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Journal articles on the topic 'Air, pollution, great britain'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Giovanis, Eleftherios, and Oznur Ozdamar. "The Effects and Costs of Air Pollution on Health Status in Great Britain." International Journal of Sustainable Economies Management 5, no. 1 (January 2016): 52–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsem.2016010104.

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This study explores the effects of air pollution on self-reported health status and the health related costs in UK. The estimates are based on data from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS). The effects of air pollution on individuals' health status are estimated and their monetary value is calculated. In particular, two main air pollutants are examined; ground-level ozone (O3) and carbon monoxide (CO). Moreover, various econometric approaches are followed. The annual monetary values of the health related costs for ground level O3 range between £21-£25 for a drop of one unit, while the respective values for the CO range between £19-£21.

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2

Elliott, P., G. Shaddick, J. C. Wakefield, C. d. Hoogh, and D. J. Briggs. "Long-term associations of outdoor air pollution with mortality in Great Britain." Thorax 62, no. 12 (December 1, 2007): 1088–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thx.2006.076851.

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3

Innes, John L. "Influence of air pollution on the foliar nutrition of conifers in Great Britain." Environmental Pollution 88, no. 2 (1995): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(95)91443-o.

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4

Webb, A. H., R. J. Bawden, A. K. Busby, and J. N. Hopkins. "Studies on the effects of air pollution on limestone degradation in Great Britain." Atmospheric Environment. Part B. Urban Atmosphere 26, no. 2 (June 1992): 165–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0957-1272(92)90020-s.

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Taylor, Jonathon, Mike Davies, Anna Mavrogianni, Clive Shrubsole, Ian Hamilton, Payel Das, Benjamin Jones, Eleni Oikonomou, and Phillip Biddulph. "Mapping indoor overheating and air pollution risk modification across Great Britain: A modelling study." Building and Environment 99 (April 2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.01.010.

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6

Khan, M. Saleem, N. J. Simmonds, and F. B. Piel. "WS08.06 Investigating associations between air pollution and the severity of cystic fibrosis in Great Britain." Journal of Cystic Fibrosis 21 (June 2022): S17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1569-1993(22)00200-4.

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Khan, M. Saleem, N. J. Simmonds, M. B. Toledano, R. Cosgriff, and F. B. Piel. "WS23.4 Investigating associations between air pollution and the severity of cystic fibrosis in Great Britain." Journal of Cystic Fibrosis 19 (June 2020): S35—S36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1569-1993(20)30278-2.

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8

Lee, Kayoung, Chloe Morris, Danielle Vienneau, David Briggs, John Gulliver, and Anna Hansell. "Quantifying Changes in Population Exposures to Air Pollution in Great Britain From the 1960s to 1980s." Epidemiology 22 (January 2011): S212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000392336.02636.d2.

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9

Pierotti, Livia, Susie J. Schofield, Dave Collett, Daniela Fecht, Kees De Hoogh, Anna L. Hansell, John Dark, and Paul Cullinan. "Traffic-related air pollution and solid organ transplant failure in Great Britain: A retrospective cohort study." Journal of Transport & Health 10 (September 2018): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2018.05.100.

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Schneider, Rochelle, Ana M. Vicedo-Cabrera, Francesco Sera, Pierre Masselot, Massimo Stafoggia, Kees de Hoogh, Itai Kloog, Stefan Reis, Massimo Vieno, and Antonio Gasparrini. "A Satellite-Based Spatio-Temporal Machine Learning Model to Reconstruct Daily PM2.5 Concentrations across Great Britain." Remote Sensing 12, no. 22 (November 20, 2020): 3803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12223803.

