via l'expression des pili de type 1 et des flagelles. En continuité de ces travaux, nous montrons que l'activation de la voie de signalisation dépendante du facteur σE est également primordiale pour la capacité des souches AIEC à former des biofilms, et une analyse bioinformatique ayant pour but d'identifier les gènes régulés par σE a montré que l'opéron waaWVL, impliqué dans la biosynthèse du lipopolysaccharide, est primordial pour la formation de biofilm par les souches AIEC. De plus, nous avons mis en évidence que les long polar fimbriae (LPF) sont impliqués dans le ciblage de l'épithélium associé aux plaques de Peyer par les bactéries AIEC, et ceci en leur permettant de cibler spécifiquement les cellules M. L'inactivation du gène Nod2, gène de susceptibilité à la MC, conduit à une augmentation du nombre de plaques de Peyer ainsi que des cellules M à leur surface, indiquant que les bactéries AIEC pourraient tirer avantage d'une susceptibilité génétique pour cibler les plaques de Peyer.
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Rolhion, Nathalie. "Pouvoir d'adhésion et d'invasion des souches AIEC associées à la maladie de Crohn : facteurs de virulence et régulation de leur expression." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF1MM09.
Full textAbstract:
La maladie de Crohn (MC) est une affection inflammatoire chronique du tube digestif dont l'étiologie reste mal connue. Les lésions iléales de MC sont anormalement colonisées par des souches pathogènes de Escherichia coli appartenant au pathovar AIEC pour Adherent-Invasive E. Coli. Ces souches sont capables d'adhérer et d'envahir les cellules épithéliales intestinales et ont la capacité de survivre et de se multiplier fortement en macrophages, en induisant une synthèse intense de TNF-α. L'objectif de ce travail s'inscrit dans la compréhension des mécanismes permettant aux bactéries AIEC d'adhérer et d'envahir les cellules épithéliales intestinales. Le criblage de la banque de mutants d'insertion du transposon Tn5phoA de la souche AIEC de référence LF82 a permis de mettre en évidence le rôle de la lipoprotéine YfgL dans le pouvoir invasif de la souche LF82. En effet, cette lipoprotéine participe à la formation de vésicules membranaires qui pourraient constituer un système de sécrétion et de transport de protéines bactériennes effectrices délivrées dans la cellule hôte et nécessaires à l'invasion des cellules par les bactéries. De plus, l'oxydoréductase DsbA est impliquée dans l'adhésion de la souche AIEC LF82 en régulant l'expression des flagelles et des pili de type 1, mais est également essentielle à la survie des bactéries AIEC LF82 en macrophages. Enfin, la protéine de membrane externe OmpC est essentielle chez la souche AIEC LF82 à l'adhésion et l'invasion des cellules épithéliales intestinales, mais son rôle dans la virulence est indirect. L'expression de la protéine OmpC est fortement induite à forte osmolarité, condition rencontrée par les bactéries AIEC au sein du tube digestif. Une surexpression de OmpC permet, chez la souche AIEC LF82, l'activation de la voie de régulation dépendante du facteur sigma alternatif RpoE (ou σE) qui régule l'expression des pili de type 1, des flagelles et d'autres facteurs nécessaires au processus d'adhésion et d'invasion des cellules épithéliales intestinales. En conclusion, sur la base des facteurs de virulence identifiés chez la souche AIEC LF82 et de leur régulation, les souches aIEC semblent avoir évolué de façon à pouvoir coloniser et envahir la muqueuse intestinale.
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Larabi, Anaïs. "Les exosomes, médiateurs fondamentaux de la communication intercellulaire au cours de l'infection par les bactéries AIEC impliquées dans la maladie de Crohn." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAS018.
Full textAbstract:
La maladie de Crohn (MC) est une maladie inflammatoire chronique du tube digestif caractérisée par un état d’hyperactivation du système immunitaire intestinal. L’étiologie de cette maladie fait intervenir des facteurs environnementaux, génétiques et infectieux entraînant une réponse immunitaire aberrante. A ce jour, aucun traitement spécifique n’est disponible et de par ses conséquences invalidantes, sa nature chronique et récidivante et sa prévalence croissante, la MC représente un problème majeur de santé publique. Plusieurs groupes dont le nôtre ont rapporté une colonisation anormale de la muqueuse intestinale des patients atteints de MC par des bactéries Escherichia coli adhérentes et invasives dénommées AIEC. La caractérisation des bactéries AIEC a montré qu’elles sont capables de traverser la couche de mucus intestinal, de transloquer à travers l’épithélium au niveau des plaques de Peyer, de déstabiliser la fonction de barrière intestinale, de coloniser le tube digestif, de moduler le microbiote intestinal et d'induire une inflammation intestinale dans les modèles murins génétiquement prédisposés. Des études menées par le laboratoire ont montré que l’autophagie est un mécanisme clé de la défense de l’hôte pour l’élimination des bactéries AIEC intracellulaires et la diminution de l’inflammation intestinale induite par ces dernières. Cependant, le ou les récepteur(s) autophagique(s) impliqué(s) dans le ciblage des AIEC aux autophagosomes ainsi que le mécanisme sous-jacent restent à identifier. Il a été récemment montré au laboratoire que l’infection des cellules épithéliales intestinales par les bactéries AIEC induit la sécrétion d’exosomes capables d’activer les réponses immunes et d’augmenter la réplication intracellulaire des AIEC dans les cellules épithéliales intestinales et les macrophages receveurs. Cependant, les mécanismes sous-tendant les effets des exosomes dans les cellules réceptrices restent à identifier.Les travaux menés au cours de cette thèse visent à identifier (i) le mécanisme moléculaire par lequel les exosomes augmentent la réplication intracellulaire des AIEC dans les cellules réceptrices et (ii) le ou les récepteur(s) autophagique(s) mis en jeu dans le ciblage des AIEC à la machinerie autophagique. Les résultats obtenus ont permis de mettre en lumière le transfert de miARN spécifiques, les miR-30c et miR-130a, de cellules en cellules via les exosomes afin d’inhiber la réponse autophagique de l’hôte, favorisant ainsi la colonisation par les AIEC. De plus, bien que préliminaires, nos données ont montré que certains récepteurs autophagiques se lient d’une part aux AIEC et d’autre part aux vésicules autophagiques, permettant ainsi la reconnaissance et par conséquent la dégradation de ces bactéries par la machinerie autophagique.Ensemble, ces études contribueront à la compréhension des multiples aspects de l’interaction entre l’hôte et les bactéries AIEC pathogènes associées à MC et permettront à l'avenir de mieux comprendre la pathogenèse de cette maladie afin d’en faciliter le diagnostic et le traitementCrohn’s disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease with a multifactorial etiology, involving a complex interaction between environmental, genetic and microbial factors leading to a hyperactivation of the intestinal immune system and to an aberrant immune response. To date, no specific treatment is available and due to its disabling consequences, its chronic and recurrent nature and its increasing prevalence, CD represents a major public health problem. Our group and others have reported a high prevalence of pathogenic adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) strains in the ileal mucosa of CD patients. Characterization of CD-associated AIEC strains revealed that these bacteria are able to cross the mucus intestinal layer, translocate through the epithelium across Peyer’s patches, destabilize the intestinal barrier function, colonize the gut and induce intestinal inflammation in genetically susceptible mouse models.Studies conducted in the laboratory showed that autophagy is a host key player for the elimination of intracellular AIEC and the control