Relevant bibliographies by topics / Air sound transmission

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Air sound transmission'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Air sound transmission"

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Malcoci, Iulian. "Sound Reasearch in Precessional Transmission." Applied Mechanics and Materials 657 (October 2014): 584–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.657.584.

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Sound may be defined as any pressure variation (in air, water or other medium) that the human ear can detect. Just like dominoes, a wave motion is set off when an element sets the nearest particle of air into motion. This motion gradually spreads to adjacent air particles further away from the source. Depending on the medium, sound propagates at different speeds. In air, sound propagates at a speed of approximately 340 m/s. In liquids and solids, the propagation velocity is greater 1500 m/s in water and 5000 m/s in steel [2].
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Mansy, Hansen A., Robert A. Balk, William H. Warren, Thomas J. Royston, Zoujun Dai, Ying Peng, and Richard H. Sandler. "Pneumothorax effects on pulmonary acoustic transmission." Journal of Applied Physiology 119, no. 3 (August 1, 2015): 250–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00148.2015.

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Pneumothorax (PTX) is an abnormal accumulation of air between the lung and the chest wall. It is a relatively common and potentially life-threatening condition encountered in patients who are critically ill or have experienced trauma. Auscultatory signs of PTX include decreased breath sounds during the physical examination. The objective of this exploratory study was to investigate the changes in sound transmission in the thorax due to PTX in humans. Nineteen human subjects who underwent video-assisted thoracic surgery, during which lung collapse is a normal part of the surgery, participated in the study. After subjects were intubated and mechanically ventilated, sounds were introduced into their airways via an endotracheal tube. Sounds were then measured over the chest surface before and after lung collapse. PTX caused small changes in acoustic transmission for frequencies below 400 Hz. A larger decrease in sound transmission was observed from 400 to 600 Hz, possibly due to the stronger acoustic transmission blocking of the pleural air. At frequencies above 1 kHz, the sound waves became weaker and so did their changes with PTX. The study elucidated some of the possible mechanisms of sound propagation changes with PTX. Sound transmission measurement was able to distinguish between baseline and PTX states in this small patient group. Future studies are needed to evaluate this technique in a wider population.
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Bohadana, A. B., and S. S. Kraman. "Transmission of sound generated by sternal percussion." Journal of Applied Physiology 66, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.66.1.273.

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We indirectly determined the transmission path of sound generated by sternal percussion in five healthy subjects. We percussed the sternum of each subject while recording the output audio signal at the posterior left and right upper and lower lung zones. Sound measurements were done during apnea at functional residual capacity, total lung capacity, and residual volume both with the lungs filled with air and with an 80% He-20% O2 (heliox) gas mixture. Three acoustic indexes were calculated from the output sound pulse: the peak-to-peak amplitude, the peak frequency, and the mid-power frequency. We found that the average values of all indexes tended to be greater in the upper than in the ipsilateral lower lung zones. In the upper zones, peak-to-peak amplitude was greater at total lung capacity and residual volume than at functional residual capacity. Replacing air with heliox did not change these results. These experiments, together with others performed during Mueller and Valsalva maneuvers, suggest that resonance of the chest cage is the predominant factor determining the transmission of sternal percussion sounds to the posterior chest wall. The transmission seems to be only minimally affected by the acoustic characteristics of the lung parenchyma.
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McDonald, B. Edward, and David Calvo. "Low frequency enhancement of water-to-air sound transmission." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 122, no. 5 (2007): 2952. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2942519.

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Yang, Yong, Binbin Li, Zhaofeng Chen, Ni Sui, Zhou Chen, Tengzhou Xu, Yufang Li, Renli Fu, and Yun Jing. "Sound insulation of multi-layer glass-fiber felts: Role of morphology." Textile Research Journal 87, no. 3 (July 21, 2016): 261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517516629142.

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Glass-fiber felts have emerged as a popular material for noise reduction. This paper investigates the effect of various morphologies (micro-layer, macro-layer and air-layer) of glass-fiber felts on sound insulation. The sound transmission loss is measured by a Brüel & Kjár (B&K) impedance tube. The results show that the sound insulation of glass-fiber felts can be improved by increasing the number of macro-layers. The comparison between the macro- and micro-layer of glass-fiber felts on sound insulation is systematically carried out. Notably, the sound transmission loss of glass-fiber felts with similar areal density and thickness favors macro-layer structures over micro-layer structures. A simple model is established to explain this phenomenon. In addition, the sound transmission loss exhibits period fluctuations due to the presence of the air-layer between glass-fiber felts, which can be theoretically explained by the resonance effect. It is found that sound transmission loss can be improved by increasing the number of air-layers.
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Hosseini-Toudeshky, H., M. R. Mofakhami, and R. Yarmohammadi. "Sound transmission between partitioned contiguous enclosures." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 223, no. 5 (February 4, 2009): 1091–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes1166.

