Academic literature on the topic 'Air bellows'

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Journal articles on the topic "Air bellows"

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Chen, Jun-Jie, Zhi-Hong Yin, Subhash Rakheja, Jiang-Hua He, and Kong-Hui Guo. "Theoretical modelling and experimental analysis of the vertical stiffness of a convoluted air spring including the effect of the stiffness of the bellows." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 232, no. 4 (2017): 547–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017704589.

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A new refined model including a model of the bellows to describe the vertical stiffness of a convoluted air spring is developed. The new model of a convoluted air spring incorporates the structural parameters including the effective area, the rate of change in the effective area, the effective volume, the rate of change in the effective volume and the stiffness of the bellows. Analytical models of the structural parameters of a convoluted air spring are established using a geometrical analysis approach. Two convoluted air springs (type 1B5002 and type 2B5281) are designed and manufactured for
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Currier, Frederick A., and Carl C. Herb. "Sound insulated bellows‐type air terminal valve." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 86, no. 4 (1989): 1631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.398659.

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GU, Taiping. "Equilibrium Performance Analysis for Bellows Type Air Spring." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 47, no. 03 (2011): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2011.03.069.

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Aoki, Takeshi, and Shigeo Hirose. "Development of Slime Robot Using Bridle Bellows." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 16, no. 3 (2004): 286–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2004.p0286.

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Slim Slime Robot (SSR) looked like the active cord mechanism (the snake like robot) and composed of units that can stretch, shrink and bend actively, is for several tasks in the narrow space such as moving under collapsed houses and inspection of pipelines at plants. In this paper, we propose new concept, it is named “Bridle Drive.” And we developed the prototype model of the units of the SSR-II. This unit has the Bridle Bellows composed of a large caliber bellows and wire lock system. Bridle Bellows is able to change shape by controlling wire length and air pressure and produces a large power
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Matsumoto, Yuta, Isao Kurashige, and Kan Yoneda. "Development of Concrete Inspection Robot with Dual Stage Suckers." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 31, no. 6 (2019): 816–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2019.p0816.

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To automate nondestructive inspections for concrete walls by measuring their air permeability, we developed a wall climbing robot with suckers. It is configured to move by alternately moving the central body and the four leg tip suckers forward. The central sucker is a triple ring type, making it useful for climbing and measuring as well as acquiring the air permeability data in the depth direction. The leg tip suckers use a sponge material to ensure good sealing with the concrete wall and are double suckers when incorporated with bellows to generate power that sticks them fast, by pressing th
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Li, Ruijun, Yongjun Wang, Pan Tao, et al. "Drift Reduction of a 4-DOF Measurement System Caused by Unstable Air Refractive Index." Sensors 20, no. 21 (2020): 6329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216329.

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Laser beam drift greatly influences the accuracy of a four degrees of freedom (4-DOF) measurement system during the detection of machine tool errors, especially for long-distance measurement. A novel method was proposed using bellows to serve as a laser beam shield and air pumps to stabilize the refractive index of air. The inner diameter of the bellows and the control mode of the pumps were optimized through theoretical analysis and simulation. An experimental setup was established to verify the feasibility of the method under the temperature interference condition. The results indicated that
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Yamaguchi, Daisuke, Tatsuya Hanaki, Yuji Ishino, Masaya Takasaki, and Takeshi Mizuno. "Fabrication of a Polyimide Film Pneumatic Actuator by Molding and Welding Processes." Actuators 10, no. 8 (2021): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act10080177.

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The bellows pneumatic actuator, which is made by folding a non-stretch film, has been proposed for various applications because it is easy to fabricate and is extremely thin and light. However, it has subpar durability performance, especially in the folded part of the film. In this study, we propose an actuator with a pod structure that possesses high design flexibility and is free from folding. A method of molding a pod structure on a polyimide film was established and a pneumatic actuator was successfully fabricated by using PI films. Two types of PI film pneumatic actuators with the same cu
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Enhorning, Goran, Sandrijn van Schaik, Claes Lundgren, and Ida Vargas. "Whole-body plethysmography, does it measure tidal volume of small animals?" Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 76, no. 10-11 (1998): 945–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y99-002.