of intestinal inflammation induced by these bacteria. However, the autophagy receptor(s) targeting AIEC to autophagosomes and the underlying mechanism remain unknown.We recently reported that AIEC infection promotes the secretion of exosomes by infected cells, which are in turn uptaken by naïve cells, leading to increased pro-inflammatory response and impaired clearance of intracellular AIEC. The mechanisms underlying the effects of exosomes in recipient cells, however, remain unknown.This study aims at identifying (i) the molecular mechanism by which the exosomes increase AIEC intracellular replication in recipient cells and (ii) the autophagy receptor(s) involved in the targeting of AIEC to the autophagy machinery.The obtained results highlighted the transfer of specific miRNAs, mir-30c and miR-130a, from cell to cell via the exosomal shuttle to inhibit host autophagy response, thus favoring AIEC colonization. Moreover, although preliminary, our data showed that some autophagy receptors bind, on one hand, to AIEC bacteria, and on the other hand, to autophagic vesicles, allowing the recognition and thus, the degradation of bacteria by the autophagy machinery.Together, these studies will contribute to understand the interaction between the host and the pathogenic AIEC bacteria associated with CD, and will in the future help to better understand the pathogenesis of this disease to facilitate its diagnosis and treatment
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Luu, Viet Hung. "Étude du champ électromagnétique et interprétation de données magnétotelluriques au Vietnam." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112350.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail de thèse est consacré à l’étude de la structure électrique de la croûte terrestre dans deux régions du Vietnam, au Nord dans le delta du Fleuve Rouge et au Sud dans la région de la faille de la Rivière Saigon, et en Afrique de l’Ouest, où les données utilisées sont celles acquises durant l’Année Internationale de l’Electrojet Equatorial (AIEE). La technique utilisée est celle du sondage magnétotellurique. Deux des régions étudiées (le sud du Vietnam et l’Afrique de l’Ouest) sont situées au voisinage de l’équateur magnétique. Du fait de la présence de l’électrojet équatorial, l’hypothèse de l’onde plane, sur laquelle est basée la magnétotellurique, n’y est vérifiée que pour une gamme de périodes limitée. La modélisation de l’induction par un électrojet gaussien nous a permis de caractériser l’effet de source associé à l’électrojet équatorial, et de déterminer pour chacune des zones étudiées les gammes de périodes pour lesquelles cet effet de source est négligeable. Nous avons par ailleurs montré que l’effet de source associé à l’électrojet équatorial dépend des principales caractéristiques de la structure électrique du sous-sol, et de la distance entre le centre de l’électrojet équatorial et la position examinée. Dans le delta du fleuve Rouge, le profil magnétotellurique est orienté SO-NE. Long d’environ 32 km, il recoupe les failles majeures du système de failles du Fleuve Rouge. Les données magnétotelluriques ont été inversées pour obtenir une coupe transversale de résistivité électrique pour les trois premiers kilomètres. Cette coupe de résistivité électrique et une coupe de densité obtenue par modélisation des données gravimétriques acquises le long du même profil, ainsi que des informations déduites de forages effectués au voisinage du profil ont été utilisées pour proposer une coupe géologique de la région étudiée. Dans la région de la faille de la Rivière Saigon, le profil magnétotellurique, long d’environ 15 km, recoupe le trajet supposé de la faille. La structure électrique des premiers kilomètres de la croûte a été déterminée par inversion 2-D des données pour les gammes de périodes qui ne sont pas affectées par l’électrojet équatorial (< 0,7 s). La coupe transversale de résistivité électrique ainsi obtenue nous a permis de proposer une nouvelle localisation de la faille de la Rivière Saigon, à la limite entre un domaine résistant, le bloc de Da Lat au nord-est, et un domaine moins résistant, le bloc de Can Tho au sud-ouest. Cette nouvelle localisation est à environ 2,2 km au sud-ouest de la localisation généralement supposée pour cette faille. En Afrique de l’Ouest, nous avons montré que les données de jour sont affectées par l’électrojet équatorial pour toute la gamme de période étudiée (>120 s); ces données n’ont donc pas été utilisées pour déterminer la structure électrique de la croûte et du manteau supérieur. L’inversion 2-D des données de nuit, montre la présence d’une structure subverticale, relativement conductrice, qui sépare le Craton Ouest-africain très résistant des terrains situés sous le bassin du fleuve SénégalThis thesis is devoted to the study of the electrical structure of the Earth’s crust in two regions of Vietnam (the Red River Delta in the north and the region of the Saigon River fault in the south) and in West Africa. The data were those acquired during the International Year of the Equatorial Electrojet (IYEE). The technique used is the magnetotelluric (MT) sounding method. Two of the regions studied (southern Vietnam and West Africa) are located near the magnetic equator. Due to the presence of the equatorial electrojet in these regions, the assumption of plane wave, on which MT relies, is valid for a limited range of periods. Modeling of the induction by a Gaussian electrojet allowed us to characterize the source effect associated with the equatorial electrojet, and to determine for each studied region the period ranges for which the source effect is negligible. We have also shown that the source effect associated with the equatorial electrojet depends on the main features of the electrical structure of the basement, and the distance between the center of the equatorial electrojet and the location of the considered station. In the Red River Delta at the north, the MT profile is oriented SW-NE. It is about 32 km long, and goes across the major faults of the Red River fault system. MT data were applied 2-D inversion to obtain a electrical cross-section for the first three kilometers of the crust. This electrical cross-section, a density cross-section obtained by modeling of gravity data collected along the same profile, and information derived from holes drilled in the vicinity of the profile, both were used to construct a geological section of the study area. In the region of the Saigon River fault, the magnetotelluric profile is about 15 km long. It goes across the supposed location of the fault. The electrical structure of the first three kilometers of the crust was determined by 2-D inversion of data for periods which are not affected by the equatorial electrojet (< 0.7 s). The electrical cross-section obtained allowed us to propose a new location for the Saigon River fault; it corresponds to the boundary between a resistant domain, the block of Da Lat in the north-east, and a less resistant domain, the block of Can Tho in the south-west. This new location is about 2.2 km southwest of the location currently assumed for this fault. In West Africa, we have shown that electromagnetic impedances derived using day time data are affected by the equatorial electrojet for the whole range of period studied (> 120 s), so these data have not been used to determine the electrical structure of the crust and the upper mantle. The 2-D inversion of nighttime data shows the presence of a subvertical structure, relatively conductive, which separates the West African Craton which is very resistant from the geological structures beneath the Senegal River basin
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Gon?alves, Andr? Vin?cius. "Modelagem autom?tica e din?mica de estilos de aprendizagem em sistemas adaptativos e inteligentes para educa??o a dist?ncia: estudo comparativo entre duas abordagens." UFVJM, 2015. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1154.
