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Journal articles on the topic 'Air Circuit Breaker'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 September 2023

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1

Barukin, A. S., M. Ya Kletsel, A. Zh Dinmukhanbetova, and D. A. Amirbek. "Introduction of an Auxiliary Breaker into the Generator-Transformer Block for Energy Saving in Open Switchgear Circuits of Power Plants." ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 66, no. 4 (August 8, 2023): 333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2023-66-4-333-343.

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A need in finding of new ways of energy saving at open switchgears of power plants is substantiated. In order to increase energy saving efficiency, an auxiliary breaker is suggested to be inserted between a transformer of a block and its two high-voltage circuit breakers. The reasonability of such an insertion is proved on the basis of comparing of calculations resultsof under-discharge of electricity (UE) by the tabular-logical method (Yu. B. Guk) of the obtained schemes and of the traditional ones. For the calculations, the conditions that arose due to the change in the main circuit of a power plant are studied. Also, equations are given for calculation of a decrease in UE, damage due to it during reconstruction, and costs for the construction of a power plant (the costs are assumed to be the same in all options). Russian statistical data and the predicted failure rate λEV of a 750 kV SF6 circuit breaker are used. An option of the introduction of an SF6 circuit breaker with and without replacement of other circuit breakers with SF6 circuit breakers is considered. The results of calculations of UE, damage, and costs for the introduction suggested are tabulated, where changes in them due to the introduction of the circuit breaker are estimated for 18 ring circuits and 17 “3/2” and “4/3” circuits of 330–750 kV switchgears at condensation, nuclear, and hydroelectric power plants. It is demonstrated that the presence of a generator breaker in the blocks makes it possible to reduce these energy-saving efficiency indicators several times. A technique for determining the failure rate of a hypothetical circuit breaker, which, in the case of traditional replacement, is capable of producing the same effect as an SF6 circuit breaker inserted is proposed. An example of determining this frequency is given. Results of the calculated reduction of UE, damage and costs for the case of an air circuit breaker having been substituted to an SF6 circuit breaker are presented.

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2

Goh, Hui Hwang, Sy yi Sim, Nur Iskandar Bin Hamzah, Sulaiman bin Mazlan, Chin Wan Ling, Qing Shi Chua, and Kai Chen Goh. "Types of Circuit Breaker and its Application in Substation Protection." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 8, no. 1 (October 1, 2017): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v8.i1.pp213-220.

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Power system consists of the generation, transmission, distribution, and substation. All the power system component requires suitable protection devices as the protection system to protect the system during fault occur. In this paper, the circuit breaker has been selected as one of the protection devices in several applications. The types of circuit breaker that has been reviewed in this paper are oil circuit breaker (OCB), air circuit breaker (ACB), sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) circuit breaker, vacuum circuit breaker, and DC breaker which are hybrid DC breaker and solid-state DC breaker. Normally, the systems or the circuits disrupted or damaged by the fault. To implement the protection system in the system or circuit, the type of faults and cause of faults should be known to overcome the fault. To provide the suitable voltage for the consumer, the substation is needed to control the voltage transmitted at high voltage from the generating station. Protection system is also required in a substation.

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3

Ivo Uglešić, Igor Ivanković, and Viktor Milardić. "Transients Caused by Sequential Circuit Breaker Tripping Issued by Busbar Protection." Journal of Energy - Energija 59, no. 1-4 (August 22, 2022): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37798/2010591-4273.

