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Journal articles on the topic 'Air cooled condenser'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Yu, F. W., and K. T. Chan. "Application of Direct Evaporative Coolers for Improving the Energy Efficiency of Air-Cooled Chillers." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 127, no. 3 (July 20, 2005): 430–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1866144.

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This paper describes how direct evaporative coolers can be used to improve the energy efficiency of air-cooled chillers in various operating conditions and with different strategies for staging condenser fans. These coolers are installed in front of air-cooled condensers to precool outdoor air before entering the condensers. A simulation analysis on an air-cooled chiller equipped with a direct evaporative cooler showed that when head pressure control is used, the cooler enables the condensing temperature to drop by 2.1–6.2°C, resulting in a 1.4-14.4% decrease in chiller power and a 1.3–4.6% increase in the refrigeration effect. When the chiller with the cooler operates under condensing temperature control, where condenser effectiveness is enhanced by staging all condenser fans, there is a savings in chiller power of 1.3-4.3% in some operating conditions in which the drop in compressor power exceeds the additional condenser fan power due to the pressure drop across the cooler.

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2

Poullikkas, Andreas, Ioannis Hadjipaschalis, and George Kourtis. "Comparative Assessment of an Innovative Dry-Cooled CSP System." Conference Papers in Energy 2013 (May 28, 2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/849407.

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A comparative optimization assessment is carried out in order to identify the competitiveness of an innovative modular air-cooled condenser (MACC) system in relation to conventional water- or air-cooled condensers. Specifically, the technoeconomic performance of the combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) technology, the parabolic trough concentrated solar power (CSP) technology, and the solar tower CSP technology are compared when all are integrated (a) with a MACC condenser of an optimum tube geometry and size, (b) with a conventional water-cooled condenser, and (c) with a conventional dry-cooled condenser. The comparison is performed across three different solar potential levels. The simulations are carried out using an optimization model based on the IPP v2.1 algorithm for the calculation of the electricity unit cost and other financial indicators of each technology under investigation. The results demonstrate that, under certain parameters, the investigated MACC condenser system can become a cost-competitive alternative to water- or dry-cooled condensers in various solar potential environments.

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3

Ni, Weiming, Zhihua Ge, Lijun Yang, and Xiaoze Du. "Piping-Main Scheme for Condensers against the Adverse Impact of Environmental Conditions on Air-Cooled Thermal Power Units." Energies 13, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010170.

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To improve the adaptability of direct air-cooled power generating units to the variations of both meteorological condition and power load, a piping-main arrangement of air-cooled condensers was proposed. The heat and mass transfer models of the air-side were established for the air cooling system of 2 × 600 MW thermal power generating units. The coupled model for both flow resistance loss and condensate flow rate distributions of exhaust steam inside air-cooled condensers were developed based on the temperature fields through numerical simulation. Calculation results, including the condensate flow rate, back pressure, and coal consumption rate, were acquired under different ambient temperatures and wind velocities. The results show that the proposed piping-main arrangement can weaken the ambient wind impacts and reduce the backpressure significantly in summer by adjusting the number of air-cooled condenser cells in operation. The steam flow rate can be uniformed effectively by adjusting the number of operating air-cooled condenser cells during winter. It can also avoid the freezing accident in winter while cooling the exhaust steam of two turbines by part air-cooled condenser cells.

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4

Abdi Pranata, I. Gede, Kadek Rihendra Dantes, and I. Nyoman Pasek Nugraha. "STUDI KOMPARASI PERBANDINGAN AIR DAN UDARA SEBAGAI MEDIA PENDINGIN KONDENSOR TERHADAP PENCAPAIAN SUHU OPTIMAL SIKLUS PRIMER PADA PROTOTIPE WATER CHILLER." Jurnal Pendidikan Teknik Mesin Undiksha 7, no. 1 (September 4, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jjtm.v7i1.18754.

