Journal articles: 'Airbag system for pedestrians'

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Yang, Hyun-Ik, Yong-Won Yun, and Gyung-Jin Park. "Design of a pedestrian protection airbag system using experiments." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 230, no. 9 (September 17, 2015): 1182–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407015603854.

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Lu, Yujun, Jiafeng Shen, Chunqing Wang, Honghao Lu, and Jiancheng Xin. "Studying on the design and simulation of collision protection system between vehicle and pedestrian." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 16, no. 1 (January 2020): 155014771990010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147719900109.

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Pedestrian protection technology has become the most important issue in the field of vehicle safety. The design and simulation method of pedestrian protection system for vehicles is studied based on the Teoriya Resheniya Izobreatatelskih Zadatch theory in this article. The optimal solution of a new type of all-around airbag system mounted to the front of vehicles is presented after performing some Teoriya Resheniya Izobreatatelskih Zadatch analysis tools, such as the component analysis, causal analysis, resource analysis, and contradiction analysis. The digital modeling is carried out on the airbag deployments by SolidWorks, and the simulation analysis is performed on the collision between vehicle and pedestrian head by HyperWorks and LS-DYNA. The results show that the vehicle equipped with the front-end all-around airbag than without can play a better role in pedestrian head protection during the collision, making the maximum value of head injury criterion decrease by 66.7%, effectively reducing the collision damage and verifying the feasibility of the solution.

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Lim, Joon-Hong, Jong-Sun Park, Yong-Won Yun, Seong-Beom Jeong, and Gyung-Jin Park. "Design of an airbag system of a mid-sized automobile for pedestrian protection." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 229, no. 5 (October 16, 2014): 656–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407014551186.

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Shi, Liangliang, Yong Han, Hongwu Huang, Wei He, Fang Wang, and Bingyu Wang. "Effects of vehicle front-end safety countermeasures on pedestrian head injury risk during ground impact." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 14 (February 8, 2019): 3588–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407019828845.

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Pedestrian safety countermeasures such as pop-up bonnets and exterior pedestrian airbags have been shown to decrease the pedestrian injury risk caused by vehicle impacts (primary impact). However, it is still unknown whether these devices could prevent or mitigate pedestrian injuries resulting from ground impacts (secondary impact). In order to understand how the vehicle safety countermeasures prevent pedestrian head injuries caused by primary and secondary impacts, a total of 252 vehicle-to-pedestrian impact simulations were conducted using the MADYMO code. The simulations accounted for three types of vehicle configurations (a baseline vehicle and vehicles with the two aforementioned vehicle safety countermeasures) along with five front-end structural parameters at three vehicle impact velocities (30, 40, and 50 km/h). The simulation results show that the bonnet leading edge height was the most sensitive parameter affecting the head-to-vehicle impact location and that caused different head injuries resulting from the local stiffness in the location impacted. Moreover, the bonnet leading edge height was the leading governing factor on the pedestrian rotation angle in the secondary impact. The vehicle equipped with a pop-up bonnet and an external airbag could cause a larger pedestrian rotation angle at 30 km/h than that in the other two vehicle types, but conversely could cause a smaller pedestrian rotation angle at 40 and 50 km/h. Also, the vehicle equipped with pop-up bonnet and external airbag systems could lead a higher pedestrian flight altitude than that of the baseline type. A vehicle equipped with a pop-up bonnet and external airbag systems provide improved protection for the pedestrian’s head in the primary impact, but may not prevent the injury risk and/or even cause more severe injuries in secondary impacts.

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Latchford, J., and E. C. Chirwa. "Airbag head restraint system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 214, no. 3 (March 1, 2000): 229–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407001527385.

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The function of a head restraint system is to prevent injurious hyperextension of the occupant's neck in the event of a road vehicle rear end impact, and thus it must have adequate stiffness to limit the movement of the head relative to the torso. Also, it should absorb the kinetic energy progressively so that the head does not sustain any injury and does not roll on the cushion. Practically, a well-designed head restraint will have an optimum balance of these features and thereby offer adequate protection for both the head and the neck. This paper presents some pioneering thinking on head restraint design and develops criteria for qualifying the systems. It presents an airbag head restraint system that has optimum stiffness and good potential for reducing head and neck injuries suffered through rear end collisions. It also presents the results of experimental tests conducted on this novel airbag head restraint system and on several randomly selected existing head restraints. Furthermore, analysis of energy absorption capabilities, head injury criterion (HIC) values and a new criterion, called the equivalent impact power criterion (EIPC), is developed in order to quantify the relation between the rate at which energy is imparted to the head during the impact cycle and injury severity. Current test results show that, the lower the EIPC, the better is the head restraint system and the less is the risk of whiplash and head injuries. Moreover, the work has quantified a number of variables, including the optimum stiffness, as the factors governing the severity of injury to the occupant in a rear impact scenario.