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A study of transients in a high voltage substation 400/110 kV is presented in the paper. An analysis was carried out after a fault on the 110 kV busbar, which caused severe damage in the substation. Investigation was focused on a time frame of several sequential circuit breaker trippings. A first step of the study was collection of data from the primary and secondary system in the substation and the control centre. After numerous analyses of data an attempt was made to construct a precision model, which could be used in the computation. Appropriate models were developed for circuit breakers, voltage (potential) and current metering transformers, power transformers, surge arresters, overhead lines and an equivalent grid. The components of the power system can be modelled for the very particular purpose, which means that a different frequency model should be used and each element in this analysis has a specific frequency response. An attempt was made at very detailed modelling of a power transformer, air blast and SF6 circuit breakers. Computed results of fault currents were compared with measurements captured by the disturbance recorders in the field, mainly in differential numerical relays. Different switching schemes and different tripping sequences of several 110 kV circuit breakers were analysed with a constructed model in the millisecond range. Models of circuit breaker with different types of media, air blast and SF6 gas were used in the cases investigated. Modelling of the circuit breakers’ electrical arc was an important item in all cases in order to take into account the interaction between electrical arc and circuit current during the process of current interruption. The Schwarz/Avdonin equation is applied to model the dynamic behaviour of an electric arc. The fault studied was accompanied by a large short circuit current. For this particular case two types of circuit breaker, air blast and SF 6 were modelled. An important conclusion from those analyses was that sequential tripping of several circuit breakers does not cause superposition of overvoltages, because interruption the current happens when it is passing through the zero. Even the record from the substation and the disturbances recorder proves that each particular circuit breaker was successfully opened. On that basis, focus was put only on the final opening of the breaker and its arc extinction. The conclusion can be drawn that such a substation fault should have no influence on excessive overvoltages that can threaten the insulation of components in the substation.

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4

Peng, Jin, and Xianbing Wang. "An Intelligent Control-Based Vacuum Circuit Breaker with Permanent Magnet and Dynamic Characteristic Analysis." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (April 25, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8086231.

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In the transmission and distribution of energy, circuit breaker plays a very important role. In order to fulfill the current market/user demands, they must be capable of promptly identifying the problem and isolating the problematic areas. According to the extinguishing medium used, circuit breakers are divided into the following categories: air blast, SF6, vacuum, and oil. Among others, permanent magnet (PM) based vacuum circuit breaker is also gaining popularity with each passing day and has become a crucial control and protection equipment in the modern power systems. This study proposes the pulse width modulation (PWM) intelligent control strategy for PM vacuum circuit breaker closing/opening capacitance, group charging, and movement process. For the practical implementation of this idea, dual CPUs are utilized for PM vacuum circuit breaker intelligent control components, by taking STM32F103RBT6 as the core and combining peripheral hardware circuit. PWM pulse output drives IGBT to fulfill the closing/opening capacitance group intelligent charging. On the other hand, PM circuit breaker closing/opening motion displacement signals and coil current feedback achieve closed-loop for PWM intelligent control. The experimental results show that the proposed intelligent control component and PWM intelligent control strategy effectively improve the PM circuit breaker intelligent charging and motion dynamic characteristics.

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5

Peng, Jin, and Xianbing Wang. "An Intelligent Control-Based Vacuum Circuit Breaker with Permanent Magnet and Dynamic Characteristic Analysis." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (April 25, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8086231.

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In the transmission and distribution of energy, circuit breaker plays a very important role. In order to fulfill the current market/user demands, they must be capable of promptly identifying the problem and isolating the problematic areas. According to the extinguishing medium used, circuit breakers are divided into the following categories: air blast, SF6, vacuum, and oil. Among others, permanent magnet (PM) based vacuum circuit breaker is also gaining popularity with each passing day and has become a crucial control and protection equipment in the modern power systems. This study proposes the pulse width modulation (PWM) intelligent control strategy for PM vacuum circuit breaker closing/opening capacitance, group charging, and movement process. For the practical implementation of this idea, dual CPUs are utilized for PM vacuum circuit breaker intelligent control components, by taking STM32F103RBT6 as the core and combining peripheral hardware circuit. PWM pulse output drives IGBT to fulfill the closing/opening capacitance group intelligent charging. On the other hand, PM circuit breaker closing/opening motion displacement signals and coil current feedback achieve closed-loop for PWM intelligent control. The experimental results show that the proposed intelligent control component and PWM intelligent control strategy effectively improve the PM circuit breaker intelligent charging and motion dynamic characteristics.

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6

Pana, L. "Simulation of protection functions in LV shipboard electrical power systems." Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy XXV, no. 1 (August 15, 2022): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21279/1454-864x-22-i1-001.