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Epidemiological studies on the health effects of air pollution usually rely on measurements from fixed ground monitors, which provide limited spatio-temporal coverage. Data from satellites, reanalysis, and chemical transport models offer additional information used to reconstruct pollution concentrations at high spatio-temporal resolutions. This study aims to develop a multi-stage satellite-based machine learning model to estimate daily fine particulate matter (PM2.5) levels across Great Britain between 2008–2018. This high-resolution model consists of random forest (RF) algorithms applied in four stages. Stage-1 augments monitor-PM2.5 series using co-located PM10 measures. Stage-2 imputes missing satellite aerosol optical depth observations using atmospheric reanalysis models. Stage-3 integrates the output from previous stages with spatial and spatio-temporal variables to build a prediction model for PM2.5. Stage-4 applies Stage-3 models to estimate daily PM2.5 concentrations over a 1 km grid. The RF architecture performed well in all stages, with results from Stage-3 showing an average cross-validated R2 of 0.767 and minimal bias. The model performed better over the temporal scale when compared to the spatial component, but both presented good accuracy with an R2 of 0.795 and 0.658, respectively. These findings indicate that direct satellite observations must be integrated with other satellite-based products and geospatial variables to derive reliable estimates of air pollution exposure. The high spatio-temporal resolution and the relatively high precision allow these estimates (approximately 950 million points) to be used in epidemiological analyses to assess health risks associated with both short- and long-term exposure to PM2.5.

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Hansell, Anna, Marta Blangiardo, Chloe Morris, Danielle Vienneau, John Gulliver, Kayoung Lee, and David Briggs. "Association Between Black Smoke and SO2 Air Pollution Exposures in 1971 and Mortality 1972–2007 in Great Britain." Epidemiology 22 (January 2011): S29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000391748.54172.af.

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Langan, S. J., J. Hall, B. Reynolds, M. Broadmeadow, M. Hornung, and M. S. Cresser. "The development of an approach to assess critical loads of acidity for woodland habitats in Great Britain." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 8, no. 3 (June 30, 2004): 355–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-8-355-2004.

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Abstract. Alongside other countries that are signatories to the UNECE Convention Long Range Transboundary on Air Pollution, the UK is committed to reducing the impact of air pollution on the environment. To advise and guide this policy in relation to atmospheric emissions of sulphur and nitrogen, a critical load approach has been developed. To assess the potential impact of these pollutants on woodland habitats a steady state, simple mass balance model has been parameterised. For mineral soils, a Ca:Al ratio in soil solution has been used as the critical load indicator for potential damage. For peat and organic soils critical loads have been set according to a pH criterion. Together these approaches have been used with national datasets to examine the potential scale of acidification in woodland habitats across the UK. The results can be mapped to show the spatial variability in critical loads of the three principal woodland habitat types (managed coniferous, managed broadleaved/ mixed woodland and unmanaged woodland). The results suggest that there is a wide range of critical loads. The most sensitive (lowest) critical loads are associated with managed coniferous followed by unmanaged woodland on peat soils. Calculations indicate that at steady state, acid deposition inputs reported for 1995–1997 result in a large proportion of all the woodland habitats identified receiving deposition loads in excess of their critical load; i.e. critical loads are exceeded. These are discussed in relation to future modelled depositions for 2010. Whilst significant widespread negative impacts of such deposition on UK woodland habitats have not been reported, the work serves to illustrate that if acid deposition inputs were maintained and projected emissions reductions not achieved, the long-term sustainability of large areas of woodland in the UK could be compromised. Keywords: critical loads, acid deposition, acidification, woodland, simple mass balance model, sustainability

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Förster, Eric, Harald Bönisch, Marco Neumaier, Florian Obersteiner, Andreas Zahn, Andreas Hilboll, Anna B. Kalisz Hedegaard, et al. "Chemical and dynamical identification of emission outflows during the HALO campaign EMeRGe in Europe and Asia." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 3 (February 3, 2023): 1893–918. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1893-2023.