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By increasing the application of lightweight constructions, sound transmission between the adjacent enclosures becomes a more important consideration in designing new buildings. In this article, the parameters that may significantly affect the sound transmission level through a partition between two adjacent enclosures are investigated, i.e. geometrical dimensions, arrangement of enclosures, boundary conditions, multi-layered partitions, and framed (or reinforced) conditions of the partitions. For this purpose, sound transmission is modelled using the finite-element method. The obtained results from sound transmission using Perspex party walls with different width and boundary conditions are compared with those obtained from a double-layered wall with an air layer. The effects of an enclosure's arrangements and dimensions on sound transmission of the party walls are also studied. Using the cross-framed party wall causes more noise reduction than the double-layered party wall. The results also show that sound transmission between rooms with an asymmetric arrangement is less than that obtained from a symmetric configuration.
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WHITTEMORE, KENNETH R., SAUMIL N. MERCHANT, and JOHN J. ROSOWSKI. "Acoustic Mechanisms." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 118, no. 6 (June 1998): 751–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(98)70264-5.

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The contribution of the middle ear air spaces to sound transmission through the middle ear in canal wall-up and canal wall-down mastoidectomy was studied in human temporal bones by measurements of middle ear input impedance and sound pressure difference across the tympanic membrane for the frequency range 50 Hz to 5 kHz. These measurements indicate that, relative to canal wall-up procedures, canal wall-down mastoidectomy results in a 1 to 5 dB decrease in middle ear sound transmission below 1 kHz, a 0 to 10 dB increase between 1 and 3 kHz, and no change above 3 kHz. These results are consistent with those reported by Gyo et al. (Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1986;112:1262-8), in which umbo displacement was used as a measure of sound transmission. A model analysis suggests that the reduction in sound transmission below 1 kHz can be explained by the smaller middle ear air space volume associated with the canal wall-down procedure. We conclude that as long as the middle ear air space is aerated and has a volume greater than 0.7 ml, canal wall-down mastoidectomy should generally cause less than 10 dB changes in middle ear sound transmission relative to the canal wall-up procedure. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;118:751-61.)
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McDonald, B. Edward, and David C. Calvo. "Enhanced sound transmission from water to air at low frequencies." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 122, no. 6 (December 2007): 3159–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2793709.

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PENG, ZhaoHui, and LingShan ZHANG. "Effects of rough interface on air-to-water sound transmission." SCIENTIA SINICA Physica, Mechanica & Astronomica 44, no. 9 (August 1, 2014): 896–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/sspma2013-00064.

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Bok, Eun, Haejin Choi, Jong J. Park, and Sam H. Lee. "Metasurfaces for perfect transmission of sound from air into water." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 140, no. 4 (October 2016): 3140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4969840.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Air sound transmission"

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Boyle, Susan Patricia. "A study of air-to-water sound transmission, with application to semi-closed circuit diver breathing apparatus." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241040.

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Craun, Matthew Ashby. "Identification of sound transmission paths within a hermetic reciprocating refrigeration compressor via multiple-input/single-output modeling." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09192009-040610/.

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Vališová, Šárka. "Vliv exostóz na přenos zvukových signálů lidským uchem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231487.

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Exostoses are surface periosteophyte inside the external auditory canal of the human ear. The main objective of the diploma thesis is to determine the potencial impact of the narrowing of external auditory canal by exostoses on the mechanical sound transmission into the internal ear. The task was solved by FEM modelling in the ANSYS system. The simple finite element 2D model of the normal human ear was used and it has been taken from the diploma thesis B Ouali: Development of 2D finite element model of human ear (BUT Brno, 2009). At the model, including the external ear canal, elastic eardrum, otitis cavity with otitis ossicles and the cavity of the internal ear with internal ear partition, the alterations simulating different size of narrowing a and different positionig of exostoses were done. The influence of the exostoses on the sound transfer characteristics for air sound transmission and for bone sound transmission was discused. The results were analysed and compared with audiology.
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Books on the topic "Air sound transmission"

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Rostafiński, Wojciech. Monograph on propagation of sound waves in curved ducts. Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1991.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Monograph on propagation of sound waves in curved ducts. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1991.