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The basic function of a shipboard electric power systems is to supply all consumers, both essential and non-essential, with electrical energy, as economically as possible and with an acceptable degree of quality. A shipboard electrical power system comprises three principal subsystems: generation (naval power plant-island mode plant), distribution and protection and automation. During operation all these subsystems may be affected by faults. In this aim all electrical installations on shipboards are to be protected against over-currents due to short- circuits or accidental overloads. The new ABB air circuit-breakers Emax 2 and Tmax T series can be used both as main circuit-breaker in low voltage generation and distribution systems. In addition to protection, the new air ABB circuit-breakers offer possibility of communication which are particularly suitable for automation, control, measurements, grid analysis, and energy savings. ABB Relays are high-performance electronic units for these circuit breakers. Their basic function is to monitor and protect the electric systems against fault current. The units also includes: measuring, data storage, communication, self-test, load control and zone selectivity functions for these circuit-breakers. This paper presents the analysis of protections and simulates how to trigger protections within shipboard power systems.

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7

Aloni, Ankit. "Smart Circuit Breaker." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 31, 2021): 3152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37097.

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This project is to supply single phase home appliances. This project is used for an alternative for MCB. MCB is fault current protective device which trip on fault current which flows in the circuit. MCB are based on the thermal bimetallic trip mechanism which is very slow and tripping time is based upon percentage of overloads MCB having bimetallic trip which gets derated after some mechanical operation and cause unwanted tripping. All the above faults will be overcome by smart circuit breakers which provide all types of protection such as overload, under voltage, high temperature and short circuit protection, this type of protection is necessary because, now days all, appliance such as LCD, Air conditioner, Refrigerator, etc consist of electronic circuitry which is voltage sensitive and get damage at voltage fluctuation. This project also monitors and display fault on LCD and stores the data for further action. Smart circuit breaker is fast acting and sense relay as fast as possible and trips the relay within 100msec. than MCB which takes 1000msec. to 1600msec. In addition to that LM 35 temperature sensor is also interface to microcontroller by if temperature exceed 550C microcontroller will trip the relay. The intention to use temperature sensor is to detect fire hazard in domestic purpose as well as commercial purpose.

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8

Tsang, Ton, and Cheung Yip Kan. "Circuit Break Connect Monitoring to 5G Mobile Application." International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology 13, no. 5 (October 31, 2021): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijcsit.2021.13505.

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Along by a continuous improvement to composite electronic devices, a safety to technicians takes additionally become the matter to good concern, as a result to technicians' lives is in jeopardy while their work through shutting down circuit breakers, even that even once the breaker takes been switched off, someone will inadvertently flip to while a technician remains working. That should be a system to guarantee safety that technicians. Also, individuals do not love switching all the time toward turn on / off appliances like fans/lighting/air conditioners. It ends in wasted energy thanks to unnecessarily placing the instrument. To address these issues, we tend to come up through the system through mobile app-controlled circuit breakers that degrade wireless management to home appliances to hunt down a golem app. That replaces a traditional breaker through the mobile app-controlled system in the on / off system, where no one will activate the breaker, while not the word. The remote of home appliances helps a user to save electricity. That enhances a quality of life and luxury. Additionally, a system includes the home security mechanism against drone intrusion using the mobile app-controlled door lock system besides the mechanism that sleuthing dangerous gas leaks. A formation of the system subtracts the degree of victim associate ESP 32 microcontroller, the Bluetooth module, matrix 4x4 keyboards, and the paraffin gas detector associate with a golem mobile application. The entire system is usually compact systems.

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9

Tonmitr, Norrawit, Kazuki Ganaha, Eiji Kaneko, and Takehiro Hayashida. "Study on Factor of the Quenching Performance on the Polymer Material Characteristics of an Air Circuit Breaker." Key Engineering Materials 718 (November 2016): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.718.15.

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Usage of polymer materials in a quenching chamber is one of the most effective methods of improving performance of an air circuit breaker [1, 2]. During a high current interruption in the air circuit breaker, an arc discharge touches the insulator, and ablation gasses are emitted [3]. It is considered that the quenching performance and an arc characteristic are affected by this ablation gasses. In order to clarify the quenching performance of each polymer material, we are conducting the experiments. With these experiments, the relationships of the ablation gasses among the number of arcing cycles, arcing peak voltage, arcing conductances, and the pressure rise will be discussed with four kinds of polymer materials.