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Nos ?ltimos dez anos muitos pesquisadores t?m realizado estudos sobre assist?ncia personalizada e inteligente em Ambientes Educacionais a Dist?ncia, baseada na identifica??o dos Estilos de Aprendizagem. Sabe-se que o aprendizado ? algo extremamente particular, pois cada estudante possui estilos pr?prios e pode sofrer mudan?as diante de situa??es diversas como, por exemplo, objetivo, motiva??o, personalidade, etc. Por isso, o conceito de adaptabilidade do conte?do did?tico tem se tornado de grande import?ncia na personaliza??o do Sistema de Gerenciamento de Aprendizagem (SGA). Diante desse fato, Dor?a (2012) prop?e uma abordagem de Sistema Adaptativo e Inteligente para Educa??o (SAIE), utilizando t?cnicas probabil?sticas e Intelig?ncia Artificial (IA), capaz de detectar e adaptar, de maneira din?mica e autom?tica, os estilos de aprendizagem do estudante, considerando o Modelo de Estilo de Aprendizagem Felder-Silverman?s. Ap?s pesquisa detalhada, foram propostas algumas adapta??es baseadas na abordagem original, alterando o funcionamento de dois componentes espec?ficos: o M?dulo Pedag?gico e o Componente de Modelagem do Estudante. Al?m disso, prop?e-se uma nova estrutura do Modelo Estudante, contemplando o hist?rico de desempenho do aluno nos processos avaliativos. Por conseguinte, realizaram-se testes para avaliar os impactos de tais mudan?as por meio uma compara??o estat?stica utilizando o m?todo T-Pareado. Pelos resultados obtidos, as ideias deste trabalho proporcionaram uma melhora m?dia de 6,07% no desempenho avaliativo do estudante e uma redu??o m?dia de 68,27% nos problemas de aprendizagem, demonstrando efici?ncia e efic?cia da proposta.
Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Educa??o, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2015.
Since last decade many researchers have been conducting studies on personalized and intelligent assistance in distance education based on identification of learning styles. It is known that learning is something very particular because each student has their own styles and are subject to change on a variety of situations such as goal, motivation, personality, etc. Therefore, this study discusses the concept of adaptability of educational content as a way to provide customization of Learning Management System (LMS). Through probabilistic techniques and Artificial Intelligence (AI), Dor?a (2012) proposed a approach Adaptive and Intelligent System for Education (AIES) able to dynamically and automatically detect, select and adapt learning objects based on the student?s profile through Felder-Silverman Learning Styles Model (FSLSM). After detailed study, it has been proposed some adaptations based on this approach, thereby altering the operation of two specific components: the Pedagogical Module and the Student Modeling Component. In addition, it is proposed a new structure Model Student, considering learner performance history in the evaluation processes. Therefore, it carried out tests to assess the impacts of such changes through a statistical comparison by T-Paired method. From the results, the ideas in this work provides an average improvement of 6.07% in the performance evaluation of the student and an average reduction of 68.27% in the learning problems, demonstrating proposal of efficiency and effectiveness.
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Luu, Viet-Hung. "Etude du champ électromagnétique et interprétation de données magnétotellurique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00669815.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail de thèse est consacré à l'étude de la structure électrique de la croûte terrestre dans deux régions du Vietnam, au Nord dans le delta du Fleuve Rouge et au Sud dans la région de la faille de la Rivière Saigon, et en Afrique de l'Ouest, où les données utilisées sont celles acquises durant l'Année Internationale de l'Electrojet Equatorial (AIEE). La technique utilisée est celle du sondage magnétotellurique. Deux des régions étudiées (le sud du Vietnam et l'Afrique de l'Ouest) sont situées au voisinage de l'équateur magnétique. Du fait de la présence de l'électrojet équatorial, l'hypothèse de l'onde plane, sur laquelle est basée la magnétotellurique, n'y est vérifiée que pour une gamme de périodes limitée. La modélisation de l'induction par un électrojet gaussien nous a permis de caractériser l'effet de source associé à l'électrojet équatorial, et de déterminer pour chacune des zones étudiées les gammes de périodes pour lesquelles cet effet de source est négligeable. Nous avons par ailleurs montré que l'effet de source associé à l'électrojet équatorial dépend des principales caractéristiques de la structure électrique du sous-sol, et de la distance entre le centre de l'électrojet équatorial et la position examinée. Dans le delta du fleuve Rouge, le profil magnétotellurique est orienté SO-NE. Long d'environ 32 km, il recoupe les failles majeures du système de failles du Fleuve Rouge. Les données magnétotelluriques ont été inversées pour obtenir une coupe transversale de résistivité électrique pour les trois premiers kilomètres. Cette coupe de résistivité électrique et une coupe de densité obtenue par modélisation des données gravimétriques acquises le long du même profil, ainsi que des informations déduites de forages effectués au voisinage du profil ont été utilisées pour proposer une coupe géologique de la région étudiée. Dans la région de la faille de la Rivière Saigon, le profil magnétotellurique, long d'environ 15 km, recoupe le trajet supposé de la faille. La structure électrique des premiers kilomètres de la croûte a été déterminée par inversion 2-D des données pour les gammes de périodes qui ne sont pas affectées par l'électrojet équatorial (< 0,7 s). La coupe transversale de résistivité électrique ainsi obtenue nous a permis de proposer une nouvelle localisation de la faille de la Rivière Saigon, à la limite entre un domaine résistant, le bloc de Da Lat au nord-est, et un domaine moins résistant, le bloc de Can Tho au sud-ouest. Cette nouvelle localisation est à environ 2,2 km au sud-ouest de la localisation généralement supposée pour cette faille. En Afrique de l'Ouest, nous avons montré que les données de jour sont affectées par l'électrojet équatorial pour toute la gamme de période étudiée (>120 s); ces données n'ont donc pas été utilisées pour déterminer la structure électrique de la croûte et du manteau supérieur. L'inversion 2-D des données de nuit, montre la présence d'une structure subverticale, relativement conductrice, qui sépare le Craton Ouest-africain très résistant des terrains situés sous le bassin du fleuve Sénégal.
