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Journal articles on the topic 'Air raid warning systems'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Hong, Sunguk, Cheoljeong Park, and Seongjin Cho. "A Rail-Temperature-Prediction Model Based on Machine Learning: Warning of Train-Speed Restrictions Using Weather Forecasting." Sensors 21, no. 13 (July 5, 2021): 4606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21134606.

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Predicting the rail temperature of a railway system is important for establishing a rail management plan against railway derailment caused by orbital buckling. The rail temperature, which is directly responsible for track buckling, is closely related to air temperature, which continuously increases due to global warming effects. Moreover, railway systems are increasingly installed with continuous welded rails (CWRs) to reduce train vibration and noise. Unfortunately, CWRs are prone to buckling. This study develops a reliable and highly accurate novel model that can predict rail temperature using a machine learning method. To predict rail temperature over the entire network with high-prediction performance, the weather effect and solar effect features are used. These features originate from the analysis of the thermal environment around the rail. Precisely, the presented model has a higher performance for predicting high rail temperature than other models. As a convenient structural health-monitoring application, the train-speed-limit alarm-map (TSLAM) was also proposed, which visually maps the predicted rail-temperature deviations over the entire network for railway safety officers. Combined with TSLAM, our rail-temperature prediction model is expected to improve track safety and train timeliness.
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KELLY, FRANK J., GARY W. FULLER, HEATHER A. WALTON, and JULIA C. FUSSELL. "Monitoring air pollution: Use of early warning systems for public health." Respirology 17, no. 1 (December 21, 2011): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1843.2011.02065.x.

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3

Desnanjaya, I. Gusti Made Ngurah, I Gede Pandy Sastrawan, and I Wayan Dani Pranata. "SISTEM PERINGATAN KETINGGIAN AIR DAN KENDALI TEMUKU (PINTU AIR) UNTUK IRIGASI SAWAH." Jurnal RESISTOR (Rekayasa Sistem Komputer) 3, no. 1 (April 17, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31598/jurnalresistor.v3i1.560.

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The irrigation system in rainfed lowland is done through a water gate (Temuku). Farmers should always control the height of the water and wetland gates during the dry and rainy seasons. This is due to delays in control which can cause the fields to dry or flooded. In this research, water warning system and Temuku control (water gate) for irrigation of paddy field. This tool can provide water level information and can also close or open the irrigation water gate through an SMS. Components used in the manufacture of water alert warning systems and the control of Temuku (sluice gates) for irrigation rice fields are arduino UNO, ultrasonic sensors, SIM 900 and servo motors. From the results of tests that have been done, it can be concluded that the system of water warning and control of Temuku (sluice gate) for irrigation of paddy field has been able to provide water level information to farmers and also the system has been able to control the irrigation water gate according to the input given by SMS.
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Mesa-Jiménez, José Joaquín, Lee Stokes, QingPing Yang, and Valerie Livina. "Early warning signals of failures in building management systems." International Journal of Metrology and Quality Engineering 12 (2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ijmqe/2021009.

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In the context of sensor data generated by Building Management Systems (BMS), early warning signals are still an unexplored topic. The early detection of anomalies can help preventing malfunctions of key parts of a heating, cooling and air conditioning (HVAC) system that may lead to a range of BMS problems, from important energy waste to fatal errors in the worst case. We analyse early warning signals in BMS sensor data for early failure detection. In this paper, the studied failure is a malfunction of one specific Air Handling Unit (AHU) control system that causes temperature spikes of up to 30 degrees Celsius due to overreaction of the heating and cooling valves in response to an anomalous temperature change caused by the pre-heat coil in winter period in a specific area of a manufacturing facility. For such purpose, variance, lag-1 autocorrelation function (ACF1), power spectrum (PS) and variational autoencoder (VAE) techniques are applied to both univariate and multivariate scenarios. The univariate scenario considers the application of these techniques to the control variable only (the one that displays the failure), whereas the multivariate analysis considers the variables affecting the control variable for the same purpose. Results show that anomalies can be detected up to 32 hours prior to failure, which gives sufficient time to BMS engineers to prevent a failure and therefore, an proactive approach to BMS failures is adopted instead of a reactive one.
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Scheibe, Robert R., and Per G. Reinhall. "Safety Monitoring of Air Brake Systems on Board Commercial Vehicles." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1560, no. 1 (January 1996): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196156000107.

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Research is leading to development of an on-board, intelligent air brake warning device (IBWD) for commercial vehicles equipped with such brakes. Recent statistics show that a disturbing proportion of commercial vehicles are operating with brakes that are out of adjustment or otherwise improperly maintained. Air brake systems on multiaxle vehicles are particularly sensitive to brake adjustment and provide poor feedback of deteriorating performance to drivers. Currently, the only active warning is for low air pressure; drivers receive no information about the effectiveness of the total system. Recent improvements, including automatic slack adjusters and antilock brake systems, are not sufficient to ensure adequacy of brakes. IBWD performs an on-board, real-time assessment of vehicle brake performance through measurement of a relatively small number of parameters. It gives drivers adequate time for corrective action and provides maintenance personnel and authorities with valuable information for improved servicing and inspection activities. In addition to the safety benefits, IBWD will enhance commercial vehicle productivity by reducing unnecessary delays at inspection points and by boosting overall acceptance of other intelligent transportation system technologies. A discussion of IBWD design philosophy and methodology is presented. The measurable parameters of interest are discussed, along with how they will be monitored. Analysis and modeling of empirical data collected from an extensive full-scale vehicle test program are presented, along with techniques for deriving a brake assessment algorithm.
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Masselot, Pierre, Fateh Chebana, Éric Lavigne, Céline Campagna, Pierre Gosselin, and Taha B. M. J. Ouarda. "Toward an Improved Air Pollution Warning System in Quebec." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 12 (June 13, 2019): 2095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122095.

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The nature of pollutants involved in smog episodes can vary significantly in various cities and contexts and will impact local populations differently due to actual exposure and pre-existing sensitivities for cardiovascular or respiratory diseases. While regulated standards and guidance remain important, it is relevant for cities to have local warning systems related to air pollution. The present paper proposes indicators and thresholds for an air pollution warning system in the metropolitan areas of Montreal and Quebec City (Canada). It takes into account past and current local health impacts to launch its public health warnings for short-term episodes. This warning system considers fine particulate matter (PM2.5) as well as the combined oxidant capacity of ozone and nitrogen dioxide (Ox) as environmental exposures. The methodology used to determine indicators and thresholds consists in identifying extreme excess mortality episodes in the data and then choosing the indicators and thresholds to optimize the detection of these episodes. The thresholds found for the summer were 31 μg/m3 for PM2.5 and 43 ppb for Ox in Montreal, and 32 μg/m3 and 23 ppb in Quebec City. In winter, thresholds found were 25 μg/m3 and 26 ppb in Montreal, and 33 μg/m3 and 21 ppb in Quebec City. These results are in line with different guidelines existing concerning air quality, but more adapted to the cities examined. In addition, a sensitivity analysis is conducted which suggests that Ox is more determinant than PM2.5 in detecting excess mortality episodes.
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7

Mehiriz, Kaddour, and Pierre Gosselin. "Evaluation of the Impacts of a Phone Warning and Advising System for Individuals Vulnerable to Smog. Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial Study in Canada." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 10 (May 22, 2019): 1817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101817.