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10

Zhang, Jun Fang, Yao Fang, Zhi Gang Li, and Yan Yan Luo. "Miniature Circuit Breaker Electromagnetic Release Simulation and Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 392 (September 2013): 398–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.392.398.

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With the three-dimensional field analysis software Ansoft, we establish three-dimensional finite element model of the electromagnetic release, obtain the electromagnetic release static characteristics of electromagnetic force by simulation, and analyze the relationship between the electromagnetic force, the short-circuit current and the air gap size. By Analyzing the dynamic characteristics of moving iron core, different short-circuit currents influence on the velocity and displacement of the moving iron core was gained.

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11

Ma, Shao Hua, and Chuang Liu. "TDV10 Type Vacuum Circuit Breaker Electromagnetic Operating Mechanism Design." Advanced Materials Research 912-914 (April 2014): 799–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.912-914.799.

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TDV10 upright type vacuum circuit breaker is mainly used for electric locomotive running in the process of main circuit disconnection and connection, and also applied in the overload protection and short circuit protection.And TDV10 type operating mechanism is pneumatic, pneumatic structure because of its complex structure, cylinder work noise, air leakage risk, now a electromagnetic operating mechanism is designed to replace the pneumatic institution.TDV10 type circuit breaker through analysis the principle and performance parameters of the comparison, put forward the feasibility in theory, and gives the basic design of the electromagnetic mechanism and external circuit.Using Ansoft software design agency for static and dynamic simulation analysis of magnetic field. Through the analysis and comparison of the curve of each parameter, verify the feasibility of the design.

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12

Matsumura, Toshiro, Shuichi Hirata, Evenson Calixte, and Yasunobu Yokomizu. "Current interruption capability of H2–air hybrid model circuit breaker." Vacuum 73, no. 3-4 (April 2004): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2003.12.068.

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13

Sun, Hao, Mingzhe Rong, Zhexin Chen, Chao Hou, and Yushu Sun. "Investigation on the Arc Phenomenon of Air DC Circuit Breaker." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 42, no. 10 (October 2014): 2706–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2014.2343257.

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14

CHEN, D., L. JI, Y. WANG, and Y. LIU. "Analysis and Optimization for the Operating Mechanism of Air Circuit Breaker." IEICE Transactions on Electronics E91-C, no. 8 (August 1, 2008): 1280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ietele/e91-c.8.1280.

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15

Rokunohe, Toshiaki, Yoshitaka Yagihashi, Fumihiro Endo, Kenji Aoyagi, Hitoshi Saitoh, and Takashi Oomori. "Development of 72kV High Pressure Air-insulated GIS with Vacuum Circuit Breaker." IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 125, no. 12 (2005): 1270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes.125.1270.

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16

Niu, Chunping, Juwen Ding, Yi Wu, Fei Yang, Delong Dong, Xingyu Fan, and Mingzhe Rong. "Simulation and Experimental Analysis of Arc Motion Characteristics in Air Circuit Breaker." Plasma Science and Technology 18, no. 3 (March 2016): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1009-0630/18/3/05.

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17

Li, Xingwen, Yunfeng Wang, Qian Wang, Jianyu Qu, and Hongwu Liu. "Experimental Study on Contact Behavior of Tilted Contact in Air Circuit Breaker." IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology 8, no. 3 (March 2018): 343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcpmt.2017.2752299.

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18

Ma, Ruiguang, Mingzhe Rong, Fei Yang, Yi Wu, Hao Sun, Duanlei Yuan, Haiyan Wang, and Chunping Niu. "Investigation on Arc Behavior During Arc Motion in Air DC Circuit Breaker." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 41, no. 9 (September 2013): 2551–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2013.2273832.

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19

Yu, X., Z. Liu, Y. Chen, and Q. Feng. "Heat transfer in a high-voltage vacuum circuit breaker." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 225, no. 8 (September 29, 2011): 1099–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957650911421060.

