Academic literature on the topic 'Air – Pollution – South Africa'

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Journal articles on the topic "Air – Pollution – South Africa"

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Wells, B. "SOUTH AFRICA, HUMPTY DUMPTY AND AIR POLLUTION." Clean Air Journal 7, no. 6 (December 3, 1988): 31–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/caj/1988/7/6.7211.

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Barnes, Brendon, Angela Mathee, Elizabeth Thomas, and Nigel Bruce. "Household energy, indoor air pollution and child respiratory health in South Africa." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 20, no. 1 (February 1, 2009): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2009/v20i1a3296.

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Indoor air pollution due to the indoor burning of polluting fuels has been associated with Acute Lower Respiratory Infections (ALRI) amongst children less than five years old. This paper reviews evidence of the association between household energy, indoor air pollution and child ALRI in South Africa. Studies show evidence consistent with the international literature with the likelihood of ALRI between 2 and 4 amongst children living in households using polluting fuels compared to households using electricity. Indoor air pollution is responsible for the deaths of up to 1 400 children annually. Interven-tions have demonstrated 46 – 97% lower pollution concentrations compared to open fires. However, the sustainability of selected interventions has been questioned in certain contexts. The paper discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the evidence and highlights opportunities for further research.
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Aghedo, A. M., M. G. Schultz, and S. Rast. "The influence of African air pollution on regional and global tropospheric chemistry." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 6, no. 4 (July 4, 2006): 5797–838. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-6-5797-2006.

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Abstract. We investigate the relative importance of African biomass burning, biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOC), lightning and anthropogenic emissions to the tropospheric ozone budget over Africa and globally using a coupled global chemistry climate model. Our model studies indicate that the photochemical surface ozone concentration may rise by up to 50 ppbv in the burning region during the biomass burning seasons. Biogenic VOCs contribute between 5–20 ppbv to the near surface ozone concentration over the tropical African region. The impact of lightning on surface ozone is negligible, while anthropogenic emissions contribute a maximum of 10 ppbv to the surface ozone over Nigeria, South-Africa and Egypt. The annual average of the surface and column ozone over Africa shows that biomass burning is the single most important emission source affecting the African region, while biogenic emissions have the highest contribution during the rainy seasons. The contributions of African emissions to global tropospheric ozone burden (TOB) are about 9 Tg, 13 Tg, 8 Tg and 4 Tg for African biomass burning, biogenic VOC, lightning and anthropogenic emissions respectively. These correspond to 2.4%, 3.4%, 2.1% and 1% of the global tropospheric ozone budget respectively. Over Africa itself, the contribution of each of these emission types is only 2.4 Tg, 2.2 Tg, 1.4 Tg and 0.8 Tg respectively. Outside the continent, African biogenic VOC emissions yield the highest contribution to the TOB. Our model calculations suggest that about 70% of the tropospheric ozone produced from emissions in Africa is found outside the continent, thus exerting a noticeable influence on a large part of the tropical troposphere. Latin America experiences the highest impact of African emissions, followed by southeast and south-central Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East for all the emission categories; while Canada, the United States, Russia, Mongolia, China and Europe experience the least impact of African emissions.
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Aghedo, A. M., M. G. Schultz, and S. Rast. "The influence of African air pollution on regional and global tropospheric ozone." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 7, no. 5 (February 22, 2007): 1193–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-1193-2007.