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Kondensor adalah sebuah alat pada sistem refrigerasi mesin pendingin yang berfungsi sebagai pemindah panas pada refrigerant yang memiliki temperatur tinggi akan diserap lalu dihembuskan oleh media penghambat panas yang ada pada kondensor sehingga menyebakan uap refrigerant mengembun menjadi cair. Air merupakan media pendinginan yang tepat sebagai media pendinginan untuk kondensor, karena air memiliki konduktifitas termal lebih baik dibandingkan dengan udara yaitu dengan nilai air 0,56 J/m.s.̊C dan udara 0,023 J/m.s.̊C . Sehingga laju perpindahan panas lebih cepat dan suhu yang dihasilkan dengan rentang waktu 20 menit kerja pada chilled water tank supply. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimen dengan posisi kondensor didalam air yang dialiri air bersikulasi melalui saluran dari wadah kondensor, lalu mengalir ke wadah 1 dan 2 yang sudah disediakan, kemudian disirkulasikan kembali menuju wadah kondensor. Hasil yang didapat dari penelitian menunjukan suhu yang dihasilkan oleh air pendingin kondensor dengan nilai 6,725 ̊C lebih baik dibandingkan dengan udara pendingin kondensor dengan nilai 14,25 ̊C dalam waktu 20 menitKata Kunci : Kondensor, air, suhu, air pendingin kondensor, udara pendingin kondensor The condenser is a device in the refrigeration system that functions as a heat transfer machine in refrigerants that have high temperatures will be absorbed and then exhaled by heat inhibiting media that are on the condenser so that the refrigerant vapor condenses into liquid. Water is the right cooling medium as a cooling medium for condensers, because water has better thermal conductivity than air, with a water value of 0.56 J / m.Co and air 0.023 J / m.Co. So that the heat transfer rate is faster and the temperature produced with a span of 20 minutes works on the chilled water tank supply. The study was carried out experimentally with the condenser position in water circulating through water from the condenser container, then flowing into containers 1 and 2 that have been provided, then recirculated to the condenser container. The results obtained from the study showed that the temperature produced by the water cooled condenser with a value of 6.725 ̊C was better than the air cooled condenser with a value of 14.25 ̊C within 20 minuteskeyword : Condenser, water, temperature, water cooled condenser, air cooled condenser

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5

Lv, Yi, Hui Zhang, Yu Jin Yue, Li Jun Yang, and Xiao Dong Zhang. "Deviation Analysis on Flow and Heat Transfer Model of Large Air-Cooled Steam Condenser Unit." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 656–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.656.

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Many power plants adopt air-cooled condensers (ACC) with finned tubes, using ambient air to condense turbine exhaust steam. Each condenser unit is mainly composed of two heat transfer surfaces like A and large diameter axial flow fans driving air. In the study of environmental wind effects, etc, due to the condenser unit size is bigger, it is necessary to simplify the condenser unit internal flow and heat transfer calculation, but the deviations introduced by these simplifies failed to get enough attention. In view of one condenser unit, three kinds of flow and heat tansfer combinated model were respectively investigated. A computational fluid dynamics software (CFD) is used to solve the problem.Research priority is analyzing the deviations of internal flow and heat transfer features in the condenser unit according to the extracted datum. The study gives some useful informatin to the design of a thermal power plant with an ACC system.

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6

Lau, S. C., K. Annamalai, and S. V. Shelton. "Optimization of Air-Cooled Condensers." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 109, no. 2 (June 1, 1987): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3231331.

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The essential design parameters for determining the optimum configuration of an air-cooled condenser are identified in this paper. For a power plant operating on a Rankine cycle, expressions for (i) the minimum frontal area, (ii) the minimum heat transfer area, and for (iii) the maximum net cycle efficiency, with respect to the condenser temperature and the cooling air velocity are derived. The analyses are carried out with the assumption that the exit temperature of the cooling air is equal to the condenser temperature. All resulting equations are presented in dimensionless form so that they are applicable to any power cycle with a gas-cooled condenser.

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7

Říhová, Zdeňka, and Markéta Kočová. "Technological Structures for Air Cooled Condensers." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, no. 11 (November 30, 2019): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.11.1622.