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Thermal performance is one of the key issues of the high-voltage vacuum circuit breaker (HV VCB). However, temperature rise of a HV VCB cannot be estimated easily. This article studied heat transfer of a 126-kV/2500-A single break VCB. A three-dimensional electro-thermal coupling model of the VCB was built, where the power loss was calculated by the electro-magnetic field analysis, and was then used as the input data to predict the temperature rise for the thermal analysis. The heat transfer coefficients on the boundaries were numerically calculated by a commercial software. The electrical contact resistance as well as the thermal contact resistance was taken into account in the electro-thermal coupling model. The simulated results were validated experimentally. The results showed that power losses of conductors enveloped in the vacuum interrupter took up 63.3 per cent of the total power loss of the VCB. Thermal resistances of conducting rods were the highest. The second highest was thermal resistance of a pair of main contacts. The thermal contact resistance significantly affected temperature at two conductors where there is a contact guaranteed by springs. However, temperature of the conductors exposed in the air was only affected by the natural convection and radiation.

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20

Fang, Shuhua, Heyun Lin, S. L. Ho, Xianbing Wang, Ping Jin, Yunkai Huang, and Shiyou Yang. "Contact Parameter Computation and Analysis of Air Circuit Breaker with Permanent Magnet Actuator." Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology 8, no. 3 (May 1, 2013): 595–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/jeet.2013.8.3.595.

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21

Niu, Chunping, Juwen Ding, Fei Yang, Delong Dong, Mingzhe Rong, and Dan Xu. "The Influence of Contact Space on Arc Commutation Process in Air Circuit Breaker." Plasma Science and Technology 18, no. 5 (April 29, 2016): 460–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1009-0630/18/5/02.

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22

Rokunohe, Toshiaki, Yoshitaka Yagihashi, Fumihiro Endo, Kenji Aoyagi, Hitoshi Saitoh, and Takashi Oomori. "Development of 72-kV high-pressure air-insulated GIS with vacuum circuit breaker." Electrical Engineering in Japan 157, no. 4 (2006): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eej.20451.

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23

Jianyu Qu, Qian Wang, Junmin Zhang, Hu Zhao, Gang Wu, and Xingwen Li. "3-D Transient Finite-Element Analysis and Experimental Investigation of Short-Circuit Dynamic Stability for Air Circuit Breaker." IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology 5, no. 11 (November 2015): 1610–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcpmt.2015.2475300.

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24

Avadhoot Kittur, Dikhsita Choudhary, and Dr. Robert Michael Slepian. "Comparison of Numerical Methods for Thermal Performance Evaluation of Circuit Protection Devices in EV Application." ARAI Journal of Mobility Technology 2, no. 2 (May 13, 2022): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ajmt.1.2.9.

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With the growing demand of electric vehicles, design of circuit protection devices is now an important consideration in automobile industry. Modern day circuit protection devices have been constantly undergoing miniaturization due to requirement of minimizing the foot print for use in electrical vehicles and aerospace applications. This size reduction makes thermal management one of the most important aspects of their design. Use of numerical model to predict heat transfer can significantly reduce the cost and time required in testing physical prototypes. In this paper, three different approaches for numerically predicting temperature rise of circuit breakers are discussed and compared from the point of view of accuracy and computational effort. The three methods are 1) Finite volume based analysis in which conjugate heat transfer inside and outside the breaker is modelled by solving Navier-Stokes equations 2) Finite element based heat conduction model in which convection is modelled as boundary condition instead of solving for fluid motion, and 3) Thermal network based model which uses electrical analogy of heat transfer to solve a thermal resistance network. In the first two iterative models mentioned above, heat generation from current-carrying parts is calculated by solving Maxwell’s equations of electromagnetics by Finite element method. Eddy current losses and temperature dependence of electrical conductivity is considered in the calculation of heat loss. In all three methods, electrical and thermal contact resistances are added at appropriate locations based on analytical calculations. All three methods have been validated with temperature rise test results. In this paper, the heat loss and temperature of a molded case circuit breaker have been predicted by all three methods discussed above. It is observed that the Finite volume-based method is the most accurate amongst the three methods. It can computationally predict air motion and air temperature at critical locations. However, this additional accuracy comes at the cost of added effort in terms of additional mesh count and computation. The Finite elementbased method gives good accuracy but does not predict air temperature. The analytical network-based model is less accurate compared to other methods and relies on product expertise and experience. Based on the study, the following recommendations are made:1) The finite element-based method is best suited to evaluate designs which do not alter flow pattern significantly 2) The finite volume method is recommended to evaluate effect of flow altering design changes 3) The network-based model is recommended for initial evaluation of correct cross sections of current carrying members.