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Zhong, Kun, Zhong Hua Du, Liang Zhou, and Li Li Song. "Numerical Simulation of Intercepting Efficiency on Airbag Active Protection System." Advanced Materials Research 156-157 (October 2010): 360–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.156-157.360.

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Based on the advantages and disadvantages of existing active protection system, this paper proposes a new type of airbag active protection system. The components and working process of the system is introduced. Then taking the physical process of airbag active protection system against a rocket projectile as an example, a 3D finite element model (FEM) of airbag and rocket projectile is set up. With the assistance of the software LS-DYNA3D, through performing the simulation when the rocket projectile touched the airbag with an angle 30° from the normal interface, the intercepting efficiency is calculated and analyzed in the simulation. Results show that airbag can deform and rupture the metal jet generated by the rocket projectile, thus greatly reduce its armor penetrating effect. Finally, it shows excellent protective effect of the airbag active protection system.

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Xiao, Zhi, Li Wang, Fuhao Mo, Siqi Zhao, and Cuina Liu. "Optimal design of pre-triggering airbag system for occupant protection performance during frontal crashes." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 11 (October 25, 2018): 2850–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018807330.

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With the rapid development of car crash sensing and identification technology, the application of pre-triggering airbag system is becoming an important option to improve vehicle safety. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the injury protection ability of pre-triggering airbag system and optimize its performance in frontal crashes regarding the key physical parameters. A driver restraint system model established and validated by National Crash Analysis Center was employed and validated for studying the injury protection ability of pre-triggering airbag system. Then, the influences of airbag triggering time, airbag volume scaling factor, inflator mass flow, and exhaust orifice size of pre-triggering airbag system on driver’s head and chest injuries were analyzed. Finally, the weighted injury criterion was selected as the evaluation index to optimize the pre-triggering airbag system. The results show the pre-triggering airbag should be designed with a larger airbag volume and inflator mass flow rate and smaller exhaust orifice. The optimized restraint system design presents a reduction of weighted injury criterion values in 100% and 40% overlapped frontal impacts reaching 25.63% and 42.23%, respectively.

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Xiao, Hong Bing, Su Xia Xing, and Fei Yun He. "Design on Piezoelectric Converter for Electronic Safety System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 128-129 (October 2011): 1421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.128-129.1421.

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Safety, environmental protection and energy saving are three main measures of development level of modern automotive technology, where safety is in the first place. With people's living standards improvement, more and more users will choose the higher configuration, safer cars. These promote a high-performance automobile airbag system development. Ignition system is a key component of the airbag. Because of reliability, accuracy and other limitations, the existing airbag ignition system doesn’t work well. In this paper, a high-voltage piezoelectric converter used in car airbag ignition systems is discussed. It is the combination of safety and environmental protection, and improves the reliability and accuracy. The solution includes conversion circuit model of piezoelectric ignition system, frequency characteristics of piezoelectric transducer, quantum-based control technology for optimal efficiency of transformation and a starting control design of automobile airbag ignition system on piezoelectric transformer. The experiment results verify the correctness of design.

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He, Cheng, Huan He, and Tao Wang. "Similarity Design Method of the Inflatable Buffer Landing System." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2019 (November 11, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5326979.

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The inflatable buffer landing system, such as the airbag, has been widely used for deep space exploration as a low-cost entry. The impact performance of an airbag landing attenuation system on Mars had to be proven through cushion testing on Earth. In this paper, a design method for the airbag landing attenuation system on Earth is proposed based on similarity relation. With this method, the impact response of the spherical airbag landing attenuation system is derived based on assumptions, and the principal factors have great influence on the impact response of the landing system have been proved. Then, the similarity relation between the full-scale airbag landing attenuation system in the Martian atmosphere and its Earth prototype is obtained through theoretical derivation. Finally, the proposed similarity relationship has been tested on several ground prototypes by FEA. The results of the study show that the Earth prototype by the developed design method is capable of predicting the impact response with good accuracy.

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Nie, Min, Cheng Xu, Tao Li, and Ting Zhang. "Design and Implementation of Development and Testing Platform for Airbag Control System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 321-324 (June 2013): 1554–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.321-324.1554.

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In the late-stage of designing an airbag control system, a lot of collision experiments should be done to verify the performance of the system, but collision experiments cost a lot of time and money. In this paper, we design a new development and testing platform that can generate multi-channel acceleration analog signals and provide multi-channel airbag ignition interfaces. The platform receives the acceleration data customized on PC via a USB interface, then, the PC issues a command to start the output of the acceleration waveforms. The airbag ignition interface has the same electrical characteristics with real airbag, when it receives an ignition current, the platform will ignite the virtual airbag, and record the time. The experimental results show that the platform designed in this paper can precisely simulate the acceleration waveforms collected in collision experiments.

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Xiao, Hong Bing, Kang K. Yen, Chun Yu Bai, and Su Xia Xing. "Design of Automobile Airbag Multi-Point Ignition System Based on Piezoelectric Converter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 784–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.784.

