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Journal articles on the topic 'Air in liquid compound droplets'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Mota, Alisson A. B., Ulisses R. Antuniassi, Rodolfo G. Chechetto, Rone B. de Oliveira, and Anne C. A. e. Silva. "Effect of adjuvants on the amount of air included in droplets generated by spray nozzles." Engenharia Agrícola 33, no. 6 (2013): 1281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69162013000600020.

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The air included in droplets generated by spray nozzles directly int0erferes in transport, deposition and retention of the droplets after its impact on the target. The objective of this study was to analyze the interference of adjuvants in the amount of air included in droplets generated by spray nozzles. The treatments were composed by four spray solutions containing mineral oil, vegetable oil, surfactant and water, and three spray nozzles, two air induction type and one pre-orifice. The air included was calculated by the difference between the volume of spray mix (air plus liquid) and only t

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2

Shinjo, J., J. Xia, L. C. Ganippa, and A. Megaritis. "Puffing-enhanced fuel/air mixing of an evaporating -decane/ethanol emulsion droplet and a droplet group under convective heating." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 793 (March 18, 2016): 444–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.130.

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Puffing of a decane/ethanol emulsion droplet and a droplet group under convective heating and its effects on fuel/air mixing are investigated by direct numerical simulation that resolves all of the liquid/gas and liquid/liquid interfaces. With distinct differences in the boiling point between decane and ethanol, the embedded ethanol sub-droplets can be superheated and boil explosively. Puffing, i.e. ejection of ethanol vapour, occurs from inside the parent decane droplet, causing secondary breakup of the droplet. The ejected ethanol vapour mixes with the outer gas mixture composed of air and v

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3

Yasuda, Naohiro, Koji Yamamura, and Yasuhiko H. Mori. "Impingement of liquid jets at atmospheric and elevated pressures: an observational study using paired water jets or water and methylcyclohexane jets." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 466, no. 2124 (2010): 3501–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2010.0144.

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We have observed the impingement of two cylindrical liquid jets of either the same liquid, water, or two mutually immiscible liquids, water and methylcyclohexane (MCH), in either air under normal pressure (0.101 MPa) or nitrogen gas under elevated pressures up to 4.0 MPa. The flow rates of the two jets were adjusted such that they had equal axial momentum. Irrespective of the system pressure, we distinguished two characteristic regimes: the lower flow-rate regime, in which the jet impingement formed a regularly shaped planar sheet, and a higher flow-rate regime, in which a wrinkled sheet repea

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4

Shibaev, P. V., M. Wenzlick, J. Murray, A. Tantillo, and J. Howard-Jennings. "Rebirth of Liquid Crystals for Sensoric Applications: Environmental and Gas Sensors." Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/729186.

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Films and droplets of liquid crystals may soon become an essential part of sensitive environmental sensors and detectors of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the air. In this paper a short overview of recent progress in the area of sensors based on liquid crystals is presented, along with the studies of low molar mass liquid crystals as gas sensors. The detection of VOCs in the air may rely on each of the following effects sequentially observed one after the other: (i) slight changes in orientation and order parameter of liquid crystal, (ii) formation of bubbles on the top of the liquid cry

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5

Dupuy, R., P. Laj, and K. Sellegri. "Cn to ccn relationships and cloud microphysical properties in different air masses at a free tropospheric site." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 6, no. 1 (2006): 879–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-6-879-2006.

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Abstract. The fraction of aerosol particles activated to droplets (CCN) is often derived from semi-empirical relationships that commonly tend to overestimate droplet number concentration leading to major uncertainties in global climate models. One of the difficulties in relating aerosol concentration to cloud microphysics and cloud albedo lies in the necessity of working at a constant liquid water path (LWP), which is very difficult to control. In this study we observed the relationships between aerosol number concentration (NCN), cloud droplet concentration (Nd) and effective radius (Reff), a

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6

Kim, Jinhong, and Sung-Jin Park. "In-Situ Photo-Dissociation and Polymerization of Carbon Disulfide with Vacuum Ultraviolet Microplasma Flat Lamp for Organic Thin Films." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (2021): 2597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062597.

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Vacuum UV (VUV) photo-dissociation for a liquid phase organic compound, carbon disulfide (CS2), has been investigated. 172 nm (7.2 eV) VUV photons from Xe2* excimers in a microcavity plasma lamp irradiated free-standing liquid droplets on Si substrate in each a nitrogen environment and an atmospheric air environment. Selective and rapid dissociation of CS2 into C-C, C-S or C-O-S based fragments was observed in the different gas environments during the reaction. Thin-layered polymeric microdeposites have been identified by characterization with a Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy dispe

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7

Huang, Shuquan, Jessica Connolly, Andrei Khlystov, and Richard B. Fair. "Digital Microfluidics for the Detection of Selected Inorganic Ions in Aerosols." Sensors 20, no. 5 (2020): 1281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20051281.

