Journal articles: 'Airbag'

1

R, Aakash. "Numerical Simulation of Airbag and Study on the Effect of Airbag Parameters on Head Injury Criteria." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 9 (2021): 1654–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38247.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract: In the case of an accident, inflatable restraints system plays a critical role in ensuring the safety of vehicle occupants. Frontal airbags have saved 44,869 lives, according to research conducted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA).Finite element analysis is extremely important in the research and development of airbags in order to ensure optimum protection for occupant. In this work, we simulate a head impact test with a deploying airbag and investigate the airbag's parameters. The airbag's performance is directly influenced by the parameters of the cushion such as vent area and fabric elasticity. The FEM model is analysed to investigate the influence of airbag parameter, and the findings are utilised to determine an optimal value that may be employed in the construction of better occupant safety systems. Keywords: airbag, finite element method, occupant safety, frontal airbag, vent size, fabric elasticity, head injury criteria

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Chen, Ge, and Jia Lu Li. "Influence of Different Airbag Fabrics on Airbag Performance." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 1053–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.1053.

Full text

Abstract:

Because of the performance and cost, airbags are mainly made of coated or uncoated Nylon 66 fabrics. Different airbags, which use different fabrics, vary in the inflation and expansion of the airbag and the protecting function on vehicle occupants. Based on HIC drawn from pendulum impact tests conducted with 45L airbags, the paper analyses influence of some special critical characteristics of airbag fabrics into the performance of airbags. The results show that the weight and the air permeability are the main factors that influence protecting function of airbag. Under the condition of enough fabric strength, light and thin fabric is more preferable in making airbags.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Saunders, James E., William H. Slattery, and William M. Luxford. "Automobile Airbag Impulse Noise: Otologic Symptoms in Six Patients." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 118, no. 2 (1998): 228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(98)80021-1.

Full text

Abstract:

Automobile airbag safety systems have successfully reduced the number of occupant injuries from motor vehicle accidents. Unfortunately, airbags are also associated with some inherent risk, including a high-amplitude, short-duration noise from airbag deployment. A review of the available research in the automobile industry indicates that the peak amplitude of this noise may exceed 170 dB sound pressure level. Despite the increasingly wide application of airbags in automobiles, there have been no previous reports of airbag-related otologic injuries. We have encountered six patients with otologic symptoms that appear to be related to airbag impulse noise. Five of these patients have documented hearing loss, one patient reported persistent tinnitus, and two patients have significant dysequilibrium. Although permanent hearing loss from airbag noise appears to be rare, temporary threshold shifts are probably much more common. It is important, therefore, that the clinician be aware of the noise associated with airbag inflation and the possibility of acoustic trauma from these safety devices.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Govindarajan, Raghav, Gustavo Ferrer, Laurence A. Smolley, Eduardo Araujo Oliveira, and Franck Rahaghi. "Airbag Pneumonitis." Case Reports in Medicine 2010 (2010): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/498569.

Full text

Abstract:

The widespread and mandatory use of airbags has resulted in various patterns of injuries and complications unique to their use. Airbags have been implicated in a spectrum of pulmonary conditions ranging from exacerbation of asthma, reactive airway diseases to new onset asthma. We report a case of inhalational chemical pneumonitis that developed after exposure to the airbag fumes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

De Fretes, Eliza R., Helly S. Lainsamputty, and R. Iriawan. "ANALISIS TEKANAN ANGIN AIRBAG SAAT PELUNCURAN KAPAL." ALE Proceeding 5 (October 17, 2022): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/ale.5.2022.25-29.

Full text

Abstract:

Penurunan kapal dengan metode airbag memiliki potensi risiko yang besar terhadap dampak pada kerusakan kapal. Hal tersebut dapat dibuktikan dengan masih adanya kecelakaan penurunan kapal dengan metode airbag. Pada kapal monohull (lambung tunggal), posisi airbag dan tekanan angin pada airbag sangat mempengaruhi posisi kapal saat peluncuran agar posisi kapal tetap stabil dan tidak mengalami kondisi kritis seperti tipping, dropping dan stern lift. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berapa besar tekanan angin yang harus dimasukkan saat peluncuran kapal monohull dengan menggunakan airbag dan menganalisa tekanan angin setiap airbag . Penelitian ini dilakukan secara eksperimental di Laboratorium Slipway Fakultas Teknik Universitas Pattimura pada kapal sebenarnya. Peluncuran periode pertama, tekanan angin pada airbag (F1) adalah 0,66 lebih besar dari nilai F3 yaitu 0,62 dengan besar tekanan angin pada airbag 0,24 bar di airbag pertama. Periode kedua mulai dari buritan kapal menyentuh air hingga lambung kapal memasuki air dengan nilai momen gaya apung total terhadap ujung depan airbag kapal memiliki nilai 3,444 Nm dan nilai momen berat kapal terhadap ujung depan airbag adalah 154,753 Ton meter dan besar tekanan angin 0,24 bar pada airbag kedua sampai keempat. Periode ketiga seluruh lambung kapal masuk air hingga airbag terakhir dapat tekanan air dengan nilai momen gaya apung total terhadap ujung depan airbag bernilai 18,892 Nm dan pada tahap empat 90,220 Nm dan nilai momen berat kapal terhadap ujung depan airbag pada kapal dengan nilai 154,753 Ton meter dan besar tekanan angin 0,175 bar di airba, lima dan enam. Periode keempat mulai airbag mendapat tekanan air hingga seluruh airbag terlepas dengan nilai momen gaya apung total terhadap ujung depan airbag memiliki nilai 90,21966639 Nm dan nilai momen berat kapal terhadap ujung depan airbag pada kapal yaitu 154,7527366 Ton meter dan besar tekanan angin 0,375 bar di airbag enam dan 0,175 bar pada airbag tujuh dan delapan.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Shao, Xiang Xin, and Mu Jun Xie. "An Automotive Airbag Detection Method Based on Image Processing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 416-417 (September 2013): 1350–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.416-417.1350.