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Smog warning systems are components of adaptation strategies that are adopted by governments around the world to protect their citizens from extreme episodes of air pollution. As part of a growing research stream on the effectiveness of these systems, this article presents the results of a study on the impacts of an automated phone warning and advising system for individuals vulnerable to air pollution. A sample of 1328 individuals were recruited and randomly assigned to treatment and control groups. The treatment group received smog warning while the control group did not. Data were collected via three phone surveys, two before and one after issuing the smog warning. The comparison between treatment and control groups indicates that exposure to a smog warning improved information on the occurrence of smog episodes (n = 484, OR = 5.58, p = 0.00), and knowledge on protective behaviors. Furthermore, members of treatment group were more likely to avoid exposure to smog episodes by spending more time inside with the windows closed than usual (n = 474, OR = 2.03, p = 0.00). Members of treatment group who take medication in the form of aerosol pumps also kept these devices on themselves more frequently than those of control group (n= 109, OR = 2.15, p = 0.03). The system however had no discernible effects on the awareness of air pollution risks, reduction of health symptoms related to smog and the use of health system services. The absence of health benefits could be related to the lower actual exposure to air pollution of such vulnerable groups during winter.
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8

Roudnitsky and Duke. "General principles of the biometric systems building for the warning the unauthorized use air court." SPIIRAS Proceedings, no. 4 (March 17, 2014): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.15622/sp.4.30.

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9

Wang, Fangping, and Su Fei. "Quantifying the effectiveness of early warning systems for heavy air pollution based on public responses." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 657 (February 20, 2021): 012065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/657/1/012065.

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10

Oprea, Mihaela, Marius Olteanu, and Radu Teodor Ianache. "An Urban Air Pollution Early Warning System Based on PM2.5 Prediction Applied in Ploiesti City." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 4 (May 15, 2017): 858–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.4.5566.

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Fine particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 �m (i.e. PM2.5) is an air pollutant of special concern for urban areas due to its potential significant negative effects on human health, especially on children and elderly people. In order to reduce these effects, new tools based on PM2.5 monitoring infrastructures tailored to specific urban regions are needed by the local and regional environmental management systems for the provision of an expert support to decision makers in air quality planning for cities and also, to inform in real time the vulnerable population when PM2.5 related air pollution episodes occur. The paper focuses on urban air pollution early warning based on PM2.5 prediction. It describes the methodology used, the prediction approach, and the experimental system developed under the ROKIDAIR project for the analysis of PM2.5 air pollution level, health impact assessment and early warning of sensitive people in the Ploiesti city. The PM2.5 concentration evolution prediction is correlated with PM2.5 air pollution and health effects analysis, and the final result is processed by the ROKIDAIR Early Warning System (EWS) and sent as a message to the affected population via email or SMS. ROKIDAIR EWS is included in the ROKIDAIR decision support system.
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11

Reis, Erlei Melo, and Marta Maria Casa Blum. "Weather based warning systems for bean angular-leaf-spot and anthracnose." Summa Phytopathologica 38, no. 3 (September 2012): 228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-54052012000300008.

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Data available in the literature were used to develop a warning system for bean angular leaf spot and anthracnose, caused by Phaeoisariopsis griseola and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, respectively. The model is based on favorable environmental conditions for the infectious process such as continuous leaf wetness duration and mean air temperature during this subphase of the pathogen-host relationship cycle. Equations published by DALLA PRIA (1977) showing the interactions of those two factors on the disease severity were used. Excell spreadsheet was used to calculate the leaf wetness period needed to cause different infection probabilities at different temperature ranges. These data were employed to elaborate critical period tables used to program a computerized electronic device that records leaf wetness duration and mean temperature and automatically shows the daily disease severity value (DDSV) for each disease. The model should be validated in field experiments under natural infection for which the daily disease severity sum (DDSS) should be identified as a criterion to indicate the beginning and the interval of fungicide applications to control both diseases.
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12

Peladarinos, Nikolaos, Vasileios Cheimaras, Dimitrios Piromalis, Konstantinos G. Arvanitis, Panagiotis Papageorgas, Nikolaos Monios, Ioannis Dogas, Milos Stojmenovic, and Georgios Tsaramirsis. "Early Warning Systems for COVID-19 Infections Based on Low-Cost Indoor Air-Quality Sensors and LPWANs." Sensors 21, no. 18 (September 15, 2021): 6183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186183.

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During the last two years, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to wreak havoc in many areas of the world, as the infection spreads through person-to-person contact. Transmission and prognosis, once infected, are potentially influenced by many factors, including indoor air pollution. Particulate Matter (PM) is a complex mixture of solid and/or liquid particles suspended in the air that can vary in size, shape, and composition and recent scientific work correlate this index with a considerable risk of COVID-19 infections. Early Warning Systems (EWS) and the Internet of Things (IoT) have given rise to the development of Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) based on sensors, which measure PM levels and monitor In-door Air pollution Quality (IAQ) in real-time. This article proposes an open-source platform architecture and presents the development of a Long Range (LoRa) based sensor network for IAQ and PM measurement. A few air quality sensors were tested, a network platform was implemented after simulating setup topologies, emphasizing feasible low-cost open platform architecture.
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13

Hussain, Abadal Salam T., Israa A. Dahham, F. Malek, Qais H. Jeflawi, Jailani O. Mahmoud, Ahmad Zaidi Abdullah, Muhammad Irwanto Misrun, Gomesh Nair Shasidharan, Mohd Irwan Yusoff, and Taha A. Taha. "Early Warning for DC Power Failure System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 793 (September 2015): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.793.124.

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Electrical systems and devices suffer from unexpected failures due to various reasons such as input voltage fluctuation and low or high voltages. This paper discussedabout the development of a device for detecting imminent failure of electric products such as refrigerators, ovens, Air-conditions and etc. The main objective of this developed preventive device is todetect voltage drop or rise and produce an alarmsignal to enable and activates other protection circuitry.The mechanismof the detector/sensing circuit is based on differentiating the voltage level using dualcomparator; this makes the system more considerate. The method enables real-time monitoring of stability boundaries and the corresponding margin to the observed operating point, which is used to provide an early warning for emerging stability problems.
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14

Jiang, Ping, Chen Li, Ranran Li, and Hufang Yang. "An innovative hybrid air pollution early-warning system based on pollutants forecasting and Extenics evaluation." Knowledge-Based Systems 164 (January 2019): 174–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2018.10.036.

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15

Monk, Kevin J., Lisa Fern, R. Conrad Rorie, and Zachary Roberts. "Utility of Visual and Auditory Warning Alerting for Traffic Avoidance during UAS Operations." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 62, no. 1 (September 2018): 1515–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621343.