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Graça, João Miguel Matos da Cruz. "Brand knowledge of AIESEC in Portugal and its relationship with purchase intention." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/21124.
Full textAbstract:
Nowadays, brands are increasingly playing a strategic role in non-profit organizations. Previous studies have concluded that brand knowledge influences what comes to mind when consumers think about a brand. Studies have also confirmed that brand knowledge relates to consumers’ purchase intention. However, despite the literature developments, there is a lack of understanding of those concepts in the non-profit sector. Hence, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the brand knowledge of a non-profit organization and its relationship with purchase intention. The organization selected for this study is AIESEC in Portugal. The research addresses Keller’s model (1993), in which brand knowledge is conceptualized in terms of two components: brand awareness and brand image.
The study was developed by applying both qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative analysis was implemented by conducting a semi-structured interview. For the quantitative analysis, it was applied an online questionnaire to 200 participants.
The results reveal that the variables used to measure brand awareness and brand image are related to each other and to purchase intention, supporting Keller’s model and suggesting that brand knowledge is related to purchase intention. The results also show that part of the participants knows the studied brand but in a superficial way.Atualmente, as marcas estão crescentemente a desempenhar um papel estratégico nas organizações sem fins lucrativos. Estudos prévios concluíram que o conhecimento da marca influencia o que vem à mente dos consumidores quando estes pensam sobre esta. Também confirmaram que este está relacionado com a intenção de compra dos consumidores. Contudo, apesar da evolução da literatura, existe uma falta de compreensão desses conceitos no sector sem fins lucrativos. Neste sentido, o presente estudo visa investigar o conhecimento da marca de uma organização sem fins lucrativos e a sua relação com a intenção de compra. A organização selecionada para este estudo é a AIESEC em Portugal. A investigação aborda o modelo de Keller (1993), no qual conhecimento da marca é conceptualizado segundo dois componentes: a notoriedade e a imagem de marca. O estudo foi desenvolvido através da aplicação de métodos qualitativos e quantitativos. A análise qualitativa foi implementada através da realização de uma entrevista semiestruturada. Para a análise quantitativa, foi aplicado um questionário online a 200 participantes. Os resultados revelam que as variáveis utilizadas para medir a notoriedade e a imagem da marca estão relacionadas entre si e com a intenção de compra, apoiando o modelo de Keller e sugerindo que o conhecimento da marca está relacionado com a intenção de compra. Mostram também que parte dos participantes conhece a marca estudada, mas de uma maneira superficial.
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Fischer, Jan, and 任恆洋. "The role of AIESEC in the 2017 refugee crisis in the Czech Republic." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/exmw27.
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碩士國立政治大學
國際研究英語碩士學位學程(IMPIS)
107
The current situation in Europe is messy due to the current refugee crisis – year 2017 is set as an example. This creates a hostile environment for NGOs that try to promote multiculturalism and tolerance. The situation in the Czech Republic is no difference. The popularity of populist right-wing parties is rising, and these parties use the refugee crisis to their advantage and build their support on fear of Islam. AIESEC is the world’s biggest student non-governmental organization that operates in 126 different countries and territories. AIESEC in the Czech Republic organizes a project called EDISON, which promotes tolerance, multiculturalism, mutual respect and cross-cultural understanding. EDISON brings volunteers from abroad that go to Czech schools and present about their country and culture. This project and AIESEC were accused of Islamization of the Czech Republic, spreading Islamist propaganda and suppressing the sound judgement of young Czech students. The hypothesis is: Despite the current situation and mood, AIESEC is successful in promoting tolerance. To test this, data about the number of foreign volunteers and their country of origin is collected, 4 interviews with former/current AIESEC officials are conducted and a survey in form of a questionnaire asking Czech students that participated in AIESEC project, which provides 781 answers. Results suggest that AIESEC is indeed successful in promoting tolerance. The level up to which AIESEC mitigates the current situation is limited, as it strives for long-term achievements and does not have the capacity to achieve this alone.
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Chao, Tsui-Yu, and 趙翠玉. "A study on the service process and development by AIESEC international volunteers coming to Taiwan." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/s6aatc.
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碩士國立暨南國際大學
國際文教與比較教育學系
102
Abstract In this globalizing world, connections among areas or nations gets closer. Many countries, for speeding regional developments and intercultural understanding, are dedicated to promote and recommend international volunteer services. As an international NPO and NGO with the advantage of the Internet, AIESEC provides not only the business internship for international youths but the recommendation and introduction of international volunteers to other countries. This research first introduces the operation of AIESEC, discussing the details of how AIESEC select, recommend and train its members to be eligible international volunteers. Then the discussion moves along to how AIESEC helps its volunteers via its platform to complete their services. This research furthers to explore the experiences of their volunteering. The conclusions and suggestion derived from this research are: 1. On the operation of AIESEC: AIESEC, based on each individual school, builds a structure with three levels globally and six developing areas locally with the help of the technology network and move itself from Europe to the whole world. It cooperates with renowned enterprises, increases the chances to do internship in them and indirectly facilitate its own development. Under its structure and operational mode, it selects, accommodates, trains and assists its international volunteers. Its training focuses on leaning by immersion, cultivating leadership and global outlook while working. 2. On the experience of international volunteers: (1) Their motivation, though getting business internship as priority and volunteering service secondary, is aimed to increase their own working and living experiences overseas. They want to understand different lifestyles, live another working experience and environment other than enterprises, and teach overseas. (2) The reason to choose Taiwan as destination: stable political situation, safe society, clean environment, friendly to foreigners are the main reasons they come to Taiwan. For Asian volunteers, the impetuses include pleasant climate, similar language, friendly residents and appropriate distance. (3) The subject of their service focuses mainly on the community service and educational service. Language teaching and cultural introducing form the content. (4) Challenges and problems: primarily the problem falls on language barriers. Some teachers think the participation of international volunteers affects the proceeding of their class. The administrators’ ill-management of the schedule leads to a time-wasting problem of international volunteers. And sometimes communication and coordination about accommodation are lacked or flawed between AIESEC branches and the applying institutions. Based on the results, the researcher offers suggestions as follows: 1. To AIESEC: As an international organization, AIESEC should enhance its members’ abilities to communicate actively with the international language. AIESEC should strengthen it’s ability to communicate, send feedbacks and problem-solving about the work details. 2. To the applying institutes: a consensus must be made before the institute applies for the AIESEC volunteering service on the aspects of the instruction and teachers. The curriculum should base mainly on the understanding of social and cultural knowledge of the volunteer’s nationality. English teaching should be optional or secondary. The satisfaction of the volunteer’s basic living needs directly influences their will to re-participate the service. Therefore, a complete SOP should be set up for arranging the curriculum and maintaining the volunteer’ living standard. 3. For further studies: The motivation and sexual orientation of international volunteers could be another direction for further studies. Another topic is whether the ability of familiarizing with the second foreign language is the distinct characteristics equipped by all the AIESEC volunteers. The research can be executed in other areas in Taiwan as well to see its members’ ability of intercultural understanding and communication.