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A prototype aerosol detection system is presented that is designed to accurately and quickly measure the concentration of selected inorganic ions in the atmosphere. The aerosol detection system combines digital microfluidics technology, aerosol impaction and chemical detection integrated on the same chip. Target compounds are the major inorganic aerosol constituents: sulfate, nitrate and ammonium. The digital microfluidic system consists of top and bottom plates that sandwich a fluid layer. Nozzles for an inertial impactor are built into the top plate according to known, scaling principles. Th

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8

Zamora, Rosendo, Juan Martínez-Pastor, and Félix Faura. "Thermal, Viscoelastic and Surface Properties of Oxidized Field’s Metal for Additive Microfabrication." Materials 14, no. 23 (2021): 7392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237392.

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Field’s metal, a low-melting-point eutectic alloy composed of 51% In, 32.5 Bi% and 16.5% Sn by weight and with a melting temperature of 333 K, is widely used as liquid metal coolant in advanced nuclear reactors and in electro–magneto–hydrodynamic two-phase flow loops. However, its rheological and wetting properties in liquid state make this metal suitable for the formation of droplets and other structures for application in microfabrication. As with other low-melting-point metal alloys, in the presence of air, Field’s metal has an oxide film on its surface, which provides a degree of malleabil

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9

Simon, Julianna C., Oleg A. Sapozhnikov, Vera A. Khokhlova, Lawrence A. Crum, and Michael R. Bailey. "Ultrasonic atomization of liquids in drop-chain acoustic fountains." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 766 (February 2, 2015): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.11.

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AbstractWhen focused ultrasound waves of moderate intensity in liquid encounter an air interface, a chain of drops emerges from the liquid surface to form what is known as a drop-chain fountain. Atomization, or the emission of micro-droplets, occurs when the acoustic intensity exceeds a liquid-dependent threshold. While the cavitation-wave hypothesis, which states that atomization arises from a combination of capillary-wave instabilities and cavitation bubble oscillations, is currently the most accepted theory of atomization, more data on the roles of cavitation, capillary waves, and even heat

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10

Zhao, Ning-Ning, Xin-Yu Xiao, Feng-Xian Fan, and Ming-Xu Su. "Ultrasonic attenuation model of mixed particle three-phase system based on Monte Carlo method." Acta Physica Sinica 71, no. 7 (2022): 074303. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.71.20211869.

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From the perspective of calculating ultrasonic absorption and scattering properties of individual solid particle and droplet, the ultrasonic wave is treated as discrete phonons. And by tracking their motion process and event statistics, a new prediction model of ultrasonic attenuation of spherical mixed particles in gaseous medium is established with Monte Carlo method. Considering the difference in physical properties between solid particles and liquid particles, the ultrasonic absorption characteristics of the two kinds of particles are obviously different, and when dimensionless particle si

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11

Shantz, N. C., R. Y. W. Chang, J. G. Slowik, J. P. D. Abbatt, and W. R. Leaitch. "Slower CCN growth kinetics of anthropogenic aerosol compared to biogenic aerosol observed at a rural site." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 3 (2009): 13775–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-13775-2009.

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Abstract. Growth rates of water droplets were measured with a static diffusion cloud condensation chamber in May–June 2007 at a rural field site in Southern Ontario, Canada, 70 km north of Toronto. Observations were made during periods when the winds were from the south and the site was impacted by anthropogenic air from the US and Southern Ontario as well as during a 5-day period of northerly wind flow when the aerosol was dominated by biogenic sources. The growth of droplets on anthropogenic size-selected particles centred at 0.1 μm diameter and composed of approximately 40% organic and 60%

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Veeramanikandasamy*, T., Gokul Raj. S, A. Balamurugan, A. P. Ramesh, and Y. A. Syed Khadar. "IoT based Real-time Air Quality Monitoring and Control System to Improve the Health and Safety of Industrial Workers." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 9, no. 4 (2020): 1889–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.d1604.018520.