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Abstract. We investigate the influence of African biomass burning, biogenic, lightning and anthropogenic emissions on the tropospheric ozone over Africa and globally using a coupled global chemistry climate model. Our model studies indicate that surface ozone concentration may rise by up to 50 ppbv in the burning region during the biomass burning seasons. Biogenic emissions yield between 5–30 ppbv increase in the near surface ozone concentration over tropical Africa. The impact of lightning on surface ozone is negligible, while anthropogenic emissions yield a maximum of 7 ppbv increase in the annual-mean surface ozone concentration over Nigeria, South Africa and Egypt. Our results show that biogenic emissions are the most important African emission source affecting total tropospheric ozone. The influence of each of the African emissions on the global tropospheric ozone burden (TOB) of 384 Tg yields about 9.5 Tg, 19.6 Tg, 9.0 Tg and 4.7 Tg for biomass burning, biogenic, lightning and anthropogenic emissions emitted in Africa respectively. The impact of each of these emission categories on African TOB of 33 Tg is 2.5 Tg, 4.1 Tg, 1.75 Tg and 0.89 Tg respectively, which together represents about 28% of the total TOB calculated over Africa. Our model calculations also suggest that more than 70% of the tropospheric ozone produced by each of the African emissions is found outside the continent, thus exerting a noticeable influence on a large part of the tropical troposphere. Apart from the Atlantic and Indian Ocean, Latin America experiences the largest impact of African emissions, followed by Oceania, the Middle East, Southeast and south-central Asia, northern North America (i.e. the United States and Canada), Europe and north-central Asia, for all the emission categories.
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Abiodun, B. J., A. M. Ojumu, S. Jenner, and T. V. Ojumu. "The transport of atmospheric NO<sub>x</sub> and HNO<sub>3</sub> over Cape Town." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 2 (January 20, 2014): 559–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-559-2014.

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Abstract. Cape Town, the most popular tourist city in Africa, usually experiences air pollution with unpleasant odour in winter. Previous studies have associated the pollution with local emission of pollutants within the city. The present study examines the transport of atmospheric pollutants (NOx and HNO3) over South Africa and shows how the transport of pollutants from the Mpumalanga Highveld, a major South African industrial area, may contribute to the pollution in Cape Town. The study analysed observation data (2001–2008) from the Cape Town air-quality network and simulation data (2001–2004) from a regional climate model (RegCM) over southern Africa. The simulation accounts for the influence of complex topography, atmospheric conditions, and atmospheric chemistry on emission and transport of pollutants over southern Africa. Flux budget analysis was used to examine whether Cape Town is a source or sink for NOx and HNO3 during the extreme pollution events. The results show that extreme pollution events in Cape Town are associated with the lower level (surface – 850 hPa) transport of NOx from the Mpumalanga Highveld to Cape Town, and with a tongue of high concentration of HNO3 that extends from the Mpumalanga Highveld to Cape Town along the south coast of South Africa. The prevailing atmospheric conditions during the extreme pollution events feature an upper-level (700 hPa) anticyclone over South Africa and a lower-level col over Cape Town. The anticyclone induces a strong subsidence motion, which prevents vertical mixing of the pollutants and caps high concentration of pollutants close to the surface as they are transported from the Mpumalanga Highveld toward Cape Town. The col accumulates the pollutants over the city. This study shows that Cape Town can be a sink for the NOx and HNO3 during extreme pollution events and suggests that the accumulation of pollutants transported from other areas (e.g. the Mpumalanga Highveld) may contribute to the air pollution in Cape Town.
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Aucamp, P. J. "Pollution research in the Republic of South Africa." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 5, no. 4 (March 18, 1986): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v5i4.1002.

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Pollution is a complex and wide subject. It is endeavoured to categorize it in manageable subdivisions. Since very little information is available on the expenditure on research by the industry, the paper concentrates on the expenditure by the public sector. Research on water pollution is funded by the WRC, the CSIR and the Departments of Water Affairs and Health. The latter is the main source of funds for air-pollution research. The Department of the Environment funds several projects on the abatement of pollution, especially by solid wastes. Some universities conduct research on pollution abatement. With reference to some projections of future developments, the conclusion is reached that much more funds are needed to combat pollution.
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Edlund, Karl Kilbo, Felicia Killman, Peter Molnár, Johan Boman, Leo Stockfelt, and Janine Wichmann. "Health Risk Assessment of PM2.5 and PM2.5-Bound Trace Elements in Thohoyandou, South Africa." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3 (February 2, 2021): 1359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031359.