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Crespo, António. "A influência das organizações juvenis na promoção do empreendedorismo social e no desenvolvimento de empreendedores sociais: o caso AIESEC." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/2957.
Full textAbstract:
Cada vez mais nos dias que correm a expressão empreendedorismo social, terceiro
sector, etc., começam a marcar presença nos discursos da esfera política não só dos
países desenvolvidos mas também daqueles em vias de desenvolvimento. A crescente
taxa de desemprego e a incapacidade dos governos agirem localmente para corrigirem
as injustiças e os problemas sociais, fazem com que este “sector” de actividade e os
conceitos a si adjacentes tomem um relevo significativo ajudando na colmatação destes
dois desafios. Apesar de cada vez mais ao nível internacional se promulgarem leis e
regulamentos que reconhecem “novos tipos” de organizações que actuam no domínio
social e incentiva a sua formação e o seu funcionamento, no caso de Portugal ainda será
necessário percorrer um longo caminho no campo jurídico-legal.
Ao nível académico, embora existam diversos estudos que comprovam a importância do
terceiro sector na economia de um país, quer não só na criação de riqueza social e
financeira como também na criação de postos de trabalho, os estudos referentes á
conceptualização do fenómeno ainda são bastante recentes e díspares, o que leva a que
seja por vezes difícil de identificar as causas que estão por detrás da criação destas
diferentes organizações.
Alguns autores apontam que uma das características comuns aos empreendedores
sociais é o envolvimento em actividades associativas anteriores à entrada na vida
profissional. Reconhece-se, assim, a este tipo de organizações um papel importante em
termos sensibilização e desenvolvimento de competências essenciais para a actuação
eficaz no domínio social.
Assim, pretende-se com este estudo, de natureza exploratória e qualitativa e a partir do
estudo de caso da AIESEC1, compreender qual a influência das organizações juvenis na
promoção do empreendedorismo social e no desenvolvimento de Empreendedores
Sociais. A investigação desenvolve-se em torno de duas dimensões: por um lado as
actividades da associação, particularmente as que revelam uma maior preocupação de
natureza social; por outro lado, os testemunhos dos ex-membros desta associação relativamente à sua experiência enquanto membros da associação. Os resultados
obtidos, expressos em forma de hipóteses, apontam para um importante papel da
associação na promoção do empreendedorismo social, não só pelas actividades que
desenvolve, mas também pela importante contributo no desenvolvimento de
características éticas e comportamentais e de competências no domínio da liderança e
gestão, essenciais na formação dos indivíduos que se estabeleceu designar por
empreendedores sociais.
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Chao, Chi-Hung, and 趙啟宏. "The Study on Effects of Serious Leisure toward Service Learners with Volunteer Travel Experience － An Illustration of Participants at AIESEC." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15282527221885294681.
Full textAbstract:
碩士正修科技大學
運動健康與休閒所
100
Recently, volunteer travel has been one of new-born leisure activities over wide the world. Also, it has been great influences on self-reflection and self-achievement for individuals with serious involvement. This study mainly aims at exploring the implications of reflexive thoughts and influences for participants on developing process of serious leisure characteristics in AISEC Taiwan Global Leadership Program. Meanwhile, it would be explored from 5 senior experts (participants) via depth interview method. Also, it may be integrated as contents and discourses by means of related literature review and depth interview. The findings are cited as follows: 1) Serious leisure characteristics can be partially explicit from participants’ involvements as the duration of volunteer travelling process. 2) The motivations are varied, specified, and concrete for each of participant. Moreover, all participative members can realize the contents and implications of related activities processes. 3) It could appeal the effective competence via utilization and internalization of developing serious leisure characteristics by related tasks in AISEC. 4) Participants can be strictly determined within the process of related activities, and create the value of life for individuals. 5) It can make individual re-understand or acquire insight of personal characteristics and plan life careers through volunteer travelling activities. 6) Through volunteer travelling activities, participants may be improved in adaptive capabilities for life challenges and environment. Furthermore, individuals can obtain acquisitions from self-identity and peer-identity, and create sub-cultures as well. Keywords: Volunteer travel, Serious leisure, and Qualitative method
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Pai, Chen-Ying, and 白真瑛. "A Study on the Recruitment of AIESEC International Volunteers for the Educational Services at Elementary Schools in Taipei Area in Taiwan." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51734837616177845243.