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This paper summarizes the knowledge and results obtained in the field of designing technological platforms for energy industry. Optimal solution of the layout of elements and material of a number of technological platforms with a specific number of modules was searched. Technological platforms are the main supporting structure of the air-cooled condensers (ACC), which ensure cooling of plants. The fundament of the solution is based on the schema that the platform is composed from the at least one standardized bed containing the supporting surface equipped with the supporting columns and at least one horizontal segment for the condenser exchanger support. The platform structure must ensure sufficient spatial rigidity and stability and ACC functionality. Design requirements are defined both by size and weight of each single module of condenser and the total number of modules in assembly.

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8

He, Wei Feng, and Yi Ping Dai. "Pressure Forecast of an Air-Cooled Steam Condenser under Wind Speeds." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 6187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.6187.

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Direct air-cooled power plant is popularized in north China because of the water conservation. Different from the water-cooled condenser, the ambient air absorbs the latent heat that turbine exhaust in the heat exchangers releases. In this paper, the numerical model of a 2×600MW power plant is prepared to simulate the performance of the air–cooled steam condenser under different wind speeds. Heat transferring with phase change is very complicated so that User Define Function(UDF) is applied to calculate the heat transfer rate in the air-cooled condenser. The fan flow rate will drop obviously during the increasing of the wind speed. As a result, the heat transfer rate between the steam and the ambient air also decreases and the pressure of the condenser rises. Finally, the stable condenser pressures under different wind speeds are predicted. The result shows that the air-cooled condenser is very sensitive to the wind speed.

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9

Goswami, D. Y., G. D. Mathur, and S. M. Kulkarni. "Experimental Investigation of Performance of a Residential Air Conditioning System with an Evaporatively Cooled Condenser." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 115, no. 4 (November 1, 1993): 206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930051.

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This paper presents an experimental investigation of the use of indirect evaporative cooling process to increase the performance of an air-to-air vapor compression refrigeration system. The condenser of an existing 2.5 ton (8.8 kW) air conditioning system at the University of Florida’s Energy Park in Gainesville was retrofitted with a media pad type evaporative cooler, a water source, and a pump. The system performance was monitored without and with the evaporative cooler on the condenser. The data show that electric energy savings of 20 percent can be achieved by using an evaporatively cooled air condenser. The energy savings can pay for the cost associated with retrofitting the condenser in as little as two years.

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10

Wang, Xue Dong, Yan Juan Zheng, and Tao Luan. "Optimizing Design of Direct Air-Cooled Condenser." Advanced Materials Research 354-355 (October 2011): 406–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.354-355.406.

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The optimizing design approach of direct air-cooled system was described in detail in this paper. Based on the approach, the wind speed, ambient temperature and heat transfer area of air-cooled condenser were considered to meet the design parameters and the rated power. The optimizing results and economic analysis were discussed.

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11

Parey, Anand, N. K. Jain, and S. C. Koria. "Failure analysis of air cooled condenser gearbox." Case Studies in Engineering Failure Analysis 2, no. 2 (October 2014): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csefa.2014.08.003.

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12

Hofmann, Herbert, Christoph Walter, and Markus Wawzyniak. "Coolant-cooled Condenser Effects on Air Conditioning." ATZ worldwide 114, no. 11 (October 21, 2012): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38311-012-0245-2.

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13

Hajidavalloo, E., and H. Eghtedari. "Performance improvement of air-cooled refrigeration system by using evaporatively cooled air condenser." International Journal of Refrigeration 33, no. 5 (August 2010): 982–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2010.02.001.

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14

Aljubury, Issam Mohammed Ali, and Muayad Abdulnabi Mohammed. "Heat Transfer Analysis of Conventional Round Tube and Microchannel Condensers in Automotive Air Conditioning System." Journal of Engineering 25, no. 2 (January 31, 2019): 38–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2019.02.03.

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In this paper, an experimental analysis of conventional air-cooled and microchannel condensers in automotive vapor compression refrigeration cycle concerning heat transfer coefficient and energy using R134a as a refrigerant was presented. The performance of two condensers and cycles tested regarding ambient temperature which it was varied from 40oC to 65oC, while the indoor temperature and load have been set to be 23oC and 2200 W respectively. Results showed that the microchannel condenser has 224 % and 77 % higher refrigerant side and air side heat transfer coefficient respectively than the coefficients of the conventional condenser. Thus, the COP, in case of using the microchannel condenser, was found to be 20 % higher than that of the conventional cycle. Also, the microchannel condenser has a 50 % smaller volume than the conventional. Therefore, it provides more space in the car engine container occupied with other components.