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A whole-body plethysmograph was used for mice. The increase in pressure caused by each inhalation was equivalent to the increase that could be calculated to result from heating and humidification of the inhaled air. However, comprehending that a drop in temperature and humidity would cause an abrupt pressure decline during exhalation was difficult. Pressure changes in the plethysmograph were also studied with an artificial chest, modeling the respiratory mechanics, but without the "inhaled" air being heated or humidified. The "chest" consisted of a metal bellows oscillated by a stepper motor 2
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Imai, Tatsunori, Daisuke Watanabe, and Toshiaki Yachi. "Analysis of Air Supply in Bellows-Type DMFC by Three-Dimensional Simulation." ECS Transactions 17, no. 1 (2019): 491–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3142779.

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Li, Hongguang, Konghui Guo, Shuqi Chen, Wei Wang, and Fuzhong Cong. "Design of Stiffness for Air Spring Based on ABAQUS." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/528218.

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In this paper, an axisymmetric finite element (FE) model of an air spring was carried out with the software ABAQUS to design its target vertical stiffness. The bellows was simulated by the reinforced surface element. The compressed gas in the cavity of the air spring was represented by the hydrostatic fluid element. The target stiffness is obtained by modifying the valid area of the cross section. At last, the results of experiment coincided well with the simulation data. The study shows that the static stiffness of air spring is sensitive to the effective area of the cross section. The conclu
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Air bellows"

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Sortti, Leif. "Modellering av luftbälgar för simulering i Adams Car." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-225876.

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På Scania RTCC önskas högre kontroll och precision på dess luftbälgar vid simulering i AdamsCar. Därför har uppdrag tagits fram för att modellera luftbälgar från dragbilens hytt ochhjulupphängning. Till arbetet ingick test av tre luftbälgar som genomgick belastningsmätning i rigg. Modellens struktur togs fram av tre delar som empirisk areamodell Ae, teoretisk tryckmodell P’och empirisk volymmodell VK. Empirisk modell av effektiva arean Ae togs från mätningarna så samband mellan tryck ochkraft kan användas. För att undvika reglerteknisk modellering försummas hysteresen såmodellen blir reversib
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Lai, Din-Jan, and 賴錠正. "The development and finite element analysis of bellows air spring." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97642610387836972500.

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碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>工程科學系<br>88<br>Nowadays, air springs are wildly used as a suspension system in public transportation, such as trucks, trains, etc… The work was attempted to develop an bellows air spring mold from original design and amending process by using a small size air spring bag. The casting mold has been selected, and the inner part of air spring was produced by pneumatic air spring bag in this research. Besides, in order to predict the load/deflection curve of an air spring, finite element analysis method was selected, and the ANSYS software was used as an analyzing tool. H
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Books on the topic "Air bellows"

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Martínez, César Delgado. Aportaciones del INBA al desarrollo artístico de Nayarit. Consejo Estatal para la Cultura y las Artes de Nayarit, 2011.

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Varanini, Gian Maria, ed. Deformità fisica e identità della persona tra medioevo ed età moderna. Firenze University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-846-0.

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Negli ultimi decenni, la storiografia europea si è occupata attivamente della storia del corpo, dando così spessore e consapevolezza a potenti sollecitazioni provenienti dalla cultura dominante nella società affluente. Non solo dunque il corpo ‘bello’ è stato oggetto di ricerca, ma anche il corpo dell’uomo comune, mutilato, deforme e imperfetto. Il volume, attraverso sondaggi nelle fonti giuridico-normative, anagrafiche, iconografiche, letterarie e nei trattati medici e fisiognomici e la partecipazione di alcuni dei maggiori specialisti internazionali nel campo, intende approfondire queste tem
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Radner, Hilary, and Alistair Fox. Formative Influences. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474422888.003.0006.