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Abstract. The number of large urban agglomerations is steadily increasing worldwide. At a local scale, their emissions lead to air pollution, directly affecting people's health. On a global scale, their emissions lead to an increase of greenhouse gases, affecting climate. In this context, in 2017 and 2018, the airborne campaign EMeRGe (Effect of Megacities on the transport and transformation of pollutants on the Regional to Global scales) investigated emissions of European and Asian major population centres (MPCs) to improve the understanding and predictability of pollution outflows. Here, we present two methods to identify and characterise pollution outflows probed during EMeRGe. First, we use a set of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as chemical tracers to characterise air masses by specific source signals, i.e. benzene from anthropogenic pollution of targeted regions, acetonitrile from biomass burning (BB, primarily during EMeRGe-Asia), and isoprene from fresh biogenic signals (primarily during EMeRGe-Europe. Second, we attribute probed air masses to source regions and estimate their individual contribution by constructing and applying a simple emission uptake scheme for the boundary layer which combines FLEXTRA back trajectories and EDGAR carbon monoxide (CO) emission rates (acronyms are provided in the Appendix). During EMeRGe-Europe, we identified anthropogenic pollution outflows from northern Italy, southern Great Britain, the Belgium–Netherlands–Ruhr (BNR) area and the Iberian Peninsula. Additionally, our uptake scheme indicates significant long-range transport of pollution from the USA and Canada. During EMeRGe-Asia, the pollution outflow is dominated by sources in China and Taiwan, but BB signals from Southeast Asia and India contribute as well. Outflows of pre-selected MPC targets are identified in less than 20 % of the sampling time, due to restrictions in flight planning and constraints of the measurement platform itself. Still, EMeRGe combines in a unique way near- and far-field measurements, which show signatures of local and distant sources, transport and conversion fingerprints, and complex air mass compositions. Our approach provides a valuable classification and characterisation of the EMeRGe dataset, e.g. for BB and anthropogenic influence of potential source regions and paves the way for a more comprehensive analysis and various model studies.

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Akhtimankina, A. V., and V. M. Eroshkin. "Analysis of Approaches to Determining the Atmosphere Pollution Level of Settlements." Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences 44 (2023): 18–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2023.44.18.

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The aim of the work is to analyze the methodology for calculating indices are used both in the Russian Federation and in a number of foreign countries, that allow us to draw a conclusion about the level of atmospheric pollution. The article considers approaches to the calculation of such indices as IZA, KIZA (Russia), AQI (USA, Australia), DAQI (Great Britain), CAQI, YACAQI (European Union), AQHI (Canada, Hong Kong), PSI (Singapore). The main calculation formulas of the indices, the parameters on the basis of which they are calculated and how the results can be interpreted are described. The conclusion about the applicability of these methods on the territory of Russia is made. The calculation part was made on the basis of data on the concentrations of pollutants obtained at automatic atmospheric air monitoring stations in Irkutsk for 2019. In addition, the absolute and relative frequency of occurrence of various index values was calculated. It was found that despite the apparent similarity of the results, the analysis should be carried out at the level of sub-indices or pollution indices for each individual substance. In addition, the calculation of the absolute and relative frequencies of the occurrence of indices corresponding to different levels of pollution showed that averaging the results hides the occurrence of dangerous levels of pollution that may be critical for sensitive population groups (people with chronic diseases, children, the elderly).

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Plainiotis, S., K. A. Pericleous, B. E. A. Fisher, and L. Shier. "Application of Lagrangian particle dispersion models to air quality assessment in the Trans-Manche region of Nord-Pas-de-Calais (France) and Kent (Great Britain)." International Journal of Environment and Pollution 40, no. 1/2/3 (2010): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijep.2010.030891.

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16

Williams, Martin L., Sean Beevers, Nutthida Kitwiroon, David Dajnak, Heather Walton, Melissa C. Lott, Steve Pye, Daniela Fecht, Mireille B. Toledano, and Mike Holland. "Public health air pollution impacts of pathway options to meet the 2050 UK Climate Change Act target: a modelling study." Public Health Research 6, no. 7 (June 2018): 1–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/phr06070.