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Automotive industry is being one of the major supporting forces for the economy of many countries. The requirement of higher standard on safety figure for cars has demanded engineers to design automobile airbag systems with high performance. Since the ignition system is one of the major units in an airbag system, a design of a high-voltage piezoelectric converter which can be implemented in airbag ignition systems is studied in this paper. The selection of the piezoelectric transformer can improve the reliability by increasing the ignition energy. Using the multi-point ignition scheme to measure the orientation of the airbag detonation, the accuracy of the airbag ignition can be improved and the accidental injury caused by collisions can be further reduced. Besides, a good solution to synchronization problems is provided by using multi-point synchronization control and multiple air bags.

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Wei, Jian Zheng, Hui Feng Tan, Bo Song, and Zhi Min Wan. "Strength Testing of Fabric Composite Material and Impact Simulation for Airbag Landing System." Advanced Materials Research 1095 (March 2015): 463–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1095.463.

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The “Orion crew exploration vehicle” of NASA takes airbag as one way of landing system, which can reduce the landing weight, maintain the reposefully landing of the vehicle, protect the detector during recycling. In this paper, taking into account the material quality and the change during soft-landing of the airbag, the tensile mechanical properties tests of plain weave composite material airbag have been conducted at different temperature and different silicone coating thickness. Based on the material parameters of the test, the finite element model has been created to obtain the inner pressure and the overload curve of the airbag which has a certain angle with the ground. The result shows that the airbag made of fabric composite material can realize the landing and recycling of the vehicle.

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Yadav, Awadhesh Kumar. "Integrated Airbag System for Two-Wheelers." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology V, no. X (October 22, 2017): 256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2017.10040.

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SUH, CHANG-MIN, YOUNG-HOON LEE, and DUCK-YOUNG SUH. "A DESIGN OF THE DRIVER AIRBAG MODULE WITH FLOATING HORN ASSEMBLY." International Journal of Modern Physics B 24, no. 15n16 (June 30, 2010): 2725–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979210065532.

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The driver airbag system is designed as a supplemental restraint system in addition to the seatbelt, and is designed to protect the driver's head and chest against severe injury by a device that is actuated in case of vehicle's fronted impact. Deployment of an airbag module with floating horn assembly is a highly dynamic process. The concept of driver airbag module with floating horn assembly and aluminum emblem is presented as a useful parameter when the airbag deploys and the energy is evaluated as performance factor in airbag module. Floating horn assembly is also one of the major factors for driver airbag module design to perform its horn function and check the package between driver airbag module and steering wheel. This study on the design of driver airbag module with floating horn assembly proved the feasibility as a new safety device. However, the system level study is needed for decrease of passenger injury. This study can be used for the implementation of a prototype of DABM with floating horn device.

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Wu, Jun, Li Bo Cao, Rui Feng Zhang, and Jing Wen Hu. "Model Development and Robust Optimal Design of Occupant Restraint System." Advanced Materials Research 538-541 (June 2012): 2794–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.2794.

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In this study, an occupant restraint system model of a production SUV developed in MADYMO software was used for crash simulations. Component tests were conducted to obtain the parameters of seatbelt and seat. Parameters of airbag were obtained by tank tests and the airbag model was validated by headform drop tests. The occupant restraint system model was validated against results from real vehicle crash tests. Robust design method was adopted for sensitivity analysis and system optimization. Two parameters, spool effect of the seatbelt and mass flow of the airbag, were studied to improve the occupant protection. Better protection performance has been obtained using optimized parameters, and the robustness of the optimized result was proved by robustness assessment.

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M.F., Popa, and Parlica I. "Injury caused by airbag VS. injuries associated with airbag deploys." ARS Medica Tomitana 20, no. 1 (February 1, 2014): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/arsm-2014-0004.

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ABSTRACT Implementation of airbags systems in motor vehicles designed to transport of persons led in time to a significant decrease of the rate of death among passengers involved in car accidents. However airbag systems are not harmless, it produces lesions that vary in intensity depending on many factors. But decidedly, we can meet injuries associated with the triggering of the airbag system. Therefore, it must be made a clear difference between the two types of injuries, this being particularly important in terms of medico-legal especially regarding the mechanism of injury.

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Fukui, T. "Occupant position detection system (OPDS) for side airbag system." JSAE Review 22, no. 1 (January 2001): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0389-4304(00)00089-8.

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Snyder, T., J. Sitter, and J. N. Chung. "Design and Testing of an Airbag System for High-Mass, High-Velocity Deceleration." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 119, no. 4 (December 1, 1997): 631–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2802371.

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The design and performance evaluation of an airbag system capable of decelerating masses in the range of hundreds to thousands of kilograms with impact velocities in the range of tens to hundreds of kilometers per hour is presented. First, a simplified incompressible flow analysis of the airbag is utilized to derive the orifice venting area corresponding to the ideal deceleration for a given impact velocity and package mass. Second, testing with a small-scale model found three distinct control intervals during the deceleration. Finally, a full-scale airbag system was constructed and data is presented on the deceleration, deceleration force, deceleration velocity, airbag stopping power, and overall performance. The deceleration was experimentally optimized for a single impact velocity and package mass and an approximate correction factor was developed to predict the actual air venting required for each of the three control intervals in order to achieve the optimum deceleration for any impact velocity and package mass.