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15

Dandotiya, Devendra, and N. D. Banker. "Performance Enhancement of a Refrigerator Using Phase Change Material-Based Condenser: An Experimental Investigation." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 25, no. 04 (December 2017): 1750032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132517500328.

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Tropical countries like India, the ambient temperature reaches to 45–50[Formula: see text]C in the summer and higher ambient temperature directly impacts the energy required by the household refrigerator. This paper presents an experimental performance of a domestic refrigerator incorporated with a phase change material (PCM)-based condenser in parallel to the conventional wire-and-tube air-cooled condenser for the climatic conditions of India. It is proposed to operate the refrigerator with the PCM-based condenser, while the ambient temperature is higher during the day, otherwise with the air-cooled condenser. Due to large latent heat storage capacity of the PCM, the condenser temperature would not increase significantly. The COP of the PCM-based condenser was 28% higher as compared to air cooled condenser for 60[Formula: see text]min which reduce to 3% as PCM temperature reached to 33[Formula: see text]C. The energy consumption is lower by [Formula: see text]% in [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]h of refrigerator experimentation with the proposed modification.

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16

Yu, F. W., and K. T. Chan. "Improved condenser design and condenser-fan operation for air-cooled chillers." Applied Energy 83, no. 6 (June 2006): 628–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2005.05.007.

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17

Zhao, Qun, Feng Liu, and Zhen Sun. "Optimization and Application for Direct Air-Cooled Condenser Automatic Cleaning Device." Advanced Materials Research 694-697 (May 2013): 3016–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.3016.

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Analysis of the structure characteristics of power plant direct air-cooled condenser automatic cleaning device. The disadvantages are that: Inclination deformation occur when the cleaning device was running; Transmission part was short serving life and easy damage; The high-pressure hose could damage air-cooled finned body, etc. Proposes a new structure of automatic cleaning device, which overcomes these shortcomings, and the structure is more simple. This device has completed the experiment and has been applied to a domestic power station direct air-cooled condenser cleaning system project.

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18

Tieghi, Lorenzo, Giovanni Delibra, Alessandro Corsini, and Johan Van Der Spuy. "Numerical investigation of CSP air cooled condenser fan." E3S Web of Conferences 197 (2020): 11010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019711010.

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19

Milman, O. O., A. V. Kondratev, A. V. Ptakhin, S. N. Dunaev, and A. V. Kirjukhin. "Varying duty operation of air-cooled condenser units." Thermal Engineering 63, no. 5 (May 2016): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0040601516050062.

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20

Yu, F. W., and K. T. Chan. "Optimum condenser fan staging for air-cooled chillers." Applied Thermal Engineering 25, no. 14-15 (October 2005): 2204–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2005.01.005.

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21

Supriya, Jadhav. "Performance Investigation of Household Refrigerator Using Air-Cooled and Water-Cooled Condenser." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 7, no. 6 (June 30, 2019): 1084–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2019.6187.

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22

Kals, W. "Condensing the Dumped Steam During a Turbine Bypass." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 114, no. 4 (October 1, 1992): 621–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906635.

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The reaction of water-cooled and wet-surface air-cooled condensers to a bypass of the steam turbine is analyzed by the introduction of an indicant. Gas dynamics considerations for designing the breakdown of the steam pressure are included. SI metric units are compared with gravitational metric units in order to clarify the fundamental difference between these two systems of measure. Conditioning the steam before admission to the condenser involves desuperheating, which is analyzed on the basis of a heat balance.

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23

Wu, Wu Chieh, Tzong Shing Lee, and Chich Hsiang Chang. "Improved Energy Performance of Air-Cooled Liquid Chillers with Innovative Condensing-Coil Configurations." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 785–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.785.