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In this section of the interview, Bellour describes how he began to engage in film analysis in the 1960s, beginning with a sequence from Alfred Hitchcock’s The Birds, with the aim of establishing the way it worked as a “text.” He proceeds to describe his personal encounters with major figures like Roland Barthes, Claude Lévi-Strauss, Michel Foucault, and his friendship with Christian Metz, suggesting how his interchanges with them helped to shape his own thinking, and how it diverged from theirs.
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Kameri-Mbote, Patricia, Alexander Paterson, Oliver C. Ruppel, Bibobra Bello Orubebe, and Emmanuel D. Kam Yogo, eds. Law | Environment | Africa. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845294605.

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Law | Environment | Africa compiles the proceedings of the 5th Symposium and the 4th Scientific Conference of the Association of Environmental Law Lecturers from African Universities (ASSELLAU) in cooperation with the Climate Policy and Energy Security Programme for Sub-Saharan Africa run by the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). The book’s aim is to explore, review and analyse recent developments at the point where the law and the environment in Africa overlap. The collection comprises 32 chapters by legal experts from central, eastern, souther
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Julien, Biron, ed. Français 3. 2nd ed. Lidec, 1988.

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Georges, Pelletier, ed. Francais 3: Cahier d'activites - 1re partie. Lidec, 1988.

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Francais 3: Recueil de textes - 1re partie. Lidec, 1988.

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Georges, Pelletier, ed. Francais 3: Recueil de textes - 2e partie. Lidec, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Air bellows"

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Kawashima, Kenji, and Toshinori Fujita. "Precise Position Stages Using Pneumatically Driven Bellows Actuator and Cylinder Equipped with Air Bearings." In Next-Generation Actuators Leading Breakthroughs. Springer London, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-991-6_7.

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Magee, Patrick, and Mark Tooley. "Gas pressure, Volume and Flow Measurement." In The Physics, Clinical Measurement and Equipment of Anaesthetic Practice for the FRCA. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199595150.003.0018.

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The physics of pressure, flow and the gas laws have been discussed in Chapter 7 in relation to the behaviour of gas and vapour. This section will focus on the physical principles of the measurement of gas pressure, volume and flow. Unlike a liquid, a gas is compressible and the relationship between pressure, volume and flow depends on the resistance to gas flow (or impedance if there is a frequency dependence between pressure and flow in alternating flow, see Chapter 4 for the electrical analogy of this) in conduits (bronchi, anaesthetic tubing); it also depends on the compliance of structures being filled and emptied (alveoli, reservoir bags, tubing or bellows). Normal breathing occurs by muscular expansion of the thorax, thus lowering the intrathoracic pressure, allowing air or anaesthetic gas to flow towards the alveoli down a pressure gradient from atmospheric pressure. When positive pressure ventilation occurs, gas is ‘pushed’ under pressure into the alveoli. Depending on the exact relationship between the ventilator and the lungs, different relationships exist between airway pressure (rather than alveolar pressure, which cannot easily be measured) and gas flow and volume. Gas pressure measurement devices were traditionally in the form of an aneroid barometer, a hollow metal bellows calibrated for pressure and temperature, which contracts when the external pressure on it increases, and expands when it decreases. The movement is linked to a pointer and indicator dial. It is often more convenient to make the device in the shape of part of a circular section, but the principle is the same. This is what the Bourdon gauge, which commonly measures pressure in gas cylinders, looks like. The detection of movement of the diaphragm of an aneroid barometer can take several forms. The movement can either be linked via a direct mechanical linkage to a pointer, or diaphragm movement can be linked to a capacitative or inductive element in an electrical circuit, such as a Wheatstone bridge. Airway pressure during spontaneous breathing or artificial ventilation is low. The preferred units of measurement are cm H2O and the range of values is between −20 and +20 cmH2O. The aneroid barometer to measure this will therefore be of light construction, using thin copper for the bellows material.
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"Modelling of cord-rubber composites of bellow air-springs." In Constitutive Models for Rubber VIII. CRC Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b14964-116.

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Thomas, Gilles. "The belly and the viscera of the capital city." In Bellies, bowels and entrails in the eighteenth century. Manchester University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526127051.003.0002.