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Pollution is adding contaminants into the nature that causes an adverse change in the environment. Air pollution is one of the highest mortality risk factors globally. The sources of air pollution in the industries are power plants, chamber process, cleaning, burning of materials, etc. A variety of pollutants emitted into the air such as sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ammonia and volatile organic compounds. Particulate Matter (PM) is an air pollutant that is the mixture of solid dust or pollen and liquid droplets with air. Air pollution in industrial workplaces is a major con

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13

Solis Teran, Miguel Angel, Felipe Leite Coelho da Silva, Elías A. Torres Armas, Natalí Carbo-Bustinza, and Javier Linkolk López-Gonzales. "Modeling Air Pollution in Metropolitan Lima: A Statistical and Artificial Neural Network Approach." Environments 12, no. 6 (2025): 196. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments12060196.

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Particulate matter is a mixture of fine dust and tiny droplets of liquid suspended in the air. PM10 is a pollutant composed of particles smaller than 10 µm. These particles are harmful to the respiratory system. The air quality in the region and capital Lima in the Republic of Peru has been investigated in recent years. In this context, statistical analyses of PM10 data with forecast models can contribute to planning actions that can improve air quality. The objective of this work is to perform a statistical analysis of the available PM10 data and evaluate the quality of time series classical

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14

Shantz, N. C., R. Y. W. Chang, J. G. Slowik, A. Vlasenko, J. P. D. Abbatt, and W. R. Leaitch. "Slower CCN growth kinetics of anthropogenic aerosol compared to biogenic aerosol observed at a rural site." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 1 (2010): 299–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-299-2010.

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Abstract. Growth rates of water droplets were measured with a static diffusion cloud condensation chamber in May–June 2007 at a rural field site in Southern Ontario, Canada, 70 km north of Toronto. The observations include periods when the winds were from the south and the site was impacted by anthropogenic air from the U.S. and Southern Ontario as well as during a 5-day period of northerly wind flow when the aerosol was dominated by biogenic sources. The growth of droplets on anthropogenic size-selected particles centred at 0.1 μm diameter and composed of approximately 40% organic and 60% amm

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15

Lu, Shanshuai, Congling Li, Rui Liu, and Aifeng Lv. "PVP-Assisted Shellac Nanofiber Membrane as Highly Efficient, Eco-Friendly, Translucent Air Filter." Applied Sciences 11, no. 23 (2021): 11094. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112311094.

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Particulate matter (PM), composed of tiny solids and liquid droplets in polluted air, poses a serious threat to human health. Traditional air filters usually cause secondary pollution due to their poor degradability. Here, shellac, as an environmentally friendly natural organic material, was successfully applied to fabricate biodegradable air filters. Since pure shellac fiber shows poor mechanical properties and bad light transmittance, we then introduced a small amount of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in the shellac solution to prepare highly efficient air filter membranes by the electrospinning

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16

Matsubara, Hiroki, Rikako Mori, and Eisuke Ohtomi. "Nucleation of Surfactant–Alkane Mixed Solid Monolayer and Bilayer Domains at the Air–Water Interface." Materials 15, no. 2 (2022): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15020485.

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We investigated the wetting transitions of tetradecane and hexadecane droplets in dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (C12TAB), tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (C14TAB), and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (C16TAB) aqueous solutions. By varying the surfactant concentration, the formation of mixed monolayers of a surfactant and an alkane was observed at the air–water interface. Depending on the combination of surfactant and alkane, these wetting monolayers underwent another thermal phase transition upon cooling either to a frozen mixed monolayer (S1) or a bilayer structure composed of a sol

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17

Zhang, Ling, Changjin Ou, Dhammika Magana-Arachchi, et al. "Indoor Particulate Matter in Urban Households: Sources, Pathways, Characteristics, Health Effects, and Exposure Mitigation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21 (2021): 11055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111055.

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Particulate matter (PM) is a complex mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets suspended in the air with varying size, shape, and chemical composition which intensifies significant concern due to severe health effects. Based on the well-established human health effects of outdoor PM, health-based standards for outdoor air have been promoted (e.g., the National Ambient Air Quality Standards formulated by the U.S.). Due to the exchange of indoor and outdoor air, the chemical composition of indoor particulate matter is related to the sources and components of outdoor PM. However, PM in the i

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18

Mitova, Maya I., Camille Cluse, Daniela Correia, et al. "Comprehensive Air Quality Assessment of the Tobacco Heating System 2.2 under Simulated Indoor Environments." Atmosphere 12, no. 8 (2021): 989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12080989.