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KAMIJI, Koichi. "Original and Advanced Technologies of Airbag System." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 117, no. 1144 (2014): 138–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.117.1144_138.

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Sano, Yasukazu, Hideyuki Tanaka, and Taichi Tanigawa. "Optical Occupant Position Sensor for Airbag System." IEEJ Transactions on Sensors and Micromachines 119, no. 1 (1999): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejsmas.119.1.

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Kim, Dong-Eun, Woon-Ik Park, Bo-Sung Shin, and Myung Chang Kang. "Optimized low-risk deployment of a passenger airbag with a passenger protection wrap considering pressure dispersion." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 231, no. 1 (August 5, 2016): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407016631148.

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The airbag is an occupant protection device widely used in the automotive industry. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 208 requires the low-risk deployment airbag system to be utilized in vehicles to protect out-of-position occupants. This paper presents a design-for-six-sigma low-risk deployment passenger airbag optimized by adding a passenger protection wrap. The passenger protection wrap reduces the cushion impact force on the passenger by ensuring pressure dispersion. A series of static tests were conducted to demonstrate the proposed system using Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 208 test procedures. The test results shows that the proposed passenger airbag satisfies the criteria established by Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 208 and also presents a significant improvement over conventional airbag systems.

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YANG, WEN-CHIEH, GERALD LIU, CHU-LUNG WU, KUO-CHIH SU, and CHIH-HAN CHANG. "DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF AN AIRBAG BRACE SYSTEM FOR IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS SUBJECTS." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 14, no. 02 (March 10, 2014): 1450021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519414500213.

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There are disadvantages, especially from biomechanical viewpoint, to treating idiopathic scoliosis (IS) patients using traditional Boston braces with pressure pads. The major problem is the higher stiffness of the pressure pad as compared to the soft-tissue of the trunk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Boston braces in which the pressure pad was replaced by the deformable airbag. A custom-made airbag brace which was designed based on the three-point compression principle of the Boston brace was prescribed to each of the 20 IS subjects with a mean age of 11.8 ± 2.8 years old. To evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment, the scoliosis Cobb angles before the treatment and after a follow-up period were measured from AP X-rays. The mean follow-up period was 11.5 ± 6.6 months. In addition, three interface parameters — contact pressure, contact area, and contact force — under seven postures — upright, flexion, extension, left side bending, right side bending, left side rotation and right side rotation — were measured using pressure mats to investigate interface conditions between airbags and skin. During the follow-up, all scoliosis curves showed Cobb angle reduction except one thoracic curve, which increased by one degree. The Cobb angle in the thoracic region decreased from 37.3 ± 10.6° to 27.3 ± 10.1° with a mean decreasing of 9.9 ± 5.9°. The Cobb angle in the lumbar region decreased from 30.1 ± 6.9° to 17.7 ± 8.6° with a mean decreasing of 12.4 ± 4.9°. Changes in the three interface parameters for the seven postures were insignificant. This indicated that the airbag brace could provide sufficient continuous corrective force. Using the airbag, instead of the pressure pad to provide the corrective force in the brace system can effectively correct the spinal curve caused by scoliosis. Easy adjustment and direct control of airbag pressure might be the key factor to the success of the airbag brace.

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Xie, Wei Hao, Bin Zhou, En Xiao Liu, and Yuan Geng Zhang. "The Characteristics of Frustum of Cone Parachute-Airbag for Aircraft Recovery System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 742 (March 2015): 608–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.742.608.

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The aircraft recovery systems have been drawn more attention for its ability on offering cushioning landing in recent years. However, many previous researches mainly focus on the cylinder or rectangle air bags where the upper surface is orthogonal to the flank side. This kind of airbag will not meet the requisite stability and security because it might be bended by payload under the misalignment forces. In this light, a more stable frustum of cone parachute-airbag system is proposed and the cushioning mathematical model is established. Based on the theories of thermodynamics and mechanics, the expressions of velocity and deceleration are derived. The effects of initial parameters on airbag cushioning properties are analyzed and the simulation results are shown. The results can provide references for the future design of aircraft recovery system.

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Sheng, Yan, Xiong Jun He, Xiao Hu Nie, Wen Tao Xiao, Rui Jiang Ran, and Qiao Lian Huang. "The Training System Based the Virtual Traffic Scene on Pedestrians' Safety." Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (August 2013): 1880–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.1880.

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With the rapid development of Chinas urbanization, pedestrians traffic accidents have been on the top due to the negligence of traffic rules or lacking of safety awareness. This research develops a system on improving pedestrians safety awareness, especially to children, in city traffic. It adapts virtual reality technology to the training of pedestrian safety consciousness via the virtual scene of city. Clients may get involved in the virtual traffic environment, take charge of pedestrians in the scene, and conduct a timely monitor of pedestrians and give them warning when necessary so as to publicize traffic rules and improve pedestrians safety awareness.