Full text

Abstract:

The development of the automobile industry led to the development of auto parts, and airbags are one of the most important safety components of cars. In this paper, to meet the shortfall of traditional way of using a dial indicator to detect airbags deficiencies, a new automotive airbag shape detection methods based on image processing technology is put forward. First, extract the airbags image edge information using the method of boundary tracking, then detect whether airbags are qualified according to the similarity of image invariant moment. Experiments confirmed this method can improve the range and accuracy of the airbag detection.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Li, Yu-Ru, Shou-Ne Xiao, Jun-Ke Xie, et al. "Influence of Cord Parameters on the Load Characteristics of Airbags." Shock and Vibration 2021 (September 22, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8670882.

Full text

Abstract:

To accurately characterize the large deformation and nonlinear characteristics of airbags, the influence of cord parameters on vertical force characteristics was studied, and a finite-element simulation model of airbags based on gas-solid coupling was established. First, uniaxial tension and compression experiments with airbag under different initial pressures were carried out to analyse the effects of the initial pressure and working height on the mechanical properties of the airbag. Second, the validity of the model was verified by the test data of the vertical force and cavity pressure of the airbag. Finally, based on the gas-solid coupling model proposed, the influence of the cord parameters on the vertical force characteristics was studied. The results show that the vertical force characteristics of an airbag are different between compression and tension and the nonlinear characteristic of the airbag becomes more obvious with the increase in the displacement in compression. After comparing the effects of cord parameters on the vertical force of the airbag, we can conclude that the number of cord layers has the most significant effect on the vertical force, followed by the cord diameter, while other cord parameters have a general effect. Under the same compression and tension displacements (d = ±80 mm), the effective area of 1 cord layer is 2.56 times as much as the effective area of 6 cord layers and the vertical force of the airbag with a cord diameter of 0.25 mm is 7.28 times greater than that of the corresponding vertical force with a cord diameter of 1.0 mm. The airbag with different cord angles shows differences in the working state of compression and tension, especially in compression. The force of the airbag at 90° cord angle gradually exceeds the force at other angles with an increase in displacement. The difference in the load at different working states of compression and tension is useful.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Shakouri, Ehsan, and Alimohammad Mobini. "Airbag deployment: Infrared thermography and evaluation of thermal damage." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 233, no. 4 (2019): 424–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954411919832038.

Full text

Abstract:

The performance of airbag and its deployment are based on a fast exothermic-chemical reaction. The hot gas resulting from the chemical reaction which results in airbag deployment can cause thermal damage and skin burning for the car passenger. The thermal burns due to airbags are of two types: burns due to direct contact with the airbag surface and burns resulting from exposure to the hot gas leaving the deflation vents of the airbag. In this research, for experimental study of the burns resulting from exposure of the skin to airbag, using infrared thermography, the extent of temperature rise of the airbag surface was detected and measured from the zero moment of its inflation. Next, using Henriques equation, the extent of thermal damage caused by airbag deployment and its resulting burn degree was calculated. The results indicated that during the inflation of airbag, the maximum temperature of its surface can be 92 °C ± 2 °C. Furthermore, if the vehicle’s safety system functions within the predicted time intervals, the risk of thermal damage is virtually zero. However, if even a slight delay occurs in detachment of the passenger’s head and face off the airbag, second- and third-degree burns could develop.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Chen, Ge, and Jia Lu Li. "The Design of a Pendulum Impact Test Device for Airbag Performance." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 1188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.1188.