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25

Murdiya, Fri, Firdaus, Tumpal Pardede, and Eddy Hamdani. "The Properties of Nitrogen Gas Breakdown Voltage under Direct Current Positive Polarity." International Journal of Electrical, Energy and Power System Engineering 2, no. 2 (June 18, 2019): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/ijeepse.2.2.7-10.

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The type of insulation gases that are usually used in the power circuit breaker (circuit breaker) is the sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas, nitrogen (N2) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Most of the electric power systems are using insulating materials such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). Sulfur hexafluoride gas (SF6) has a higher dielectric strength than the air. However, Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas is not friendly environmentally and very impact on global warming. The purpose of this study was to test the breakdown voltage of nitrogen gas (N2) (more friendly environmental) as alternative insulation of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas. This study was used sphere and needle electrodes with a distance of 0.5-2 cm and a pressure of 1-4 bar; it was tested for 20 times. From the test results, it obtained that the breakdown voltage of sphere electrodes is more significant than the needle electrodes. Sphere and needle electrodes with a distance of 2 cm and a pressure of 4 bar have a most excellent value of breakdown voltage at the voltage of 140 kV and 79 kV, respectively.

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26

McBride, D. I., and S. Williams. "Air Blast Circuit Breaker Noise and Hearing Loss: A Multifactorial Model for Risk Assessment." Occupational Medicine 50, no. 3 (April 1, 2000): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/50.3.173.

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27

Subudhi, Mano. "Life Testing of a Low-Voltage Air Circuit Breaker to Assess Age-Related Degradation." Nuclear Technology 97, no. 3 (March 1992): 362–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nt92-a34644.

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28

Nanda, Bishnu Prasanna, and Pramod Kumar Saxena. "External Flashover of Generator Circuit Breaker in Coastal Power Plants having Air Insulated Switchyard." Journal of Automation and Control Engineering 2, no. 2 (2014): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12720/joace.2.2.119-123.

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29

Qu, Jianyu, Qian Wang, Zhiwei Liu, Hu Zhao, and Xingwen Li. "Influences of Closing Phase Angle and Frequency on Electrodynamic Stability of Air Circuit Breaker." IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology 6, no. 2 (February 2016): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcpmt.2015.2511180.

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30

Seeger, M., G. Naidis, A. Steffens, H. Nordborg, and M. Claessens. "Investigation of the dielectric recovery in synthetic air in a high voltage circuit breaker." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 38, no. 11 (May 20, 2005): 1795–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/38/11/020.

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31

XIANG, H., D. CHEN, X. LI, and W. TONG. "A New Method to Evaluate the Short-Time Withstand Current for Air Circuit Breaker." IEICE Transactions on Electronics E91-C, no. 8 (August 1, 2008): 1292–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ietele/e91-c.8.1292.

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32

Ren, Zhigang, Mingliang Wu, Fei Yang, Zhuo Yang, and Junpeng Zhang. "Numerical Study of the Arc Behavior in an Air DC Circuit Breaker Considering Turbulence." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 42, no. 10 (October 2014): 2712–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2014.2323815.

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33

Guo, Y., H. Zhang, Y. Yao, Q. Zhang, and J. D. Yan. "Mechanisms Responsible for Arc Cooling in Different Gases in Turbulent Nozzle Flow." PLASMA PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY 4, no. 3 (2017): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ppt.2017.3.234.

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A high voltage gas blast circuit breaker relies on the high speed gas flow in a nozzle to remove the energy due to Ohmic heating at high current and to provide strong arc cooling during the current zero period to interrupt a fault current. The physical mechanisms that are responsible for the hugely different arc cooling capabilities of two gases (SF<sub>6</sub> and air) are studied in the present work and important gas material properties controlling the cooling strength identified.

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34

Liu, Yingyi, Degui Chen, Haiwen Yuan, Liang Ji, Qiusheng Wang, and Ma Zhao. "Research of an improved interruption model coupling air blast for the low voltage circuit breaker." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 49, no. 2 (October 19, 2015): 299–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-150041.