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Low speed, 2-D rotor/stator active noise control at the source demonstration: Under contract NAS3-26618. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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Davies, David. Medium in Art. Edited by Jerrold Levinson. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199279456.003.0009.

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In its most general sense, a medium is a means of transmitting some matter or content from a source to a site of reception. The function of a medium, so construed, is mediation. Natural media such as air and water mediate the transmission of sounds. An art medium, then, is presumably something that mediates the transmission of the content of an artwork to a receiver. Art media, so conceived, have been characterized in a number of different ways: as material or physical kinds (e.g. oil paint, bronze, stone, bodily movements); as ranges of sensible determinables realizable in material or physical kinds (e.g. pitch, tone, texture, colour); as ways of purposively realizing specific values of such determinables (e.g. brushstrokes, gestures), or as systems of signs (‘languages’ in a more or less strict sense).
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Book chapters on the topic "Air sound transmission"

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Epstein, Hugh. "An Audible World." In Hardy, Conrad and the Senses, 139–92. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474449861.003.0005.

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The chapter opens by contrasting the human capacities for audition as opposed to vision, and the qualities conveyed by sound as opposed to those by light. Despite the general acceptance of wave theory, from the nineteenth century through to today issues of auditory location, transmission and reception remain contested. The ‘auditory scene analysis’ conducted by the novels in this study sees/hears them as participating in this ontological and epistemological uncertainty. Both The Return of the Native and ‘Heart of Darkness’ powerfully evoke densely enveloping closed systems that are examined in terms of their circulating sounds, ‘acoustic pictures’ raised upon the air by sighs in Hardy and whispers in Conrad. Whilst the discussion of ‘Heart of Darkness’ shows that it is an individual voice, and particularly its ‘cry’, which provides a guiding thread for Marlow, when the chapter moves on to sound in Nostromo it is the ambient noise of a historically evolving modernity that carries the theme of the reach of ‘material interests’. Sounds, conceived as units of shock, provide the agitated fabric of this novel of jolts and collisions.
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Bates, Charlotte. "Genes and organs." In Vital Bodies, 45–56. Policy Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447335047.003.0005.

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The fourth chapter, Genes and organs examines how the interiors of our bodies structure and influence our exterior surfaces and identities and shape our daily lives, and how the inner workings of our bodies, the circulations of blood and the flows of air, affect and betray us. This chapter traces the transmission of conditions from their interior origins within the body to the outside world of everyday life and considers how the inner landscapes of the body are both visible and significant. Ami has asthma. She has learnt the warning signals of an asthma attack, from the wheezing sound originating from her chest, to the tight feeling in her shoulders, and the sudden pain in her teeth. She knows when to take her inhaler, and she also knows when to reach for the phone and call the emergency services. In moments like these, illness is transported from the safe and invisible interior of the body to the outside world.
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Mundy, Simon, and Esmée Schilte. "The Future of Broadcasting." In Key Issues in the Arts and Entertainment Industry. Goodfellow Publishers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23912/978-1-906884-20-8-1430.

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At the end of the last century, a dictionary could confidently define broadcasting as the transmission of a signal for television or radio. Within a decade, every element of that definition had changed. Transmission had branched out from the cumbersome business of placing masts bearing receivers and transmitters at the highest vantage points across the countryside. A signal was no longer confined to the band waves that the air could carry — invisible streams snaking their way across the landscape: Ultra High Frequency (UHF) carrying television, as long as the hills weren’t in the way; Very High Frequency (VHF or FM)carrying wonderful quality sound, as long as the same hills were not joined by chimneys, bodies, the wrong sort of cloud or stonework; Long Wave, unstoppable by anything except distance, it seemed,carrying cricket and the shipping forecast across Europe and far out to sea; Medium Wave(AM), the carrier of choice for hosts of daytime local music stations and great for listening in the car, but hopeless when night fell and the waves went bouncing around the ionosphere bringing martial music from Albania where the football commentary should have been; and Short Wave — the touchiest of the wave bands, that made catching the words as hard as catching fish, but finally gave national broadcasters a global reach.
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Newnham, Robert E. "Acoustic waves II." In Properties of Materials. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198520757.003.0026.