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We assessed the health risks of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) ambient air pollution and its trace elemental components in a rural South African community. Air pollution is the largest environmental cause of disease and disproportionately affects low- and middle-income countries. PM2.5 samples were previously collected, April 2017 to April 2018, and PM2.5 mass determined. The filters were analyzed for chemical composition. The United States Environmental Protection Agency’s (US EPA) health risk assessment method was applied. Reference doses were calculated from the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, South African National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), and US EPA reference concentrations. Despite relatively moderate levels of PM2.5 the health risks were substantial, especially for infants and children. The average annual PM2.5 concentration was 11 µg/m3, which is above WHO guidelines, but below South African NAAQS. Adults were exposed to health risks from PM2.5 during May to October, whereas infants and children were exposed to risk throughout the year. Particle-bound nickel posed both non-cancer and cancer risks. We conclude that PM2.5 poses health risks in Thohoyandou, despite levels being compliant with yearly South African NAAQS. The results indicate that air quality standards need to be tightened and PM2.5 levels lowered in South Africa.
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Tularam, Hasheel, Lisa F. Ramsay, Sheena Muttoo, Bert Brunekreef, Kees Meliefste, Kees de Hoogh, and Rajen N. Naidoo. "A hybrid air pollution / land use regression model for predicting air pollution concentrations in Durban, South Africa." Environmental Pollution 274 (April 2021): 116513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116513.

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Wichmann, J., and K. V. V. Voyi. "AIR POLLUTION EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES IN SOUTH AFRICA: NEED FOR FRESHENING UP." Epidemiology 16, no. 5 (September 2005): S20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-200509000-00031.

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Abiodun, B. J., A. M. Ojumu, S. Jenner, and T. V. Ojumu. "Transport of atmospheric NO<sub>x</sub> and HNO<sub>3</sub> over Cape Town." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 5 (May 3, 2013): 11827–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-11827-2013.

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Abstract. Cape Town, the most popular tourist city in Africa, usually experiences air pollution with unpleasant odour in winter. Previous studies have associated the pollution with local emission of pollutants within the city. The present study examines the transport of atmospheric pollutants (NOx and HNO3) over South Africa and shows how the transport of pollutants from the Mpumalanga Highveld may contribute to the pollution in Cape Town. The study analysed observation data (2001–2008) from Cape Town air quality network and simulation data (2001–2004) from regional climate model (RegCM4) over southern Africa. The simulation accounts for the influence of complex topography, atmospheric condition, and atmospheric chemistry on emission and transport of pollutants over southern Africa. Flux budget analysis was used to examine whether Cape Town is a source or sink for NOx and HNO3 during the extreme pollution events. The results show that extreme pollution events over Cape Town are associated with the low-level (surface–850 hPa) transport of NOx from the Mpumalanga Highveld to Cape Town, and with a tongue of high concentration of HNO3 that extends from the Mpumalanga Highveld to Cape Town along the south coast of South Africa. The prevailing atmospheric conditions during the extreme pollution events feature an upper-level (700 hPa) anticyclonic flow over South Africa and a low-level col over Cape Town. The anticyclonic flow induces a strong subsidence motion, which prevents vertical mixing of the pollutants and caps high concentration of pollutants close to the surface as they are transported from the Mpumalanga Highveld toward Cape Town, while the col accumulates the pollutants over the city. This study shows that Cape Town can be a sink for the NOx and HNO3 during extreme pollution events and suggests that the accumulation of pollutants transported from other areas (e.g. Mpumalanga Highveld) may contribute substantially to the air pollution in Cape Town.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Air – Pollution – South Africa"

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Botha, Amanda Theophila. "Assessment of air pollution impacts on vegetation in South Africa." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54495.