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BackgroundThe UK’sClimate Change Act 2008(CCA; Great Britain.Climate Change Act 2008. Chapter 27. London: The Stationery Office; 2008) requires a reduction of 80% in carbon dioxide-equivalent emissions by 2050 on a 1990 base. This project quantified the impact of air pollution on health from four scenarios involving particulate matter of ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3). Two scenarios met the CCA target: one with limited nuclear power build (nuclear replacement option; NRPO) and one with no policy constraint on nuclear (low greenhouse gas). Another scenario envisaged no further climate actions beyond those already agreed (‘baseline’) and the fourth kept 2011 concentrations constant to 2050 (‘2011’).MethodsThe UK Integrated MARKAL–EFOM System (UKTM) energy system model was used to develop the scenarios and produce projections of fuel use; these were used to produce air pollutant emission inventories for Great Britain (GB) for each scenario. The inventories were then used to run the Community Multiscale Air Quality model ‘air pollution model’ to generate air pollutant concentration maps across GB, which then, combined with relationships between concentrations and health outcomes, were used to calculate the impact on health from the air pollution emitted in each scenario. This is a significant improvement on previous health impact studies of climate policies, which have relied on emissions changes. Inequalities in exposure in different socioeconomic groups were also calculated, as was the economic impact of the pollution emissions.ResultsConcentrations of NO2declined significantly because of a high degree of electrification of the GB road transport fleet, although the NRPO scenario shows large increases in oxides of nitrogen emissions from combined heat and power (CHP) sources. Concentrations of PM2.5show a modest decrease by 2050, which would have been larger if it had not been for a significant increase in biomass (wood burning) use in the two CCA scenarios peaking in 2035. The metric quantifying long-term exposure to O3is projected to decrease, while the important short-term O3exposure metric increases. Large projected increases in future GB vehicle kilometres lead to increased non-exhaust PM2.5and particulate matter of ≤ 10 µm emissions. The two scenarios which achieve the CCA target resulted in more life-years lost from long-term exposures to PM2.5than in the baseline scenario. This is an opportunity lost and arises largely from the increase in biomass use, which is projected to peak in 2035. Reduced long-term exposures to NO2lead to many more life-years saved in the ‘CCA-compliant’ scenarios, but the association used may overestimate the effects of NO2itself. The more deprived populations are estimated currently to be exposed to higher concentrations than those less deprived, the contrast being largest for NO2. Despite reductions in concentrations in 2050, the most socioeconomically deprived are still exposed to higher concentrations than the less deprived.LimitationsModelling of the atmosphere is always uncertain; we have shown the model to be acceptable through comparison with observations. The necessary complexity of the modelling system has meant that only a small number of scenarios were run.ConclusionsWe have established a system which can be used to explore a wider range of climate policy scenarios, including more European and global scenarios as well as local measures. Future work could explore wood burning in more detail, in terms of the sectors in which it might be burned and the spatial distribution of this across the UK. Further analyses of options for CHP could also be explored. Non-exhaust emissions from road transport are an important source of particles and emission factors are uncertain. Further research on this area coupled with our modelling would be a valuable area of research.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Public Health Research programme.

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Boichu, Marie, Olivier Favez, Véronique Riffault, Jean-Eudes Petit, Yunjiang Zhang, Colette Brogniez, Jean Sciare, et al. "Large-scale particulate air pollution and chemical fingerprint of volcanic sulfate aerosols from the 2014–2015 Holuhraun flood lava eruption of Bárðarbunga volcano (Iceland)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 22 (November 27, 2019): 14253–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-14253-2019.