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Despite the growing popularity of heated tobacco products, there are few comprehensive studies on their environmental aerosols. Therefore, the impact of the Tobacco Heating System 2.2 (THS 2.2) on indoor air quality was evaluated on the basis of a comprehensive list of 31 airborne constituents along with targeted screening of the gas–vapor and particulate phases of the environmental aerosol. The assessments were conducted at three ventilation rates. Indoor use of THS 2.2 increased the levels of nicotine, acetaldehyde, glycerin, and (if mentholated products were used) menthol relative to backgr

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19

Ahn, Hyun, and Suhyuk Choi. "Membraneless Ionic Liquid Droplet Nanoprobe for Vapor Sensing and Gas Phase Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 62 (2023): 2945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02622945mtgabs.

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Gas phase sensing of volatile chemicals is a critical area of research relevant to biomedical diagnosis and environmental hazard assessment. Among various types of sensors, electrochemical sensors garnered attention as cost-effective and portable methods. Most electrochemical sensors needed the membrane to prevent solvent evaporation for detecting the gaseous species. However, the presence of the membrane induced slow response time due to the penetration of gas molecules through the membrane. To improve the systems, a membraneless ionic liquid droplet nanoprobe was developed. Gaseous species c

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20

Nourian, Amir, Ghasem G. Nasr, Andrew J. Yule, Tom Goldberg, and Greig Tulloch. "Next generation of consumer aerosol valve design using inert gases." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 229, no. 16 (2014): 2952–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406214559998.

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The current global consumer aerosol products such as deodorants, hairsprays, air-fresheners, polish, insecticide, disinfectant are primarily utilised unfriendly environmental propellant of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) for over three decades. The advantages of the new innovative technology described in this paper are: (i) no butane or other liquefied hydrocarbon gas; (ii) compressed air, nitrogen or other safe gas propellant; (iii) customer acceptable spray quality and consistency during can lifetime; (iv) conventional cans and filling technology. Volatile organic compounds and greenhouse gase

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21

Udoji Itodo, Adams, Sumi Roselyn Benjamin, and S. Ande. "Non Destructive Methods (XRF and XRD) For Estimation of Impure Carbon and Heavy Metals in Printer Toner Ink Powder." Academic Journal of Chemistry, no. 47 (July 15, 2018): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ajc.47.40.49.

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Air pollution constitutes the largest among all of the environmental risks. Dust and soot fragments forms components of air particulates, which are released into the air as extremely small particles or liquid droplets. The basis of this research is to characterize toner ink powder and wood soot samples and the detection of metallic pollutants in wood soot (WS) and printer toner ink (PIS) for their physicochemical properties (pH, conductivity, bulk density and moisture content) and instrumental analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Two non- des

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22

Brüggemann, Martin, Nathalie Hayeck, Chloé Bonnineau, et al. "Interfacial photochemistry of biogenic surfactants: a major source of abiotic volatile organic compounds." Faraday Discussions 200 (2017): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7fd00022g.

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Films of biogenic compounds exposed to the atmosphere are ubiquitously found on the surfaces of cloud droplets, aerosol particles, buildings, plants, soils and the ocean. These air/water interfaces host countless amphiphilic compounds concentrated there with respect to in bulk water, leading to a unique chemical environment. Here, photochemical processes at the air/water interface of biofilm-containing solutions were studied, demonstrating abiotic VOC production from authentic biogenic surfactants under ambient conditions. Using a combination of online-APCI-HRMS and PTR-ToF-MS, unsaturated and

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23

Ekejiuba, Azunna IB. "Paradigm Shift in Protective Barrier Covering Implements for the Endemic Phase of Corona Virus and Routine Airborne Pollutants: The Game Changer Approach - Phase Three Category." Epidemiology International Journal 7, no. 4 (2023): 1–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/eij-16000266.

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This article presented a possible protective solution to the diverse health problems associated with human beings inhaling routine anthropogenic airborne particulates and micro-organisms by introducing some regular user friendly barrier covering implements i.e. narrows it down to zero pollutant inhaled for each person’s health care protection via the introduction of cosmetic-style barrier coverings, for the individual sense organs (i.e. nose-mouth-eye). Comprehensively, the atmosphere air is a mixture of several gases, consisting of three main components (78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% argon

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24

Scheunemann, Patrick, Mark Jermy, and Paul Stephenson. "Cyclic Appearance and Disappearance of Aerosol Nucleation in the Boundary Layer of Drops of Volatile Liquid." Energies 16, no. 22 (2023): 7491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16227491.

