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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Air-gaps

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Academic literature on the topic 'Air-gaps'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Air-gaps"

1

Burkey, John M., and William H. Lippy. "Small air-bone gaps." Hearing Journal 52, no. 6 (1999): 63–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00025572-199906000-00007.

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Kohl, Paul A. "Air-Gaps for Electrical Interconnections." Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters 1, no. 1 (1999): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.1390631.

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Rezinkina, M. M., O. L. Rezinkin, A. R. Danyliuk, V. I. Revuckiy, and A. N. Guchenko. "PHYSICAL MODELING OF ELECTRICAL PHYSICAL PROCESSESAT LONG AIR GAPS BREAKDOWN." Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika 2017, no. 1 (2017): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/techned2017.01.029.

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Margolis, Robert H., Richard H. Wilson, Gerald R. Popelka, Robert H. Eikelboom, De Wet Swanepoel, and George L. Saly. "Distribution Characteristics of Air-Bone Gaps." Ear and Hearing 37, no. 2 (2016): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aud.0000000000000246.

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Wolf, Heinrich, Horst Gieser, Detlef Bonfert, and Markus Hauser. "ESD Susceptibility of Submicron Air Gaps." Microelectronics Reliability 46, no. 9-11 (2006): 1587–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microrel.2006.07.039.

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Gosset, L. G., A. Farcy, J. de Pontcharra, et al. "Advanced Cu interconnects using air gaps." Microelectronic Engineering 82, no. 3-4 (2005): 321–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2005.07.014.

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Zhang, Zhuoran, Shengjie Ma, Ji Dai, and Yangguang Yan. "Investigation of Hybrid Excitation Synchronous Machines With Axial Auxiliary Air-Gaps and Non-Uniform Air-Gaps." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 50, no. 3 (2014): 1729–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2013.2282937.

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Urata, E. "Influence of unequal air-gap thickness in servo valve torque motors." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 221, no. 11 (2007): 1287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes709.

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The current paper considers servo valve torque motors having four air-gaps. An ideal for these types of torque motors is to have four equal air-gaps at free state. However, real servo valve torque motors have unequal air-gaps due to production errors. Because the influence of the inequality of air-gaps is not clear, servo valve manufacturers have made great efforts to establish the equality of the air-gaps. The current paper gives a prospect on how an imbalance of air-gaps changes the flux densities in the air-gaps and the resultant torque characteristic. An important result of the paper is th

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CAO, Da, Yu AIDA, Naohisa INOUE, and Tetsuya SAKUMA. "Examination of the effect of air gaps on impact sound insulation performance of dry-type double floor system." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 270, no. 9 (2024): 2577–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2024_3205.

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The dry-type double floor system is a floor finishing structure widely installed for apartments and offices in Japan. However, after installing the double floor system, it is found that the impact sound insulation performance using a heavy-weight impact source is usually reduced due to the resonance of the air layer between the floor panels and the concrete slab. To reduce this adverse effect, small air gaps are set between the floor panels and the surrounding walls. In this paper, an experimental study is conducted firstly. A small specimen including particle board, support legs and air gaps

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Salmon, Caroline, Sébastien Barriat, Laurent Demanez, David Magis, and Philippe Lefebvre. "Audiometric Results after Stapedotomy Operations in Patients with Otosclerosis and Preoperative Small Air-Bone Gaps." Audiology and Neurotology 20, no. 5 (2015): 330–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000433510.

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Objectives: The efficacy of stapedotomies performed on patients with small air-bone gaps (<25 dB) was compared with the efficacy of the operation in patients who had otosclerosis with high air-bone gaps (≥25 dB). Methods: This retrospective study evaluates the short-term postoperative air and bone conduction thresholds and air-bone gaps after 182 CO2 laser stapedotomies. Results: A significantly smaller air-bone gap and lower air conduction thresholds after surgery were observed in the group of patients who underwent surgery with preoperative air-bone gaps of less than 25 dB. Bone conductio

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Air-gaps"

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af, Klintberg Tord. "Air Gap Method : Air-Gaps in Building Construction to avoid Dampness & Mould." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-102873.

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Jørstad, Jonathan S. "Effect of Barriers in Air Insulated Rod-Plane Gaps." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for elkraftteknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-19041.

