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Academic literature on the topic 'Air – Échantillonnage – Appareils et matériel'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Air – Échantillonnage – Appareils et matériel"
Lemieux, Joanie. "Validation d'échantillonneurs d'air et biais sur la diversité." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36720.
Full textDifferent types of air samplers are available to harvest bioaerosols. They all have their advantages and disadvantages, but of these types, one in particular is likely to introduce bias in the treatment and analysis of the results. Liquid-based samplers see a portion of their collection fluid evaporate during operation, which would favor either the loss of bioaerosols by re-aerosolization or their concentration in the fluid. Very little knowledge is known about re-aerosolization, concentration and their effects on results. The main purpose of this study was to document how the evaporation of the collection fluid impacts air sampling. In vitro experiments, in which collection vessels from two liquid samplers (Coriolisμ® and BioSampler®) were inoculated with known bacterial consortia, concluded that reaerosolization and concentration are complex phenomena. Indeed, they are difficult to predict and seem influenced by evaporation, the bacterial genus, the hydrophobicity of the bacterial membrane, the interaction with other bacteria, the composition of the collection fluid, the flow and capture mechanism of the sampler. In addition, experiments in a natural environment have made it possible to compare the diversity harvested by the liquid-based and filter-based samplers by high throughput sequencing methods. One of the peculiarities of this study was that a cassette containing a filter was connected to the BioSampler® air outlet to collect the re-aerosolized bacteria during sampling. The results are unequivocal, several bacterial genera are totally re-aerosolized from the BioSampler® collection vessel. More than half of the bacterial genera harvested by the Coriolisμ® differ from those of the BioSampler®, and vice versa. The filter samplers both harvested a similar bacterial diversity. These results are an important contribution to the scientific field since they prove the biases induced by liquid type samplers.
Verreault, Daniel. "Aerovirology and the detection of airborne viruses." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26924/26924.pdf.
Full textPalacios, Rios Joahnn Hernando. "Amélioration d'un échantillonneur à flux passif pour la mesure de l'oxyde nitreux (N₂O)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21967.
Full textCordier, Nicolas. "Développement et évaluation de stratégies de contrôle de ventilation appliquées aux locaux de grandes dimensions." Lyon, INSA, 2007. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0105/these.pdf.
Full textAir renewal in buildings represents at the same time a major issue of public health, taking into account harmful effects of interior’s pollutants on health, a main energy stake, considering induced consumptions, and in parallel a paramount environmental issue. As a result, the systems of conditioning and renewal of air from now on are thought by considering the capacity simultaneously to maintain indoor air quality, the faculty to ensure the thermal comfort of the occupants, and the effectiveness to minimize the energy expenditure. In this context and the particular case of the typology of the large-sized buildings, the interest of an optimal control of ventilation appears, and this more especially as the occupation in the room can appear highly variable in space and time. The adjustment of the renewal of the air to the real needs for the room, closely related to the occupation, makes it possible to optimize the energy expenditure of the systems by ensuring indoor air qaulity and thermal comfort of the occupants. The study presents the development and the evaluation of strategies of ventilation control applied to the large buildings, through a numerical and experimental study. The installation of an experimental platform allows the development of a thermo-aerodynamics model of a large-sized room, developed on the basis of code CFD. While being pressed on these tools, strategies of ventilation control, defining a whole of controllers, initially simple then more advanced with the integration of fuzzy logic, are worked out, analyzed then evaluated according to criteria and established functions of performance
Sorli, Brice. "Conception et réalisation de capteurs d'humidité utilisant un convertisseur thermoélectrique à détection mécanique, thermique et optique : application à la mesure d'aw dans l'agroalimentaire." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20114.
Full textKoffi, Juslin Kouadio. "Analyse multicritères des stratégies de ventilation en maisons individuelles." La Rochelle, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LAROS273.
Full textThe large number of indoor air pollutants and buildings energy requirements lead to adapting various ventilation strategies. The thesis intends to evaluate and compare some strategies based on these criteria. Pollution scenarios are investigated in the experimental house MARIA by means of tracer gas methods in order to deal with internal airflow patterns and pollutant spread. Results show the best performance with mechanical balanced ventilation which protects the main rooms from pollution. Exhaust ventilation and natural ventilation yield rather acceptable IAQ. However the airflow patterns are disturbed by doors opening and air infiltration due to wind. The numerical assessment of ventilation strategies requires the development of a multizone building model quite useful in simulating heat and mass transfer problems in buildings: this model is used to simulate MARIA, coupled with ventilation systems, in Matlab/Simulink environment. Numerical results are compared to the experimental ones and show similar dynamics in relevance to gas concentrations. However, the high pollution levels provided by the model indicate that a suitable model requires an accurate knowledge of air leakages by façade and between rooms. The numerical investigations performed during a heating season show good IAQ and energy performances for balanced ventilation. Humidity controlled ventilation reduces energy costs but fails to ensure a good IAQ. Natural ventilation though seems oversized yields a worse IAQ compared to the reference system. Finally the ventilation effectiveness appears as one of the most essential factors in maintaining good IAQ in buildings
Zeineddine, Ali. "Design of a generic digital front-end for the internet of things." Thesis, CentraleSupélec, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CSUP0001.