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This chapter explores the catacombs and sewers of Paris: a maze of underground galleries that were essential to the proper functioning of the city above them. They create a vast network that resemble the vascular, respiratory and digestive systems of the human body. Unlike London, Paris was built with the very material taken from what later became the hole-ridden foundations of the city. To prevent Paris from collapsing, Louis XVI created an administration for the inspection and maintenance of the disused underground quarries of the city and its suburbs. At the same time, the Parisians increasingly complained and petitioned against the pestilential air exhaled by the city’s graveyards, as their grounds were as swollen as the belly of a corpse under the pressure of the gases of decomposition. This led to the closure of the graveyards and the relocation of the remains in the underground ossuary of Montsouris.
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Hiro, Dilip. "Multi-front Cold War between Riyadh and Tehran." In Cold War in the Islamic World. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190944650.003.0013.

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When rebel Houthis, followers of Zaidi Shia code, captured Sanaa in September 2014, and expelled Yemen’s Sunni President Abd Rabbu al Hadi, alarm bells rang in Riyadh. Deputy Crown Prince Muhammad bin Salman led a coalition of friendly states to intervene in the Yemeni civil war in March 2015. This ignited protest by the Shias in Saudi Arabia. Their indignation intensified when, ignoring international appeals for clemency, the Saudi government executed their revered Ayatollah Nimr al Nimr in January 2016. This led to the severance of diplomatic ties between Riyadh and Tehran. In Iraq, whereas Iran dispatched its trained Shia volunteers to fight Islamic Sate in Syria and Iraq (ISIS), Riyadh lent four jet fighters to the Pentagon in Washington’s anti-ISIS campaign. When Riyadh backed Syrian opposition with cash and weapons, Russian President Vladimir Putin sent air force units to Syria, and shored up Assad’s depleted arms arsenal. With Assad’s recapture of Eastern Aleppo, an opposition stronghold, in December 2016, Iran established superiority over Riyadh in Syria. In July 2015, Iran and six major world powers signed an accord on Tehran’s denuclearization program, titled Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). It won universal approval except by Saudi Arabia and Israel.
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Patey, Luke. "Few Illusions Left." In How China Loses. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190061081.003.0006.

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For decades, Germany accepted a trade-off of technology for market access when its multinational corporations invested in China. What has changed in recent years is that China’s model of political authoritarianism and state capitalism is reaching out to the world. Increasingly competitive in China, Chinese multinationals have busied themselves with entering overseas markets and buying foreign corporations. China’s aim is to climb the global competitiveness ladder through its “Made in China 2025” policy and lead production in higher-value goods and services in the automotive, aviation, machinery, robotics, and other industries. Standing in direct competition with German industry, this set off alarm bells in Berlin. China’s investment restrictions and controls at home, coupled with its targeted investment abroad, antagonized relations in Berlin and other European capitals. New policies to protect German and European corporations from foreign takeover, and efforts to reform the World Trade Organization, have grown as this lack of reciprocity has been exposed.
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Agrawal, Ravi. "Big Brothers: Internet Shutdowns and Internet.org." In India Connected. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190858650.003.0013.