Full text

Abstract:

A low cost, high reliability pendulum impact device is designed and set up with a gas generator and inflator, and a real deploy test is conducted with 45L drive airbags made of Nylon 66. The interaction between the dummy pendulum and the airbag in this simulation is recorded to observe and study the impact and injury to human body. The HIC is calculated and taken as an important basis for the evaluation of airbag performance. This test can also be used on the study and optimization of airbag fabrics.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

M.F., Popa, and Parlica I. "Injury caused by airbag VS. injuries associated with airbag deploys." ARS Medica Tomitana 20, no. 1 (2014): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/arsm-2014-0004.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Implementation of airbags systems in motor vehicles designed to transport of persons led in time to a significant decrease of the rate of death among passengers involved in car accidents. However airbag systems are not harmless, it produces lesions that vary in intensity depending on many factors. But decidedly, we can meet injuries associated with the triggering of the airbag system. Therefore, it must be made a clear difference between the two types of injuries, this being particularly important in terms of medico-legal especially regarding the mechanism of injury.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Lee, DH, TU Park, and CW Kim. "Haemopericardium and Liver Laceration Associated with Airbag Deployment." Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine 16, no. 4 (2009): 242–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102490790901600408.

Full text

Abstract:

Airbags and seat belts are safety devices in automobiles. First invented in the 1950s, they are now commonplace in most automobiles. However, a seat occupant may sustain unexpected injuries even if the airbag deploys in a car collision. We describe a patient who was suspected of simultaneously sustaining haemopericardium and liver laceration during the “punch out” and “membrane force” phases of airbag deployment. The patient's vital signs stabilised after an emergency pericardiocentesis was performed. In a car accident when high-energy injury is suspected despite airbag deployment, computed tomography of the chest and abdomen or echocardiography should be considered because of the possibility of abdominal solid organ and chest injury.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

N. E. Fouda, Mohammed, and Ahlam Almaged. "Airbag Fatality: A Case Report From the Kingdom of Bahrain." Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences and Forensic Medicine 4, no. 1 (2022): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26735/doke5195.

Full text

Abstract:

The main purpose of Airbags installed in automotives is to protect drivers as well as accompanying passengers during an accident. Despite their safety benefits, a considerable number of airbag-associated injuries are reported in the literature. Airbags are designed to open in head-on collisions when vehicle deceleration exceeds a specified threshold. Defective airbags deployment with metal projectiles launching and hitting passenger’s head or neck have been reported. Deaths from defective airbags are rarely reported in the Middle East. This article presents a case in the Kingdom of Bahrain of a driver whose car was in a head-on collision with another car resulting in in severe head trauma and death at the scene. Death scene investigation revealed that a fire has originated from the airbag compartment with a cylindrical metallic object found missing a part of it. Autopsy of the deceased showed an injury to the right side of the head similar to a firearm inlet. Examination of the head revealed a cylindrical metal object that did not resemble firearm projectiles. The object appeared to have come from the interior of the car upon impact. Laboratory analysis confirmed that the two metallic objects recovered from the deceased’s body were actually the broken pieces of airbag compartment. each other. Although airbags have greatly reduced morbidity and mortality in road traffic accidents, defective airbags highlight the need to increase awareness of their hazards and the importance of their regular inspection and replacement if found defective

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Renson, Audrey, Brynne Musser, Finn D. Schubert, and Marc A. Bjurlin. "Seatbelt use is associated with lower risk of high-grade hepatic injury in motor vehicle crashes in a national sample." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 72, no. 8 (2018): 746–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2018-210437.

Full text

Abstract:

BackgroundSeatbelt use, alone and in conjunction with an airbag, is associated with lower risk of mortality, blunt abdominal trauma and kidney injury in motor vehicle crashes (MVCs). However, the effect of these protective devices on risk of severe liver injury is not well characterised.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included patient admissions with liver injuries from MVCs from the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB), collected from 2010 to 2015 in the USA. We examined associations between injury severity and seatbelt use and airbag presence individually and in the presence of additive interaction. Secondary outcomes were mortality, complications and discharge disposition.ResultsWe analysed 55 543 records from the National Trauma Data Bank. In adjusted analysis, seatbelt use alone was protective against severe (AAST VI or above) hepatic injury (risk ratio (RR) 0.79, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.84), while airbag presence alone was not (RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.8 to 1.12). The joint association of seatbelt use and airbag presence with injury severity was greater than seatbelts alone (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.79), with 13% of the joint lower risk attributable to interaction (95% CI 3% to 24%). The adjusted mortality risk of those without protective devices (10.3%, n=2297) was nearly double that of patients who used a seatbelt in conjunction with a present airbag (5.3%, n=699, p<0.001).ConclusionsSeatbelts are associated with lower liver injury severity and are more protective with airbags present, while airbags without seatbelt use were not protective against severe injury among patients with liver injury.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Shirzadi, Hooman, Hassan Zohoor, and Sadegh Naserkhaki. "Biomechanical simulation of eye-airbag impacts during vehicle accidents." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 232, no. 7 (2018): 699–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954411918778063.