Full textThe number of wireless communication technologies and standards is constantly increasing to provide communication solutions for today’s technological needs. This is particularly relevant in the domain of the Internet of Things (IoT), where many standards are available, and many others are expected. To efficiently deploy the IoT network, the interoperability between the different solutions is critical. Interoperability on the physical level is achieved through multi-standard modems. These modems are made possible through the digital front-end (DFE), that offers a flexible radio front-end able of processing a wide range of signal types. This thesis first develops a generic architecture of both transmission and reception DFEs, which can be easily adapted to support different IoT standards. These architectures highlight the main role of sample rate conversion (SRC) in the DFE, and the importance of optimizing the SRC implementation. This optimization is then achieved through an in-depth study of the SRC functions, and the development of new structures of improved efficiency in terms of implementation complexity and power consumption, while offering equivalent or improved performance. The final part of the thesis addresses the optimization of the DFE hardware implementation, which is achieved through developing an optimal quantization method that minimizes the use of hardware resources while guaranteeing a given performance constraint. The obtained results are finally highlighted through implementing and comparing different implementation strategies on both field programmable gate array (FPGA) and application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) targets
Brenner, Lorenz. "Exergy-based performance assessment and optimization potential of refrigeration plants in air-conditioning applications." Thesis, Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSEI014.
Full textA significant amount of energy consumption in buildings is due to heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems. Among other systems, refrigeration plants are subject of efficiency improvements. However, actual operating conditions of such plants and the performance must be known as well as any eventual optimization potential identified before enhancements can take place. Energy and exergy analyses have been widely used to assess the performance of refrigeration systems. Among others, exergy efficiency is used as an indicator to determine the system performance; however, the practical achievable values are unknown. Therefore, this work proposes a practice-oriented evaluation method for refrigeration plants, based on exergy analysis and technical standards as baseline. The identification of possible enhancements is highly relevant in practice, as measures which improve the system effectiveness most likely prevent frequent shortcomings during refrigeration plant operation. With the introduced optimization potential index (OPI), the achievable enhancements compared to the state of the art in technology and the performance are identified at a glance regardless the complexity of the system. By dividing the plant into different subsystems, each of them can be assessed individually. Laypersons can easily determine the system operating state and subsequently, if needed, initiate a detailed analysis as well as appropriate countermeasures by specialist. Moreover, modeling is seen as an appropriate method to determine additional reference values for refrigeration machines if none are available according to technical standards. Among different modeling techniques, artificial neural network models reveal the best performance for the present application. The application, functionality and purpose of the presented method is exemplified on two numerical test cases and on a real field plant as a case study. The investigation reveals an adequate operation of the studied field plant in general, where three out of seven cooling locations have performance issues. The reason should be identified in a subsequent detailed study. Overall, the auxiliary electrical exergy input shows the same magnitude as the thermal exergy input. This emphasizes the importance of minimizing the electrical energy usage, as it is the main overhead in the operating cost of refrigeration plants and also to achieve an increase in system performance. Moreover, measuring concepts of real systems are analyzed and the corresponding retrofitting costs for the application of the presented approach are identified. It is shown that a retrofit of the instrumentation can be worthwhile if the refrigeration plant already comprises a measuring concept close to the state of the art
Mafuta, Kasonga Rody. "Impact de la mécanisation sur la ventilation dans les mines souterraines du Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30461/30461.pdf.
Full textThe objective of this project is to develop a profile of the use of equipment powered by an internal combustion engine in Quebec underground mines and establish their impact on air quality. Thus, from June 2010 to September 2011, 17 underground mines in the province were contacted. The database obtained contains 9 producing mines and 4 mines under development. These data were used to calculate indices of compliance with respect to concentration limits and sampling of carbon monoxide as well as diesel particulate matter (DPM). In addition, some DPM control technologies are presented, the potential for reducing the average concentration of DPM in the main network is evaluated for some control technologies. Finally, some indices were calculated to establish the impact of mechanization on ventilation requirements.
Dutil, Steve. "Caractérisation des bioaerosols dentaires : un regard sur l'eau des unités dentaires." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20120.
Full textBooks on the topic "Air – Échantillonnage – Appareils et matériel"
Ramachandran, Gurumurthy. Occupational exposure assessment for air contaminants. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis, 2005.
Find full textRamachandran, Gurumurthy. Occupational exposure assessment for air contaminants. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis, 2005.
Find full textNess, Shirley A. Air monitoring for toxic exposures: An integrated approach. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1991.
Find full textB, Miller Wilma, ed. Blueprint reading for heating, ventilating, and air conditioning. Albany: Delmar, 1996.
Find full textNess, Shirley A. Air Monitoring for Toxic Exposures. 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons, 1997.
Find full textNess, Shirley A. Air Monitoring for Toxic Exposures: An Integrated Approach. 2nd ed. Wiley-Interscience, 2007.
Find full textCanada, Canada Environnement, and Centre de technologie environnementale. Section de l'élaboration et de l'application des méthodes., eds. Méthodes de référence pour le contrôle à la source: Détermination des émissions de chlorure de vinyle rejetées par les usines de chlorure de vinyle et de chlorure de polyvinyle. Ottawa, Ont: Environnement Canada, 2006.
Find full textNotice on the Quebec Steam Mechanical Bakery: Tourangeau's mechanical kneading trough and hot air oven, bread put into the oven without putting the hand to it in less than a minute. [Quebec?: s.n.], 1985.
Find full textThe Canadian Air Gas Machine Manufacturing Company: Factory and works ... Toronto, head offices ... Montreal, P.Q. : agents wanted in every town, send for terms to agents. [S.l: s.n., 1986.
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