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The rat-a-tat of automatic gunfire burst through the morning air in Anantnag. For the locals of this troubled district in the south of Kashmir, it came as a shock but no longer a surprise. Separatist militants had once again clashed with army forces. Several civilians were caught in the crossfire. One died; three others were wounded. It was Saturday, July 1, 2017. Hours earlier, at midnight, India had adopted a new national sales tax, designed to stitch the country’s twentynine states together into one economic union. The new system—known as the Goods and Services Tax, or GST—was heralded as an economic reform that would spur growth, enlarge the tax base, and make it easier to do business. Kashmir was the only state still debating whether to join. It was a symbolic outlier. Some distance from the gunfire, sixteen-year-old Zeyan Shafiq was just waking up. He hadn’t heard the shooting; his home was well insulated. When he opened his eyes, he told me, the first thing he did was to reach for his iPhone. He looked at the screen and sighed. The wireless internet at home was down. So was mobile data. Shafiq got out of bed, put on his slippers, and shuffled toward the front door, where he knew he would have a stronger mobile signal. No luck. He couldn’t catch the internet. Shafiq looked up at the skies, opened his lungs, and let out a bellow of frustration. For Shafiq, it was easy to guess what had happened. There must have been what locals called an encounter—a skirmish between Kashmiri separatists and the state. These days, encounters were inevitably followed by the government shutting down the internet. The digital blackouts weren’t aimed at stopping separatists or terrorists from communicating. They were usually already dead. The shutdowns were to prevent people from sharing videos and photos of the violence on social media. In effect, 13 million Kashmiris were collateral damage, unable to do something as simple as check email. There was a time when curfews were merely physical, imposed with barbed wire, barriers, and troops on the streets.
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Jann K, Kleffner. "3 Scope of Application of International Humanitarian Law." In The Handbook of International Humanitarian Law. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198847960.003.0003.

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This chapter addresses the scope of application of international humanitarian law. International humanitarian law regulates, and as a rule applies in times of, armed conflicts. Accordingly, it is also referred to as the law of armed conflict or jus in bello. The three interchangeable terms denote the only branch of public international law that is specifically designed to strike a balance during armed conflicts between preserving humanitarian values, on the one hand, and considerations of military necessity, on the other by protecting those who do not or no longer directly participate in hostilities and by limiting the right of parties to the conflict to use armed force only to the amount necessary to achieve the aim of the conflict, which is to weaken the military potential of the enemy. While international humanitarian law specifically regulates situations of armed conflicts, it does not automatically supersede all other areas of public international law in the event of an armed conflict. The chapter then focuses on the law enforcement aspects, the continued relevance of rules of international law of peace during armed conflict, and the relevance of humanitarian law in peacetime and post-conflict military operations.
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"The Dictionary as an Aid in Belles Lettres Wörterbücher als Hilfsmittel für Dichter und Schriftsteller Le dictionnaire aux mains des écrivains." In Wörterbücher / Dictionaries / Dictionnaires, Part 1, edited by Franz Josef Hausmann, Oskar Reichmann, Herbert Ernst Wiegand, and Ladislav Zgusta. Walter de Gruyter, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110095852.1.2.146.

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Conference papers on the topic "Air bellows"

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Chin, Robin, Elizabeth T. Hsiao-Wecksler, and Eric Loth. "Fluid-Power Harvesting by Pneumatic Bellow During Human Gait." In ASME 2008 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the Heat Transfer, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2008-55211.

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In this paper, we describe power and pressure characteristics of bellows designed for under-foot power harvesting during human walking for a single cycle. This single cycle corresponds to the typical human gait cycle (heel-strike and stance on the floor to toe-off and free swing to subsequent re-contact with the floor, with a total duration of about one second). A bellow can be placed in a shoe insole and compressed during initial heel strike or during the mid-stance portion of the gait cycle. The compressed fluid can then be used for power applications during the remaining portion of the cycl
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Grinspon, A. Sahaya. "Liftable Auxiliary Axle for a Multi Axle Vehicle: A Review." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86085.

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Retractable suspension system is used to lift the auxiliary axle of a multi axle vehicle. The article summarizes the current state of knowledge of the lifting mechanisms, which are used for lifting and lowering the auxiliary axle. Various designs of liftable axle are described. To proper use of the auxiliary axle, important guidelines are given for suppliers, OEMs and customers. Several viable steerable and non-steerable liftable axles are developed with various load carrying capacities using air bellows. In these liftable axles, the air bellows expands when compressed air is supplied to the a
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Nakamura, Kyotada, Seitaro Ogiso, Michiaki Suzuki, and K. Umeki. "Development of Double Metal Bellows Air Pressure Spring With Lead Rubber Bearing Type 3-Dimensional Seismic Isolator." In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1428.