Full textAbstract:
碩士臺北市立大學
歷史與地理學系社會科教學碩士學位班
103
Abstract AIESEC, as a non-profit international student organization, aims to bring in more learning resources and help Taiwanese children relate to the world through AIESEC volunteers. By way of this, children’s international perspectives could be broadened. Taking the perspectives from “administrative officers”, “teachers” and “host families”, this thesis analyzes the administrative process to recruit AIESEC international volunteers, their service contents, and the interactions between the host families and AIESEC volunteers. Also the relations between “the self” and “the other”, as well as the ones between “the local” and “the global” are discussed. The conclusions are as follows. First, to recruit AIESEC international volunteers for educational services at elementary schools in Taipei area in Taiwan involves the cooperation among multi-organizations including schools, AIESEC and even the Education Department of New Taipei City. There are two application ways. One is to raise funds by oneself and contact with AIESEC to apply for international volunteers. The other is to apply for the educational subsidy from the Education Department of New Taipei City, and then contact AIESEC for application. Secondly, elementary schools in Taipei area tend to look for friendly female volunteers from Europe or America. As an intermediary, AIESEC gets to know the background and needs of school as well as volunteers, and try to match them by several ways to meet their needs. However, too many limitations on the nationality of the volunteers may increase the matching difficulties. Besides, elementary schools take stable budgets provision as well as the initiative and service attitude of AIESECers into consideration when deciding whether to continue the future cooperation. Thirdly, the service contents should adjust to the background and needs of students and volunteers. Besides, they shouldn’t bring too much burden, no matter to students, teachers or AIESEC volunteers. The well-planed service contents can be very diverse and well integrated with the original curriculum of the school because volunteers come as individuals and it’s easier to communicate and make adjustments. Fourthly, the motivations to be host families could be various and diverse. Compared with male volunteers, female ones are more easily to be accepted by host families. Some schools don’t provide sufficient information about how to be host families. Generally speaking, the interaction experiences between host families and volunteers are good and positive. Fifthly, the advantages of recruiting AIESEC international volunteers at elementary schools include broadening the international perspectives, experiencing multi-cultures, creating the authentic environment to apply foreign languages in the daily life, improving cross-cultural communication abilities, energizing the atmosphere, no matter in the family or at school, and building up international friendships. However, there are challenges in the process including extra loading and pressures, cross-culture interaction challenges, as well as cognitive and expectative diversities. In some cases, the level of involvements and interactions don’t really meet the original expectations. Recruiting AIESEC volunteers involves the cross-border interactions between “the self” and “the other” as well as between “the local” and “the global”. Some cases did go beyond one’s comfort zone and fulfill the trip from “Me” to “We”! Local teachers’ guidance is important to help students relate, compare and interact with different cultures “in the world”, and “local” students and teachers can also be the channel to bring the “local” culture to the “world”! Finally, the researcher offers suggestions to AIESEC, governments, school ad-ministrative departments, teachers, host families, and future researches. Keywords: AIESEC; international volunteer, educational service, the self/ the other, the local/ the global
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Louro, Rita Santos Gil. "The role of education towards sustainable development: The case study of AIESEC & Harvesting Future Leaders’ Education Project in Jakarta, Indonesia." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/19203.
Full textAbstract:
The Agenda 2030 with its seventeen Sustainable Development Goals is the most comprehensive,
universal and ambitious document ever adopted by the United Nations, whose ultimate goals is to
leave no-one behind, taking into account the needs of all people, especially the different vulnerable
groups in the society. This focus on inclusiveness underscores the need to identify who is being left
behind and in what ways.
The purpose of the study is to elaborate on the importance of the role of education and its
positive impact as a potential foundation of the sustainable development agenda, while evaluating
how AIESEC has facilitated the development of leadership skills among the youth population by
encouraging them to think critically as well as take action towards the achievement of a more
sustainable world. As such, the dissertation assessed the work conducted by Harvesting Future
Leaders in providing quality and innovative education to rural children in Jakarta, Indonesia.
Moreover, the dissertation will consider that a key issue is to define the most effective
enabler and accelerator of sustainable development, to nurture the power of sustainability and
development multipliers of every society. Accordingly, it will be addressed the ways the debate on
sustainable development should turn from ‘what’ to ‘how’ in order to implement the Agenda 2030.
People are asking how we can turn ambitious goals into meaningful improvements, regarding which
education is a crucial part of the answer.A Agenda 2030 com os seus dezassete Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável constitui o documento mais universal e ambicioso alguma vez adotado pelas Nações Unidas, cujo objetivo é não deixar ninguém para trás, tendo em conta as necessidades de todas as pessoas, principalmente dos grupos mais vulneráveis que constituem uma sociedade. A importância atribuída à inclusão sublinha, portanto, a necessidade de identificar quem é deixado para trás e de que maneira. O objetivo do estudo aqui apresentado é abordar a importância do papel da educação como pilar fundamental na consecução da Agenda 2030. Analisar o contributo da AIESEC no desenvolvimento de capacidades de liderança nos jovens, encorajando-os a pensar, a criticar e a incentivá-los a tomarem atitudes tendo em vista a concretização de um mundo sustentável. Para servir este propósito, a dissertação analisou o trabalho conduzido pela Harvesting Future Leaders que tem como objetivo principal proporcionar uma educação de qualidade e inovadora a crianças que vivem em zonas rurais em Jacarta, Indonésia. Acima de tudo, o objetivo aqui em análise é tentar encontrar o procedimento que deve ser utilizado e que melhor se adequa à concretização do desenvolvimento sustentável em qualquer sociedade. Desta maneira, será analisado como é que este estudo sobre o desenvolvimento sustentável deve passar de Quê? para Como? a fim de implementar a Agenda 2030. As pessoas perguntam como é que podemos tornar objetivos ambiciosos em mais-valias para as sociedades - para a qual a educação é a parte mais relevante da resposta.
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Liu, Yu-Chia, and 劉又嘉. "The reflexivity of modernity and the Recreation of Capital of International Volunteer students: A case study of AIESEC participants in Shih Hsin University." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/uhm9k9.
Full textAbstract:
碩士世新大學
新聞學研究所(含碩專班)
102
In recent years, international volunteers engaged in growing numbers, past studies mostly started with such concept “service-learning”, however, the meaning and impact of international volunteers has changed in the context of the Internet, globalization and modernity. This article started from liquid modernity as the point of view, focuses on concepts of self-reflexivity and capital theory, interviewed 12 AIESEC participants in Shih Hsin University. This study found each esteem on self-reflexivity in returnees, and also found it opened a whole-new faith and developed life-style and strategies on students, meanwhile, accumulation and recreation of capital for students are observed during international volunteered society.
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Esteves, Laura Emilie. "Project management in nonprofit organizations." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/28464.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de mestrado em Engenharia IndustrialThe third sector is made of nonprofit organizations (NPO), these acts on gaps that aren’t fulfilled by the public and private sector. The organizations that are in the third sector have been registering a notorious growth and have been having an important part in: the economic growth, the fight against the unemployment, social exclusion and in the local development. Forced to act on the market as social enterprises and with the need to obtain profit margins, there is a need, created by the NPO ́s, of an efficient management of their operations. That can be achieved with techniques and processes of project management. The Project Management promotes the use of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques, oriented to the pursuit of pre-defined goals, and it has been demonstrating its value in private organizations. It is in this line of though that project management can be an asset to the NPO. These work aims to study the use and impact of project management in NPOs, particularly to identify determinants associated with the adoption of project management practices in NPOs. The first step consists of: understanding the way NPO´s work, identifying the existing project management practices, processes, and, finally, to identify the good practices of project management that should be adopted by this organizations. In this sense, there were made interviews to two distinct groups - project management professionals, and NPO´s representatives. With the interviews we noticed that there are two distinct realities in project management, one focused on the skills of the PM, and the other in processes, techniques and tools. One of the main determinants of adoption of practices mentioned by professionals in this area was the lack of skills and maturity of the organization. In this way, it was created a model focused on the most important skills identified by the two groups of respondents: leadership and teamwork. This exploratory model of project management in NPOs was tested with the completion of a questionnaire on the largest international nonprofit organization run exclusively by students. The main conclusion was: the focus on competencies development of the members, specially leadership, cross-functional cooperation and team commitment, which have an impact on project results.