Full text

Abstract:

Airbags are safety devices in vehicles effectively suppressing passengers’ injuries during accidents. Although there are still many cases of eye injuries reported due to eye-airbag impacts in recent years. Biomechanical approaches are now feasible and can considerably help experts to investigate the issue without ethical concerns. The eye-airbag impact–induced stresses/strains in various components of the eye were found to investigate the risk of injury in different conditions (impact velocity and airbag pressure). Three-dimensional geometry of the eyeball, fat and bony socket as well as the airbag were developed and meshed to develop a finite element model. Nonlinear material properties of the vitreous body and sclera were found through the in vitro tests on ovine samples and for the other components were taken from the literature. The eye collided the airbag due to the velocity field in the dynamic explicit step in Abaqus. Results of compression tests showed a nonlinear curve for vitreous body with average ultimate stress of 22 (18–25) kPa. Tensile behavior of sclera was viscoelastic nonlinear with ultimate stresses changing from 2.51 (2.3–2.7) to 4.3 (4–4.6) MPa when loading strain rate increased from 10 to 600 mm/min. Sclera, ciliary body, cornea and lens were the eye components with highest stresses (maximum stress reached up to 9.3 MPa). Cornea, retina and choroid experienced the highest strains with the maximum up to 14.1%. According to the previously reported injury criteria for cornea, it was at high risk of injury considering both stress and strains. Reduced pressure of the airbag was beneficial decreased stress of all components. Comprehensive investigations in this area can disclose biomechanical behavior of the eye during eye-airbag impact. Effective guidelines can be drawn for airbag design for instance the airbag pressure which reduces risk of eye injury.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Hurst, W. J., J. M. Cormier, J. D. Stitzel, et al. "A new methodology for investigating airbag-induced skin abrasions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 219, no. 5 (2005): 599–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440705x11158.

Full text

Abstract:

Although airbags have been shown to reduce the incidence of life-threatening injuries, they have increased the risk of minor injuries such as those to the skin. Based on the distribution of injuries that can be directly attributed to the airbag itself, it is believed that shear loading exists as a mechanism for these skin injuries. The purpose of this study was to develop a new methodology designed to assess the injury potential from different types of airbag with respect to shear loading. This new methodology utilized a high-speed impactor to accelerate the airbag fabric past a sample of skin. Contact normal forces were monitored by the use of pressure sensors, and fabric velocity was determined from a high-speed video. The abraded skin samples were analysed using light microscopic analysis and ultraviolet light source photography. A new abrasion rating method was developed called the total abrasion score, which allows for quantifiable differentiation between the abrasions caused by different airbag fabric and seam types.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

O’Donovan, Siobhan, Corinna van den Heuvel, Matthew Baldock, and Roger W. Byard. "Injuries, death and vehicle airbag deployment." Medicine, Science and the Law 60, no. 2 (2020): 147–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025802419892392.

Full text

Abstract:

Airbags are impact-activated safety devices which deploy from the interior of vehicles to protect occupants from trauma during crashes. Although airbags effectively reduce the risk of death and injury, this it is not without issues. For example, high-impact unbelted rigid-barrier testing in the USA led to the adoption of powerful, large airbags that were associated with numerous airbag-related deaths and injuries. In contrast, European designs were tested and certified in conjunction with the use of three-point restraint systems, meaning that the airbags could be smaller with reduced ‘punch-out’ power. An overview is provided of the mechanism of action of airbags and the associated non-lethal and lethal injuries that may be sustained by vehicle occupants.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Tamura, Toshiyo, and Takumi Yosimura. "Tools for the Care of Elderly People Applying Information and Communications Technology to Fall Risk Assessment." Advances in Science and Technology 96 (October 2014): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.96.73.

Full text

Abstract:

Assistive devices have been used to improve the quality of life in elderly society, and information and communication technology (ICT) and robotics have been applied extensively to this end. Falls are a common problem and fall risk assessments are created. This study involved assessment related to an application of information technology. First, to monitor and record falls during daily activities, wearable inertial sensors were used . The threshold of acceleration was used to detect falls. To prevent injury during falls, we also developed a wearable airbag system using an accelerometer, angular velocity, and airbags. The subjects wore the airbag vest with a motion detection belt. When the subject fell, the combination of acceleration and angular velocity signals detected the fall and inflated the airbag.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Tenofsky, Patty L., Scott W. Porter, and John W. Shaw. "Fatal Airway Compromise Due to Retropharyngeal Hematoma after Airbag Deployment." American Surgeon 66, no. 7 (2000): 692–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313480006600719.