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A new simple 3-dimensional seismic isolator concept for a commercial fast breeder reactor (FBR) building was proposed. The isolator consists of common reliable industrial parts, metallic bellows and lead rubber bearing (LRB). Air pressurized metallic bellows is for vertical isolation and LRB is for horizontal. The isolation frequencies are 0.5Hz for horizontal and 0.56Hz for vertical respectively. The maximum vertical displacement to absorb is 400mm and the vertical load of 9807kN should be supported per each isolator. A conceptual design was performed for these design requirements and a scale
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Zhang, Yilong, Huirong Huang, Rongrong Chen, and Minghui He. "Studies on modeling a single-bellows air spring and simulating its inherent characteristics." In 5th International Conference on Information Engineering for Mechanics and Materials. Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icimm-15.2015.284.

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A. Takata, Sandra, Jeffery B. Hackworth, and Doug McConnell. "Airborne And Ground Geophysical Surveys For Locating And Mapping Underground Storage Tanks At Bellows Air Force Station, Hawaii: An Integrated Approach." In 14th EEGS Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.192.chp_1.

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Takata, Sandra A., Jeffery B. Hackworth, and Doug McConnell. "Airborne and Ground Geophysical Surveys for Locating and Mapping Underground Storage Tanks at Bellows Air Force Station, Hawaii: An Integrated Approach." In Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2001. Environment and Engineering Geophysical Society, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4133/1.2922867.

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Tehara, Satoshi, Hisashi Naoi, Hideki Okada, and Makoto Osaku. "Deformation Behavior of Bellows Pipes for Laying Cables Under Ground by Axial Load and Bending Moment." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80622.

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Recently, electricity demand is rising steeply with advance of science. Additionally quantity of cables such as telephone and optical fiber is rising with communications development and increase of residence. These cables are untidily wired in the air with telephone pole. They impair cityscape and disturb pedestrian safety. Therefore improvement of procedures installing cables is requested. In order to solve it, the plan [1] which buries cables protected in pipes under ground is progressing. They are called buried pipes and consist of straight pipe made from stainless steel or plastic. However
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Seppänen, Tommi, Jouni Alhainen, Esko Arilahti, and Jussi Solin. "Strain Waveform Effects for Low Cycle Fatigue in Simulated PWR Water." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65374.

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In order to perform design code (ASME III, RCC-M, JSME) compatible direct strain-controlled tests in simulated PWR water, a unique environmental fatigue testing facility was previously developed. Pneumatic bellows are used to generate strain in the stainless steel specimen mid-section, while eddy current based measurement is used as a feedback signal. The NUREG/CR-6909 report gathered a large database of test results and proposed environmental reduction factors (Fen) to account for a reduction in fatigue life in simulated LWR environment when comparing to a reference value in air. The database
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Steinbrink, Scott E., Mahesh C. Aggarwal, and Kapilla I. M. Shepherd. "Linear and Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of an Exhaust Manifold With Included Bellows." In ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2007-26361.

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The aim of this paper is to examine the utility of nonlinear analysis for structural response to thermal and mechanical loads, for a structure containing alternating regions of high and low stiffness as a result of inclusion of bellow sections. Utility is measured by comparison of results of linear and nonlinear analyses. The specific example used is that of an exhaust manifold for a large diesel engine. The paper discusses modeling of geometric and material nonlinearity, and makes recommendations in regard to which nonlinear effects are thought to be significant, based on the linear/nonlinear
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Temani, Ahmed, Abdennour C. Seibi, Majdi Chaari, Abdelkader Bouabdallah, and Rachid Nasri. "Failure Analysis of a Bellow at the Exhaust of a Diesel Engine on Board of an FPSO." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-72284.

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Floating Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) units are floating vessels used by the oil and gas industry offshore for the production and processing of hydrocarbons as well as storage of oil. It is equipped with the required facilities to produce, process, and store produced fluids. Among the equipment on board of the FPSO are pumps used to inject water or pump crude oil. This FPSO is fitted with seven positive displacement pumps powered by diesel engines; three for water injection and four for power fluid. At the exhaust of the driving engines, stainless steel bellows experienced frequen
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