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The purpose of the experiments conducted in this Master's thesis is to predict and explain the change in breakdown voltage when insulating barriers are introduced in a rod-plane gap arrangement. The experiments have been conducted with positive lightning impulse voltage, using the up and down method to determine the 50 % breakdown voltage. A cylindrical rod with rounded tip and radius 3.5 mm was used as the high voltage electrode above a plane grounded electrode. The polycarbonate barriers used were 1 mm thick and of different sizes (4x4 cm, 6x6 cm, 8x8 cm, 16x16 cm, 30x30 cm and 40x40 cm

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Diaz, Oscar. "Numerical modelling of positive electrical discharges in long air gaps." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-298355.

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This dissertation deals with research on the numerical modelling of electrical discharges in laboratory long air gaps excited with positive switching impulses. It begins with the preliminary work of several scientists during the last decades, making a detailed analysis of different approaches for modelling all the stages in a full discharge. The relations between these models are identified as well as the effect on the outcome when modifying some important input parameters. The general concept describing the discharge phenomenon usually includes three main elements: the streamer inception, the

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af, Klintberg Tord. "Heated air gaps : a possibility to dry out dampness from building constructions." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Civil and Architectural Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9490.

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<p>The air gap method is a modification of the common way of building indoor walls and floors. The aim of the method is to make a construction, less fragile to water damage, with air gaps where moisture can be removed with a thermally driven air flow, caused by a heating cable. The thesis includes a number of experimental studies of this method.</p><p>Temperature and convective air flow in a vertical air gap was studied and it was noted how air flow increased with raised power of the heating cable. The air flow for one meter of wall varied between 50 m3/day (13 air changes per hour) and 140 m3

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Donuk, Atilla. "Modeling And Design Of Iron-core Shunt Reactors With Discretely Distributed Air-gaps." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614923/index.pdf.

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In this research work detailed parallel and series equivalent circuits of a gapped iron-core shunt reactor with discretely distributed gaps are derived. The validity of the recommended equivalent circuits is verified by Finite Element Analysis and laboratory tests. Effects of fringing flux and discretely distributed gaps on inductance parameters and reactor losses are also investigated. Moving Strip Method for discretely distributed gapped shunt reactors is recommended. Two design procedures for shunt reactor with discretely distributed gaps are developed within the scope of this thesis. A s

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Stenlund, Valdemar. "Eddy Current Losses in the Vicinity of Reactor Air Gaps due to Fringing Flux." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-194493.

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The objective of this report is to investigate the fringing ﬂux around the air gap of a high frequency reactor and what correlation it has with losses, air gap length and frequency. A computer model is made using a ﬁnite element analysis software and a prototype reactor is built and tested on to verify the model. Variables such as air gap length, ripple frequency and current are changed in order to investigate diﬀerent relationships. Results show that the computer model is suﬃciently valid, and that trends regarding core losses versus frequency and air gap length correlates with theory. From t

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Gao, Jiachen <1995&gt. "Discharge characteristics and discharge simulation model of long air gaps containing a floating conductor." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/10521/1/JIACHEN_GAO_TESI.pdf.

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Long air gaps containing a floating conductor are common insulation types in power grids. During the transmission line live-line work, the process of lineman entering the transmission line air gap constitutes a live-line work combined air gap, which is a typical long air gap containing a floating conductor. This thesis investigates the discharge characteristics, the discharge mechanism and a discharge simulation model of long air gaps containing a floating conductor in order to address the engineering issues in live-line work. The innovative achievements of the thesis are as follows: (1) The

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Kelleher, Hollie Anne. "Air-Gaps via Thermally Decomposable Polymers and Their Application to Compliant Wafer Level Packaging (CWLP)." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/6987.

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A method was proposed for the fabrication of air-gaps embedded in dielectric layers using thermally decomposable sacrificial polymers. The research had two main objectives: (1) the development and characterization of air-gap fabrication for use in a wide spectrum of applications; and (2) the integration of air-gaps into a specific application: air-gaps in an integrated circuit compliant wafer level packaging technology, Sea of Leads. Polynorbornene and polycarbonate sacrificial materials were used to form air-gaps at temperatures of 200, 300, and 400oC. Fabrication results of air-gaps

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Park, Seongho. "Materials, Processes, and Characterization of Extended Air-gaps for the Intra-level Interconnection of Integrated Circuits." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22598.