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Shakouri, Ehsan, and Alimohammad Mobini. "Airbag deployment: Infrared thermography and evaluation of thermal damage." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 233, no. 4 (March 7, 2019): 424–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954411919832038.

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The performance of airbag and its deployment are based on a fast exothermic-chemical reaction. The hot gas resulting from the chemical reaction which results in airbag deployment can cause thermal damage and skin burning for the car passenger. The thermal burns due to airbags are of two types: burns due to direct contact with the airbag surface and burns resulting from exposure to the hot gas leaving the deflation vents of the airbag. In this research, for experimental study of the burns resulting from exposure of the skin to airbag, using infrared thermography, the extent of temperature rise of the airbag surface was detected and measured from the zero moment of its inflation. Next, using Henriques equation, the extent of thermal damage caused by airbag deployment and its resulting burn degree was calculated. The results indicated that during the inflation of airbag, the maximum temperature of its surface can be 92 °C ± 2 °C. Furthermore, if the vehicle’s safety system functions within the predicted time intervals, the risk of thermal damage is virtually zero. However, if even a slight delay occurs in detachment of the passenger’s head and face off the airbag, second- and third-degree burns could develop.

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Ahmad, Hawar B., and Zakiya A. Nayef. "Pre-Crash Braking System-PCBS." Academic Journal of Nawroz University 7, no. 4 (December 21, 2018): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v7n4a288.

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In computer vision the detection of Pedestrian assumed as a key problem, by various applications that have the possibility to impact positively life quality. In recent years, Growing the number of methods of pedestrians detection in monosyllabic images. This paper presents a system that accurately detects pedestrians and provides the driver with informative warnings by using the Pre-Crash Braking System-(PCBS), which is use sensor and the brake-by-wire actuator. One of the main goals of transportation safety we presented in this paper to protect pedestrians from crashes with vehicles and reduce their risk on roadways. We chose to focus on detection by the driver and assume perfect detection by the system according to that we used (use-case) diagram to shows the different interactions available to users of the PCB System. This proposed system minimizes accident possibilities and reduction of accident impact on pedestrians which keeps the driver alert to dangerous situations even in moments of driver distraction due to the functionalities of the system modules.

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P, Anurag. "Safe Route Recommendation System for Pedestrians." International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering 9, no. 4 (August 25, 2020): 4665–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30534/ijatcse/2020/68942020.

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Bousbia-Salah, Mounir, Mohamed Fezari, and Rachid Hamdi. "A NAVIGATION SYSTEM FOR BLIND PEDESTRIANS." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 38, no. 1 (2005): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20050703-6-cz-1902.01402.

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Zhou, X., S. M. Zhou, and D. K. Li. "Optimal Design of Airbag Landing System without Rebound." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 531 (September 26, 2019): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/531/1/012001.

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Pai, N. G., S. A. Tetzlaff, and D. P. Hess. "DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF A MECHANICAL AIRBAG SYSTEM SENSOR." Journal of Sound and Vibration 217, no. 2 (October 1998): 283–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1998.1751.

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Kotiev, G. O., A. V. Petyukov, and A. V. Gonsales Astua. "Experimental-theoretical method for studying the vehicle airbag modules functioning." Trudy NAMI, no. 2 (July 17, 2021): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.51187/0135-3152-2021-2-15-24.

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Introduction (problem statement and relevance). The airbag belongs to the passive vehicle safety system (SRS - Supplementary Restraint System) and is the most important (together with the seat belt) restraint system that protects the driver and passengers in a collision with static or moving objects. The main task of the SRS is to minimize injuries to the driver and passengers and reduce deaths in various road traffic accidents. For the development and testing of modern high-tech airbag modules, it is necessary to have informative theoretical and experimental methods for studying the non-stationary processes of their functioning.The purpose of the study was to develop an experimental-theoretical research method based on modern highly informative tools of experimental physics of fast processes and numerical methods for continuous media dynamics.Methodology and research methods. To study the functioning dynamics of vehicle airbag modules, an experimental method for determining the kinematic and acoustic parameters has been developed and implemented, and a mathematical model of an airbag functioning process has been formulated and implemented in the LS-DYNA environment with the help of corpuscular particles method.Scientific novelty and results. The created experimental-theoretical method allowed both to simulate the functioning processes of the developed and tested airbag modules, and to carry out field tests of these modules. In addition, the experiment made it possible to carry out a detailed verification of the numerical method for calculating the airbag operation, on the basis of which it was also possible to perform numerical calculations interaction of the airbag and an anthropometric dummy model.Practical significance. The developed method for studying the processes of airbag modules functioning is an important and necessary component of creating a scientific, technical and experimental base for the development and production of passive safety systems.