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Field surveys and biomonitoring network experiments were conducted in selected areas in South Africa to assess possible air pollution damage to vegetation. During field surveys, atmospheric fluoride was identified as an important pollutant that damaged vegetation in residential areas north of Cape Town. Gaseous air pollutants, including acid deposition and acidic mist, probably play a major role in the development of characteristic air pollution injury symptoms observed on pine trees in the Eastern Transvaal area. The impact of urban air pollution in the Cape Town area was evaluated by exposing bio-indicator plants in a network of eight biomonitoring network stations from June 1985 to May 1988. Sensitive Freesia and Gladiolus cultivars were used to biomonitor atmospheric fluoride, while a green bean cultivar was used as a biomonitor of atmospheric sulphur dioxide and ozone. At one location, bio-indicator plants were simultaneously exposed in a biomonitoring network station (plant cages), open-top chambers (filtered and unfiltered), as well as in open plots. The responses of plants grown under these different conditions were compared. During both the winter and summer seasons, ambient fluoride concentrations were estimated to be particularly high at the Loumar biomonitoring station (eastern side of Cape Town), as compared to that at the other biomonitoring stations. Elevated levels of atmospheric fluoride, as well as sulphur dioxide, appeared to prevail in the vicinity of industries located in the northern suburbs of Cape Town (Bothasig, Table View and Edgemead). Interveinal bleaching, which is characteristic of sulphur dioxide injury, was regularly observed on bean plants exposed at the Bothasig biomonitoring station and was usually determined to be significantly worse at this location than at the other biomonitoring stations. These results were confirmed by the evaluation of foliar sulphur content Ambient pollutant concentrations appeared to be effectively reduced inside filtered open-top chambers, as exemplified by higher biomass production and lower foliar fluoride and sulphur levels in the relevant bio-indicator species, compared to that of plants grown in the open plots. The methodology used during this research provided baseline data of the impact of air pollution on vegetation in South Africa which, in the absence of networks of sophisticated state of the art equipment, can be applied to aid in air pollution control strategies.
Ph. D.
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Ramsay, Lisa Frost. "Power and perception : a political ecology of air pollution in Umlazi and Lamontville, South Africa." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609022.

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Gerson, R. "The environmental effects of air pollution from the energy sector in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18220.

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The literature and data describing the environmental effects of air pollution in South Africa were examined, with a focus on the effects that are produced by the use of energy. This examination consisted of three parts: The emissions resulting from the use of the different fuels were calculated, with a complete sectorial and regional breakdown for pollution sources. A review of the data obtained from pollution monitoring programmes conducted in South Africa was completed. It was found that while monitoring is conducted in various regions and urban districts, there are areas with recognised pollution problems, such as townships, where little or no monitoring has been conducted. Often the resulfs of monitoring programmes were not published, or only available in unprocessed form. The literature describing environmental effects related to air pollution was reviewed. The number of studies pertaining to South African environments was found to be limited and tended to focus on certain areas, while neglecting others. Areas requiring further study and research were identified.
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Madonsela, Benett Siyabonga. "Assessment of environmental exposure to air pollution within four neighbourhoods of the Western Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2825.

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Thesis (MTech (Environmental Health))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019.
Background: A recent review on the effects of ambient air pollution on human health in sub-Saharan Africa, specifically calls for an urgent need for more epidemiological studies in developing countries due to a lack of data in these countries. Air pollution information on exposure is important for understanding and addressing its public health impact in developing countries. In many African countries, the spatial distribution of air pollutants has not been quantified even though air pollution is a global public health risk. The main goal of the study was to quantify and compare the seasonal spatial variation of household air pollution in the 4 Western Cape neighbourhoods. Methods: Weekly indoor and outdoor measurements of Particulate Matter (PM2.5), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Ozone (O3), Carbon monoxide (CO) and Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were conducted at 127 households in four informal settlement areas (Khayelitsha, Marconi-Beam, Masiphumulele and Oudtshoorn) during one month each in summer and winter. PM2.5 measurements were conducted using Mesa Labs GK2.05 (KTL) cyclone with the GilAir Plus Air Sampling Pump, Gases were measured using Passam passive samplers. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata V12. Simple linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship between continuous exposure levels and the respective predictor variables. These include distance to major roads, bus routes, open grills and waste burning sites. Results: The highest average weekly outdoor PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations for summer were recorded in Milnerton (8.76 µg/m3 and 16.32 µg/m3 respectively). However, the highest average concentrations during winter for PM2.5 were recorded in Oudtshoorn (PM2.5: 16.07 µg/m3), whilst the highest NO2, was recorded in Khayelitsha (NO2: 35.69 µg/m3). SO2 levels were consistently low during both seasons. Noordhoek generally recorded the lowest average levels for all pollutants. Winter average weekly concentrations were generally higher than the levels recorded in summer for all pollutants. In a sub-sample of indoor and outdoor measurements, the results were comparable for PM2.5, NO2 and CO. However, the results of Ozone (O3) showed relatively higher (~10 times) outdoor compared to indoor levels. Linear regression modelling results revealed that significant predictors of elevated exposure to PM2.5 were proximity to construction activities and open grills. Analysis demonstrated a clear dose-response relationship with distance, with open grills within 1000m associated with a 0.33 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 to 6.77 µg/m3 at a distance of 25 meters. Results from the linear regression modelling revealed that significant predictors of exposure to NO2 were proximity to rapid transport bus stops, bus routes, taxi routes and major routes. Distance to rapid transport bus stops demonstrated an increase in NO2 between 0.09 µg/m3 (at 1km) to 2.16 µg/m3 (at 50m) during summer. A similar pattern was observed for taxi routes and bus routes displaying an increase of 6.26 μg/m3and 6.82 μg/m3 respectively within the proximity of 1000 meters.
MAUERBERGER Foundation Scholarship
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Witi, Jongikhaya. "Development of a predictive haze index to reflect observed visibility degradation in the city of Cape Town." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/911.