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Abstract. Volcanic sulfate aerosols play a key role in air quality and climate. However, the rate of oxidation of sulfur dioxide (SO2) precursor gas to sulfate aerosols (SO42-) in volcanic plumes is poorly known, especially in the troposphere. Here we determine the chemical speciation as well as the intensity and temporal persistence of the impact on air quality of sulfate aerosols from the 2014–2015 Holuhraun flood lava eruption of Icelandic volcano Bárðarbunga. To do so, we jointly analyse a set of SO2 observations from satellite (OMPS and IASI) and ground-level measurements from air quality monitoring stations together with high temporal resolution mass spectrometry measurements of an Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) performed far from the volcanic source. We explore month/year long ACSM data in France from stations in contrasting environments, close and far from industrial sulfur-rich activities. We demonstrate that volcanic sulfate aerosols exhibit a distinct chemical signature in urban/rural conditions, with NO3:SO4 mass concentration ratios lower than for non-volcanic background aerosols. These results are supported by thermodynamic simulations of aerosol composition, using the ISORROPIA II model, which show that ammonium sulfate aerosols are preferentially formed at a high concentration of sulfate, leading to a decrease in the production of particulate ammonium nitrate. Such a chemical signature is however more difficult to identify at heavily polluted industrial sites due to a high level of background noise in sulfur. Nevertheless, aged volcanic sulfates can be distinguished from freshly emitted industrial sulfates according to their contrasting degree of anion neutralization. Combining AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) sunphotometric data with ACSM observations, we also show a long persistence over weeks of pollution in volcanic sulfate aerosols, while SO2 pollution disappears in a few days at most. Finally, gathering 6-month long datasets from 27 sulfur monitoring stations of the EMEP (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme) network allows us to demonstrate a much broader large-scale European pollution, in both SO2 and SO4, associated with the Holuhraun eruption, from Scandinavia to France. While widespread SO2 anomalies, with ground-level mass concentrations far exceeding background values, almost entirely result from the volcanic source, the origin of sulfate aerosols is more complex. Using a multi-site concentration-weighted trajectory analysis, emissions from the Holuhraun eruption are shown to be one of the main sources of SO4 at all EMEP sites across Europe and can be distinguished from anthropogenic emissions from eastern Europe but also from Great Britain. A wide variability in SO2:SO4 mass concentration ratios, ranging from 0.8 to 8.0, is shown at several stations geographically dispersed at thousands of kilometres from the eruption site. Despite this apparent spatial complexity, we demonstrate that these mass oxidation ratios can be explained by a simple linear dependency on the age of the plume, with a SO2-to-SO4 oxidation rate of 0.23 h−1. Most current studies generally focus on SO2, an unambiguous and more readily measured marker of the volcanic plume. However, the long persistence of the chemical fingerprint of volcanic sulfate aerosols at continental scale, as shown for the Holuhraun eruption here, casts light on the impact of tropospheric eruptions and passive degassing activities on air quality, health, atmospheric chemistry and climate.

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18

Woodin, S. J. "Environmental Effects of Air Pollution in Britain." Journal of Applied Ecology 26, no. 3 (December 1989): 749. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2403687.

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19

Mitchell, Gordon, and Danny Dorling. "An Environmental Justice Analysis of British Air Quality." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 35, no. 5 (May 2003): 909–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a35240.

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This paper presents the results of the first national study of air quality in Britain to consider the implications of its distribution across over ten thousand local communities in terms of potential environmental injustice. We consider the recent history of the environmental justice debate in Britain, Europe, and the USA and, in the light of this, estimate how one aspect of air pollution, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels, affects different population groups differentially across Britain. We also estimate the extent to which people living in each community in Britain contribute towards this pollution, with the aid of information on the characteristics of the vehicles they own. We find that, although community NO x emission and ambient NO2 concentration are strongly related, the communities that have access to fewest cars tend to suffer from the highest levels of air pollution, whereas those in which car ownership is greatest enjoy the cleanest air. Pollution is most concentrated in areas where young children and their parents are more likely to live and least concentrated in areas to which the elderly tend to migrate. Those communities that are most polluted and which also emit the least pollution tend to be amongst the poorest in Britain. There is therefore evidence of environmental injustice in the distribution and production of poor air quality in Britain. However, the spatial distribution of those who produce and receive most of that pollution have to be considered simultaneously to see this injustice clearly.

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20

Hamill, L., and F. G. Bell. "Groundwater pollution and public health in Great Britain." Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology 35, no. 1 (April 1987): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02590479.