Full text

Abstract:

In trauma patients it is possible for a hematoma to form in the potential space between the pharynx and cervical spine (the retropharyngeal space). Fewer than 30 cases of actual airway obstruction secondary to retropharyngeal hematomas have been reported. We present an unusual case of an elderly woman who was involved in a minor motor vehicle collision which deployed her airbag. She died as a result of anoxic injury to the brain. Autopsy results demonstrated transverse fractures through the bodies of C5 and C7 with associated significant retropharyngeal and mediastinal hematoma. Airbags have been shown to significantly decrease the mortality rate in frontal collisions; however, the potential for hyperextension injuries from airbag deployment exists, especially if the occupant is unrestrained, small, or sitting too close to the airbag. When this woman's airbag deployed, it most likely caused her vertebral fractures, hematoma, subsequent airway compromise, and anoxic brain injury. Whatever the mechanism of trauma, one must be cognizant of the potential risk for retropharyngeal hematoma and airway compromise when a patient presents with injury to the cervical spine.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Lee, Swee Kei, and Nawal Aswan Abdul Jalil. "Lateral Collision with Side Airbag: A Literature Review." Applied Mechanics and Materials 564 (June 2014): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.564.48.

Full text

Abstract:

The paper presents a literature review of the efficacy of side passive safety in the event of lateral collision and the latest development of side airbag. According to the latest Global Status Report on Road Safety 2013, the total number of death every year due to road accident still maintained in a huge number of 1.24 million. Malaysia is one of the countries having highest estimated road traffic death rate of 25 per 100,000 populations. Moreover, 5% growth annually of fatalities rate forecasted. In general, lateral collision or side impact is the second most common vehicle crash type which takes almost 10,000 occupant deaths each year. Side airbags were introduced into vehicle firstly in 1995 in order to improve occupants injury. It is statically proven that combination of head with thorax side airbag is very effective in reducing occupants fatalities rate, however thorax only airbag is less significant. With the aid from Computer Aided Engineer (CAE) software, designer can further improve airbag design and optimize its performance in order to find the best combination of design parameter such as of area of air vent, Time-To-Fire (TTF), operating pressure of the inflator gas and many more, while design cycle time can be reduced significantly up to 40%. Nevertheless, people are afraid that side airbag deployment load may hurt children and small size female seated in Out-Of-Position (OOP). Researcher could resolve it by adopting the latest Computer Fluid Design (CFD) airbag simulation technique which have a better simulation result of OOP load, since CFD method provide more realistic airbag deployment simulations especially in the first few milliseconds which are significant in OOP test.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Ahmad, Y., K. A. Abu Kassim, M. H. Md Isa, and S. Mustaffa. "Comparing Occupant Injury in Vehicles Equipped with and without Frontal Airbag." Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia 1, no. 1 (2017): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.56381/jsaem.v1i1.8.

Full text

Abstract:

Most vehicle structures have been designed to withstand crash impact during an accident. The front area of the vehicle will crumple to absorb crash energy while the passenger compartment remains intact to protect the occupant inside. In addition, restraint system inclusive of airbag and seatbelts has been integrated in vehicles to further enhance the occupant's protection. However, in certain cases, the airbag is removed due to cost saving by car manufacturers. Although the frontal airbags have been removed, the structure remains the same. This can be observed from the crash tests conducted by ASEAN NCAP on two variants of the same car model which are fitted with and without airbags, where the cars obtained two different rating. This case study compares and presents occupant injuries for both variants.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Wang, Xiao Dong, Zhi Gang Guo, Wei Zhang, and Rui Sun. "Coordinated Control in Agent of Automotive Airbag Roll Device." Applied Mechanics and Materials 533 (February 2014): 307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.533.307.

Full text

Abstract:

Airbags tension as an important part of quality assurance which is produced in the airbag roll debice. In this paper, an adaptive reinforcement learning method ,which is based on Agent ,is used to achieve real-time coordination of two servo motor. The results show that the system has a good dynamic and static characteristics, and which can ensure the constant tension of the airbags and product quality.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Skibba, Kathryn, Chelsea Cleveland, and Derek Bell. "823 Airbag Burns: An Unnecessary Consequence of Motor Vehicle Safety." Journal of Burn Care & Research 41, Supplement_1 (2020): S250—S251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/iraa024.399.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Introduction Over 7,500 Americans are injured by motor vehicle crashes every day and air bags save an estimated 2,790 lives per year.6,7 All vehicles are mandated to have airbags installed. The ubiquity of airbags has shown a surge in airbag related injuries including abrasions, contusions, lacerations, burns, fractures, and retinal detachment.1,3 Methods A retrospective review of all patients evaluated by the burn service was performed from 5/1/2015-4/30/2019. Inclusion criteria was patients of all ages with burn injuries resulting from airbag deployment. Demographic data and burn characteristics were reviewed. Results A total of seventeen patients met inclusion criteria: 82.4% female, 17.6% male. The average age was 40.4 years. No patients required hospitalization for their burn care. Etiology of the burn was often not clinically distinguishable; six patients were categorized as chemical burns and three from thermal injury. The remaining eight patients had unspecified etiology. Fifteen patients had second degree and two had third degree burns. The average TBSA for all patients was 0.45%. Burn location: ten hand or wrist; six arm, two chest, one neck, and anterior thigh burn. Eight patients suffered burns to more than one site. All patients were able to heal from their burns with wound care; no patients required surgical intervention. The average time to re-epithelialization was 11 days. Conclusions There is no question about the efficacy of airbags in preventing death and serious injury. However, the current mechanism of airbag deployment is intrinsically hazardous to passengers as it releases hot gases and alkaline substance into the cabin. The clinical manifestation of the burn may not distinguish whether it was a chemical or thermal etiology, as seen in 47% of our patients. If there is a suspicion for burn resulting from an airbag, the wound should be copiously irrigated and treated as though there is alkali chemical contamination. The average wound size was small at 0.45% TBSA. Most wounds were determined to be second degree and all were able to heal without surgical intervention. The most common area burned was the hands or upper extremity (88%). Airbag related burns should not be minimized as they cause pain, scarring, and a financial and time burden to the patient. Applicability of Research to Practice It is important to recognize and properly treat burns related to airbag deployment. If etiology of the burn is in question, the wound should be irrigated copiously as it may be caused by chemical contamination.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Bao, Shanjun, Zhigang Zhang, Zhoulong Yuan, Jiancheng Wang, Qianhao Yu, and Zhen Liu. "Effects of Floating Airbag on Cable Hydrodynamic Behaviors: An Experimental Study." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 3 (2022): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10030402.