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Thesis (MTech (Chemical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006
Measurement and forecasting of visibility is essential in assessing the extent of visibility degradation (haze) due to air pollution in Cape Town. Rapid impairment in visibility over the years forced the City ofCape Town to initiate the Brown Haze I (BH I) study in September 1997. The main objective of the Brown Haze I Study was to determine the contribution of all major pollutant sources to the brown haze, and to determine other factors that contribute to haze formation. However to date no study has attempted to devise quantitative methods to monitor visibility in Cape Town. This study reports on a new method of measuting visibility using Digital Image Processing. An hourly series of time-stamped images of three scenic vistas was recorded over a period of 8 months (20060318 to 20061031) using three co-located Sanyo E-6311xP-H digital cameras equipped with E-50500D 20 to lOOrnrn Variable-focal Auto Iris Lenses. The cameras were orientated in three directions (approximately due west, north and east). These time- stamped images were archived for subsequent digital image processing. The average image intensities of selected areas of each image were calculated using the histogram function of digital image processing software (PhotoshopTM 7.0), to obtain the inherent and apparent contrast ratios. The inherent and apparent contrast measurements were then used to calculate light extinction coefficient (bex') and the visual range (VR).
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Okoli, Nwakego Joy. "The slow adoption of telecommuting in South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2424.

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Thesis (MTech (Information Technology))--Cape Peninsula University, 2016.
Climate change imposes indisputable burdens on economic development by significantly causing damage to the environment. In the transportation sector, carbon dioxide emissions from vehicles are seen as top environmental pollutants around the world and in South Africa. Despite increasing environmental issues, many people, including business leaders, generally think of environmental issues as disconnected from their everyday business lives and behavioural patterns. The Republic of South Africa as a member of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) encourages any practices and processes that will control, reduce or prevent anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. The adoption of telecommuting for travel reduction can impact positively on environmental sustainability by reducing the amount of commuter driving and thus reducing carbon emissions. Telecommuting is an arrangement where an employee works from home or out of office using telecommunication links (internet, email and/or telephone) to reduce commuting to and from the office, enhance productivity in the organisation, and reduce office space requirements. However, despite the well documented benefits of telecommuting, the uptake of telecommuting in South Africa is slow. This study falls under the Green Information Technology research field. The aim of the study is to identify the reasons behind the slow adoption of telecommuting in South African organisations. The study followed embedded multiple-case studies. Qualitative data were collected from nine companies using semi-structured interviews with 19 participants comprising of Information Technology (IT) and Human Resource (HR) managers, telecommuters and non-telecommuters. The companies were selected to be as diverse as possible in the operating sector and both purposive and snowball strategies were used.
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Schoeman, Johann Petrus. "Die korrelasie tussen die lugbesoedelingstatus en die lewenskwaliteit van die inwoners van Bayview en die invloed daarvan op hul persepsies." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/790.