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Minimum Operational Performance Standards (MOPS) are being developed to support the integration of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) in the National Airspace System (NAS). Input from subject matter experts and multiple research studies have informed display requirements for Detect-and-Avoid (DAA) systems aimed at supporting timely and appropriate pilot responses to collision hazards. DAA alerting is designed to inform pilots of potential threats to “DAA well clear”; the two highest alert levels – caution and warning – indicate how soon pilot action is required and whether there is adequate time to coordinate with the air traffic controller (ATC). Additional empirical support is needed to clarify the extent to which warning-level alerting impacts DAA task performance. The present study explores the differential effects of the auditory and visual cues provided by the DAA Warning alert, and performance implications compared to caution-only alerting are discussed.
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16

Kim, K. S., M. L. Gleason, and S. E. Taylor. "Forecasting Site-Specific Leaf Wetness Duration for Input to Disease-Warning Systems." Plant Disease 90, no. 5 (May 2006): 650–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-0650.

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Empirical models based on classification and regression tree analysis (CART model) or fuzzy logic (FL model) were used to forecast leaf wetness duration (LWD) 24 h into the future, using site-specific weather data estimates as inputs. Forecasted LWD and air temperature then were used as inputs to simulate performance of the Melcast and TOM-CAST disease-warning systems. Overall, the CART and FL models underpredicted LWD with a mean error (ME) of 2.3 and 3.9 h day-1, respectively. The CFL model, a corrected version of the FL model using a weight value, reduced ME in LWD forecasts to -1.1 h day-1. In the Melcast and TOM-CAST simulations, the CART and CFL models predicted timing of occurrence of action thresholds similarly to thresholds derived from on-site weather data measurements. Both models forecasted the exact spray dates for approximately 45% of advisories derived from measurements. When hindcast and forecast estimates derived from site-specific estimates provided by SkyBit Inc. were used as inputs, the CART and CFL models forecasted spray advisories within 3 days for approximately 70% of simulation periods for the Melcast and TOM-CAST disease-warning systems. The results demonstrate that these models substantially enhance the accuracy of commercial site-specific LWD estimates and, therefore, can enhance performance of disease-warning systems using LWD as an input.
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Khoroshko, V. V., R. V. Hlinisty, R. R. Hlinisty, E. N. Shneiderov, A. G. Korolev, and O. M. Korol. "Еlectronic fire safety systems efficiency in the combustion zone of cars for underground parkings of residential buildings." Doklady BGUIR 18, no. 7 (November 25, 2020): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.35596/1729-7648-2020-18-7-63-70.

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In this paper we presents the results of tests of automatic fire alarm systems in terms of reducing the temperature effect on building structures (floors), air ducts of the exhaust smoke ventilation system. Tests were carried out to determine the efficiency of the antismoke ventilation system for the removal of combustion products through steel air ducts with a metal thickness of 1 mm, as well as analysis of the temperature regime on building structures, the air duct of the exhaust smoke ventilation system under fire exposure. For the warning system (SO) of the second type, CO-2 we used on the basis of ISO “Bolid” devices. The launch of a fire warning system is provided for: automatically from an automatic fire extinguishing system; remotely from manual fire detectors installed at emergency exits from the vehicle storage room. Two full-scale firing tests were carried out for passenger cars. During the tests, the vehicles were ignited from inside the passenger compartment. In the course of the fire tests proved that the antismoke control ventilation ducts retained their integrity and tightness, which was confirmed by the positive protocols of aerodynamic tests of the smoke control ventilation system. The air ducts of the exhaust smoke ventilation system retained their integrity, the flange connections of the air ducts retained their strength and tightness, the fastenings of the air ducts were not damaged and retained their functions. The tests established the following: limitation of the fire center in the horizontal projection of the vehicle (the perimeter of the vehicle); filling the volume of the storage room for vehicles with a smoke-steam-air mixture occurs in an avalanche manner over the entire height of the room; as a result of the avalanche-like filling of the room, the absence of a neutral zone (security zone) was determined. Based on the results of the tests, it is possible to make changes to the existing technical normative legal acts.
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Mustață, Dan-Marius. "Air quality sensors in public transport stops and cross-system communication." Journal of Research and Innovation for Sustainable Society 3, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33727/jriss.2021.1.1:5-10.

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The purpose of this article is to present a state of art implementation of air quality sensors in public transport stops. Effects on health due to different types of pollutants are summarized as well. Functional scope of the solutions, via warning messages displayed for passengers waiting at these stops, including a cross system communication between traffic management and public transport systems, are also focused. Analysis of existing sensor types from multiple view point including functions, types of measured pollutants, price ranges and comparisons are outlined.
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Teke, Mustafa, and Fecir Duran. "The design and implementation of road condition warning system for drivers." Measurement and Control 52, no. 7-8 (July 17, 2019): 985–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020294019858088.

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Intelligent transportation systems are advanced applications that inform vehicle drivers about road conditions. The main purpose of the intelligent transportation systems is to reduce either tangible or intangible loss for the drivers by ensuring the safety of passengers and vehicles. In this study, a system is designed and implemented using wireless sensor networks to inform vehicle drivers about the condition of the road surface. Icing has been chosen as the primary focus of the study since it is considered to be a big threat to road and driver’s safety. The temperature at 10 cm depth of the road, air temperature, relative humidity, air pressure and conductivity values are used as the input data for the prediction of icing on the road surface. The data were previously collected on Raspberry Pi which is a single-board computer and the data were read and processed instantly via k-nearest neighbor algorithm. Using these collected data, the road surface condition is classified as icy, dry, wet or salty-wet. The analyzed results for the road surface condition are presented to the drivers via a mobile application in real time. The drivers are alerted visually and audibly as they approach the coordinates on the road where risky conditions are present.
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Wang, Husong, Zhenyu Ni, Wei Jin, Qizhong Huang, Guihui Xiao, Yuannan Le, Jianmin Liu, Xiaohu Hu, Lifeng Chen, and Biao Fang. "Research and practice of kinetic energy system risk control technology in tobacco enterprises." E3S Web of Conferences 237 (2021): 02019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123702019.

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The purpose of this paper is to provide a data-oriented risk prevention and control system for seven major kinetic energy supply systems (power distribution, dust removal, moisture removal and odor removal, air pressure, vacuum, process soft water and sewage station water manufacturing, boiler steam system, air conditioning). The traditional risk control means should be improved through systematic process and information technology, and the risk management of operation control should be gradually transformed from event-driven to data-driven, so as to strengthen the comprehensive warning and prevention and control of operational risks. The management mode of integrated management and control is “clear hierarchy, effective air separation, effective control in place, quick early warning and simple handling”. Water, electricity, gas and steam of the power system are realized as part of the internal quality and process control of the cigarette brand, and all the control is pushed to the power supply terminal.
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Hoell, Andrew, Britt-Anne Parker, Michael Downey, Natalie Umphlett, Kelsey Jencso, F. Adnan Akyuz, Dannele Peck, et al. "Lessons Learned from the 2017 Flash Drought across the U.S. Northern Great Plains and Canadian Prairies." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 101, no. 12 (December 2020): E2171—E2185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-19-0272.1.