Full text

Abstract:

The development of an offshore island presented a need to construct an electricity grid with the laying of submarine cable. The floating airbag is a useful tool for cable construction, especially during landing. The effects of these airbags on cable hydrodynamic behaviors were investigated in this study. Regular wave conditions with various airbag intervals and cable masses were employed in wave flume tests. The vertical displacements and tensions of the cable under different test conditions were investigated. It was found that the peak values of the displacement amplitudes and tensions were obtained during the cable landing phase.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Ludwig, Erne, and Schmid. "Are Airbags Dangerous?" Swiss Surgery 5, no. 2 (1999): 83–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1023-9332.5.2.83.

Full text

Abstract:

Several articles have shown that airbags are not without danger. A brief overview of the literature shows their impact on motor vehicle collisions. Several criteria of severity are listed to avoid underestimating airbag-crash patients with a "no crash" look.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Ionut Radu, Alexandru, Corneliu Cofaru, Bogdan Tolea, and Dragoş Dima. "Study regarding the influence of airbag deployment time on the occupant injury level during a frontal vehicle collision." MATEC Web of Conferences 184 (2018): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818401007.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of this paper was to analyse the influence of airbag deployment delay upon the head of the occupant in the case of frontal collision using simulations in PC Crash and MADYMO dummy as the occupant. The study will also take into account the pretension delay of the seat-belt which is activated along with the airbag. Frontal airbags on both the passenger and the driver were analysed including the occupant kinematics during the collision. Also, to validate the simulation, a comparison was done with a real crash test. We predict that by increasing the delay of deployment, the head acceleration will increase due to the fact the head travels close to the instrument panel/steering wheel, and the force of the airbag will generate a significant acceleration upon the head. To better assess the potential injury of the occupant, the head injury criteria (HIC) will be calculated and correlated with the Abbreviated injury scale (AIS) code.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Wang, Xiao Dong, Hong Zhe Zhang, and Hui Chen. "Development of Contour Size Detection System of Driver Airbag." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 632–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.632.

Full text

Abstract:

A new detection system has been designed and developed for detecting the contour size of automobile driver airbag. The detection system is mainly composed of a CCD camera, optical system and a computer which can implement image processing and image recognition. This system uses a CCD sensor as its sensitive element, as well as the basic principle of image processing combined with image segmentation and template matching to determine whether the contour size of airbag is qualified. The experimental results show that the system improves the detecting precision, and speed of assembling automobile airbags. It also solves the problems of a heavy workload by manual operations, inaccurate judgments and low efficiency.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Špička, Jan, Tomasz Bońkowski, Luděk Hynčík, and Alojz Hanuliak. "Assessment of Nanobag as a New Safety System in the Frontal Sled Test." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (2022): 989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12030989.

Full text

Abstract:

Objective: The future mobility challenges lead to considering new safety systems to protect vehicle passengers in non-standard and complex seating configurations. The objective of this study is to assess the performance of a brand new safety system called nanobag and to compare it to traditional airbag performance in the frontal sled test scenario. Methods: The nanobag technology is assessed in the frontal crash test scenario and compared with the standard airbag by numerical simulation. The previously identified material model is used to assemble the nanobag numerical model. The paper exploits an existing validated human body model to assess the performance of the nanobag safety system. Using both the new nanobag and the standard airbag, the sled test numerical simulations with the variation of human bodies were performed in 30 km/h and 50 km/h frontal impacts. Results: The sled test results for both the nanobag and the standard airbag based on injury criteria show a good and acceptable performance of the nanobag safety system compared to the traditional airbag. Conclusions: The results show that the nanobag system’s performance is comparable to the standard airbag’s, which means that, thanks to the design, the nanobag safety system has high potential and an extended application for multi-directional protection against impact.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Zhou, Jie, Wanqiang Li, and Hong Hu. "Design for Bedridden Elderly: Presenting Pressure Ulcer Product Design Based on Anthropometric Characteristics." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (July 30, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4895038.