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35

Li, Xingwen, Jianyu Qu, Qian Wang, Hu Zhao, and Degui Chen. "Numerical and Experimental Study of the Short-Time Withstand Current Capability for Air Circuit Breaker." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 28, no. 4 (October 2013): 2610–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2013.2265328.

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36

Rong, Mingzhe, Qiang Ma, Yi Wu, Tiejun Xu, and Anthony B. Murphy. "The influence of electrode erosion on the air arc in a low-voltage circuit breaker." Journal of Applied Physics 106, no. 2 (July 15, 2009): 023308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3176983.

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37

LIU, Hongwu, Ruiliang GUAN, Nairui YIN, Xinyi XIE, and Degui CHEN. "Influence of the Splitter Plates on the High Current Air Arc in Low Voltage Circuit Breaker." IEICE Transactions on Electronics E96.C, no. 9 (2013): 1119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transele.e96.c.1119.

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38

Park, Woo-Jin, Yong-ik Park, Kil-Young Ahn, and Hae-Yong Cho. "An Optimal Design of a Driving Mechanism for Air Circuit Breaker using Taguchi Design of Experiments." Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers 21, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14775/ksmpe.2022.21.09.078.

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39

Park, S. H., K. Y. Ahn, and B. Y. Lee. "Dynamic analysis and structural design of links in an air circuit breaker to enhance fatigue life." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 219, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440605x8270.

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A systematic method as applied to an air circuit breaker (ACB) system is proposed to analyse the links of the spring-actuated linkage under repetitive impact loading. A fatigue life equation applicable to the links is presented on the basis of the fatigue test. The result obtained from the multi-body dynamic analysis is compared with that from the experiment. For the explicit finite element analysis of the links, the impact loading obtained from the dynamic analysis of the ACB system is used as the initial conditions. To enhance the fatigue life of a weak link, two modified designs are proposed and their maximum stresses are reduced very much compared with that of the original design. Considering a safety margin, one modified design satisfies the required specification of the fatigue life. The proposed approach in this work can be efficiently used in designing stable and reliable links of the ACB and in analysing a similar spring-actuated linkage system.

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40

Wu, Yi, Mingzhe Rong, Fei Yang, Anthony B. Murphy, Qiang Ma, Zhiqiang Sun, and Xiaohua Wang. "Numerical Modeling of Arc Root Transfer During Contact Opening in a Low-Voltage Air Circuit Breaker." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 36, no. 4 (August 2008): 1074–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2008.924634.

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41

Wu, Mingliang, Fei Yang, Mingzhe Rong, Yi Wu, Yang Qi, Yufei Cui, Zirui Liu, and Anxiang Guo. "Numerical study of turbulence-influence mechanism on arc characteristics in an air direct current circuit breaker." Physics of Plasmas 23, no. 4 (April 2016): 042306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4943285.

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42

Yuan, Fating, Bo Tang, Can Ding, Shihong Qin, Zhao Yuan, and Li Huang. "Optimization Design of Oil-Immersed Air Core Coupling Reactor for a 160 kV Mechanical Direct Current Circuit Breaker." Energies 12, no. 6 (March 21, 2019): 1104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12061104.

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In this paper, the basic structure and design parameters of an oil-immersed air core coupling reactor were given according to the interruption requirement of the 160 kV mechanical direct current circuit breaker, and a field-circuit coupled finite element model was established based on the ANSOFT simulation platform. The prototype test results verified the correctness of the simulation calculation method. The coupling reactor design was optimized to minimize the total volume, taking equal height and heat flux design parameters as the optimization object, and the influence of the insulation distance between the oil tank and encapsulations on the secondary current of the coupling reactor were analyzed. Meanwhile, a combined optimization method about the reactor body and oil tank was proposed, and the optimization contour surface was plotted, which described the relationship between the total volume of the coupling reactor and structure parameters of the reactor body and oil tank. According to the optimization design results, the total volume was only 89% compared with the initial design parameters, and the correctness was verified by the simulation results.

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Yu, Feng Wei, Hong Ying Sun, and Shou Jun Zhang. "A New Timing Method Based on PLC Scan Cycle Time and its Application in Automatic Marine Power Station." Advanced Materials Research 774-776 (September 2013): 1489–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.774-776.1489.