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Wang, Xiao Dong, Hong Zhe Zhang, and Hui Chen. "Development of Contour Size Detection System of Driver Airbag." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 632–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.632.

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A new detection system has been designed and developed for detecting the contour size of automobile driver airbag. The detection system is mainly composed of a CCD camera, optical system and a computer which can implement image processing and image recognition. This system uses a CCD sensor as its sensitive element, as well as the basic principle of image processing combined with image segmentation and template matching to determine whether the contour size of airbag is qualified. The experimental results show that the system improves the detecting precision, and speed of assembling automobile airbags. It also solves the problems of a heavy workload by manual operations, inaccurate judgments and low efficiency.

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Yang, Hongtu, Hongdang Zhang, Fengjiao Zhang, Debao Xin, and Jinyu Chen. "Analysis and study on an intelligent auxiliary control system for car comity pedestrians." E3S Web of Conferences 248 (2021): 02013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124802013.

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An automobile intelligent auxiliary control system performance for comity pedestrians is analysed. For safety reasons, a car safety distance model which can distinguish pedestrians at the front zebra crossing line is proposed. The important features of the active protective comity pedestrian integrated control system are derived, which can accurately identify pedestrians or cyclists in front of you and distinguish safety behaviour characteristics. According to the system feedback, active protection measures are adopted. A control system based on the combination of infrared radar probe ranging system and image processing recognition system is studied. The innovative research on car avoiding pedestrians focuses on both the behaviour characteristics of the driver and the pedestrian. Dual protection of longitudinal anti-collision comity pedestrians and horizontal pedestrian protection early warning protection can be carried out through the system. The intelligent auxiliary control system is a control system that can ensure the safety of pedestrians at non-traffic signal intersections. The system embodies more intelligent and humane, and also provides innovative ideas for the research and development of new products.

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Tong, Yourui, Bochen Jia, and Shan Bao. "An Augmented Warning System for Pedestrians: User Interface Design and Algorithm Development." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (August 4, 2021): 7197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167197.

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Warning pedestrians of oncoming vehicles is critical to improving pedestrian safety. Due to the limitations of a pedestrian’s carrying capacity, it is crucial to find an effective solution to provide warnings to pedestrians in real-time. Limited numbers of studies focused on warning pedestrians of oncoming vehicles. Few studies focused on developing visual warning systems for pedestrians through wearable devices. In this study, various real-time projection algorithms were developed to provide accurate warning information in a timely way. A pilot study was completed to test the algorithm and the user interface design. The projection algorithms can update the warning information and correctly fit it into an easy-to-understand interface. By using this system, timely warning information can be sent to those pedestrians who have lower situational awareness or obstructed view to protect them from potential collisions. It can work well when the sightline is blocked by obstructions.

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Wang, Yiyu, Jiaqi Ge, and Alexis Comber. "Simulation model of pedestrian flow based on multi-agent system and Bayesian Nash equilibrium." AGILE: GIScience Series 2 (June 4, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/agile-giss-2-42-2021.

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Abstract. Computer-based simulation is a means of exploring complex systems and has become the mainstream method of pedestrian research. In this research, a multi-agent simulation model of pedestrian flow will be established using a multi-agent system (MAS) and Bayesian Nash equilibrium. MAS is used to simulate the crowd movement and the interaction between pedestrians, and Bayesian Nash equilibrium is adopted to analyze the decision-making process of pedestrians. In contrast to previous pedestrian flow simulation modeling methods, this study adopts multi-agent modeling to realize the complete heterogeneity of pedestrians, so as to achieve more accurate simulation and make the research conclusions closer to reality. To be specific, we attempt to determine the cell side length and simulation time step of an initial model parameterized using a dataset of actual pedestrian movements. It allows more than one pedestrian to be in the same cell and stipulates that the utility of pedestrians decreases with the growing number of pedestrians in the cell. The Bayesian Nash equilibrium is applied to analyze the decision-making process of pedestrians and collision avoidance rules and interaction rules of agents are also formulated. A number of areas of further research are discussed.

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Strassheim, Alexander. "An Approach for Robust System Testing the Event Data Recorder in the Context of a Passive Safety System." Vehicles 3, no. 3 (August 4, 2021): 426–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vehicles3030026.

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As long as road accidents happen, passive safety systems like the airbag control unit are an essential part of the whole automotive safety system. Within the airbag control unit, the event data recorder (EDR) is an integrated function. Recent developments in legislation show that an increasing number of EDR-related regulations are being introduced. They are mainly focusing on data recording, crash-data retrieval, and some of them define testing aspects. In the system testing of an airbag control unit with a focus on the event data recorder, the question arises of how to deal with the fact that real-world crash events are not “straightforward” but arbitrary and do not follow any rules and restrictions. The purpose of this work is to develop a robust test approach to these conditions—giving a tester the possibility to extend the test depth considering the common test design techniques and testing principles. The applied methodology is the use of optimization algorithms in an automated test environment. With this, the tester can steer the test execution in a predefined way with minimal interaction. The application of the developed test method automatically creates a set of test data which fulfill the predefined conditions by the user. The generated results show that a high number of test data are created at and close to the target condition. Consequently, this test approach provides an extension to the common test design techniques with regard to how test input data can be created, and especially how automated test data creation and test execution can be realized.