Full text

Abstract:

Pressure ulcers are a type of injury that causes tissue ischemia, a deficiency of nutrition and oxygen to the tissues, and, eventually, tissue necrosis when an area of skin is placed under constant pressure for an extended length of time. With the acceleration of the aging process, the problem of providing care for pressure ulcers for the bedridden elderly becomes increasingly urgent. This study conducts a field survey based on the research status of 221 disabled elderly in 16 communities on 7 typical streets in Beijing, focusing on the problem of pressure ulcer complications caused by bedridden. An automatic inflatable airbag mattress is designed according to anthropometric dimensions of bedridden elderly, pressure ulcer-prone areas, and the decompression standard, so that the airbag mattress can reduce the pressure in its initial shape. To achieve accurate control of the pressure in the pressure-prone areas of an airbag, air pressure control system is proposed which can control airbags individually and link multiple airbags, evaluating the safety of pressure ulcer points based on the data from sensors and making corresponding air pressure changes to reduce the possibility of generating pressure ulcers. The proposed pressure ulcer preventing system will be an efficient healthcare tool for families who had elderly bedridden patients, patients with chronic degenerative disease side effects, and terminal and postsurgical patients, as well as femur fractures, in their homes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Li, Liang Chun, and Gang Huang. "Theory Model for Ameliorative Airbag Based on Precision Airdrop." Applied Mechanics and Materials 200 (October 2012): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.200.3.

Full text

Abstract:

Analyzed the ameliorative landing cushion airbag’s structure and cushion theory based on precision airdrop. Built its physics model and mathematics model using thermodynamics and engineering mechanics methods. Established the correlativity of the structural parameters. And then, validate the cushioning effect of the ameliorative airbag by computing the example. Summarized the analyzing and computing theories which to reduce the acceleration peak-value by ameliorating the structure of airbag, which offered a new route and theoretical basis for improving the precision airdrop security of dangerous and frangible goods.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Almeida, Francisco Aécio, Bobbak Vahid, Taine T. V. Pechet, Peter J. Costantini, and John L. Farber. "Lung injury after airbag deployment: Airbag lung." Injury Extra 37, no. 5 (2006): 181–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2005.11.001.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

YANG, WEN-CHIEH, GERALD LIU, CHU-LUNG WU, KUO-CHIH SU, and CHIH-HAN CHANG. "DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF AN AIRBAG BRACE SYSTEM FOR IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS SUBJECTS." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 14, no. 02 (2014): 1450021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519414500213.

Full text

Abstract:

There are disadvantages, especially from biomechanical viewpoint, to treating idiopathic scoliosis (IS) patients using traditional Boston braces with pressure pads. The major problem is the higher stiffness of the pressure pad as compared to the soft-tissue of the trunk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Boston braces in which the pressure pad was replaced by the deformable airbag. A custom-made airbag brace which was designed based on the three-point compression principle of the Boston brace was prescribed to each of the 20 IS subjects with a mean age of 11.8 ± 2.8 years old. To evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment, the scoliosis Cobb angles before the treatment and after a follow-up period were measured from AP X-rays. The mean follow-up period was 11.5 ± 6.6 months. In addition, three interface parameters — contact pressure, contact area, and contact force — under seven postures — upright, flexion, extension, left side bending, right side bending, left side rotation and right side rotation — were measured using pressure mats to investigate interface conditions between airbags and skin. During the follow-up, all scoliosis curves showed Cobb angle reduction except one thoracic curve, which increased by one degree. The Cobb angle in the thoracic region decreased from 37.3 ± 10.6° to 27.3 ± 10.1° with a mean decreasing of 9.9 ± 5.9°. The Cobb angle in the lumbar region decreased from 30.1 ± 6.9° to 17.7 ± 8.6° with a mean decreasing of 12.4 ± 4.9°. Changes in the three interface parameters for the seven postures were insignificant. This indicated that the airbag brace could provide sufficient continuous corrective force. Using the airbag, instead of the pressure pad to provide the corrective force in the brace system can effectively correct the spinal curve caused by scoliosis. Easy adjustment and direct control of airbag pressure might be the key factor to the success of the airbag brace.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Vidyasagar, K. E. Ch, and Ravi Varma N. "Impact on Eye During Air Bag Crash Using Finite Element Analysis." International Journal of Systems Applications, Engineering & Development 16 (March 10, 2022): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/91015.2022.16.9.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper focuses on the eye injuries related to airbags during frontal crashes of motor vehicles. This investigation will address the deformation of the eye part during the impact. The objectives of this work are to observe the behaviour of the eye during the impact, and also try to analysis the simulated stresses and strains to clinically observed injuries. Two eye models were generated by using Finite Element (FE) modelling software (ANSYS v9.0) with identical geometry. Airbag geometry is added to both models and transient dynamic analysis was performed on both the models to simulate impact with the eye. Initial velocity was assigned to the eye models to move towards the airbag and analysis of the eye deformation during the impact at various locations was conducted.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Chen, Ge, and Jia Lu Li. "Prediction of Lifetime of Nylon 66 as an Airbag Material." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 1709–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.1709.

