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Academic literature on the topic 'Air – Composition chimique'
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Journal articles on the topic "Air – Composition chimique"
Sigrist, Marie-Hélène Prince, and Daniel Job. "Études mycologique, entomologique et physico-chimique de troncs de Betula pendula en voie de dégradation. I. Répartition spatiale de l'état physico-chimique et de la mycoflore des troncs." Canadian Journal of Botany 74, no. 10 (October 1, 1996): 1657–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-201.
Full textSeydou Traore, Seydou Traore, Geoffroy Romaric Bayili, Mariétou Sissao, Boureima Sangare, and Vinsoun Millogo. "Applicabilité des 5M du système HACCP dans les unités de transformation laitière et effets sur la qualité hygiénique des produits laitiers locaux au Burkina Faso." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 16, no. 6 (March 8, 2023): 2641–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v16i6.15.
Full textGABRIEL, I., F. ALLEMAN, V. DUFOURCQ, F. PERRIN, and J. F. GABARROU. "Utilisation des huiles essentielles en alimentation des volailles.2. Hypothèses sur les modes d’action impliqués dans les effets observés." INRAE Productions Animales 26, no. 1 (April 16, 2013): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2013.26.1.3131.
Full textVerstappen, G. M., L. Gao, S. A. Pringle, S. C. Liefers, B. Van der Vegt, V. Patel, S. Hu, et al. "OP0042 THE TRANSCRIPTOME OF PAIRED MINOR AND MAJOR SALIVARY GLAND TISSUE IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY SJÖGREN’S SYNDROME: TWO OF A KIND?" Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 28.1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1613.
Full textNYS, Y. "Préface." INRAE Productions Animales 23, no. 2 (April 10, 2011): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2010.23.2.3292.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Air – Composition chimique"
Berger, Alexandre. "Modélisation multi-échelles de la composition chimique des aérosols : impacts des processus physico-chimiques sur la formation d'aérosols organiques secondaires dans les nuages." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/3060/.
Full textAtmospheric aerosols play a major role in environmental issues related to climate, air quality and human health. Organic aerosols (OA) are an important fraction of total particulate mass. However, formation mechanisms of OA are poorly understood. In particular, a current challenge remains the definition of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) from atmospheric oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOC) that will condense on or within existing aerosols to form secondary organic aerosols (SOA). Recent studies in laboratory have shown the contribution of oxygenated VOC (OVOC) in the formation of low volatile organic compounds in aqueous phase. However, these studies still incomplete and there is an urgent need for better understanding photochemistry in aqueous phase of polyfunctional species and to study the influence of the relevant parameters for the atmosphere (pH, initial concentrations, the presence of inorganic compounds) on SOA processes. Moreover, these pathways of SOA formation should be taken into account in atmospheric models. The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the potential SOA production during a cloud event observed at the puy-de-Dôme station with simulations performed using the Meso-NH model. The realism of these simulations for forming SOA depends on the integration, in the chemical gaseous phase scheme, of the relevant chemical species including VOC and their products. The ReLACS2 mechanism meets this requirement and takes into account both ozone precursors and formation of SOA. This latter mechanism is coupled with the ORILAM-SOA module that integrates gas/particle partitionning of inorganic and organic species, and nucleation, evaporation/condensation, activation and dynamic aerosol processes. Firstly, this coupling is tested on three real cases over Europe in contrasted standart meteorological conditions. An exercise of inter-comparison of Meso-NH and WRF/CHEM models and a comparison of these models with in-situ observations over Europe are performed. Secondly, a first work consists in including COVO, short and soluble (up to 4 carbons), and the associated aqueous phase reactivity, in the ReLACS2 mechanism, in order to consider SOA formation in aqueous phase. A new chemical mechanism, ReLACS3, is created. In parallel, a second work consists in including the part of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) into the chemistry of the water droplets for a complete coupling between the gas, aqueous and particulate phases. To test these developments, an 2D idealized simulation of an orographic cloud, observed during an intensive campaign at the puy-de-Dôme station which occured in summer 2011, is performed. This study highlighted the potential impact of the aqueous phase reactivity and activation of CCN on SOA formation
Mendez, Maxence. "Étude expérimentale de la réactivité hétérogène de particules ultrafines d’acides gras et modélisation de la composition chimique des aérosols à l'échelle régionale." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10170/document.