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The purpose of this study was to develop mathematical models for air-cooled chillers and their components using innovative varied row configurations as a parameter analysis model followed by a simulation of actual operational performance. In this manner, we were able to observe the increase in performance of air-cooled chillers and the energy transfer efficiency of individual components. This study found that the innovative varied row configuration (Type C) can increase the COP of air-cooled chiller by 6.7% over that of traditional condensing-coil configuration (Type A) with an increase in total irreversibility and the irreversibility of the condenser of 8.4% and 4.1%, respectively; Type C can increase the COP of air-cooled chiller by 3.3% over that of the best condensing-coil configuration (Type B) with an increase in total irreversibility and the irreversibility of the condenser of 1.6% and 4.6%, respectively. We believe that the results of this research can provide an important basis of reference for future design of air-cooled chiller units.

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24

Mallick, D. S., and S. Paul. "Energy Conservation in Air Cooled Condenser: A Case Study." Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series C 95, no. 1 (January 2014): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40032-014-0095-3.

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25

Yu, F. W., and K. T. Chan. "Optimizing condenser fan control for air-cooled centrifugal chillers." International Journal of Thermal Sciences 47, no. 7 (July 2008): 942–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2007.07.018.

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26

Huang, Chen, Yang, Du, and Yang. "Cooling Performance Enhancement of Air-Cooled Condensers by Guiding Air Flow." Energies 12, no. 18 (September 11, 2019): 3503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12183503.

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Adverse wind effects on the thermo-flow performances of air-cooled condensers (ACCs) can be effectively restrained by wind-proof devices, such as air deflectors. Based on a 2 × 300 MW coal-fired power generation unit, two types (plane and arc) of air deflectors were installed beneath the peripheral fans to improve the ACC’s cooling performance. With and without air deflectors, the air velocity, temperature, and pressure fields near the ACCs were simulated and analyzed in various windy conditions. The total air mass flow rate and unit back pressure were calculated and compared. The results show that, with the guidance of deflectors, reverse flows are obviously suppressed in the upwind condenser cells under windy conditions, which is conducive to an increased mass flow rate and heat dissipation and, subsequently, introduces a favorable thermo-flow performance of the cooling system. When the wind speed increases, the leading flow effect of the air deflectors improves, and improvements in the ACC’s performance in the wind directions of 45° and –45° are more satisfactory. However, hot plume recirculation may impede performance when the wind direction is 0°. For all cases, air deflectors in an arc shape are recommended to restrain the disadvantageous wind effects.

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27

Mansour, M. Khamis, M. N. Musa, and M. N. Wan Hassan. "Thermal and economical optimization for a finned-tube, air-cooled condenser design of a roof-top bus air-conditioning system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 221, no. 11 (November 1, 2007): 1363–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes635.

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The current paper presents a methodology of a design optimization technique that can be useful in assessing the best configuration of a finned-tube condenser, using a thermal and economical optimization approach. The assessment has been carried out on an air-cooled finned-tube condenser of a vapour compression cycle for a roof-top bus air-conditioning system at a specified cooling capacity. The methodology has been conducted by studying the effect of some operational and geometrical design parameters for the condenser on the entire cycle exergy destruction or irreversibility, air-conditioning system coefficient of performance (COP), and total annual cost. The heat exchangers for the bus air-conditioning system are featured by a very compact frontal area due to the stringent space limitations and structure standard for the system installation. Therefore, the current study also takes in its account the effect of the varying design parameters on the condenser frontal area. The irreversibility due to heat transfer across the stream-to-stream temperature-difference and due to frictional pressure-drops is calculated as a function of the design parameters. A cost function is introduced, defined as the sum of two contributions, the investment expense of the condenser material and the system compressor, and the operational expense of air-conditioning system, which is usually driven by an auxiliary engine or coupled with the main bus engine. The optimal trade-off between investment and operating cost is therefore investigated. A numerical example is discussed, in which, a comparison between the commercial condenser design and optimal design configuration has been presented in terms of the system COP and condenser material cost. The results show that a significant improvement can be obtained for the optimal condenser design compared to that of the commercial finned-tube condenser, which is designed based on the conventional values of the design parameters.

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Mathur, A. C., and S. C. Kaushik. "Energy saving through evaporatively cooled condenser air in conventional air-conditioning units." International Journal of Ambient Energy 15, no. 2 (April 1994): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01430750.1994.9675634.