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Thesis (MTech (Environmental Health))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010
Air pollution is a global problem and it can also have a larger impact in developing countries like South-Africa. Mossel Bay was one of the regions in the Western-Cape that was rated to have potentially poor air quality. With above mentioned in mind, the research was done in Bayview. Bayview is a upper income suburb of Mossel-Bay. The suburb is surrounded by industrial activities that increased the possibility of a bad status of the air. This research measured the concentrations of the primary pollutants, SO2, NO2, PM10, O3 en Benzine, as well as the meteorological data for a period of one year as from the 1st October 2008 to the 30th of September 2009. The monitoring was done by using the mobile air quality monitoring station of the Western Cape Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning's that was situated in Mossel Bay. The research also correlated with the human aspects of air quality control and the monitoring results. The quality of life of the Bayview residents was measured by using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire had amongst others, obtained the symptoms of certain air quality related diseases that the 114 respondents have recorded for the responding period of air quality monitoring. Other aspects that were researched were obtaining the social status, exposure, and work exposure and health consciousness of the respondents. Air quality surveys can fail if not put in the context of the perceptions of the affected communities. Therefore the perceptions of the respondents were also tested by a structured questionnaire. Aspects of perceptions that were tested were amongst others, the visual influence of perceptions, exposure, social status and the perception of the hazard. The results of the monitoring station for the period from 1st October 2008 to 30 September 2009, were compared with the proposed standards of the National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act (Act 39 of 2004) South-African National Ambient Air Quality Standards, as well as the SANS 1929 target values for PM10. There were no exceedences of the measured pollutants against the National Air Quality Standards. The results found that the SANS 1929 standards were also not exceeded for SO2, NO2, O' and C6H6. The concentrations of PM10 equaled the SANS standards of 75pg/m3 on a few occasions. However, the SANS 1929 daily target values of 50pg/m3 were exceeded on a few occasions. Overall though, the air quality status of the research area was within the legislative conditions. Twenty six point three percent (26.3% n = 30) of the respondents did not indicate any symptoms of any air quality related illnesses during the study period.
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Truluck, Timothy Francis. "Hospital admission patterns of childhood respiratory illness in Cape Town and their association with air pollution and meteorological factors." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17402.

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Bibliography: pages 103-119.
The aims of this study were (a) to examine the profile of hospital admissions for selected respiratory illnesses for two major hospitals in Cape Town, and (b) to analyse the association of such admissions with air pollution indicators and meteorological variables. The first part of the study investigated the admission patterns of coloured and African children under twelve years of age who were diagnosed as suffering from asthma or acute respiratory infections at two major teaching hospitals in Cape Town. Computerized hospital admission records covering the years 1988-1990 from the overnight holding wards of the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and Tygerberg Hospital were used to determine patterns with respect to diagnosis, gender, race, age and date of admission. During the three year study period, respiratory admissions at both hospitals accounted for 15 078 (47.3%) out of a total of 31 887 admissions. Acute respiratory infections accounted for 63.6% and asthma 37.4 % of these respiratory admissions. Two factors of interest were noted: (1) Considerably more males than females were admitted with both asthma and acute respiratory infections. (2) Asthma admissions to Red Cross Hospital among African children were proportionally much less than those of coloured children when compared to the proportions of admissions for acute respiratory infections. After removal of the seasonal effect, a multiple linear regression model was fitted to the data to determine the individual associations between admissions and ambient environmental variables. Significant associations were found between: (1) acute respiratory infections and oxides of nitrogen, soiling index, and temperature; (2) asthma and oxides of nitrogen (3) total admissions and soiling index, average temperature and minimum temperature (negative). The study concluded that despite generally low levels of air pollution in Cape Town, childhood respiratory admissions to Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and Tygerberg Hospital were statistically significantly associated with some ambient air pollutants as well as temperature. However, given the nature of both the exposure and admissions databases, these results should be treated with caution. More representative site selections for air pollution monitors, as well as searching and controlling for possible confounding factors (i.e. indoor air pollution, parental smoking, overcrowding), would allow a better understanding of the current air pollution problem and the possible effects on the respiratory health of children in metropolitan Cape Town.
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Steyn, Sunette. "The Management of aerial particulate pollution the case of Platinum Industry Smelters in the Rustenburg region of the North West Province, South Africa /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12132005-112533.

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Bagula, Herman Joseph. "Ambient air pollution and cardiorespiratory outcomes amongst adult residing in four informal settlements in the Western Province of South Africa." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31351.