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AbstractThe 2017 flash drought arrived without early warning and devastated the U.S. northern Great Plains region comprising Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota and the adjacent Canadian Prairies. The drought led to agricultural production losses exceeding $2.6 billion in the United States, widespread wildfires, poor air quality, damaged ecosystems, and degraded mental health. These effects motivated a multiagency collaboration among academic, tribal, state, and federal partners to evaluate drought early warning systems, coordination efforts, communication, and management practices with the goal of improving resilience and response to future droughts. This essay provides an overview on the causes, predictability, and historical context of the drought, the impacts of the drought, opportunities for drought early warning, and an inventory of lessons learned. Key lessons learned include the following: 1) building partnerships during nondrought periods helps ensure that proper relationships are in place for a coordinated and effective drought response; 2) drought information providers must improve their understanding of the annual decision cycles of all relevant sectors, including, and beyond, direct impacts in agricultural sectors; and 3) ongoing monitoring of environmental conditions is vital to drought early warning, given that seasonal forecasts lack skill over the northern Great Plains.
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Gehlot, Anita, Rajesh Singh, Rohit Samkaria, Sushabhan Choudhary, Aisik De, and Kamlesh . "Air quality and water quality monitoring using XBee and internet of things." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.6 (March 11, 2018): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.6.10061.

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There are numbers of disadvantage in the current existing systems for water quality monitoring which are generally limited to only a few varieties of parameter provide when there and need to be sending through manual operation. This type of security systems required a device which could send alert signal to the sub – stations and is very time consuming process. The quick warning or alert is not possible in the current existing system because they need some manual operation to be performed which could send the data and this cause a huge casualty because sometimes if the area is not in taken care of then it may cause huge causality to human as well as marine habitats. For such condi-tions a system required which automatically reads the sensor values (parameters) compares them with the threshold of fresh air and water parameters and if this level is above the threshold then automatically send alert with the pin point location to the sub – stations.
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Wang, Wenqi, Yuhong Sun, and Jing Wu. "Environmental Warning System Based on the DPSIR Model: A Practical and Concise Method for Environmental Assessment." Sustainability 10, no. 6 (May 25, 2018): 1728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10061728.

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Though we are in urgent need of environmental warnings to slow environmental deterioration, currently, there is no internationally concise method for environmental warnings. In addition, the existing approaches do not combine the three aspects of ecology, resources, and environment. At the same time, the three elements of the environment (air, water, and soil) are separated in most environmental warning systems. Thus, the method this paper gives is an innovative attempt and aims to make environmental assessment more practical. This paper establishes the index system of an environmental early warning based on the Driving–Pressure–State–Influence–Response (DPSIR) model. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used to determine the weights. Next, single and integrated index methods further assess the environmental warning state, in which the weighted summation method is used to summarize the data and results. The case of Tianjin is used to confirm the applicability of this method. In conclusion, the method in this paper is more well-behaved and, therefore, more suitable to assist cities in their environmental assessment.
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Olivares, Lucio, Emilia Damiano, Nadia Netti, and Martina de Cristofaro. "Geotechnical Properties of Two Pyroclastic Deposits Involved in Catastrophic Flowslides for Implementation in Early Warning Systems." Geosciences 9, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9010024.

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Air-fall pyroclastic deposits on steep slopes in Campania (Southern Italy) are periodically subjected to rainfall-induced landslides that may evolve into catastrophic flowslides. To protect built-up areas, early warning systems (EWSs) have been implemented which are essentially based on pluviometric thresholds or models unable to accurately monitor the physical phenomena responsible for flowslide generation in pyroclastic deposits. Over the last 20 years, landslides with no evolution in flows occurred in this area and the alarms generated by existing EWSs in the cases of rainfall were both false and highly costly, thus eroding public trust in EWSs. To improve existing EWSs, two complex models for pyroclastic soils (Cervinara and Sarno) are proposed in this paper. These two models allow correct simulation of the physical processes, such as saturation increase due to rainwater infiltration and mechanical degradation as far as undrained instability, which govern postfailure evolution. The paper concludes with the presentation of a framework proposal to be used in defining a soil database, as well as a framework for flowslide generation forecast to be used for implementation within EWSs.
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Mucha, Bohdan, Iryna Bulavenko, and Oksana Rodych. "Air temperature in Southern Roztochia." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 49 (December 30, 2015): 239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2015.49.8637.

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The demonstration and analysis of the monthly and annual average air temperatures in Southern Roztochia for last 46 years are proposed. The meteorological data of the Roztochia landscapegeophysical station (RLGS) of Ivan Franko National University of Lviv have served as the starting material for this publication. The long-term value of the average air temperature in RLGS has been defined. The average temperature warming by 2 °C has occurred from 1970 to 2000 and the amplitude of fluctuations of average temperatures has increased since 2000. The fact of a gradual warming trend in the region Roztochia and the adjacent Small Polissia was confirmed as an attribute of the consequences of global warming and drainage reclamation during the XX century. The graphs for annual average, maximum and minimum air temperatures for last 46 years were concluded for the duration of 5 years at the seasons. The coldest period of research is the years 1969–1989 and the warmest ones are the years since 2000 and especially 2015. The parameters of extreme warming in 2015 were fixed in agriculture and water management. We are warning about the possibility of aridization of the territory as a result of the trend of warming. The ways of preventing of regional warming due to reducing the activity of drainage reclamation systems, conservation of forest and meadow vegetation are suggested. Key words: average air temperature, regional warming, extreme air temperature, Southern Roztochia.
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Reis, Erlei Melo, Olavo Roberto Sônego, and Cristiano de Sales Mendes. "Application and validation of a warning system for grapevine downy mildew controlusing fungicides." Summa Phytopathologica 39, no. 1 (March 2013): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-54052013000100002.

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Most warning systems for plant disease control are based on Vinho, in Bento Gonçalves - RS, during the growing seasons 2000/ weather models dependent on the relationships between leaf wetness 01, 2002/03 and 2003/2004, using the grape cultivar Isabel. The duration and mean air temperature in this period considering the conventional system used by local growers was compared with the target disease intensity. For the development of a warning system to new warning system by using different cumulative daily disease severity control grapevine downy mildew, the equation generated by Lalancette values (CDDSV) as the criterion to schedule fungicide application and et al. (7) was used. This equation was employed to elaborate a critical reapplication. In experiments conducted in 2003/04, CDDSV of 12 - period table and program a computerized device, which records, though 14 showed promising to schedule the first spraying and the interval electronic sensors, leaf wetness duration, mean temperature in this between fungicide applications, reducing by 37.5% the number of period and automatically calculates the daily value of probability of applications and maintaining the same control efficiency in leaves infection occurrence. The system was validated at Embrapa Uva e and bunches, similarly to the conventional system.
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Schwarz, Lara, Kristen Hansen, Anna Alari, Sindana D. Ilango, Nelson Bernal, Rupa Basu, Alexander Gershunov, and Tarik Benmarhnia. "Spatial variation in the joint effect of extreme heat events and ozone on respiratory hospitalizations in California." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 22 (May 24, 2021): e2023078118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2023078118.