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Materials, Processes, and Characterization of Extended Air-gaps for the Intra-level Interconnection of Integrated Circuits Seongho Park 157 pages Directed by Dr. Paul A. Kohl and Dr. Sue Ann Bidstrup Allen The integration of an air-gap as an ultra low dielectric constant material in an intra-metal dielectric region of interconnect structure in integrated circuits was investigated in terms of material properties of a thermally decomposable sacrificial polymer, fabrication processes and electrical performance. Extension of the air-gap into the inter-layer dielectric region reduces the

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Kiousis, Konstantinos N. "Investigation and analysis of the electro-hydrodynamic (EHD) effects in asymmetric air gaps : the wire-cylinder case." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2942.

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In this work, the electro-hydrodynamic (EHD) mechanism, in the case of a thin wire parallel to a conducting cylinder of significantly larger diameter, has been studied. The wire-cylinder geometry may be used in a wide range of applications as a corona discharge generating pair, due to its simple structure and the highly inhomogeneous electric field that can be generated under high voltage DC application, which, in turn, is capable of producing significant EHD flow in air. The physical phenomenon of the EHD effect has been studied through simulations, experiments and comparisons. The operationa

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Books on the topic "Air-gaps"

1

Persliden, Jan. Application of the Monte Carlo method to diagnostic radiology: Calculation of energy imparted to patients, small angle distribution of scattered photons and the reduction of scattered radiation by air gaps. Univ., 1986.

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2

Roth, Sheldon H. Health effects of hydrogen sulphide: Knowledge gaps. Alberta Environment, 2003.

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Office, General Accounting. Defense inventory: Gaps in accountability and visibility over army missiles and ammunition : report to the ranking minority member, Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, Committee on Governmental Affairs, U.S. Senate. U.S. General Accounting Office, 2001.

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Discharge in Long Air Gaps. Iop Publishing Ltd, 2016.

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5

Committee on Homeland Security (senate), United States Senate, and United States United States Congress. Closing the Gaps in Air Cargo Security. Independently Published, 2019.

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6

Air Force Officer Accession Planning: Addressing Key Gaps in Meeting Career Field Academic Degree Requirements for Nonrated Officers. RAND Corporation, 2016.

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Harrington, Lisa, and Tara Terry. Air Force Officer Accession Planning: Addressing Key Gaps in Meeting Career Field Academic Degree Requirements for Nonrated Officers. RAND Corporation, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7249/rr1099.

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Department of Defense. Breaking Stovepipes: Bridging Gaps in Air Force Industrial Control Systems Management to Enable Multi-Domain Mission Assurance - Improperly Organized for Missions Across Air, Space, and Cyberspace. Independently Published, 2019.

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9

Department of Defense. Air Force Intelligence Role in Combating Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) - ISR, Targeting, Predictive Analysis, Gaps, HUMINT, SIGINT, IMINT, Counterproliferation, Chemical, Biological, Nuclear. Independently Published, 2017.

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Department of Defense. Connecting United States Air Force Core Values to Mission Accomplishment - Zero-Defect Standards, Misapplication of the Wingman Concept, Gaps Between Education and Training, Disparate Reporting. Independently Published, 2019.

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Book chapters on the topic "Air-gaps"

1

Sathyakam, P. Uma, and Partha Sharathi Mallick. "Reducing Crosstalk Using Air Gaps." In Design and Crosstalk Analysis in Carbon Nanotube Interconnects. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8888-4_5.

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Lachaîne, A. "Photoacoustic Measurement of Subsurface Air Gaps." In Photoacoustic and Photothermal Phenomena. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48181-2_114.

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Ndou, Mpho, Clinton Aigbavboa, Wellington Thwala, and Abdul-Majeed Mahamadu. "Gaps in Indoor Air Quality Research." In An Indoor Air Quality Management Framework for Municipal Buildings in Developing Economies. Routledge, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003546900-9.

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Qiu, Zhibin, Jiangjun Ruan, and Shengwen Shu. "Impulse Discharge Voltage Prediction of Air Gaps." In Power Systems. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5163-0_6.

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Qiu, Zhibin, Jiangjun Ruan, and Shengwen Shu. "Power Frequency Breakdown Voltage Prediction of Air Gaps." In Power Systems. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5163-0_5.