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Background Many studies investigating the relationship between ambient air pollution and cardiorespiratory outcomes have been conducted in developed countries despite more vulnerable populations in low- and middle-income countries especially in Africa. No studies previous studies have been done in South Africa informal settlements. Aim The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between ambient air pollutant exposure and self-reported cardiorespiratory outcomes amongst adults residing in four informal settlements of the Western Province of South Africa. Methods This cross-sectional study included 572 adults from four informal settlements (Khayelitsha, Marconi Beam, Oudtshoorn and Masiphumele) in the Western Cape, South Africa. The study made use of Land Use Regression to estimate each participant’s exposure to particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). A questionnaire was adapted from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey questionnaire to collect data on self-reported cardiorespiratory outcomes and specific confounding factors of interest. Results The median age the participants was 39 years (Interquartile Range (IQR): 33 - 45) with 88.5% female. The median NO2 level was 22.4 µg/m3 (IQR: 13.3 - 24.1) and the median PM2.5 level was 10.6 µg/m3 (IQR: 8.7 - 13.1). An increase of 10µg/m3 in annual NO2 level was found to be associated with a 2.9 (95%CI: 1.3 to 6.1) odds of having self-reported chest pain, adjusting for PM2.5 and confounders. No other significant association was found indicating an adverse health effect due to air pollution. Conclusion The study found preliminary circumstantial evidence of an association between annual ambient NO2 exposure and self-reported chest pain (a crude proxy of angina related pain), even at levels below both WHO Air Quality Guidelines and the South African National Ambient Air Quality Standards. However, the results should be interpreted cautiously due to the self-reported nature of the outcome measure and the cross-sectional design of the study.
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Books on the topic "Air – Pollution – South Africa"

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Clean Air Challenges in a Changing South Africa (1993 Dikhololo Game Lodge, Brits). Proceedings of Clean Air Challenges in a Changing South Africa Conference: 11 & 12 November, 1993, Dikhololo Game Lodge, Brits. Johannesburg: Natinoal Association for Clean Air, 1993.

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South Africa from the air. Cape Town: Struik, 1992.

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South Coast Air Quality Management District (Calif.). Air quality management plan, South Coast air basin: Draft. [El Monte, Calif.]: The District, 1990.

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Potgieter, Herman. The South African Air Force. Cape Town: C. Struik, 1987.

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), South Coast Air Quality Management District (Calif. 1991 air quality management plan, South Coast air basin: Final. [El Monte, Calif.]: South Coast Air Quality Management District, 1991.

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Khwaja, Mahmood A., and Ayesha Salman. Air pollution reduction and control in South Asia. Islamabad: Sustainable Development Policy Institute, 2012.

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Hall, Ronald M. Yankton Sioux Tribe-Marty Indian School, Marty, South Dakota. [Atlanta, Ga.?]: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1999.

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Hall, Ronald M. Yankton Sioux Tribe-Marty Indian School, Marty, South Dakota. [Atlanta, Ga.?]: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1999.

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Hall, Ronald M. Yankton Sioux Tribe-Marty Indian School, Marty, South Dakota. [Atlanta, Ga.?]: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1999.

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Hall, Ronald M. Yankton Sioux Tribe-Marty Indian School, Marty, South Dakota. [Atlanta, Ga.?]: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Air – Pollution – South Africa"

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Cairncross, Eugene, Aqiel Dalvie, Rico Euripidou, James Irlam, and Rajen Nithiseelan Naidoo. "Climate Change, Air Pollution and Health in South Africa." In Climate Change and Air Pollution, 327–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61346-8_20.

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Prabhakar, Ashish V. "The air pollution conundrum in Delhi." In Urbanization in the Global South, 225–41. London: Routledge India, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003093282-12.

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Aberra, Edlam. "Air Pollution In Addis Ababa." In Local Environmental Change and Society in Africa, 173–97. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2103-5_8.

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Jeričević, Amela, Darko Koračin, Jinhua Jiang, Judith Chow, John Watson, Eric Fujita, and Hiroaki Minoura. "Air Quality Study of High Ozone Levels in South California." In Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXII, 629–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5577-2_106.