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The cyclic appearance and disappearance of nucleation was observed in the boundary layer of drops of 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-propanediol, and glycerol, close to the boiling point and exposed to a cooler airflow. Although continuous nucleation has previously been widely observed, the cyclic nature of the phenomenon observed here is unusual. It was observed in experiments with free-falling drops and fixed drops in an upflow of air. To investigate this unexpected phenomenon further, the phenomenon was reproduced in two finite volume models. The first model used 1D potential flow solutions to approxi

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25

Ciarelli, Giancarlo, Sara Tahvonen, Arineh Cholakian, et al. "On the formation of biogenic secondary organic aerosol in chemical transport models: an evaluation of the WRF-CHIMERE (v2020r2) model with a focus over the Finnish boreal forest." Geoscientific Model Development 17, no. 2 (2024): 545–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-545-2024.

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Abstract. We present an evaluation of the regional chemical transport model (CTM) WRF-CHIMERE (v2020r2) for the formation of biogenic secondary organic aerosol (BSOA) with a focus over the Finnish boreal forest. Formation processes of biogenic aerosols are still affected by different sources of uncertainties, and model predictions vary greatly depending on the levels of details of the adopted chemical and emissions schemes. In this study, air quality simulations were conducted for the summer of 2019 using different organic aerosol (OA) schemes (as currently available in the literature) to trea

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Péguilhan, Raphaëlle, Florent Rossi, Muriel Joly, et al. "Clouds influence the functioning of airborne microorganisms." Biogeosciences 22, no. 5 (2025): 1257–75. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1257-2025.

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Abstract. Airborne microorganisms can remain at altitude for several days, exposed to multiple environmental constraints that prevent or limit microbial activity, the most important of which is probably the lack of available liquid water. Clouds, i.e., air masses containing liquid water, could offer more favorable conditions. In order to investigate the influence of clouds on the functioning of airborne microorganisms, we captured aerosols in a nucleic acid preservation buffer from a high-altitude mountain meteorological station under cloudy and clear-atmosphere conditions and examined the met

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27

İLBASMIŞ TAMER, Sibel, and İlkay ERDOĞAN ORHAN. "KİMYASAL SİLAHLARA VE BİYOTERÖRE KARŞI TEDAVİDE KULLANILAN UYGULAMALAR." Ankara Universitesi Eczacilik Fakultesi Dergisi 48, no. 2 (2024): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1363452.

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Objective: In the present study, the chemical and physical properties of various chemical warfare agents, general information about medical protection methods, current analysis methods equipment, decontamination techniques and pharmaceutical formulations used when exposed to chemical agents will be discussed. Result and Discussion: Among weapons of mass destruction, chemical warfare agents are one of the most brutal dangers posed to humanity compared to biological and nuclear weapons. These war agents can be produced easily, cheaply and can cause mass casualties in small amounts with chemicals

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Shakoor, Ayesha, Xinfeng Wang, Jing Chen, et al. "Size Distribution and Secondary Formation of Particulate Organic Nitrates in Winter in a Coastal Area." Sustainability 15, no. 24 (2023): 16776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152416776.

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Understanding the size distribution, variation patterns, and potential formation mechanisms of particulate organic nitrates (PONs) is crucial for assessing their influences on atmospheric chemistry, air quality, and the regional climate. This study investigates PONs in the coastal atmosphere of Qingdao, China by collecting size-resolved particulate matter samples and analyzing six types of organic nitrates, namely pinene keto nitrate (PKN229), monoterpene hydroxyl nitrate (MHN215), monoterpene dicarbonyl nitrate (MDCN247), oleic acid hydroxyl nitrate (OAHN361), oleic acid keto nitrate (OAKN359

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Sonexai, Phommachith, Minh Van Nguyen, Bui The Huy, and Yong-Ill Lee. "Silver-based SERS substrates fabricated using a 3D printed microfluidic device." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 14 (July 21, 2023): 793–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.14.65.

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The detection of harmful chemicals in the environment and for food safety is a crucial requirement. While traditional techniques such as GC–MS and HPLC provide high sensitivity, they are expensive, time-consuming, and require skilled labor. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful analytical tool for detecting ultralow concentrations of chemical compounds and biomolecules. We present a reproducible method for producing Ag nanoparticles that can be used to create highly sensitive SERS substrates. A microfluidic device was employed to confine the precursor reagents within the dro

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Курындин, А. В., А. В. Понизов, А. С. Шаповалов, Н. Б. Тимофеев, А. А. Екидин та К. Л. Антонов. "ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНАЯ ОЦЕНКА НЕОБХОДИМОСТИ НОРМИРОВАНИЯ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО ВОДОЕМА КАК ИСТОЧНИКА РАДИАЦИОННОГО ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ НА ЧЕЛОВЕКА". ЯДЕРНАЯ И РАДИАЦИОННАЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ, № 1(115) (28 квітня 2025): 31–40. https://doi.org/10.26277/secnrs.2025.115.1.002.