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29

Zhou, Yu, You-liang Cheng, Ning Zhang, and Hong-bo Shi. "Numerical simulation study of novel air-cooled condenser with lateral air supply." Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 13 (March 2019): 100354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2018.11.005.

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30

Sun, Ying, and Yan Hong. "Analysis of Dynamic Performance of Air-Cooled Condenser Structure System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 2675–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.2675.

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In situ measurements on two power plants designed air-cooled condenser structure were described in this paper. Operating condition was divided into three types to test the structure system, and then obtaining the data of time-domain waveform and spectrum analysis in each condition. Cycle, frequency and vibration mode of the structure system were obtained by analyzing the data. Meanwhile, the structure was theoretically calculated using finite element program, gaining the cycle, frequency and vibration mode of the structure system. It was concluded that basic vibration mode of the structure system was space torsional vibration by comparison between theoretical values and measured values.

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31

Joo, Jeong-A., In-Hwan Hwang, Young-Il Cho, and Dong-Hwan Lee. "Preventing Freezing of Condensate inside Tubes of Air-Cooled Condenser." Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B 36, no. 8 (August 1, 2012): 811–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-b.2012.36.8.811.

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32

Cha, Hun, Gwang-Nyeon Ryu, and Jung-Rae Kim. "Study on Performance Improvement Air Cooled Condenser Considering Ambient Condition." Transactions of the KSME C: Industrial Technology and Innovation 3, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-c.2015.3.3.201.

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33

Zhang, Xuelei, and Haiping Chen. "Performance Forecast of Air-Cooled Steam Condenser under Windy Conditions." Journal of Energy Engineering 142, no. 1 (March 2016): 04015010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ey.1943-7897.0000274.

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34

Raja, B., S. J. Sekhar, and D. M. Lal. "Thermal—fluid modelling of an air—cooled condenser for refrigerants." Journal of Engineering Thermophysics 19, no. 1 (February 16, 2010): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1810232810010066.

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35

Gadhamshetty, V., N. Nirmalakhandan, M. Myint, and C. Ricketts. "Improving Air-Cooled Condenser Performance in Combined Cycle Power Plants." Journal of Energy Engineering 132, no. 2 (August 2006): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9402(2006)132:2(81).

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36

Matthee, Alexander, Rong‐Jie Wang, Charles J. Agenbach, Daniel N. J. Els, and Maarten J. Kamper. "Evaluation of a magnetic gear for air‐cooled condenser applications." IET Electric Power Applications 12, no. 5 (April 9, 2018): 677–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-epa.2017.0714.

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37

Li, Wenguang, Guopeng Yu, Daniele Zagaglia, Richard Green, and Zhibin Yu. "CFD modelling of a thermal chimney for air-cooled condenser." Geothermics 88 (November 2020): 101908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2020.101908.

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38

Lu, Hong Liang, Xiao Long Xue, Xiao Ying Tang, Jian Xun Ding, Xue Feng Geng, and Xiao Min Liu. "Nonuniform Flow Distribution Analysis of Air-Cooled Heat Exchanger." Applied Mechanics and Materials 750 (April 2015): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.750.345.

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The header and the multiple microchannel tubes connected to the header compose a complicated fluid network with several circuits, and the refrigerant flow into the header and is distributed to the microchannels in parallel by the refrigerant pressure driving in the inlet. So all changed details of geometry, operating conditions and thermophysical properties of the fluids lead to nonuniform refrigerant flow distribution in the microchannels. In the present work, one 6-pass 40-tube microchannel condenser as the research objective was equipped in a window type air conditioner prototype with the cooling capacity 5200W for Middle East T3 climate. A mathematical model based on fluid network theory was developed to predict flow distribution and phase separation in 9 flat tubes and their connecting headers on the second pass of the microchannel condenser. In the assumption of homogeneous flow, the mesh current analysis was employed to solve the mass flow of the loopi+1 by that of the loopi upon two phase pressure drop. The simulated mass flow rate distribution in 9 tubes is parabolic and approaches to uniform distribution when inlet quality comes to the median 0.45 from both directions.