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Tyali, Siyasanga M. "‘Communities’ of the air." In Radio, Public Life and Citizen Deliberation in South Africa, 125–40. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. | Series: Routledge contemporary South Africa: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003027744-10.

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Kaliyev, A. Z. "Environmental Conditions in the Areas Exposed to Emission from the Gas Processing Industry in South Ural." In Air Pollution in the Ural Mountains, 141–43. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5208-2_12.

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Johnston-White, Iain E. "On the Fringes: South Africa and Air Training." In The British Commonwealth and Victory in the Second World War, 135–42. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-58917-0_10.

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Kumar, Rajesh, Mary C. Barth, Luca Delle Monache, Sachin D. Ghude, Gabriele Pfister, Manish Naja, and Guy P. Brasseur. "An Overview of Air Quality Modeling Activities in South Asia." In Air Pollution in Eastern Asia: An Integrated Perspective, 27–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59489-7_2.

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Aberra, Edlam. "Air Pollution in Addis Ababa: The Predicament of “Chile Sefer”." In Local Environmental Change and Society in Africa, 177–202. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-1003-0_8.

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Poulet, D., and S. Cautenet. "Redistribution of Carbon Monoxide in Central Africa During Biomass Burning Events (Expresso Experiment)." In Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application XIII, 75–83. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4153-0_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Air – Pollution – South Africa"

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Forbes, P. B. C. "Particle emissions from household fires in South Africa." In AIR POLLUTION 2012. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air120391.

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KWATA, MAPHUTI G., and SHADUNG J. MOJA. "MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DUSTFALL SAMPLES FROM MPUMALANGA PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA." In AIR POLLUTION 2017. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air170111.

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Nhamo, G. "CDM project approval and evaluation criteria: comparative study of Morocco and South Africa." In AIR POLLUTION 2007. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air070541.

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Mkhatshwa, G. V. "Air quality monitoring and management for the industrialized Highveld region of South Africa." In AIR POLLUTION 2008. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air080231.

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MOJA, SHADUNG J., and PHUMUDZO THIVHAFUNI. "NO2, SO2, C6H6, O3 AND PM10 LEVELS WITHIN THE BA-PHALABORWA MUNICIPALITY OF SOUTH AFRICA." In AIR POLLUTION 2017. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air170101.

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ROFFE, SARAH, RAEESA MOOLLA, and STEFAN GRAB. "THE INFLUENCE OF BTEX LANDFILL GAS EMISSIONS: A CASE STUDY OF RESIDENTS IN ROODEPOORT, GAUTENG, SOUTH AFRICA." In AIR POLLUTION 2017. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air170151.

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Pretorius, I. "The impact of the South African energy crisis on emissions." In AIR POLLUTION 2015, edited by S. J. Piketh and R. P. Burger. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air150211.

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KWATA, MAPHUTI G., SHADUNG J. MOJA, and GLADNESS M. CHADI. "A PHYSICO-CHEMICAL STUDY OF DUST SAMPLES FROM THE DERELICT AND OWNERLESS ASBESTOS MINE DUMPS IN MPUMALANGA PROVINCE, REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA." In AIR POLLUTION 2018. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air180311.

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Language, B., S. J. Piketh, B. Wernecke, and R. Burger. "Household air pollution in South African low-income settlements: a case study." In AIR POLLUTION 2016. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air160211.

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MASHALANE, TLOU B., SHADUNG J. MOJA, OBED NOVHE, MAPHUTI G. KWATA, and KHUTHADZO MASINDI. "A STUDY OF TRAPPED DUST AND DUSTFALL SAMPLES FROM HUMAN SETTLEMENTS NEAR REHABILITATED AND NON-REHABILITATED ABANDONED ASBESTOS MINE DUMPS IN THE NORTHERN CAPE PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA." In AIR POLLUTION 2018. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air180331.

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Reports on the topic "Air – Pollution – South Africa"

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Ness, J. Erik, Vikram Ravi, and Garvin Heath. An Overview of Policies Influencing Air Pollution from the Electricity Sector in South Asia. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1818877.

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Map showing free-air gravity anomalies off the western coast of Africa Senegal (south of 15° north latitude) to Sierra Leone. US Geological Survey, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/mf2098d.

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