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Hunaiti, Z., V. Garaj, and W. Balachandran. "A Remote Vision Guidance System for Visually Impaired Pedestrians." Journal of Navigation 59, no. 3 (August 23, 2006): 497–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463306003894.

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This paper presents research and development work on a novel system with a view of developing a navigation system for the guidance of visually impaired pedestrians. The prime aim of the new developed system is to enhance the mobility of visually impaired pedestrians using remote guidance provided by sighted person. However, the system can be used in many other applications. The system implementation is based on the integration of the Global Positioning System (GPS), Geographical Information System (GIS) database and a remote vision facility over the third generation (3G) of mobile networks, providing a technological platform enabling visually impaired pedestrians to be guided remotely by a sighted guide.

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Cho, Hansae, Sunghoon Yang, Jonghyun Yim, Seungki Kim, and Soo-Won Chae. "Feature-Based Cad System Buildup for Passenger Airbag Design." International Journal of Automotive Technology 19, no. 5 (September 12, 2018): 845–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12239-018-0081-5.

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Gozman-Pop, C., D. Simoiu, I. Crâştiu, E. Nyaguly, E. N. Oanţă, and L. Bereteu. "Dynamic Analysis of Satellites Used for Side-Airbag System." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 416 (October 26, 2018): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/416/1/012024.

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김시준, Kim Jeung Tae, and Kim Jung Soo. "Ventilation System Redesign of Subway for Pedestrians." Journal of the Korean Society of Mechanical Technology 20, no. 1 (February 2018): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17958/ksmt.20.1.201802.40.

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Duma, S. M., J. M. Cormier, W. J. Hurst, J. D. Stitzel, and I. P. Herring. "Experimental analysis of airbag seam design: high-rate shear testing for skin abrasions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 226, no. 4 (October 12, 2011): 468–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407011421421.

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Approximately 66 per cent of all airbag deployments in the USA result in at least one skin injury, with 47 per cent of these skin injuries attributed directly to the airbag deployment. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the risk of skin abrasions from the airbag fabric seam design by using a new shear testing methodology. High-rate shear loading was performed with a pneumatic impactor that propelled a section of airbag fabric across porcine skin at 85 m/s. Twenty-seven tests (three control and 24 with fabric) were performed using eight different seam designs. A 40 cm × 10 cm section of airbag fabric with each seam was forced across a 5 cm × 5 cm section of fresh porcine skin that was acquired within 2 h post-mortem. No abrasions were observed in the three control tests, but abrasions were observed in all 24 of the tests conducted using airbag fabric. The unturned, sewn seam orientation resulted in significantly more severe abrasions than the woven, unturned seam orientation ( P = 0.01). This new system and results illustrate that different seam designs can result in different skin abrasion risk. Moreover, the data show that severe abrasions can be caused by normal pressures well below the 1.75 MPa injury threshold previously published.

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Hu, FengJun, JianWei Lin, and HanJie Gu. "Dynamic Linear Predictive Optimization of Flexible Robot Profiling MFA Model." Journal of Sensors 2019 (June 16, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6739643.

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As the airbag of a flexible robot is affected by external environmental factors during the profiling process, there are many uncertainties in the process of deformation of the airbag. For this reason, the general nonlinear control strategy cannot obtain an accurate data model. In this paper, a flexible robot profiling MFA (Model-Free Adaptive) model based on adaptive predictive dynamic linear optimization is proposed. Firstly, the real-time thickness of the airbag is obtained through edge detection by using the image processing algorithm. Secondly, the airbag aerodynamic model is constructed by visual servo control strategy. Then, a nonlinear control system based on model-free adaptive control is established. Thirdly, the weighting factor is used to limit the variation range of the input quantity, and the deviation of the actual value and the expected value is corrected by the adaptive prediction mechanism. Finally, the servo control the airbag is completed. The experimental results show that the improved model proposed in this paper solves the overshoot phenomenon of the standard control model with less control error and higher robustness.

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Cho, Younjoo, Hwajin Jeong, Anseop Choi, and Minki Sung. "Design of a Connected Security Lighting System for Pedestrian Safety in Smart Cities." Sustainability 11, no. 5 (March 2, 2019): 1308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11051308.