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Bobak, Martin, Marcus Richards, and Michael Wadsworth. "Air Pollution and Birth Weight in Britain in 1946." Epidemiology 12, no. 3 (May 2001): 358–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-200105000-00018.

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Giovanis, Eleftherios, and Oznur Ozdamar. "The impact of air pollution on health problems in Britain." International Journal of Sustainable Economy 8, no. 2 (2016): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijse.2016.075904.

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23

Sklizkova, Ekaterina V. "Axiological Aspect of Sovereign States Armorial: Russia vs. Great Britain." Genealogy 7, no. 3 (August 21, 2023): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy7030060.

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The semiosphere reflects universal and culturally determined characteristics. Heraldry is one of the most complex sign systems. Alive and flexible semiotics is urgent for studies. The aim of this paper is to mark the axiological character of Russian and British sovereign state armorials with an accent on animals. Based on both Russian and British research, this paper focuses on syntactics and pragmatics of arms analyzed in a synchronic and diachronic manner. A cross-cultural comparative approach to Russian and British armorial bearings can be viewed as a novel contribution. The paper embraces structural and semantic aspects, the temporal and pragmatics sphere and Jargon du blazon. English heraldry is relevant to the European tradition, and the Russian one has political value. For both countries, it is associated with foreign influence. The system of European coats of arms is coherent with the institution of property and war, and the Russian one with inheritance. For Britain, heraldry was one of the culture-forming components, and for Russia, it was just one of the elements of culture.

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Day, J. B. W. "Springs of Great Britain." Environmental Geology 27, no. 2 (March 1, 1996): 77–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050029.

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Day, J. B. W. "Springs of Great Britain." Environmental Geology 27, no. 2 (March 1996): 77–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01061671.

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Marett, Pamela, and Janet Winters. "Air Traffic Control Industrial Relations: Great Britain and the United States." Journal of Collective Negotiations (formerly Journal of Collective Negotiations in the Public Sector) 31, no. 2 (January 1, 2007): 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/cn.31.2.d.

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Woodfield, N. K., J. W. S. Longhurst, C. I. Beattie, T. Chatterton, and D. P. H. Laxen. "Regional collaborative urban air quality management: case studies across Great Britain." Environmental Modelling & Software 21, no. 4 (April 2006): 595–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2004.05.010.

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Johnson, Jeff. "News: IJC urges Great Lakes air pollution curbs." Environmental Science & Technology 30, no. 8 (July 1996): 337A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es962359m.

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Kirby, M., and R. Capey. "The Air Defence of Great Britain, 1920-1940: An Operational Research Perspective." Journal of the Operational Research Society 48, no. 6 (June 1997): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3010219.

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Kirby, M., and R. Capey. "The air defence of Great Britain, 1920–1940: an operational research perspective." Journal of the Operational Research Society 48, no. 6 (June 1997): 555–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2600421.

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Kirby, M., and R. Capey. "The air defence of Great Britain, 1920–1940: an operational research perspective." Journal of the Operational Research Society 48, no. 6 (1997): 555–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jors.2600421.

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Tout, D. G. "THE VARIABILITY OF DAYS OF AIR FROST IN GREAT BRITAIN - 1957-83." Weather 42, no. 9 (September 1987): 268–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1477-8696.1987.tb04905.x.

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Eeva, T., E. Lehikoinen, and M. RÖnkÄ. "Air pollution fades the plumage of the Great Tit." Functional Ecology 12, no. 4 (August 1998): 607–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2435.1998.00221.x.

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Fan, Xiangwen, Fred Worrall, Lisa M. Baldini, and Tim P. Burt. "A spatial total nitrogen budget for Great Britain." Science of The Total Environment 728 (August 2020): 138864. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138864.

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Pattenden, N. J., and J. R. Branson. "Relation between lead in air and in petrol in two urban areas of Britain." Atmospheric Environment (1967) 21, no. 11 (January 1987): 2481–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(87)90383-0.