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Cai, Wei, Xiao Man Du, and Zhao Hui Wu. "A Preliminary Research on Operation Mode of Condensing Heat Recovery Hot Water Supply System for Water-Cooled Chillers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 55-57 (May 2011): 618–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.55-57.618.

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The objective of the present paper is to investigate the condenser heat recovery in water-cooled chiller system. According to the technology characteristics of vapor compression refrigerating cycle, the viewpoint of condensing heat reclaim was proposed, and heat recovery system can be used in buildings. Air-cooled and water-cooled chillers with heat reclaim capability were discussed. Three optimized water system designs were introduced for more heat recovery or higher heating water temperature. The results show that it is very useful for designing and developing the new heat recovery unit with high efficiency, energy conservation, and environmental protection by analyzing the feature feasibility of condenser heat recovery system. The control of entering-condenser water temperature is recommended for higher chiller efficiency and operating steadily, the water system designs of preferential loading and side stream are for more heat recovery.

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Alva, Luis H., and Jorge E. Gonza´lez. "Simulation of an Air-Cooled Solar-Assisted Absorption Air Conditioning System." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 124, no. 3 (August 1, 2002): 276–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1487885.

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This paper investigates the technical feasibility of using a compact, air-cooled, solar-assisted, absorption air conditioning system in Puerto Rico and similar regions. Computer simulations were conducted to evaluate the system’s performance when subjected to dynamic cooling loads. Within the computer model, heat and mass balances are conducted on each component of the system, including the solar collectors, thermal storage tank, the air-cooled condenser, and the air-cooled absorber. Guidance on component design and insight into the effects of such operating factors as ambient air temperature were gained from exercizing the simulation model. Comparisons are made with an absorption air conditioning system that uses a cooling tower instead of air-cooled components. The particular absorption system of study is one that uses lithium bromide and water as the absorbent and refrigerant, respectively. The heat input to the absorption system generator is provided by an array of flat plate collectors that are coupled to a thermal storage tank. Systems having nominal cooling capacities of 10.5, 14, and 17.5 kW were considered. Useful information about the number of collectors needed, storage tank volume, and efficiency of the overall system is presented.

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Li, Jing Ming, Fu Chuan Song, Guo Biao Gu, and Xin Dong Tian. "Application of Air-Cooled Close-Loop Self-Circulation Evaporative Cooling System on Wind Power Generator." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 675–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.675.

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The application of evaporative cooling technology in the cooling of large wind power generator is a new attempt in the discovery of wind power energy. In some particular circumstances, the air-cooling condenser must be adopted as the secondary cooler in the evaporative cooling system of large wind generator. For the cooling medium in the air-cooling condenser is the air and the distribution of temperature is uneven along the cooling tube, so it’s necessary to do deep research on it. Experiments are carried out to study the heat transfer characteristics of the air-cooling condenser used in the Close-loop Self-circulating (CLSC) evaporative cooling system. The temperature distribution and the heat transfer can be acquired from the experiment. Thorough study is carried out on restart up of the close-loop evaporative cooling system of the wind power generator. Experiments are done in the laboratory and real wind power generator, and it’s found that there is a critical point in the restart up of the generator. Only if the flow head overcome the critical point can the wind power generator restart automatically. The result shows that heat transfer can be enhanced by some special method and the air-cooling condenser can satisfy the demand of the cooling system.

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Wu, Dian Fa, Ning Ling Wang, Peng Fu, and Sheng Wei Huang. "Exergy Analysis of Coal-Fired Power Plants in Two Cooling Condition." Applied Mechanics and Materials 654 (October 2014): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.654.101.

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The distribution of exergy destruction is different in power plant systems with water cooled condenser and air cooled condenser. A detailed comparison based on a conventional Rankine cycle with two different cooling configurations is carried out in this paper in an exergy perspective. The inefficiency of the overall systems is analyzed in the same amount of heat transfer capacity condition, it shows that the distribution of exergy destruction among components is similar in both conditions. And this study of energy consumption is benefit for realization of auto-efficient-working power plants in future.

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Benyoussef, El Hadi, and Rahma Bessah. "Potential of Renewable Energies Integration in an Essential Oils Extraction Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 492 (January 2014): 561–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.492.561.