O terceiro sector é constituído por organizações sem fins lucrativos (OSFL) que atuam sobre lacunas não preenchidas pelo sector público e privado. As organizações que compõem o terceiro sector têm vindo a registar um crescimento notório e têm tido um papel importante no crescimento económico, na luta contra o desemprego, na exclusão social e no desenvolvimento local. Forçadas a agirem no mercado como empresas sociais com a necessidade de obterem margens de lucro, existe a necessidade de uma gestão eficiente por parte das organizações sem fins lucrativos, que poderão ser combatidas com técnicas e processos de gestão de projetos. A Gestão de projetos promove a utilização de conhecimento, competências, ferramentas e técnicas orientadas à prossecução de objetivos previamente definidos e tem vindo a demonstrar valor nas organizações do sector privado. É neste sentido que poderá ser uma mais valia para as OSFL. Desta forma, este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a utilização e o impacto da gestão de projetos em organizações sem fins lucrativos, principalmente para identificar os determinantes associados à adoção de práticas de gestão de projetos nestas organizações. O primeiro passo passará por compreender o funcionamento das OSFL, identificar as práticas, os processos, ferramentas e competências da gestão de projetos existentes e, finalmente, identificar boas práticas da gestão de projetos que devem ser adotadas por estas organizações. Neste sentido, foram realizadas entrevistas a dois grupos distintos: profissionais de gestão de projetos e representantes de OSFL. Com as entrevistas percebeu-se que existem duas realidades distintas na gestão de projetos, uma focada nas competências da GP e outra nos processos, técnicas e ferramentas. Um dos principais condicionantes de adoção de práticas apontados por profissionais desta área foi a falta de competências e maturidade da organização e foi neste sentido que se procedeu à criação de um modelo focado nas competências mais importantes e apontadas pelos dois grupo de entrevistados: liderança e trabalho de equipa. O modelo exploratório de gestão de projetos em OSFL foi testado com a realização de um questionário na maior organização internacional sem fins lucrativos gerida única e exclusivamente por estudantes. A principal conclusão obtida foi: o foco no desenvolvimento de competências nos membros, em especial a liderança, a cooperação interfuncional e o comprometimento da equipa, é determinante para os resultados do projeto.
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CHLÁDEK, Lukáš. "Marketingová komunikace ve vybraném podniku." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-251769.
Full text
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Minucci, Giuliano Antonio Vincenzo. "Automated intelligent electric engine design (AIEED) application." Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/26650.
Full textAbstract:
A research report submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master’s in Engineering to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, School of Mechanical, Industrial and Aeronautical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2018The automotive industry is experiencing a major transition with regards to powertrain where the traditional internal combustion engine is being replaced by hybrid or all-electric solutions. As a result of this transition, many powertrain engineering firms, such as Integral Powertrain, are required to adapt or develop tools to improve the quality and time to respond to the rapid increase in new electric motor enquiries. This paper details the development of the foundations of a software tool (AIEED) used to improve the time and quality of response to new motor enquiries. The foundations of the AIEED tool are built into a Microsoft Excel document which contains the necessary logic required to convert customer requirements data into geometrical design data. A series of macros are included in the tool which allow for the automated generation of a first-level computer-aided design (CAD) model of the motor, including the following components; stator, windings, rotor, magnets, housing and cover. The CAD models, which serve to improve the quality of response to new motor enquiries and provide a basis for further detailed development, are generated on the CATIA V5 design platform. In addition, the tool makes use of the CAD model to determine the estimate cost of the unit based on average material costs per unit mass defined in the materials database stored in the tool. It is estimated that the AIEED tool reduces the response time to new motor enquires by 75%. Certain assumptions and limitations have been applied such that the foundations of the tool only include support for the following motor specifications: Surface Permanent Magnet Alternating Current cylindrical radial flux motors (external stator and internal rotor). • The units are designed for 3-phase supply. • The winding configuration is limited to concentrated double layer option. • Parallel tooth, arc-bottom, semi-closed stator slot profiles. • Arc-shaped radially magnetised surface magnet rotor configuration option. A simple data verification filter is applied to minimise the potential for invalid inputs. However, a full validation and verification process is recommended for future work. In addition, it is recommended that the tool be expanded to support additional motor types and specifications as well as package the foundations into a single, easy-to-use utility.
XL2019
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Lai, Yi-Wen, and 賴怡文. "Complexing AIEE-Active Tetraphenylthiophene Fluorophore to Poly(N-Isopropyl acrylamide)." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17438455477574525325.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中山大學
材料與光電科學學系研究所
100
In this article, a multiple-responsive polymer micelles system was constructed by using ionic bond to link the hydrophobic tetraphenylthiophene (TP) fluorophores, which possess the property of aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE), with the hydrophilic poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM). The susceptibility of the ionic ammonium-sulfonate (Am-Sul) bonds towards metal ions, acid and base triggered the AIEE-operative fluorescence (FL) response. To exercise the idea, PNIPAM with sulfonate terminal was primarily prepared to react with TP-derivatives functionalized with ammonium groups to generate polymer complex of TP-PNIPAM. When in water, the polymer complex TP-PNIPAM formed micelles with the aggregated TP core interconnecting the hydrophilic PNIPAM shell by the ionic Am-Sul bonds. With the operative AIEE effect, the aggregated TP core of the micelles fluoresced but upon the additions of metal ions, acid and base, the ionic bonds dissociated to result in the collapse of the micelles and the FL quenching. A novel fluorogenic sensor capable to respond to multi-stimuli was therefore constructed. Amphiphilic micelle systems with the hydrophilic poly(N-isopropyl amide) (PNIPAM) shell and the hydrophobic tetraphenylthiophene (TP), which has the novel aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) feature, core inter-connected by ionic bonds were prepared in this study to explore the AIEE-operative emission response towards critical micelle concentration (CMC) and lower critical solution temperature (LCST). To exercise the idea, TP functionalized ammonium cations and PNIPAM with terminal sulfonate group were individually prepared and mixed together to yield three amphiphilic TP-PNIPAM complexes with different hydrophobic TP to the hydrophilic PNIPAM (x/y) ratios. When in aqueous solution, TP-PNIPAMs form micelles with the aggregated TP core, which emits strongly due to the operative AIEE effect, encompassed by the PNIPAM shell. The resultant CMC and LCST of the TP-PNIPAM micelles can be varied by changing the hydrophobic to the hydrophilic x/y ratio and can be monitored by the AIEE-dominant fluorescence responses towards concentration and temperature variables.