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Bull, K. R., M. J. Brown, H. Dyke, B. C. Eversham, R. M. Fuller, M. Hornung, D. C. Howard, J. Rodwell, and D. B. Roy. "Critical loads for nitrogen deposition for Great Britain." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 85, no. 4 (December 1995): 2527–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01186214.

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Jackson, Matthew. "379 Ensuring effective control of exposure during asbestos removal - Great Britain." Annals of Work Exposures and Health 68, Supplement_1 (June 1, 2024): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxae035.130.

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Abstract In Great Britain, HSE has conducted research in asbestos removal controls over several years, primarily looking at how improvements in industry and legislation in Great Britain have been effective in reducing exposure to asbestos removal workers. In the latest study the methodologies for control were observed in real work situations and both personal and static air monitoring were conducted. Airborne fibre concentrations were determined using phase contrast microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The research also examined the process of transfer of the area back to the dutyholder, the 4-stage clearance, which is an independent check by an analytical organization accredited to ISO/IEC17025:2017. Three detailed Research Reports have been produced for this work which will be summarised in this session and any questions taken.

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Gotoh, Takao, Takashi Nishimura, Minoru Nakata, Yuzuru Nakaguchi, and Keizo Hiraki. "Air Pollution by Concrete Dust from the Great Hanshin Earthquake." Journal of Environment Quality 31, no. 3 (2002): 718. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2002.0718.

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Gotoh, Takao, Takashi Nishimura, Minoru Nakata, Yuzuru Nakaguchi, and Keizo Hiraki. "Air Pollution by Concrete Dust from the Great Hanshin Earthquake." Journal of Environmental Quality 31, no. 3 (May 2002): 718–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2002.7180.

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Qin, Jin, Ivan T. Kandilov, and Roger H. von Haefen. "Air Pollution and Trade: The Case of China." Frontiers of Economics in China 16, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 307–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54605/fec20210205.

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We estimate the effects of trade on air pollution in China. To address endogeneity concerns, we use an instrumental variable strategy that treats the Great Recession as an exogenous shock that differentially affected China’s coastal provinces, which export a greater volume of manufacturing as they are closer to navigable waters. In our empirical analysis, we employ annual data on emissions of sulfur dioxide as well as smoke and dust at the province level from 2003 to 2015 to measure air pollution intensity (the ratio of air pollution to GDP), and we also use fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations data derived from satellite imagery as a robustness check. We find that a decrease in trade intensity (the ratio of trade to GDP) by 10 percentage points (a negative trade shock similar to what occurred during the Great Recession) increases sulfur dioxide emissions intensity by about 38 percentage points. Emissions of the other two air pollutants grow by similar proportions.

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Huang, Le Hui, and Bin Gui. "Discussion on Air Pollution and its Control Measures." Advanced Materials Research 1010-1012 (August 2014): 839–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.839.

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In recent years, China's air pollution control achieved great results, but for various reasons,the situation faced by the atmospheric environment in China is still very grim. Total emissions of air pollutants are high. It can be said that air pollution is still serious, it is still the major environmental problems we solved.

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Sawkins, J. W., and V. A. Dickie. "AFFORDABIUTY OF HOUSEHOLD WATER SERVICES IN GREAT BRITAIN." Water and Environment Journal 19, no. 3 (September 2005): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2005.tb01588.x.

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Akmaldinova, Oleksandra, Viktoriia Akmaldinova, and Hanna Volkovska. "TRAINING AIR TRANSPORT TECHNOLOGIES SPECIALISTS: FOREIGN EXPERIENCE." Proceedings of the National Aviation University. Series: Pedagogy, Psychology, no. 22 (June 6, 2023): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18372/2411-264x.22.17599.