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Extreme heat and ozone are co-occurring exposures that independently and synergistically increase the risk of respiratory disease. To our knowledge, no joint warning systems consider both risks; understanding their interactive effect can warrant use of comprehensive warning systems to reduce their burden. We examined heterogeneity in joint effects (on the additive scale) between heat and ozone at small geographical scales. A within-community matched design with a Bayesian hierarchical model was applied to study this association at the zip code level. Spatially varying relative risks due to interaction (RERI) were quantified to consider joint effects. Determinants of the spatial variability of effects were assessed using a random effects metaregression to consider the role of demographic/neighborhood characteristics that are known effect modifiers. A total of 817,354 unscheduled respiratory hospitalizations occurred in California from 2004 to 2013 in the May to September period. RERIs revealed no additive interaction when considering overall joint effects. However, when considering the zip code level, certain areas observed strong joint effects. A lower median income, higher percentage of unemployed residents, and exposure to other air pollutants within a zip code drove stronger joint effects; a higher percentage of commuters who walk/bicycle, a marker for neighborhood wealth, showed decreased effects. Results indicate the importance of going beyond average measures to consider spatial variation in the health burden of these exposures and predictors of joint effects. This information can be used to inform early warning systems that consider both heat and ozone to protect populations from these deleterious effects in identified areas.
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González, Ernesto, Juan Casanova-Chafer, Alfonso Romero, Xavier Vilanova, Jan Mitrovics, and Eduard Llobet. "LoRa Sensor Network Development for Air Quality Monitoring or Detecting Gas Leakage Events." Sensors 20, no. 21 (October 31, 2020): 6225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216225.

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During the few last years, indoor and outdoor Air Quality Monitoring (AQM) has gained a lot of interest among the scientific community due to its direct relation with human health. The Internet of Things (IoT) and, especially, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have given rise to the development of wireless AQM portable systems. This paper presents the development of a LoRa (short for long-range) based sensor network for AQM and gas leakage events detection. The combination of both a commercial gas sensor and a resistance measurement channel for graphene chemoresistive sensors allows both the calculation of an Air Quality Index based on the concentration of reducing species such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and CO, and it also makes possible the detection of NO2, which is an important air pollutant. The graphene sensor tested with the LoRa nodes developed allows the detection of NO2 pollution in just 5 min as well as enables monitoring sudden changes in the background level of this pollutant in the atmosphere. The capability of the system of detecting both reducing and oxidizing pollutant agents, alongside its low-cost, low-power, and real-time monitoring features, makes this a solution suitable to be used in wireless AQM and early warning systems.
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Zhang, Chengxiang, Hongcui Pei, Yifei Jia, Yeliang Bi, and Guangchun Lei. "Effects of air quality and vegetation on algal bloom early warning systems in large lakes in the middle–lower Yangtze River basin." Environmental Pollution 285 (September 2021): 117455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117455.

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Metz, Isabel, Joost Ellerbroek, Thorsten Mühlhausen, Dirk Kügler, Stefan Kern, and Jacco Hoekstra. "The Efficacy of Operational Bird Strike Prevention." Aerospace 8, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8010017.

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Involving air traffic controllers and pilots into the bird strike prevention process is considered an essential step to increase aviation and avian safety. Prior to implementing operational measures such as real-time warning systems, it is vital to evaluate their feasibility. This paper studies the efficacy of a bird strike advisory system for air traffic control. In addition to the potential safety benefit, the possible impact on airport operations is analyzed. To this end, a previously developed collision avoidance algorithm underlying the system was tested in fast-time Monte Carlo simulations involving various air traffic and bird densities to obtain representative conclusions for different operational conditions. The results demonstrate the strong safety potential of operational bird strike prevention in case of precise bird movement prediction. Unless airports operate close to their capacity limits while bird abundance is high, the induced delays remain tolerable. Prioritization of hazardous strikes involving large individuals as well as flocks of birds are expected to support operational feasibility in all conditions.
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Archer, Clive. "The United States Defence Areas in Greenland." Cooperation and Conflict 23, no. 3 (September 1988): 123–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001083678802300302.

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Archer, C. The United States Defence Areas in Greenland. Cooperation and Conflict, XXIII, 1988, 123-144. An examination of the US military presence in Greenland shows how it has developed in tandem with wider US strategy. After the Second World War bases were used by Strategic Air Command and later for early warning systems. The US presence has had consequences for the host nations, Denmark and Greenland, in its effect on the local populations, in its intrusion into host state politics and by the association with the defence policies of the USA. The 1980s have brought a questioning of the US defence areas in Greenland by Greenlandic and Danish politicians.
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Biondi, Riccardo, and Stefano Corradini. "Editorial for Special Issue “Convective and Volcanic Clouds (CVC)”." Remote Sensing 12, no. 13 (June 29, 2020): 2080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12132080.

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In recent years, some volcanic eruptions have focused scientists’ attention on the detection and monitoring of volcanic clouds, as their impact on the air traffic control system has been unprecedented. In 2010, the Eyjafjallajökull eruption forced the disruption of the airspace of several countries, generating one of the largest air traffic shutdowns ever. Extreme convective events cause many deaths and injuries, and much damage to property every year, accounting for major economic damages related to natural disasters in several countries. Due to global warming, Atlantic tropical cyclones have increased their maximum intensity, hurricanes have more often become extratropical cyclones affecting northern Europe, and southeastern Europe is characterized by increasing annual stormy days. Convective and Volcanic Clouds (CVC) are very dangerous for aviation operations, as they can affect aircraft safety and economic, political, and cultural activities. The detection, nowcasting, and monitoring of CVC is therefore vital for organizing efficient early warning systems.
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Kang, Daiwen, Rohit Mathur, Kenneth Schere, Shaocai Yu, and Brian Eder. "New Categorical Metrics for Air Quality Model Evaluation." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 46, no. 4 (April 1, 2007): 549–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jam2479.1.

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Abstract Traditional categorical metrics used in model evaluations are “clear cut” measures in that the model’s ability to predict an “exceedance” is defined by a fixed threshold concentration and the metrics are defined by observation–forecast sets that are paired both in space and time. These metrics are informative but limited in evaluating the performance of air quality forecast (AQF) systems because AQF generally examines exceedances on a regional scale rather than a single monitor. New categorical metrics—the weighted success index (WSI), area hit (aH), and area false-alarm ratio (aFAR)—are developed. In the calculation of WSI, credits are given to the observation–forecast pairs within the observed exceedance region (missed forecast) or the forecast exceedance region (false alarm), depending on the distance of the points from the central line (perfect observation–forecast match line or 1:1 line on scatterplot). The aH and aFAR are defined by matching observed and forecast exceedances within an area (i.e., model grid cells) surrounding the observation location. The concept of aH and aFAR resembles the manner in which forecasts are usually issued. In practice, a warning is issued for a region of interest, such as a metropolitan area, if an exceedance is forecast to occur anywhere within the region. The application of these new categorical metrics, which are supplemental to the traditional counterparts (critical success index, hit rate, and false-alarm ratio), to the Eta Model–Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) forecast system has demonstrated further insight into evaluating the forecasting capability of the system (e.g., the new metrics can provide information about how the AQF system captures the spatial variations of pollutant concentrations).
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LINGVAY, Iosif, Victorin Emilian TOADER, Ovidiu CIOGESCU, Adriana BORȘ, and Andrei MIHAI. "Complex System for Earthquake Prediction, Warning and Local Assessment of Seismic Events." Electrotehnica, Electronica, Automatica 69, no. 1 (February 15, 2021): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.46904/eea.21.69.1.1108011.