Full textThe intensity of environmental and health impacts of atmospheric aerosol depend on their chemical composition. This composition varies as function of their emission source and transport time in the atmosphere where many chemical and physical transformations occur. The objectives of this thesis are, firstly, to study the initial steps of the atmospheric aging of organic aerosol in laboratory and, secondly, to provide with information on the modelling of the chemical composition of atmospheric aerosol. The first part of this work has been dedicated to the study of the reactivity of model organic aerosol in an aerosol flow tube for two heterogeneous chemical systems: oleic acid + ozone; palmitic acid + chlorine radical. Chemical analyses in both gas phase and particle phase were performed to quantify the products and determine the chemical mechanisms.In the second part of the thesis, we have built a model to generate anthropogenic pollutant emission data for the chemistry weather forecast with the WRF-Chem model. The chemical speciation of primary aerosol permits us to model the chemical composition of aerosol over the French northern region. The model results have been validated by statistical comparison with data coming from measurements network (ATMO Nord-Pas de Calais) and also measurement campaigns performed with an Aerosol Mass Spectrometer
Deyme, Michel. "Modification de la composition chimique superficielle de polymères : étude de l'adsorption du collagène aux interfaces air ou polymère/solutions aqueuses." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA114804.
Full textKfoury, Adib. "Origine et physicochimie des particules atmosphériques PM₂.₅ dans des villes du littoral de la région Nord-Pas-de-Calais." Thesis, Littoral, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DUNK0403/document.
Full textThe main objectives of this study were to acquire a better knowledge on the exposure level to fine PM₂.₅ particles and on their chemical composition and sources, in three cities located on the littoral facade of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region. The particles were collected following two sampling campaigns held between November 2010 and April 2011 ("winter" campaign in Dunkerque and Boulogne sur Mer ; "Spring" campaign in Dunkerque and Saint-Omer). The chemical composition of the collected PM₂.₅ was determined through the quantification of major elements, trace elements, water soluble ions and total carbon. For the two considered sampling periods, PM₂.₅ concentrations and chemical composition trends followed similar tendencies at each site. Local sources influence was evidenced throughout a comparison of the chronological evolution and concentration roses of some major and trace elements between the sites. This analysis allowed the suggestion of specific elemental ratios, which can be used as tracers of some anthropogenic sources. Finally, the use of a source-receptor model, based on a non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) method, allowed the identification of the main PM₂.₅ sources as well as the evaluation of their relative contributions in each of the studied sites
Harry, Solo Andriniaina. "Étude théorique d'un plasma dans la phase de transition allumage/combustion d'un moteur à gaz." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30093.
Full textThe spark ignition in thermal engines, leading to the initiation of combustion, is characterized by several processes that happen during short moments (maximum few milliseconds). The knowledge and control of the physicochemical phenomena involved are the key elements allowing to optimize the system. Using numerical tools, more detailed description and understanding of the mechanisms governing the medium can be investigated. This thesis is related to this topic and is focused to analyze the chemical species evolution of air-methane stoichiometric mixture according to the medium characteristics. The work is based on three main stages. The first step concerns the development of tool which allows to calculate the chemical composition and thermodynamic properties. The method is based on mass action law and the resolution under the local thermodynamic equilibrium hypothesis for a given pressure or mass density. Corrective terms (of Debye-Hückel and virial) enabling to assimilate the gas to real fluid are integrated into the system of equations. The second step is devoted to the development of the 0D model which is based on the resolution of the species conservation equation. This approach allows to study the possible presence of departures from equilibrium according to various cooling rates of the medium. The last step concerns the implementation of a 1D transient hydro-kinetic coupling model applied to ignition. It is developed on an axisymmetric cylindrical geometry. The results show typical evolutions of temperature and radial propagations of pressure. Depending on these parameters, the species behavior is analyzed and discussed in comparison to equilibrium. The departures from equilibrium of the densities highlighted for some initial choices of parameters by the coupling model open the perspectives to the direct calculation of the plasma properties
Tran, Dinh Trinh. "Identification des sources et modélisation du comportement dynamique des particules dans l’air intérieur des écoles." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10015/document.