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Acoustic impedance, acoustic losses, acoustic waves in piezoelectric solids, and surface waves are discussed in this chapter, along with a number of nonlinear acoustic phenomena. The reflection and transmission of acoustic waves across a boundary is governed by acoustic impedance. One of the most important boundary value problems in acoustics concerns a plane wave incident upon a planar surface, dividing one medium from another. In the general case of an anisotropic medium, the incident beam consists of three waves (one quasilongitudinal, two quasitransverse), each traveling at a different velocity. Each of the three incident waves will be refracted and reflected at the boundary. If the second medium is also anisotropic, each incident wave will generate three reflected waves and three refracted waves, a total of 27 waves in all. Wave propagation in a polycrystalline solid where there are many grain boundaries becomes very complicated. The simpler case of a pure longitudinally-polarized wave at normal incidence to the boundary provides insight into the more general problem. In this case the reflection and transmission coefficients are governed by the relatively simple acoustic impedance parameter (ρc)1/2 = ρv, where ρ is the density, c the stiffness coefficient, and v the phase velocity. The reflection coefficient R at the interface between medium I and medium II is The MKS unit for acoustic impedance is the Rayl (=kg/m2 s). Atypical value for a solid is about 107 rayls. In many acoustic applications it is desirable to reduce reflection by matching the acoustic impedance of the two media. Lithium tantalate transducers are well-matched to iron, for example. Sound transmission from the transducer to the medium can be enhanced with composite materials or with graded coupling layers. Backing materials are often selected to promote reflection. In this case acoustic impedances are mismatched. Tungsten and air are two commonly used backing materials. In an isotropic material the acoustic impedance is (ρc11)1/2 for longitudinal waves and (ρc44)1/2 for shear waves. For anisotropic materials the wave velocities and acoustic impedance change with direction as indicated earlier.
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Heim, Michael. "Interactive Design : Tunnel or Spiral." In Virtual Realism. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195104264.003.0009.

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Interactivity pounds at the doors of all broadcast media. Newspapers publish daily reports about cyberspace, then invite readers to subscribe to their online news services. Television programs encourage on-air feedback via email. Movies and popular television shows maintain viewer newsgroups and offer World Wide Web sites with click-on audio and video. As the era of one-way messages fades, the tone of unilateral broadcasting sinks to the trashy low-end of media culture. Quality switches from the TV remote controls to the computer console. Programming ceases to be unilateral when interactivity arrives. Digital switching is, of course, under the hood of interactivity. The computer establishes a reciprocal relationship between sender and receiver, viewer and producer. Because computers handle high-speed transmission to-and-fro, the separating line between sender and receiver, viewer and producer, begins to blur. The digital switch converts text, sounds, and video to transmissible bits. And bits produce incoherent fragments that are hardly distinguishable from cultural noise. The blast of information shatters what remains of cultural coherence in the wobbling worlds of print and film distribution. The digital era splatters attention spans till the shared sensibility dribbles into fragmentary, disintegrative de-construction. Interactivity signals a process of reconstruction. The digital Humpty-Dumpty needs mending. Reconstruction is a process of designing wholes, virtual worlds, that are both received and actively assembled —full, rich experiential places fit for human habitation. From the bits of the digital era arises the holism of virtual design. Virtual design means building worlds from digital fragments, engineering usable software environments from disparate information sources. Worlds are not simply re-packaged fragments. Nor do virtual worlds re-present the primary physical world. What emerges are new functional wholes, habitats that emulate the engagement of real worlds. Software engineering and software architecture support these virtual worlds, but artists with traditional skills must play a pivotal role in their construction. Virtual architecture must go well beyond wire-frame models set in clean Cartesian coordinates. Polygons in Renaissance perspective are only the first steps of interactive design. Worlds require mood-tuned scenarios that draw on traditional artistic insights.
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Conference papers on the topic "Air sound transmission"

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Calvo, David, Michael Nicholas, and Gregory Orris. "Experimental verification of enhanced sound transmission from water to air at low frequencies." In ICA 2013 Montreal. ASA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4800935.

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Gardonio, P., and S. Elliott. "Active control of structure-borne and air-borne sound transmission through a double panel." In 4th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-2353.