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Historical and ongoing pedestrian anxiety about night crimes in alleyways is an important issue in our society. Therefore, recommended illuminance levels in pedestrian alleys have been established and security lighting meeting such illuminance levels has been installed to ensure proper brightness. However, pedestrians may still feel that such areas are too dark and want to ensure their safety through sufficient brightness, especially late at night. In this study, a smart security lighting system, which was namely the Connected Security Lighting System (CSLS), has been designed to reduce the pedestrians’ fear of crime in smart cities. The CSLS increases the brightness of security lighting by turning on additional lights to relax pedestrians’ psychological fear of crime because of the increased sense of surveillance. Such a change may also deter potential offenders. The CSLS employs various sensors and information communication technologies that are widely used in interior and outdoor smart lighting applications. It also uses a beacon device and smartphone application to effectively detect pedestrians while infrared sensors in the CSLS are activated to detect any pedestrians approaching from the opposite direction after the beacon device is initiated. The method for controlling the CSLS is described and a prototype system is presented to demonstrate the feasibility of this security lighting system in smart cities.

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Zheng, Hai Yan. "Design of Intelligent Street Lamp - Control System Abstract." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 1069–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.1069.

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Zheng HaiyanWeifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang, 262700, Chinaemail: 55311612@qq.comKeywords: Street lamp,intelligent control,ultrasonic testing,infrared communicationAbstract. To satisfy the street lamp-control requirement of medium-and-small-sized towns and remote areas, ultrasonic sensor controlled by MCU realizes the monitoring of pedestrians and vehicles on road.It makes use of infrared ray to communicate between two street lamps and 4 lamps are kept on lighting,that not only ensures the safety of pedestrians or vehicles,but also saves energy.

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Kim, Kwangsoo, Yangho Kim, and Sooyeong Kwak. "Vision Sensor Based Fuzzy System for Intelligent Vehicles." Sensors 19, no. 4 (February 19, 2019): 855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19040855.

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Those in the automotive industry and many researchers have become interested in the development of pedestrian protection systems in recent years. In particular, vision-based methods for predicting pedestrian intentions are now being actively studied to improve the performance of pedestrian protection systems. In this paper, we propose a vision-based system that can detect pedestrians using an on-dash camera in the car, and can then analyze their movements to determine the probability of collision. Information about pedestrians, including position, distance, movement direction, and magnitude are extracted using computer vision technologies and, using this information, a fuzzy rule-based system makes a judgement on the pedestrian’s risk level. To verify the function of the proposed system, we built several test datasets, collected by ourselves, in high-density regions where vehicles and pedestrians mix closely. The true positive rate of the experimental results was about 86%, which shows the validity of the proposed system.

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Borgmann, B., M. Hebel, M. Arens, and U. Stilla. "INFORMATION ACQUISITION ON PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENTS IN URBAN TRAFFIC WITH A MOBILE MULTI-SENSOR SYSTEM." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B2-2021 (June 28, 2021): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b2-2021-131-2021.

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Abstract. This paper presents an approach which combines LiDAR sensors and cameras of a mobile multi-sensor system to obtain information about pedestrians in the vicinity of the sensor platform. Such information can be used, for example, in the context of driver assistance systems. In the first step, our approach starts by using LiDAR sensor data to detect and track pedestrians, benefiting from LiDAR’s capability to directly provide accurate 3D data. After LiDAR-based detection, the approach leverages the typically higher data density provided by 2D cameras to determine the body pose of the detected pedestrians. The approach combines several state-of-the-art machine learning techniques: it uses a neural network and a subsequent voting process to detect pedestrians in LiDAR sensor data. Based on the known geometric constellation of the different sensors and the knowledge of the intrinsic parameters of the cameras, image sections are generated with the respective regions of interest showing only the detected pedestrians. These image sections are then processed with a method for image-based human pose estimation to determine keypoints for different body parts. These keypoints are finally projected from 2D image coordinates to 3D world coordinates using the assignment of the original LiDAR points to a particular pedestrian.

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Zhou, Wei, Xuan Yang, and Hua Yang. "Dynamics Simulation of Sounding Rocket Water Landing Recovery with Fluid-Structure Interaction Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 470 (December 2013): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.470.220.

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This paper presents the water landing dynamics simulation of a sounding rocket, obtaining dynamics characteristics of the interaction between the rocket payload module, the floatation airbag and the water. Using an explicit nonlinear dynamic finite element code, the model contains Lagrangian shell elements for rocket payload, membrane elements for the airbag and Eulerian elements for the water. The Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) technology is employed in the computation by transferring forces on nodes of coupling surfaces. In the paper, two landing attitudes are analyzed and compared. After analyzing dynamic response of airbag under different operating conditions, the minimum size is concluded. This dynamics simulation builds the foundation for the Engineering Model of the recovery system.

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KAMEMOTO, Eiji, and Koichi YONEMOTO. "A-17 Development of Airbag System for Experimental Winged Rocket." Proceedings of Conference of Kyushu Branch 2016.69 (2016): 31–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekyushu.2016.69.31.

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Behera, B. K., and Y. Goyal. "Artificial Neural Network System for the Design of Airbag Fabrics." Journal of Industrial Textiles 39, no. 1 (March 18, 2009): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083708093335.

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Do, Sydney, and Olivier de Weck. "A personal airbag system for the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle." Acta Astronautica 81, no. 1 (December 2012): 239–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2012.06.022.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Airbag system for pedestrians'

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