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Промышленные водоемы, предназначенные для обращения с жидкими радиоактивными отходами, являются площадными источниками поступления радионуклидов (в первую очередь, трития) в атмосферный воздух. Оценка выброса газообразных соединений трития (как критического радионуклида) в результате испарения и капельного уноса с поверхности таких водоемов представляется актуальной. На основе результатов этой оценки обосновывает ся и принимается решение о необходимости ограничения поступления радиоактивных веществ в атмосферный воздух с учетом установленных требований. Представленный в настоящей статье алгори

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Tuccella, P., G. Curci, G. A. Grell, et al. "A new chemistry option in WRF-Chem v. 3.4 for the simulation of direct and indirect aerosol effects using VBS: evaluation against IMPACT-EUCAARI data." Geoscientific Model Development 8, no. 9 (2015): 2749–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-2749-2015.

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Abstract. A parameterization for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) production based on the volatility basis set (VBS) approach has been coupled with microphysics and radiative schemes in the Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model. The new chemistry option called "RACM-MADE-VBS-AQCHEM" was evaluated on a cloud resolving scale against ground-based and aircraft measurements collected during the IMPACT-EUCAARI (Intensive Cloud Aerosol Measurement Campaign – European Integrated project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air quality interaction) campaign, and complemented wit

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Wang, B., A. Zhang, J. L. Sun, H. Liu, J. Hu, and L. X. Xu. "Study of SARS Transmission Via Liquid Droplets in Air." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 127, no. 1 (2005): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1835350.

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Abstract Microscale liquid droplets could act as the SARS carriers in air when released from an infected person through breathing, coughing, or sneezing. In this study, a dynamic model has been built to quantitatively investigate the effect of the relative humidity on the transport of liquid droplets in air using coupled mass transfer and momentum equations. Under higher relative humidity, the exhaled liquid droplets evaporate slowly. Larger droplets fall faster, which could reduce the probability of the droplets inhalation. This may be one of the most important factors that influence the SARS

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Al-Rawi, Omar, and Mark Wilson. "Influence of forced convection on the evaporation and internal dynamics inside of an array of salt solution droplets." MATEC Web of Conferences 240 (2018): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824001002.

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The effects of a gentle forced air convection on the internal dynamics of an array of multiple pinned sessile salt solution droplets are investigated via fully-coupled transient ALE finite element analysis. Results highlight the competition between the shear-induced circulation within the droplets and the gravity-driven flow in the droplets arising from increasing liquid density in regions of high water evaporation. At low air speeds, gravity effects dominate, resulting in a non-uniform concentration distribution. However, at higher speeds the shear-induced circulation within the droplets beco

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Xing, Lei, Jinyu Li, Minghu Jiang, and Lixin Zhao. "Dynamic behavior of compound droplets with millimeter-sized particles impacting substrates with different wettabilities." Physics of Fluids 35, no. 2 (2023): 022108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0137505.

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The dynamic behavior of compound droplets, which are made up of a millimeter-sized particle and distilled water, impacting substrates of different wettabilities is investigated via high-speed photography. The effects of the size of the particle within the compound droplet, substrate contact angle, and impact height on the deformation of the droplets and the characteristics of the impact are analyzed. It is found that the collisions of compound droplets with substrates can be classified into four categories based on the observed experimental phenomena that occur during the impact. These categor

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Hájek, Ondřej, Ondřej Cejpek, Milan Malý, František Prinz, and Miroslav Jícha. "A dispersion of a droplet flow on crossing wires in an air counterflow." EPJ Web of Conferences 264 (2022): 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202226401016.

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Liquid dispersion on a wire mesh is a phenomenon that is utilized in many industrial applications, such as rotating packed beds. It is a very simple method of liquid atomization without a need for complex nozzles. This research focuses on an elementary case of a liquid dispersion on a crossing of two wires. Experiments were carried out in a wind tunnel to elucidate the influence of counterflow air velocity on a liquid sheet and droplets. High-speed camera was used to capture the impact of droplets on the crossing. Images were then processed using MATLAB® addon PIVlab. The effect of the input p

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Francis, Wayne, Cormac Fay, Larisa Florea, and Dermot Diamond. "Self-propelled chemotactic ionic liquid droplets." Chemical Communications 51, no. 12 (2015): 2342–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc09214g.