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For an established control system, scan cycle time of the PLC is almost constant during steady operation. Scan cycle time of PLC can be act as a timing unit and realize the function of timer by appropriate programming. The timing method based on PLC scan cycle time is practiced in judgment of start success of generator set and grasping of ACB (air circuit breaker of generator) closing opportunity in automatic synchronization control and achieved the desired results. Application of this timing method reduced the hardware of the control system, improved the reliability and economical efficiency. Several years of operation in training lab proved that this control method is reliable and steady.

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Zhao, Yanjie, Li’an Chen, and Rui Qiao. "Temperature Field Simulation and Structure Improvement of 12kV Switchgear." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2179, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2179/1/012010.

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Abstract Aiming at the heating problem of 12kV switchgear, the model of its main circuit module was established and simplified. Then, the temperature field and airflow field were simulated by finite element analysis software ANSYS. Besides, the distribution of temperature and airflow in the circuit breaker room was analyzed respectively and the heat dissipation structure of the switchgear was improved. Finally, two axial fans were installed at the top of the switchgear and the ventilation hole was designed at the bottom. The simulation results showed that this method can accelerate the air convection and reduce the temperature rise effectively. With the continuous increase of distribution network capacity, switchgear would have overheating problem during the long-term operation. If this problem cannot be solved, it would affect its insulation performance and even cause safety accidents. This study provides a reference for the design of switchgear and solves its overheating problem.

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SHIGETA, Masaya, Yasunori TANAKA, Yuki INADA, Ryo KIKUCHI, Akiko KUMADA, and Takayasu FUJINO. "Numerical Simulation of Turbulent-like Behavior of Air and SF6 Arc Plasmas in a Model Circuit Breaker." Proceedings of the Fluids engineering conference 2020 (2020): OS08–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmefed.2020.os08-06.

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46

Matsumura, Toshiro, Yoshiyuki Ikuma, and Yukio Kito. "Improvement of Current Limiting Performance of a Molded-Case Circuit Breaker by Mounting an Air-Buffer Chamber." IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 110, no. 5 (1990): 420–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes1990.110.5_420.

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47

LIU, Y., D. CHEN, and X. LI. "Analysis and Research on Electro-Dynamic Repulsion Force Acting on the Paralleled Conductors in Air Circuit Breaker." IEICE Transactions on Electronics E90-C, no. 7 (July 1, 2007): 1466–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ietele/e90-c.7.1466.

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48

Shuhua Fang, Heyun Lin, S. L. Ho, Xianbing Wang, Ping Jin, and Hengchuan Liu. "Characteristics Analysis and Simulation of Permanent Magnet Actuator With a New Control Method for Air Circuit Breaker." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 45, no. 10 (October 2009): 4566–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2009.2024895.

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49

Rane, Santosh B., and Yahya A. M. Narvel. "Reliability assessment and improvement of air circuit breaker (ACB) mechanism by identifying and eliminating the root causes." International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management 7, S1 (December 11, 2015): 305–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13198-015-0405-z.

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50

Wouters, P. A. A. F., F. Barakou, and E. F. Steennis. "Application of Open-air Capacitive Sensors for Voltage Monitoring near Terminations in HV and EHV Insulated Connections." Proceedings of the Nordic Insulation Symposium, no. 26 (August 8, 2019): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5324/nordis.v0i26.3281.

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Contactless capacitive sensors are applied to monitor(over)voltages near the overhead line terminations of asubstation or at cable to line transitions. The sensor response isthe signal time derivative when loaded with a resistiveimpedance and the waveform is restored by integration. As partof this differentiating/integrating (D/I) measuring concept, theuse of open-air sensors results in excellent EMC characteristicsbut the inherent cross-coupling to other phases has to be dealtwith. Three applications are presented: 1) For a 150 kV cabletermination the partial discharge activity needs to be related tomomentary phase voltages; 2) Measured slow front overvoltageat a 380 kV cable termination from line energizationare compared with predictions from numerical simulation; 3)The perspectives of employing the D/I method for (very) fastfront overvoltages near a 380 kV circuit breaker are examined.

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