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A complex system for zonal earthquake prediction, warning, and local assessment of seismic events has been designed, performed, implemented, and experimented/validated. The system was designed to ensure simultaneously: the reception of warning signals following earthquakes with the epicentre on a radius of 1000 km; acquisition of local precursor data for a possible prediction of seismic events with the epicentre in the perimeter of the targeted locality and/or improvement of the database in the field of Earth physics purchased and processed centrally at the national seismic dispatcher; acquisition of data on the intensity of local seismic movements, based on which, when a predetermined threshold considered dangerous is exceeded, a real-time action order is issued for the protection of high-risk equipment and installations in operation. The realized system is structured on the national seismic dispatcher DSN (with the role of seismic data acquisition from the territory) connected by a bidirectional communication system with a local dispatcher DL which is provided with a system for acquiring and storing local seismic data (vibration detector 3D and temperature transducer mounted in a 40 m deep drilled well, radon detector and associated parameters: temperature, pressure, and humidity of the air mounted at the mouth of the drilled well). The implemented system is able, through the specialized software implemented, to take over the warning signals received from the national seismic dispatcher, to process the locally acquired data, and after the local validation of the seismic event to issue real-time action command (when exceeding values of pre-established major risk threshold) of the protections of high-risk installations in operation in the targeted perimeter. The experimentation/validation of the system, of the interconnection networks, and of the specialized software of the implemented application was done both by continuously recording the local seismic parameters, verifying the communication between DSN and DL, and by taking two warnings regarding seismic events produced (on 30.10.2020  Mw = 7, Greece and on 22.10.2020, at 20:22 hours, ML = 4 R, Vrancea, RO). By processing the data recorded during these events, the speeds of seismic waves in the respective directions were calculated. Thus, for the event of 30.10.2020 Greece, a speed of seismic waves of 7,418 km/second was determined and for the event from 22.10.2020 Vrancea, at 20:22 hours, it was calculated that the secondary waves are moving with 12,686 km/second and the surface seismic waves with 5,063 km/second. Following the analysis/comparison of acceleration intensities with the pre-set threshold level recorded locally for potentially dangerous events, it was found that these events were felt in Râmnicu Vâlcea at a level below the pre-set danger threshold and consequently, the specialized software of the application did not generate a control signal for actuating the protection of high-risk equipment in operation.
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Balicki, Włodzimierz, Paweł Glowacki, and Leszek Loroch. "Birds Strike – Impact on the Safety of Civil Aircraft Operations in Poland in 2008–2018." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 15, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ama-2021-0014.

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Abstract The authors assessed the real threat to civil aircraft traffic in Poland resulting from bird strikes. It was found that in the period 2013–2018, the probability of such events increased by four times. Data for this work were downloaded from the ECCAIRS database maintained by the Civil Aviation Authority. Air traffic events have been collected for several years in this database. An assessment of the energy of bird collision with the aircraft, resulting from the bird’s mass and relative speed of movement, was also presented. Ways to minimise the risk of collision were described by introducing crew warning systems and means to scare off birds from the airport grounds. The method of testing the resistance of turbine engines to the foreign body’s absorption was also shown, as well as design methods for increasing the engine resistance to bird strikes.
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Wu, Fan, Lingen Luo, Hui Song, Gehao Sheng, and Xiuchen Jiang. "Fault early warning in air-insulated substations by RSSI-based angle of arrival estimation and monopole UHF wireless sensor array." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 14, no. 12 (June 19, 2020): 2345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2019.0813.

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Wolfman, G. Jonathan, Douglas L. Miller, and Alton J. Volanth. "An Application of Auditory Alarm Research in the Design of Warning Sounds for an Integrated Tower Air Traffic Control Computer System." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 40, no. 19 (October 1996): 1002–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129604001910.

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Auditory alarms are often determined by different manufacturers in isolation without any guidelines or standards. The result is an environment filled with inconsistent, confusing, meaningless, and often annoying alarm sounds. Such factors have been considered in the design of a Tower Air Traffic Control computer system (referred to as TCCC) currently under contract with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), which will serve to integrate and standardize the various systems in the tower. One of the many benefits of this new automation will be that the warning sounds in use today will be replaced with standard, ergonomically designed alarm sounds. This paper follows the process the authors used in constructing TCCC auditory alarms, combining a detailed analysis of the common problems associated with auditory alarms with a review of alarm construction theories and standards. The results of this process, the proposed TCCC auditory alarm attributes, are then presented.
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Eka Putra, I. Wayan Krisna. "SEBARAN TINGKAT KAPASITAS WILAYAH PESISIR BAGIAN BARAT KABUPATEN BULELENG TERHADAP ANCAMAN PENINGKATAN MUKA AIR LAUT." Media Komunikasi Geografi 19, no. 2 (February 5, 2019): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/mkg.v19i2.14011.

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This study aims to describe the distribution of the capacity level the coastal area of west Buleleng Regency from the threat of sea level rise and to know the ratio of the capacity level. The subjects in this study are village officials and staff BPBD Buleleng Regency, while the object of the research is level of capacity. The phenomenon described in this research is distribution of capacity level of coastal area in west Buleleng Regency. Stages conducted in this study consisted of data collection, weighting, determining the level of capacity until finally mapping the level of capacity. data analysis technique that used is qualitative descriptive analysis combined with spatial comparative analysis based on Geographic Information System (GIS) which is aimed to analyze comparison of capacity level among villages in coastal area. The results show that the distribution of the capacity of all coastal areas in west Buleleng Regency is the medium category. Assessments of capacity level indicate a lack of capacity indicators for several villages, particularly on the availability of threat maps and early warning systems. Therefore it is necessary to socialize the document of disaster study which has been made by BPBD of Buleleng Regency.
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Li, Yaohui, Xing Yuan, Hongsheng Zhang, Runyuan Wang, Chenghai Wang, Xianhong Meng, Zhiqiang Zhang, et al. "Mechanisms and Early Warning of Drought Disasters: Experimental Drought Meteorology Research over China." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 100, no. 4 (April 1, 2019): 673–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-17-0029.1.