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Sicard, Jean-Félix. "Étude de l’effet des sucres dérivés du mucus et du régulateur NagC sur la formation de biofilm d’E. coli de différents pathotypes incluant les E. coli adhérentes et invasives (AIEC)." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21068.
Full text
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Ossa, Juan C. "Identifying Mechanisms Used by Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli Associated with Crohn Disease to Evade the Immune System." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/32615.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) is a pathogen isolated from the ileum of patients with CD. IFNγ is a key mediator of immunity, which regulates inflammatory responses to microbial infections. Previously, we showed enterohemorrhagic E. coli prevents STAT1 activation.
Aims: To determine; 1) whether activation of STAT1 by IFNγ was prevented following AIEC infection, and 2) define the mechanisms used.
Methods: Human epithelial cells were infected with AIEC strains or other pathogenic and commensal E. coli strains. Following infection, cells were stimulated with IFNγ. Activation of STAT1, was monitored by immunoblotting.
Results: AIEC strains prevented STAT1 phosphorylation in response to IFNγ. Effect required live bacteria with active protein synthesis. A bacterial product was responsible for blocking STAT1 signalling and interfered with downstream signalling cascades.
Conclusion: Suppression of epithelial cell STAT1 signal transduction by AIEC strains represents a novel mechanism by which the pathogen evades host immune responses to the infection.
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Lingenfelder, Melanie. "The relationship between government support and the sustainability of the South African automotive industry." Diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26734.
Full textAbstract:
In the early 1990s the South African automotive sector was regarded as ineffective, uncompetitive and dependent on heavy tariff protection for survival. The government’s policy support through the Motor Industry Development Programme lowered tariffs and provided strong support for exports, while the production incentives of the Automotive Production Development Programme reinforced the vision that the long-term development of the sector will best be served through considerable increases in production volumes and accelerated growth. The population consisted of the seven OEMs and the 110 First Tier Suppliers. The results indicate a difference in government support between the vulnerable and non-vulnerable suppliers. The government has shown its commitment to the future of the automotive industry by policy interventions such as the Motor Industry Development Programme and the Automotive Production Development Programme. The question arises as to what extent the government’s guarantees are keeping the domestic automotive manufacturing industry sustainable? The objective of this research was to investigate the relationship between government support and the sustainability of the South African automotive industry. The conclusion of the study is that the South African automotive industry and its suppliers would not be able to survive without continued government support.Business Management
M. Com. (Business Management)
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SEPEHRI, SHADI. "Microbial etiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Microbial diversity and the role of Escherichia coli." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/3977.
Full textAbstract:
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprises Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), and is a chronic relapsing inflammation of gastrointestinal tract without any known cause or cure. Currently, it is accepted that IBD is a result of a dysfunctional immune response to commensal bacteria in a genetically susceptible host, and that environmental factors can trigger the onset or reactivation of the disease. This thesis considers the possibility of a specific pathogenic agent as well as an imbalance in the composition of the normal microflora in the pathogenesis of IBD. Gut biopsy tissues were taken from a population-based case-control tissue bank held at the University of Manitoba. Automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms (T-RFLP) were employed to assess the diversity of gut microbiota. The phylogenetic, virulence and biochemical characteristics of Escherichia coli isolated from IBD biopsies were examined using multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), DNA microarray technology and API 20E system. Utilizing ARISA and T-RFLP, a remarkable increase in the order of unclassified Clostridia was detected in inflamed tissues, particularly in CD patients (P < 0.05). Moreover, species richness and diversity were the highest in non-inflamed IBD biopsies. Culture-based quantification detected a significantly higher number of E. coli in IBD tissues (P < 0.05). Phylogenetic analysis revealed the tendency of E. coli isolated from IBD patients to be grouped into separate clonal clusters based on their allelic profiles (P = 0.02). A link was detected between uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) CFT073 and strains isolated from IBD, with regards to gene distribution and virulence, using microarray technology. Amino acid substitutions N91S and S99N in FimH, the adhesive subunit of E. coli type I fimbria, were significantly associated to IBD (P < 0.05). This study demonstrated an increase in the microbial diversity of non-inflamed IBD tissues and suggested a recruitment phase of bacterial adherence and colonization, before the inflammation sets in. Furthermore, E. coli isolated from IBD tissues were distinct from commensal strains in both clonal and virulence characteristics and shared remarkable traits with extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli. Features involved in bacterial adhesion to epithelial cells may hold the key to E. coli pathogenesis in IBD.
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Khan, Faizal. "The impact of South African automotive policy changes on the domestic leather industry." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21822.
Full textAbstract:
The South African leather industry has undergone a significant transformation since
the 1990’s and this can be attributed primarily owing to two major factors that
occurred. The first being trade liberalisation, which meant the fall of trade barriers,
and the second being the Motor Industry Development Programme (MIDP), which
was implemented in South Africa on 1 September 1995. The MIDP was implemented
in the context of the country’s political and economic liberalisation, and the major
structural shift in government policy and the trade regime.
South Africa became much more globally integrated and the South African leather
industry benefited because of this, as well as the incentives that was offered under
the MIDP. Automotive exports of stitched leather seat parts responded positively to
the incentives offered under the MIDP and stitched leather seat parts, as a
component under the MIDP, became one of the best performing components being
exported from South Africa.
The MIDP had been terminated at the end of 2012 and is now being followed by
government’s latest rendition of automotive policy, namely the Automotive
Production and Development Programme (APDP). The APDP focuses on value
addition, which pursues beneficiation of the country’s raw materials to the final
stages, to ensure maximum benefit to the South African economy. The findings of
the study entail that the South African leather industry is now in a vulnerable state
because of the new automotive policy. This is mainly because the APDP does not
provide the same level, or type, of incentives that the MIDP had provided to the
industry.Business Management
M. Com. (Business Management)
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