Full textDuring this thesis, we chemically characterized (metals, EC, OC) then studied the sources and the fate of airborne particles (PM10, PM2,5, PM1) in indoor air. Another part of this work concerns the modelization of their behavior in class-rooms of primary schools in the Nord Pas de Calais region. These PM10 values largely and almost systematically exceed (average value for eight schools: 97 ± 28μg/m3) the daily limit values (50μg/m3) for indoor air (WHO and ANSES recommendations). The only elements Al, Ba, Ca and Fe clearly associated to an indoor source are linked to the use of chalk. Although there is a significant amount of particles of outdoor origins found in class-rooms (such as traffic, industrial or natural sources), pupils’ physical activities represent the major source of airborne PM10 in indoor air. The resuspension phenomenon doesn’t influence significantly the elemental (major and traces elements) distribution of the indoor PM10.The modelization of the evolution of indoor PM10 is clearly influenced by the activities of the pupils in class-rooms, requiring taking into account the resuspension phenomena. In addition, the behavior of particles is associated to their size distribution as well as the intrinsic characteristics of the building envelope which control the indoor-outdoor air exchange.The deterministic model developed in this work will allow easily simulating the evolution of particle concentrations according to their size distribution in class-rooms
Barros, de Oliveira Diogo Miguel. "Identification of the main sources and geographical origins of PM10 in the northern part of France." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10007/document.
Full textAirborne particles have significant economical, health and environmental impacts at a global scale. Mitigating their emissions to improve ambient air quality demands a deep knowledge on their sources, which can be determined by investigating their chemical composition. The present thesis aims at identifying major PM10 sources and geographical origins at 5 sampling sites (3 urban background, 1 traffic and 1 remote) representative of Northern France, which is frequently submitted to exceedances of limit values as defined by European Directives. The first step of this study included a comprehensive chemical characterization of PM10 filter samples collected every third day at the 5 sites. Organic matter and ammonium nitrate were confirmed as the main PM10 species in the investigated area with some differences according to the site type. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) was used to identify and quantify the contributions of primary sources as well as secondary processes impacting each sampling site. Large contributions of secondary aerosols (mainly grouped as nitrate-, sulfate- and oxalate-rich aerosols) were obtained at all sites, as well as significant traffic and biomass burning. The use of specific tracers like MSA and polyols also proved to be useful to identify marine and continental biogenic aerosols, respectively. Statistical trajectory-based model was applied to PMF outputs to calculate Concentration Field maps and locate emission sources of marine particles, namely fresh and aged sea salts (primarily from the Atlantic Ocean) and marine biogenic aerosols (mainly from the North Sea), as well as continental contributions of nitrate-and sulfate-rich secondary particles
Dhouioui, Raja. "Étude des propriétés thermodynamiques et des coefficients de transport d'un plasma air - méthane en déséquilibre thermique." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2394/.