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Matsumoto, Irori, Reina Sato, Masahito Watanabe, and Taishi Matsushita. "Volume change of core-shell droplets of liquid iron and molten oxide under microgravity conditions." High Temperatures-High Pressures 54, no. 2 (2025): 101–11. https://doi.org/10.32908/hthp.v54.1929.

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Interfacial phenomena occur when two immiscible liquids contact each other, and they are of interest in various scientific and technological fields. Understanding and observing the interfacial phenomena between molten oxide and liquid iron (Fe) is crucial for process control in steel manufacturing. We study interfacial phenomena by observing the surface oscillation of compound droplets comprising molten oxide and liquid Fe in the electrostatic levitation furnace (ELF) aboard the International Space Station. Compound droplets form core-shell droplets under microgravity conditions due to the abs

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Khan, Mohidus Samad, Dushmantha Kannangara, Wei Shen, and Gil Garnier. "Isothermal Noncoalescence of Liquid Droplets at the Air−Liquid Interface." Langmuir 24, no. 7 (2008): 3199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la7028627.

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Cheng, H. P., and C. P. Chien. "Ejection Interaction of Two Adjacent Micropumps." Journal of Fluids Engineering 128, no. 4 (2006): 742–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2201638.

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This research intends to apply thermal bubble micropumps to motorcycle’s fuel atomizer system with ink and Stoddard solvent as the work liquids, and then utilize computational fluid dynamics to discuss the fluid interaction of two adjacent micropumps under continuous ejection with time lag, which covers the particle shape and movement track of ejected droplets, fluid interaction of ejected droplets, and velocity of droplets as well as work liquid replenishment. The micropump consists of 50 independent micropumps, with orifice of 50μm in diameter and working frequency of 5kHz. As shown in resul

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Post, Scott L. "Drift of Droplets from Air-Induction Nozzles." Transactions of the ASABE 62, no. 6 (2019): 1683–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13421.

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Abstract. For more than 20 years, air-induction or air-inclusion (AI) nozzles have had increased use for pesticide application due to their drift reduction capabilities. The pressure drop created by the pre-orifice and the venturi chamber results in a slower-moving liquid sheet exiting the main orifice, which in turn results in larger droplet sizes, which are less prone to drift. However, two additional factors somewhat mitigate the advantage of larger droplets from AI nozzles: the lower initial spray jet momentum from AI nozzles (compared to standard nozzles of the same flow rating at the sam

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Islamova, Anastasia G., Pavel P. Tkachenko, and Stanislav A. Shulyaev. "Effect of coal suspension concentration and gas-air medium temperature on liquid droplets collisions." Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering 335, no. 7 (2024): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2024/7/4629.

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Relevance. Understanding the mechanisms of liquid droplets interaction with each other is important for many industrial and technical applications related to solving a range of problems like slag removal in a high-temperature environment, obtaining components of the desired fraction in the food industry, etc. Aim. Establishment of the main patterns of suspension droplets interaction in a gas-air environment with temperature variation. Methods. Using shadow high-speed video recording, the main patterns of the binary collision of suspensions droplets were determined. The paper introduces the res

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Xie, Ganhua, Joe Forth, Shipei Zhu, et al. "Hanging droplets from liquid surfaces." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 15 (2020): 8360–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1922045117.

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Natural and man-made robotic systems use the interfacial tension between two fluids to support dense objects on liquid surfaces. Here, we show that coacervate-encased droplets of an aqueous polymer solution can be hung from the surface of a less dense aqueous polymer solution using surface tension. The forces acting on and the shapes of the hanging droplets can be controlled. Sacs with homogeneous and heterogeneous surfaces are hung from the surface and, by capillary forces, form well-ordered arrays. Locomotion and rotation can be achieved by embedding magnetic microparticles within the assemb

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Okamoto, Tatsuyuki, Toshimi Takagi, Toshikazu Kaji, Katsunori Shimazaki, and Kenji Nakanishi. "Studies on the Behavior of Droplets and the Air Flow in a Hollow-Cone Spray." Journal of Fluids Engineering 120, no. 3 (1998): 586–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2820704.