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Andersen, Lars Vabbersgaard, Poul Henning Kirkegaard, Kristoffer Ahrens Dickow, Nikolaj Kiel, and Kent Persson. "Influence of Wall Surface and Air Modelling in Finite-Element Analysis of Sound Transmission Between Rooms in Lightweight Buildings." In ASME 2012 Noise Control and Acoustics Division Conference at InterNoise 2012. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ncad2012-1093.

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Noise is a nuisance in the built environment, and to avoid undesirable transmission of sound and vibration within a building, its vibro-acoustic performance must be addressed in the design phase. For heavy structures, a reliable assessment of the sound pressure levels can be made by statistical energy analysis—especially at high frequencies. However, for lightweight buildings a numerical approach, e.g. the finite-element method, must be applied. A problem in this regard is the computational complexity. Even at low frequencies, many degrees of freedom are required in a model accounting for all possible paths for transmission of sound in a building—in particular when finite elements are employed for the air. This paper examines whether a rigorous model of the acoustic field in each room is necessary in order to obtain accurate estimates of the sound pressure, or if a simpler approach may be adopted. Five different cases are compared: A model that only includes the structure, a model with semi-infinite elements to account for radiation from the structure into the air, a model introducing finite elements for the acoustic field, a model with dissipation of sound inside the room, and finally a model with sound absorption on the surfaces of walls, floors and ceilings.
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Liu, Yu Kang, and Yong Wang. "Low-frequency sound transmission through water-air interface: A comparison between Ray and wave theory." In OCEANS 2014 - TAIPEI. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans-taipei.2014.6964301.

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Dumm, Christopher M., Anna C. Hiers, Jeffrey S. Vipperman, George E. Klinzing, and Carey D. Balaban. "Ultrasonic Acoustic Heterodyne Transmission Into the Human Auditory and Vestibular Systems." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24213.

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Abstract It is well-known that airborne sound induces vibration of the eardrum, the coupled middle ear bones, and the inner ear. Sound transmission to the inner ear is attenuated by damage or dysfunction in the eardrum or ossicular chain. Corrective devices often use contact shakers to directly vibrate the temporal bone of the skull, delivering sound. We investigate an alternative, noncontact method of sound transmission that uses ultrasonic signals to transmit sound into the auditory and vestibular systems. Minimal literature exists describing ultrasonic hearing, largely due to attenuation of air-conducted frequencies above 20 kHz. High-amplitude airborne sound incident upon the skull can induce temporal bone system vibrations along an unconventional structural path. Finite-element-based acoustic modeling of the auditory and vestibular anatomy reveals resonant behavior in structural components of the middle and inner ear at ultrasonic frequencies. These “built-in sound amplifiers” can be leveraged to compensate for impedance mismatches experienced in airborne ultrasound transmission. By heterodyning (amplitude modulating) a targeted ultrasonic carrier signal with an audio signal, the nonlinearities of acoustic propagation and the auditory and vestibular sense organs allow interpretation of heterodyne signals. These techniques provide a foundation to improve a wide variety of communication equipment, including hearing aids, without interfering with balance sensations.
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Keshavarz, Reza, and Abdolreza Ohadi. "Study on Sound Absorption and Transmission Loss of Transversely Isotropic Multi Layers Porous Material." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-25078.

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In this work, acoustic wave propagation at oblique incidence in a multi layers material that consists of different layers such as air, homogenous and transversely isotropic porous layers is described. Transfer matrix method (TMM) is applied to compute acoustical properties of multilayer system. For transversely isotropic layer, the transfer matrix based on total displacement formulation of the Biot’s theory is used. Finally, for multi layers porous materials, variation of the sound absorption coefficient and transmission loss versus frequency and angle of incidence are determined. Analysis shows that transversely isotropic porous layers changes the absorption coefficient and improve the transmission loss.
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Kurdi, Mohammad, Shahin Nudehi, and Gregory Scott Duncan. "Tailoring Plate Thickness of a Helmholtz Resonator for Improved Sound Attenuation." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59302.