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Abstract A major experimental drought research project entitled “Mechanisms and Early Warning of Drought Disasters over Northern China” (DroughtEX_China) was launched by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China in 2015. The objective of DroughtEX_China is to investigate drought disaster mechanisms and provide early-warning information via multisource observations and multiscale modeling. Since the implementation of DroughtEX_China, a comprehensive V-shape in situ observation network has been established to integrate different observational experiment systems for different landscapes, including crops in northern China. In this article, we introduce the experimental area, observational network configuration, ground- and air-based observing/testing facilities, implementation scheme, and data management procedures and sharing policy. The preliminary observational and numerical experimental results show that the following are important processes for understanding and modeling drought disasters over arid and semiarid regions: 1) the soil water vapor–heat interactions that affect surface soil moisture variability, 2) the effect of intermittent turbulence on boundary layer energy exchange, 3) the drought–albedo feedback, and 4) the transition from stomatal to nonstomatal control of plant photosynthesis with increasing drought severity. A prototype of a drought monitoring and forecasting system developed from coupled hydroclimate prediction models and an integrated multisource drought information platform is also briefly introduced. DroughtEX_China lasted for four years (i.e., 2015–18) and its implementation now provides regional drought monitoring and forecasting, risk assessment information, and a multisource data-sharing platform for drought adaptation over northern China, contributing to the global drought information system (GDIS).
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Otkin, Jason A., Martha C. Anderson, Christopher Hain, Iliana E. Mladenova, Jeffrey B. Basara, and Mark Svoboda. "Examining Rapid Onset Drought Development Using the Thermal Infrared–Based Evaporative Stress Index." Journal of Hydrometeorology 14, no. 4 (August 1, 2013): 1057–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-12-0144.1.

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Abstract Reliable indicators of rapid drought onset can help to improve the effectiveness of drought early warning systems. In this study, the evaporative stress index (ESI), which uses remotely sensed thermal infrared imagery to estimate evapotranspiration (ET), is compared to drought classifications in the U.S. Drought Monitor (USDM) and standard precipitation-based drought indicators for several cases of rapid drought development that have occurred across the United States in recent years. Analysis of meteorological time series from the North American Regional Reanalysis indicates that these events are typically characterized by warm air temperature and low cloud cover anomalies, often with high winds and dewpoint depressions that serve to hasten evaporative depletion of soil moisture reserves. Standardized change anomalies depicting the rate at which various multiweek ESI composites changed over different time intervals are computed to more easily identify areas experiencing rapid changes in ET. Overall, the results demonstrate that ESI change anomalies can provide early warning of incipient drought impacts on agricultural systems, as indicated in crop condition reports collected by the National Agricultural Statistics Service. In each case examined, large negative change anomalies indicative of rapidly drying conditions were either coincident with the introduction of drought in the USDM or lead the USDM drought depiction by several weeks, depending on which ESI composite and time-differencing interval was used. Incorporation of the ESI as a data layer used in the construction of the USDM may improve timely depictions of moisture conditions and vegetation stress associated with flash drought events.
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Badriana, Mochamad Riam, and Han Soo Lee. "EVALUATION AND BIAS CORRECTION OF MARINE SURFACE WINDS IN THE WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC FROM CMIP5 AND CMIP6 GCMS FOR WAVE CLIMATE MODELLING." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36v (December 28, 2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36v.waves.35.

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For over years, fundamental component and dataset in climate projection had been covered by general circulation models (GCMs) output mainly from the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP). Marine surface winds are an important output of GCMs and they provide input to marine forecasts and warning systems. Their accuracy have direct implications for marine safety, air-sea fluxes, and wave and ocean modellings. Western North Pacific (WNP) is known as a highly vulnerable region to oceanic and atmospheric hazards, such as storm surges, waves and typhoons. Therefore, this study aims to examine the quality of marine surface winds from CMIP5 and CMIP6 GCMs in the WNP and its sub-regions with respect to a reference data, and presents bias correction of marine surface winds for contributing to wave and ocean modelling communities.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/750mqrERbS8
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Hryshchenko, Yurii, Maksym Zaliskyi, Svitlana Pavlova, Oleksandr Solomentsev, and Tatiana Fursenko. "Data Processing in the Pilot Training Process on the Integrated Aircraft Simulator." Electrical, Control and Communication Engineering 17, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ecce-2021-0008.

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Abstract Flight safety is an integral part of air transportation. Flight accidents are highly unlikely to appear but most of them are caused by the human factor. The aircrew training system for abnormal operations relies on integrated aircraft simulator-based exercises. Crew needs to be trained not to degrade piloting technique quality when facing increased psychophysiological tension. Therefore, methods evaluating the characteristics of ergatic aircraft control systems, warning systems for deterioration due to failures in avionics systems, piloting technique quality, and abnormal operation algorithms are necessary. An analysis of the bank angle has revealed that there are hidden increased tension manifestations in the human operator expressed in the transition of the flight parameter variation from a stationary random process to deterministic fluctuations in the form of a sinusoid. The goal of the research is to increase the efficiency of pilots’ training using integrated aircraft simulators based on the design and implementation of statistical data processing algorithms. To achieve the goal of the research, two algorithms for detecting deterministic fluctuations based on the Neyman-Pearson criterion and the optimal Bayesian criterion are developed. The presented algorithms can be used in the integrated simulator software to automate the decision-making process on piloting quality.
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Wu, Luo, Jia, Sun, Sheng, and Jiang. "RSSI-Power-Based Direction of Arrival Estimation of Partial Discharges in Substations." Energies 12, no. 18 (September 6, 2019): 3450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12183450.

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The localization of partial discharges in air-insulated substations using ultra-high frequency technology is widely studied for power equipment early warning purposes. Ultra-high frequency partial discharge localization systems are usually based on the time-difference of electromagnetic wave signals. However, the large size of test equipment and the need for a high sampling rate and time synchronization accuracy limit their practical application. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a power-based partial discharge direction of arrival method using a received signal strength indicator from an ultra-high frequency wireless sensor array. Furthermore, the Gaussian mixture model is used for noise suppression, and the Gaussian process classifier is used for line of sight received signal strength indicator data identification. Laboratory tests are performed and the results show the average error of direction of arrival is less than 5°. The results verify the effectiveness of the proposed partial discharge localization system.
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Bęczkowski, Grzegorz, Jarosław Krzonkalla, Maj Mordzonek, Stanisław Rymaszewski, and Franciszek Zgrzywa. "Flight Parameter Display System For The Mi-17 Helicopter – Test Results." Research Works of Air Force Institute of Technology 36, no. 1 (August 1, 2015): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afit-2015-0014.

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AbstractThis article presents flight tests of a newly developed Helmet-Mounted Flight Parameters Display System (SWPL). Presented system is designed to illustrate full piloting and navigational information, warning about emergency on the helicopter’s board and signaling on-board helicopter systems failures on the translucent display. The system is designed to work in day and night time conditions. In night time conditions, the system cooperates with night vision goggles applicable in Polish Air Force. The article presents the main components of the tested system, along with their purpose and function. It also describes in detail the methods of display implemented in the system and the amount of displayed information. The article discusses the required range and the actual course of the flight tests of that system. Tests were conducted on a Mi-17-1V helicopter. The results of the flight tests of the Helmet-Mounted Display System are given in conclusion, in particular regarding meeting the tactical and technical requirements of the system.
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Markova, E. V., A. M. Al-Darabseh, I. E. Daba’bneh, A. R. Ahmed, and B. T. Arazveliev. "DEVELOP AN INTEGRATED TECHNICAL SITUATION CONTROL SYSTEM TO CONTROL HIGH QUALITY HELICOPTERS BASED ON FIBER OPTIC TECHNOLOGY." Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences 23, no. 1 (2021): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37313/1990-5378-2021-23-1-21-27.