Full textWe find carbon, oxygen and hydrogen in a large number of applications or processes involving electric arcs and thermal plasmas. These include: low-voltage circuit breakers with mixtures of air and organic vapor (due to the erosion of thermoplastic walls) inside the device, high-voltage circuit breakers for which are tested new gases or gas mixtures for filling the tank by replacing SF6, the treatment of biomass for synthesis gas production, processes for arc welding (MIG - MAG) but also processes for the ignition of reactive media, especially air - methane plasmas which are typical mixtures of electrical discharge for reactive media ignition of combustion. These kinds of processes are often studied theoretically using magneto-hydrodynamic models (MHD), under the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). However, spark discharges involved in combustion ignition correspond to low power arcs for which the LTE hypothesis is relatively dubious. In this case, the temperature on the axis of the plasma remains relatively low. Thus the collisions are not enough efficient to ensure an equal distribution of the energy between the various chemical species in the mixture. The consequence is that the electrons have a kinetic temperature Te higher than that of the heavy species Tg. For an accurate theoretical study of this kind of discharge, taking into account the possible occurrence of departures from thermal equilibrium (Te ≠ Tg), it is necessary to develop multi-temperature MHD models. The implementation of these multi temperature models is often based upon 2T thermodynamic and transport property databases as a function of Te and of the ratio θ = Te /Tg. The present work falls under these considerations as it concerns the calculation of two-temperature (2T) Air - methane plasma properties: compositions, thermodynamic properties (mass density, enthalpy and specific heat at constant pressure) and transport coefficients (thermal conductivity, viscosity and electrical conductivity). The composition is obtained from the 2T mass action law and from the conservation equations (pressure, electrical neutrality and atomic proportions). Thermodynamic properties are then calculated analytically from the composition. Finally, transport coefficients are obtained from the Chapman-Enskog theory (extended to the 2T case) and from recent theoretical developments. The four contributions to thermal conductivity (translation of electrons, translation of heavy particles, internal and reaction) are calculated separately so that they can be used in a different way in the two energy conservation equations (electrons and heavy particles) involved in 2T MHD models
Schramm, Sébastien. "Étude de la composition de différentes fumées de cigarette associées aux tabagismes actif et passif." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0408/document.
Full textCigarette smoke is one of the more significant indoor contaminant. Cigarette smoke is associated with gas phase and particulate matter phase components. The cigarette smoke particles are of major concern from a toxicological viewpoint, for both active and passive smoking. Indeed a large part of them is retained by the different levels of human respiratory system. As a consequence, the molecules adsorbed on their surface or the molecules, which compose the particle itself, can be slowly released in the organism. In this context, particles involved in active and passive smoking were analyzed and compared. In a first step, a quantification method by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) for some tracers has been developed and validated to allow the validation of both the smoking and the sampling procedures to be achieved. This is important to be sure that for a given cigarette smoke types, the different samples obtained from different collection procedure are statistically identical. This also allowed the influence of some smoking variables (type and humidity of the cigarette, puff duration, and flow rate of the puff) on the composition of the particles to be evaluated. In a second step, mainstream cigarette smoke (MSS), sidestream cigarette smoke (SSS) and exhaled cigarette smoke (EXS) particles were analyzed by ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry coupled with laser desorption/ionisation (LDI-FTICRMS) or electrospray ion (ESI-FTICRMS). The comparison of MSS and EXS revealed the selective retention of the more polar molecules in the organism. In contrast to what it is obtained for MSS, it was found that the compounds detected in the analysis of SSS particles are highly unsaturated and content low amounts of oxygen and nitrogen atoms. This has to be linked to a lower dioxygen amounts and to a lower temperature between two puffs in the burning zone. Consequently, pyrolytic and combustion phenomena are the main process which induce the formation of SSS and MSS, respectively. Moreover, MSS cross unburned tobacco before to be collected and can induce distillation of some volatile compounds (e.g. nicotine) which are thought to be more saturated and more oxygenated that the compounds generated in the burning zone. These results were confirmed and completed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analysis. The results of the MSS, SSS and EXS particle analysis highlight the differences of chemical composition of these different cigarette smokes which is associated to active smoking for the first one and passive smoking for the latter ones. Consequently, differences of toxicological effect can be expected for each kinds of smoking behavior
Allou, Lyassine. "Chimie multiphasique et mesure des concentrations des aldéhydes et des composés aromatiques dans l’air." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2008/ALLOU_Lyassine_2008.pdf.
Full textBooks on the topic "Air – Composition chimique"
1941-, Guerin M. R., Tomkins B. A, and Savage Lyn, eds. The chemistry of environmental tobacco smoke: Composition and measurement. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: Lewis Publishers, 2000.
Find full textOntario. Esquisse de cours 12e année: Chimie sch4c cours précollégial. Vanier, Ont: CFORP, 2002.
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Find full textOntario. Esquisse de cours 12e année: Mathématiques de la technologie au collège mct4c cours précollégial. Vanier, Ont: CFORP, 2002.
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Find full textOntario. Esquisse de cours 12e année: Le Canada et le monde: une analyse géographique cgw4u cours préuniversitaire. Vanier, Ont: CFORP, 2002.
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