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The article is devoted to analysing the system of professional training of future specialists in air transport technologies in foreign higher technical education experience. The purpose of the article is to highlight the peculiarities of foreign experience in the formation of future aviation industry engineers professional competences under the influence of scientific and technical progress. Examples of aviation specialists theoretical and practical training in higher education institutions of the USA, Great Britain and the member-states of the European Union based on the use of innovative problem-oriented, distance and mixed learning methods, fruitful cooperation with stakeholders, taking into account the autonomy of educational institutions and the educational system flexibility are given. Theoretical and empirical methods of comparative and generalizing analysis of different level academic programs (Bachelor’s & Master’s) and aviation specialists training experience have been used in the research. Results.The system of the USA future pilots professional training effectively combines theoretical and practical types of activities, intensive use of computer technologies in the training process significantly improving its quality and effectiveness. According to the bachelor's and master's programs in aeronautical engineering presented by Great Britain higher technical education institutions, the training content involves an in-depth study of the flight practice basics and subjects of the professional orientation. The professional training of future specialists in air transport technologies in higher educational institutions of Germany is focused on integrated studying, practical training, internships and advanced training in airlines. The analysis of the international experience of future specialists in air transport technologies professional training shows that the characteristic features of training are the mandatory combination of theory and practice, with special emphasis on the professionally-oriented subjects in educational and professional programs, academic curricula, sufficient number of training hours for practice and internship in order to increase the future specialists competitiveness and attract experienced aviation experts to participate in the educational process. Conclusion. Thus, it was concluded that in higher technical education institutions of EU member states (Germany, France, Poland), USA and Great Britain, the content of future specialists in air transport technologies professional training is based on the relevant educational standards implemented in educational and professional training programs involving the inclusion of practice-oriented academic subjects. It should be noted that the educational process of training air transport technologies specialists in higher technical education institutions of foreign countries is based on the application of traditional and rationalistic models as well as the developmental training model.

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Scheidegger, Johanna M., Christopher R. Jackson, Fiona M. McEvoy, and Simon Norris. "Modelling permafrost thickness in Great Britain over glacial cycles." Science of The Total Environment 666 (May 2019): 928–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.152.

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Jones, Joshua, Luca Börger, Jeroen Tummers, Peter Jones, Martyn Lucas, Jim Kerr, Paul Kemp, et al. "A comprehensive assessment of stream fragmentation in Great Britain." Science of The Total Environment 673 (July 2019): 756–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.125.

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Barnes, Andrew Paul, Cecilia Svensson, and Thomas Rodding Kjeldsen. "North Atlantic air pressure and temperature conditions associated with heavy rainfall in Great Britain." International Journal of Climatology 42, no. 5 (November 2, 2021): 3190–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.7414.

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Orange, Vincent, and John Ray. "The Battle of Britain, New Perspectives: Behind the Scenes of the Great Air War." Journal of Military History 59, no. 2 (April 1995): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2944596.

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Perry, Allen, and Leslie Symons. "The wind hazard in Great Britain and its effects on road and air transport." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 52 (May 1994): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(94)90037-x.

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Fitton, N., C. P. Ejerenwa, A. Bhogal, P. Edgington, H. Black, A. Lilly, D. Barraclough, F. Worrall, J. Hillier, and P. Smith. "Greenhouse gas mitigation potential of agricultural land in Great Britain." Soil Use and Management 27, no. 4 (August 18, 2011): 491–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2011.00365.x.

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Doadrio Villarejo, Antonio Luis. "Nitrogen oxides and their role in air pollution." Anales de la Real Academia Nacional de Farmacia 88, no. 88(05) (December 31, 2022): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2022.88.05.01.

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Nitrogen oxides (monoxide and dioxide) known in environmental chemistry as NOx are toxic atmospheric polluting gases of great importance for health. In this way, is necessary for NOx: a) structural study and properties, b) environmental control, in particular anthropogenic origin, c) relationship between environmental concentration and health. In this paper, molecular structure and significant properties of NOx is addressed, using molecular modeling tools carried out Spartan® 16 software. Keywords: nitrogen oxides; NOx; pollution; molecular models

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