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Andersen, K. T. "The effect of air gaps in uninsulated roofs." In Agricultural Engineering. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003211471-66.

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Abu-Seada, M. S., S. N. Salem, and H. Anis. "Breakdown of Air Gaps under Oscillatory Simulated Switching Surges." In Gaseous Dielectrics VI. Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3706-9_35.

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Meppelink, Jan. "Strength of Air Gaps at Inductive Coupled Surge Voltages." In The Lightning Rod as a Danger. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30434-7_17.

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Martin, J. C. "D.C. Breakdown Voltages of Non-Uniform Gaps in Air." In J. C. Martin on Pulsed Power. Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1561-0_11.

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Larsson, Mats, Christer Törnkvist, Karl Borg, Liliana Arevalo, and Dong Wu. "Non-continuous Positive Leader Propagation in Sphere-Plane Air Gaps." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31680-8_115.

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Conference papers on the topic "Air-gaps"

1

Chen, Yu-Sheng, Boyi Zhang, Peter Barbosa, and Feng Jin. "Variable Inductor with Adjustable Air Gaps." In 2024 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/ecce55643.2024.10861661.

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Mikropoulos, Pantelis N., Petros P. Tsouris, Ioannis A. Chatzichristodoulou, and Konstantinos K. Binias. "Positive lightning breakdown characteristics of short rod-plane air gaps." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Applications (ICHVE). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ichve61955.2024.10676070.

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Geethika, Kilari, N. Sai Vinay Kishore, and V. Seshadri Sravan Kumar. "An Improved Approach for Design of Inductors with Air Gaps." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems (PEDES). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/pedes61459.2024.10960843.

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Chen, Tianxiao, Pedro A. M. Bezerra, Zhengyan He, Jinlong Wang, and Eckart Hoene. "Highly Efficient Inductor Design Using X-Winding Concept with Distributed Air Gaps." In 2024 Energy Conversion Congress & Expo Europe (ECCE Europe). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecceeurope62508.2024.10751956.

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Jiang, Tingxiu, Yong Peng, Jianben Liu, Yan Liu, and Jiachen Gao. "Suspended Current Measurement Device for Long Air Gaps with A Floating Object." In 2024 6th International Conference on Power and Energy Technology (ICPET). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icpet62369.2024.10941023.

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Liu, Yu-Chen, and Shang-Syun Wu. "LLC Converter Main Transformer Losses: Eliminating Air Gaps and Integrating Parallel External Inductors." In 2025 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/apec48143.2025.10977208.

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Du, Longxin, Zhuoran Zhang, and Chen Wang. "Design and Analysis of a Hybrid Excitation Synchronous Generator with Radial Additional Air-Gaps." In 2024 27th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.23919/icems60997.2024.10921007.

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Biasizzo, Marco, Cristian Giovanni Colombo, Alberto Dolara, and Michela Longo. "Impact of Air Gaps into the Ferrite Core of Inductive Wireless Power Transfer Systems." In 2025 IEEE Wireless Power Technology Conference and Expo (WPTCE). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/wptce62521.2025.11062221.

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Syssoev, Vladimir S., and Yuri V. Shcherbakov. "Electrical Strength of Ultra-Long Air Gaps." In International Conference on Lightning and Static Electricity. SAE International, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-2898.

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Prawoto, Clarissa, Zichao Ma, Ying Xiao, Salahuddin Raju, Changjian Zhou, and Mansun Chan. "High Frequency Monolithic Inductor with Air-Gaps." In 2020 4th IEEE Electron Devices Technology & Manufacturing Conference (EDTM). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/edtm47692.2020.9117825.

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Reports on the topic "Air-gaps"

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Sloan, Mark R. Transforming the Air Force: Bridging the Gaps with Servant-Leadership. Defense Technical Information Center, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada539701.

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Aparicio, Gabriela, María Paula Gerardino, and Marcos Rangel. Gender Gaps in Birthweight: The Effects of Air Pollution across Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0001838.

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Copland, Allister, and Daniel Scheffler. Influence of Air Gaps on Long Rod Penetrators Attacking Multi-Plate Target Arrays. Defense Technical Information Center, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada411156.

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Avis, William Robert. Causes and Consequences of Air Pollution in Nepal. Institute of Development Studies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4dd.2024.016.