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This paper presents an essential oil extraction process in accordance with sustainable development and environmental protection. The idea is to use vegetal plant after extraction as a source of energy for steam production and the condensation of steam containing essential oil is ensured by an air-cooled condenser. In this prospect, a biomass burner was designed and its efficiency was evaluated and compared to an electrical heating system. From the experiments it was found that biomass could supply the energy needed to produce steam for essential oil extraction process. The essential oil yield and composition are comparable to those obtained by a classical method using an electrical heating system and a water-cooled condenser. The industrial projection and innovation lays in the integration of renewable energy in existing mobile extraction units by using solid waste as a source of energy for steam production. The condensation of steam containing essential oil can be ensured by an air-cooled condenser with fans powered by photovoltaic solar energy. Possibilities of clean energy integration and water economy in such process unit are the major technological advance in this alternative approach for energy and water savings especially in agro-based industries.

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Kula, Sinan. "Design Studies of Two Stage Cooling Loop for New Generation Vehicles." Academic Perspective Procedia 3, no. 1 (October 25, 2020): 550–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.03.01.104.

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In this article, the design and integration of an intelligent refrigeration system that increases air conditioning and engine efficiency, reduces fuel consumption and emission levels in vehicles manufactured today will be examined. This design will include a two-stage cooling system. Two-stage cooling unit consist; high temperature radiator and low temperature radiator. The engine coolant will be cooled in the high temperature radiator. In the low temperature radiator, coolant of water cooled air charger and air conditioning condenser will be cooled. It is aimed to increase the engine efficiency by cooling more efficiently, thanks to the heat carrying capacity of the water which is high compared to air. With this project, it is aimed to cool the heated air after the turbocharging and air conditioning gas in the vehicle with water instead of air.

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Sumara, Zdeněk, and Michal Šochman. "CFD study on the effects of boundary conditions on air flow through an air-cooled condenser." EPJ Web of Conferences 180 (2018): 02103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818002103.

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This study focuses on the effects of boundary conditions on effectiveness of an air-cooled condenser (ACC). Heat duty of ACC is very often calculated for ideal uniform velocity field which does not correspond to reality. Therefore, this study studies the effect of wind and different landscapes on air flow through ACC. For this study software OpenFOAM was used and the flow was simulated with the use of RANS equations. For verification of numerical setup a model of one ACC cell with dimensions of platform 1.5×1.5 [m] was used. In this experiment static pressures behind fan and air flows through a model of surface of condenser for different rpm of fan were measured. In OpenFOAM software a virtual clone of this experiment was built and different meshes, turbulent models and numerical schemes were tested. After tuning up numerical setup virtual model of real ACC system was built. Influence of wind, landscape and height of ACC on air flow through ACC has been investigated.

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Youbi-Idrissi, M., H. Macchi-Tejeda, L. Fournaison, and J. Guilpart. "Numerical model of sprayed air cooled condenser coupled to refrigerating system." Energy Conversion and Management 48, no. 7 (July 2007): 1943–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2007.01.025.

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Zhao, Jinfeng, Zhongbao Feng, Zhongzhou Dou, Yingying Yao, Aijun Zhu, Yang Li, Yan Liu, Yan Jiang, and Zhipeng Jiang. "Numerical analysis of factors affecting condensation capacity of air-cooled condenser." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 227 (March 2, 2019): 032030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/227/3/032030.

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Zhang, Xuelei, Yunpeng Li, and Haiping Chen. "Performance Assessment of Air-Cooled Steam Condenser with Guide Vane Cascade." Journal of Thermal Science 28, no. 5 (August 28, 2019): 993–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11630-019-1116-6.

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He, W. F., Y. P. Dai, J. F. Wang, M. Q. Li, and Q. Z. Ma. "Performance prediction of an air-cooled steam condenser using UDF method." Applied Thermal Engineering 50, no. 1 (January 2013): 1339–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.06.020.

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Astolfi, M., L. Noto La Diega, M. C. Romano, U. Merlo, S. Filippini, and E. Macchi. "Application Of The Novel “Emeritus” Air Cooled Condenser In Geothermal ORC." Energy Procedia 129 (September 2017): 479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.09.164.

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