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This article draws attention to the difficulties in developing an integrated approach, especially the evaluation and evaluation of the main helicopter technology. Fiber optic technology is a technology that allows you to create a unified system. This allows the measurement of various physical parameters such as vibration, distortion, temperature, volume and other parameters, given the magnitude of optical fiber science. RMB can be integrated into production, which is an important factor in the amount of RMB related to the design and manufacture of helicopters. The test results, the test bench, and the rotor of the helicopter and light using optical fiber transmission in the Prague fiber optic filter emphasize the importance of developing technology to track the helicopter's use of optical fiber. Other embodiments of the use of optical transmission systems that use fiber-optic technology, such as cable warning of explosives and helicopter damage as well as system weight and transitions. The conduction system monitors air technology.
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Barbosa Da Silva, Luciano André, Otavio Chase, Glauber Tadaiesky Marques, José Felipe Souza de Almeida, and Milena Marília Nogueira de Andrade. "Cost-Effective Platform for Particulate Matter Rapid Monitoring." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 8, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 156–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol8.iss1.2147.

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Particles in the air with volume ≤ 2.5 μm3 have been classified as carcinogenic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Therefore, rapid monitoring systems are crucial to obtain information about particulate matter (PM) concentrations and make this information publicly available. Supported by WHO criteria, this text focuses on the development of a field-portable cost-effective platform for rapid monitoring, data acquisition of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) and measurements of environmental variables (relative air humidity and temperature) at the micrometeorological level, in addition to providing access via the Internet of Thing (IoT). The platform was tested, as well as validating its results when compared to those made available at the National Meteorology Institute-INMET (Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia). Based on this technology, tests and measurements have been performed in the local presence of the population and vehicle traffic, in order to identify the concentrations of PM in public places. Between the results obtained, the device recorded higher temperature and low humidity, at 12 noon, and the average hourly reached 175.3 µg/m3 (PM10) and 164.2 µg/m3 (PM2.5), which means a warning sign. This computational platform would be useful for cost-effective and rapid quantification of PM density even in field and resource-poor settings.
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Safari, Moch Ibnu, Listina Nadhia Ningsih, and Muhammad Husni Farid. "PENDETEKSI KEBOCORAN TABUNG LPG MELALUI SMS GATEWAY MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR MQ-6 BERBASIS ARDUINO PADA PT BANGUN INTI GEMILANG." Journal CERITA 2, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33050/cerita.v2i1.545.

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The increasing level of population, making the level of consumption on natural resources is also increasing. In the case of this increase occurred in the use of fuels LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas). With the LPG fuel is increasing, allowing the occurrence of fires caused by leakage of LPG gas. However, not all providers of LPG gas cylinders provide additional safety systems on LPG they sell. So it takes a LPG gas leak detectors and systems that can perform countermeasures in case of leakage of LPG cylinders. For that made the tool pendekteksi leakage of LPG gas by using a system of notification SMS by using SIM900a, Sensor MQ-6 that can detect gas LPG and DC motor to drive the exhaust to neutralize the air when leakage of LPG gas, so as to provide a warning if the owner of LPG cylinders being are outside the house. All the components are controlled using Arduino Uno. This tool has the advantage of being easy to use and compatible with all communication devices based on SMS. And this tool can be developed using the Internet-based notfikasi.
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48

Krug, Alexander, Daniel Fenner, Hans-Guido Mücke, and Dieter Scherer. "The contribution of air temperature and ozone to mortality rates during hot weather episodes in eight German cities during the years 2000 and 2017." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 11 (November 16, 2020): 3083–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-3083-2020.

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Abstract. Hot weather episodes are globally associated with excess mortality rates. Elevated ozone concentrations occurring simultaneously also contribute to excess mortality rates during these episodes. However, the relative importance of both stressors for excess mortality rates is not yet known and assumed to vary from region to region. This study analyzes time series of daily observational data of air temperature and ozone concentrations for eight of the largest German cities during the years 2000 and 2017 with respect to the relative importance of both stressors for excess mortality rates in each city. By using an event-based risk approach, various thresholds for air temperature were explored for each city to detect hot weather episodes that are statistically associated with excess mortality rates. Multiple linear regressions were then calculated to investigate the relative contribution of variations in air temperature and ozone concentrations to the explained variance in mortality rates during these episodes, including the interaction of both predictors. In all cities hot weather episodes were detected that are related to excess mortality rates. Across the cities, a strong increase of this relation was observed around the 95th percentile of each city-specific air temperature distribution. Elevated ozone concentrations during hot weather episodes are also related to excess mortality rates in all cities. In general, the relative contribution of elevated ozone concentrations on mortality rates declines with increasing air temperature thresholds and occurs mainly as a statistically inseparable part of the air temperature impact. The specific strength of the impact of both stressors varies across the investigated cities. City-specific drivers such as background climate and vulnerability of the city population might lead to these differences and could be the subject of further research. These results underline strong regional differences in the importance of both stressors during hot weather episodes and could thus help in the development of city-specific heat–ozone–health warning systems to account for city-specific features.
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49

Phetpradap, Parkpoom. "A Fuzzy Soft Model for Haze Pollution Management in Northern Thailand." Advances in Fuzzy Systems 2020 (March 11, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6968705.

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In this article, we propose fuzzy soft models for decision making in the haze pollution management. The main aims of this research are (i) to provide a haze warning system based on real-time atmospheric data and (ii) to identify the most hazardous location of the study area. PM10 is used as the severity index of the problem. The efficiency of the model is justified by the prediction accuracy ratio based on the real data from 1st January 2016 to 31st May 2016. The fuzzy soft theory is modified in order to make models more suitable for the problems. The results show that our fuzzy models improve the prediction accuracy ratio compared to the prediction based on PM10 density only. This work illustrates a fuzzy analysis that has the capability to simulate the unknown relations between a set of atmospheric and environmental parameters. The study area covers eight provinces in the northern region of Thailand, where the problem severely occurs every year during the dry season. Seven principle parameters are considered in the model, which are PM10 density, air pressure, relative humidity, wind speed, rainfall, temperature, and topography.
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50

Shankar, M. R., A. C. Niranjanappa, and B. Dattaguru. "Aerodynamic and Structural Optimisation of Maritime Patrol Radar System Radome using Evolutionary Algorithms." Defence Science Journal 71, no. 4 (July 1, 2021): 421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.71.16249.

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Airborne early warning systems are deployed for collecting surveillance information on airborne enemy targets in real-time. The Maritime Patrol Radar system is used for surveillance of sea surface for various types of ships and low flying aircraft. Radio Detection And Ranging system, or RADAR, in short, is an Electromagnetic sensor integrated on such airborne platforms. An antenna of this radar system is generally mounted under the belly of the aircraft and protected by a cover called a radome. This radome is installed to protect the radar antenna from environmental disturbances. Due to the installation of the radome, increased drag is experienced by aircraft during its flight due to resistance to the flow of the oncoming air. Radome design is a multidisciplinary effort involving structural, aerodynamics, and electromagnetic disciplines. In this study, the multi-disciplinary design of the maritime patrol aircraft radome for optimality in terms of structural strength and aerodynamic performance is carried out by integrating both disciplinary analyses on an optimisation software platform. The utopia point in terms of these two disciplines is found.
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