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Experimental and numerical investigations are made on the behavior of droplets in a hollow-cone spray paying attention to the liquid sheet formed at the orifice of pressure-swirl atomizer. Simultaneous measurements of droplet sizes and velocities are made by phase-Doppler technique and numerical simulations are carried out based on the transient Eulerian equations for the gas and the Lagrangian equation for the droplets, taking account of the liquid sheet formed at the atomizer orifice. It is shown that the simulation gives good predictions by incorporating the existence of the liquid sheet. T

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Han, Xiaotian, Hua Zhou, Yifei Zhu, Liangyu Wu, Feng Yao, and Cheng Yu. "Improvement of the Sphericity and the Thickness Uniformity of the Polystyrene (PS) Shell Microsphere during Curing Process." Coatings 9, no. 6 (2019): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9060385.

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To improve the quality of dispersed polystyrene (PS) compound droplets, a new random rotating curing system is designed. In addition, the qualities of the curing products of the PS compound droplets of this new system are compared with those of the traditional curing system with a constant rotating speed, so as to verify the effectiveness of the new system on the quality improvement of the PS compound droplets. The effect of the liquid level, rotation rate and the density difference on the curing process is also analyzed to reveal the mechanism of the curing process in a rotating flow field. T

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Lee, A., B. Utepov, E. Kan, and O. Kuychiev. "Study on the process of droplet formation when liquid flows out of a capillary." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 939, no. 1 (2021): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/939/1/012033.

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Abstract This article presents the theoretical background for the justification of the parameters of the rotating sprayer. Theoretical studies show that an increase in the rotation frequency of the disk at a constant air flow velocity leads to a minimum median mass diameter of the droplets. Therefore, when justifying the diameter of the sprayed droplets, it is necessary to consider the combination of the disk rotation speed and the axial velocity of the air flow. To obtain high-quality air-droplet flow, the initial speed of the main droplets discharged from the periphery of the spray disc shou

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Choi, Woorak, and Sungchan Yun. "Behavior of Compound Materials on Superhydrophobic Cylinders: Effects of Droplet’s Size and Interface Angle." Korean Journal of Metals and Materials 62, no. 3 (2024): 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3365/kjmm.2024.62.3.222.

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Compound droplets can consist of two or more immiscible substances sharing an interface. Among such droplets, the low-viscosity component of Janus droplets can exhibit peculiar bouncing behavior on nonwettable surfaces. There have been recent advances in droplet control technologies, however the impact dynamics of droplets on complex surfaces, and strategies to control their behavior, have not been extensively studied. This study employs the volume of fluid method to analyze the effects of Janus droplet size and the initial interface angle on the dynamics of the two fluidic components in dropl

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SCHMIDT, JOHN W., TERRANCE M. ARTHUR, JOSEPH M. BOSILEVAC, NORASAK KALCHAYANAND, and TOMMY L. WHEELER. "Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica in Air and Droplets at Three U.S. Commercial Beef Processing Plants†." Journal of Food Protection 75, no. 12 (2012): 2213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-206.

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Bacteria are known to be present in the air at beef processing plants, but published data regarding the prevalences of airborne Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica are very limited. To determine if airborne pathogens were present in beef processing facilities, we placed sedimentation sponges at various locations in three commercial beef plants that processed cattle from slaughter through fabrication. For the 291 slaughter area air samples, E. coli O157:H7 was isolated from 15.8% and S. enterica from 16.5%. Of the 113 evisceration area air samples, E. coli O157:H7 was isolated from

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Zakharevich, Arkadiy V., Mikhail S. Zygin, and Dmitriy N. Tsymbalov. "Ignition of liquid droplets fuels under conditions of radiation-conductive heating in air." MATEC Web of Conferences 194 (2018): 01062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819401062.

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The results of an experimental investigation of ignition liquid fuel (kerosene, diesel fuel) by the single drops under conditions of radiation-conducting heating in air are presented. The dependences of the ignition delay time of the typical fuels droplets on the initial temperature of the heated oxidant in a limited space are established. The parameters of stable ignition of liquid fuel droplets are set.

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Ueno, Kazuyuki, Ghislain Bournival, Erica J. Wanless, et al. "Liquid marble and water droplet interactions and stability." Soft Matter 11, no. 39 (2015): 7728–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sm01584g.

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Arghavani-Beydokhti, Somayeh, Alireza Asghari, Mohammad Bazregar, and Maryam Rajabi. "Application of a tandem air-agitated liquid–liquid microextraction technique based on solidification of floating organic droplets as an efficient extraction method for determination of cholesterol-lowering drugs in complicated matrices." RSC Advances 6, no. 96 (2016): 93582–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra19414a.

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To enhance sample clean-up in dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction in complicated matrices, a low-toxicity and sensitive extraction method, tandem air-agitated liquid–liquid microextraction, based on solidification of floating organic droplets is introduced.

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