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A Helmholtz resonator with flexible plate attenuates noise in exhaust ducts, and the transmission loss function quantifies the amount of filtered noise at a desired frequency. In this work the transmission loss is maximized (optimized) by allowing the resonator end plate thickness to vary for two cases: 1) a non-optimized baseline resonator, and 2) a resonator with a uniform flexible endplate that was previously optimized for transmission loss and resonator size. To accomplish this, receptance coupling techniques were used to couple a finite element model of a varying thickness resonator end plate to a mass-spring-damper model of the vibrating air mass in the resonator. Sequential quadratic programming was employed to complete a gradient based optimization search. By allowing the end plate thickness to vary, the transmission loss of the non-optimized baseline resonator was improved significantly, 28 percent. However, the transmission loss of the previously optimized resonator for transmission loss and resonator size showed minimal improvement.
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Ohta, Yutaka, and Eisuke Outa. "Noise Reduction of Blade-Passing Frequency Components in a Centrifugal Blower." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53302.

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A hybrid-type noise control method is applied to fundamental and higher-order blade-passing frequency components, abbreviated to BPF components, radiated from a centrifugal blower. An active cancellation of the BPF noise source is conducted based on a detailed investigation of the noise source distribution by using correlation analysis. The sound pressure level of 2nd- and/or 3rd-order BPF can be reduced by more than 15 decibels and discrete tones almost eliminate from the power spectra of blower-radiated noise. On the other hand, the sound pressure level of the fundamental BPF is difficult to reduce effectively by the active cancellation method because of the large amplitude of the noise source fluctuation. However, the fundamental BPF is largely influenced by the frequency-response characteristics of the noise transmission passage, and is passively reduced by appropriate adjusting of the inlet duct length. Simultaneous reduction of BPF noise, therefore, can be easily made possible by applying passive and active control methods on the fundamental and higher-order BPF noise, respectively. We also discuss the distribution pattern of BPF noise sources by numerical simulation of flow fields around the scroll cutoff.
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Knirsch, Sebastian, Dietmar Mandt, Uwe Mauch, Konrad Bamberger, and Thomas Carolus. "Forced-Air Diesel Locomotive Cooling: Prediction of Noise and Energy Consumption Under Realistic Operational Conditions." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-94588.

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An important subsystem in most surface transport vehicles is the forced-air cooling module. Under specific operational conditions of the vehicle the cooling system is the major noise source and the component with the largest consumption of energy. A comprehensive time domain simulation model was developed for simulation of the cooling module in a Diesel locomotive under realistic operational conditions. It includes the components that produce waste heat such as the engine, the turbo transmission, the brake, etc. and the cooling module with its fans. Given the operation of the locomotive e.g. in terms of speed vs. time along a track and its load, data from experimental full scale tests agree well with predictions from the time domain model. The onset of cooling fan operation is predicted well, with it their instantaneous energy consumption and sound radiation. Three optimized cooling unit assemblies for the new locomotive Voith Gravita 15L had been developed and pre-assessed utilizing the model and eventually tested in the locomotive under realistic operational conditions. A new thermodynamically advanced cooling unit with aerodynamically and acoustically optimized fans was found superior by approx. 2 dB (A) less sound power radiation and some 30% less energy consumption as compared to the benchmark. It is anticipated that those advantages are even more distinct as the ambient temperature decreases. The work is part of the European FP7 transport research project ECOQUEST.
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Ziaran, Stanislav, Ondrej Chlebo, and Milos Musil. "Analysis of the Impact of Different Types of Vibration Isolation on the Dynamic Loading of Machines and the Surrounding Environment." In ASME 2018 Noise Control and Acoustics Division Session presented at INTERNOISE 2018. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ncad2018-6135.

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The resulting dynamic loading on machines, the environment and humans generated by vibration and noise is dependent on the vibro-insulating components and the quality of resilient materials used in the mounting of these components. Well-designed vibration isolation of vibrating sources can effectively reduce the transmission of vibro-acoustic energy into supporting and surrounding structures. Based on frequency spectrum, the vibro-isolation efficiency of various vibro-insulating components and their resilient materials is analysed. The solution of this problem is based on theoretical knowledge and methodology of the transmission of vibration-sound waves and measurement of the machines involved. Measurements of vibration at the sources and along the path of transmission, as well as sound measurements, were performed for different vibro-isolators to compare real results with theory. Measured components include; isolation of a recirculation fan in a heating plant, air-conditioning unit, and combustion engine of a passenger vehicle. For the detection of the vibro-acoustic energy the vibration and sound were measured and FFT analysis was applied. Finally, this paper suggests measures which can be taken to reduce undesirable vibro-acoustic energy on machines, the environment and bystanders.
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