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This rapid evidence review explores the causes and consequences of air pollution in Nepal, focusing on particulate matter (PM2.5) and drawing from academic and grey literature. While evidence is expanding, there are geographical and thematic gaps, notably with more studies conducted in Kathmandu Valley. Major causes include urbanisation, vehicular emissions, brick kilns, and transboundary pollution. Health impacts are severe, reducing life expectancy and causing cardiovascular and lung diseases, with economic costs amounting to over 6% of GDP. Political and environmental dimensions are also cr

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Panek. PR-312-12208-R01 Plume Volume Molar Ratio Method Assumptions and Conservative Model Over-Predictions. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010806.

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With the introduction of the more stringent short-term 1-hour air quality NO2 standard, the use of redundant, overly conservative assumptions (e.g. use of permit allowable emissions � hourly rate based on maximum annual tons per year) is no longer appropriate and potentially misinforms and obfuscates modeling compliance demonstrations. One of the challenges of modeling oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions is determining the amount of total NOx that will exist in the form of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at a receptor. Combustion source emissions usually contain mostly nitric oxide (NO), which is not a

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Letcher, Theodore, Kent Sparrow, and Sandra LeGrand. Establishing a series of dust event case studies for East Asia. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47824.

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Dust aerosols have a wide range of effects on air quality, health, land-management decisions, aircraft operations, and sensor data interpretations. Therefore, the accurate simulation of dust plume initiation and transport is a priority for operational weather centers. Recent advancements have improved the performance of dust prediction models, but substantial capability gaps remain when forecasting the specific location and timing of individual dust events, especially extreme dust outbreaks. Operational weather forecasters and US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) researchers

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Carruth, William, Ester Tseng, and Victor Garcia. Full-depth reclamation equipment evaluation and expedient pavement reconstruction process development. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2025. https://doi.org/10.21079/11681/49613.

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Full-depth reclamation (FDR) is a rehabilitation approach that can be readily applied to rapidly restore the structural capacity of heavily distressed or structurally deficient airfield asphalt pavements. This report presents a market survey of compact FDR construction equipment that could be deployed in contingency environments. Current equipment inventories from the US Air Force and Marine Corps were reviewed to identify gaps in terms of equipment for pavement reconstruction via the FDR technique. Additionally, a field demonstration was conducted to assess the effectiveness and productivity

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David, Aharon. Unsettled Topics Concerning Airport Cybersecurity Standards and Regulation. SAE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021020.

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A large international airport is a microcosm of the entire aviation sector, hosting hundreds of different types of aviation and non-aviation stakeholders: aircraft, passengers, airlines, travel agencies, air traffic management and control, retails shops, runway systems, building management, ground transportation, and much more. Their associated information technology and cyber physical systems—along with an exponentially resultant number of interconnections—present a massive cybersecurity challenge. Unlike the physical security challenge, which was treated in earnest throughout the last decade

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Guerra, Flávia, Marisol Romero Magallán, Acoyani Adame, Gorka Zubicaray, Michael Roll, and Lucas Turmena. TUC City Profile: Naucalpan, Mexico. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/exzo5502.

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Naucalpan shares critical sustainability challenges with Mexico City due to geographic proximity, notably those related to transport. Furthermore, deindustrialization, lack of integrated urban planning and climate change exacerbate everyday problems in the municipality, including air and water pollution, poor waste management, inequality and poverty. Better understanding the links between these issues could inspire transformative climate action at the local level. A strategic long-term vision for a more sustainable Naucalpan could build upon existing multilevel collaboration agreements and tra

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Rushing, John, Webster Floyd, Stephen Turner, et al. The 2023 Joint Airfield Damage Repair Symposium (JADRS) at Fort Liberty, North Carolina. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2025. https://doi.org/10.21079/11681/49609.

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The US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) and the 20th Engineer Brigade, 27th Engineer Battalion, executed the Joint Airfield Damage Repair Symposium from 5 to 14 June 2023. The event was a training experience for personnel executing pavement-repair tasks and a planning and coordination exercise for senior military and civilian leaders developing technologies and plans for airfield damage repair (ADR). The participants included 14 trainers, 8 staff members, 48 observers, and 145 trainees from the US Army, Air Force, Navy, and Marines. The Military Occupational Specialty of mo

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