Full text

Abstract:

Through the earlier accelerated aging tests (oven aging) of Nylon 66 yarns used in automobile airbags at the temperatures ranging from 60°C to 150°C, we have established a dynamics equation of tensile strength and aging time, and predicted the storage lifetime of this material in 25°C based on Arrhenius methodology and extrapolation method. Besides, the activation energy and thermal-oxidative aging parameter of Nylon 66 have been worked out from the test results. The study has showed that Nylon 66 airbag material has great thermal stability at high temperatures, and its storage lifetime under normal temperature is 4 times of its expected lifetime by design. The prediction results can be referenced for planning the service life of SRS or selecting airbag fabrics.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Brad, Raluca, Lavinia Barac, and Remus Brad. "Defect Detection Techniques for Airbag Production Sewing Stages." Journal of Textiles 2014 (February 25, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/738504.

Full text

Abstract:

Airbags are subjected to strict quality control in order to ensure passengers safety. The quality of fabric and sewing thread influences the final product and therefore, sewing defects must be early and accurately detected, in order to remove the item from production. Airbag seams assembly can take various forms, using linear and circle primitives, with threads of different colors and length densities, creating lockstitch or double threads chainstitch. The paper presents a framework for the automatic detection of defects occurring during the airbag sewing stage. Types of defects as skipped stitch, missed stitch, or superimposed seam for lockstitch and two threads chainstitch are detected and marked. Using image processing methods, the proposed framework follows the seams path and determines if a color pattern of the considered stitches is valid.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Li, Yuru, Shoune Xiao, Bing Yang, Tao Zhu, Guangwu Yang, and Shide Xiao. "Study on the influence factors of impact ejection performance for flexible airbag." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 10 (2018): 168781401880733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018807333.

Full text

Abstract:

In order to improve the impact ejection performance of the flexible airbag and to reveal the airbag inflating mechanism, a simulation model was built and verified by carrying out the flexible airbag impact ejection test. Based on this model, the influence of mass flow, compression displacement, and airbag thickness on flexible airbag ejection impact performance were studied. The results show that the ejection velocity of the flexible airbag increases as mass flow increases, but the excessive air mass flow does not improve the impact ejection performance of the airbag. The simulation results also demonstrate that the flexible airbag will oscillate reciprocally after it has no more contact with the moving rigid body and every node in the flexible airbag model has the same oscillating displacement. The analysis of compression displacement shows that it has a significant effect on the improvement of ejection performance. In conclusion, to improve the impact ejection performance of flexible airbag, the mass flow and compression displacement should be changed in a certain scope, which can provide reference for the topological structure design of the flexible airbag.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Sawamura, Daisuke, and Kaoru Umeki. "Airbag Dermatitis." Journal of Dermatology 27, no. 10 (2000): 685–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1346-8138.2000.tb02256.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Dalmotas, D. J., A. German, B. E. Hendrick, and R. M. Hurley. "Airbag Deployments." Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 38, no. 4 (1995): 476–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005373-199504000-00002.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

PÉREZ-CAMARERO, E. R., J. LEZAMA, GARCÍA DE CORTAZAR, et al. "Airbag lesions." European Journal of Emergency Medicine 7, no. 2 (2000): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00063110-200006000-00015.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Ogun, OlufunmilolaAbimbola, SewueseYangi Ikyaa, and GabrielOlabiyi Ogun. "Rethinking airbag safety: Airbag injury causing bilateral blindness." Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology 21, no. 2 (2014): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-9233.129777.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Xiao, Zhi, Li Wang, Fuhao Mo, Siqi Zhao, and Cuina Liu. "Optimal design of pre-triggering airbag system for occupant protection performance during frontal crashes." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 11 (2018): 2850–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018807330.

Full text

Abstract:

With the rapid development of car crash sensing and identification technology, the application of pre-triggering airbag system is becoming an important option to improve vehicle safety. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the injury protection ability of pre-triggering airbag system and optimize its performance in frontal crashes regarding the key physical parameters. A driver restraint system model established and validated by National Crash Analysis Center was employed and validated for studying the injury protection ability of pre-triggering airbag system. Then, the influences of airbag triggering time, airbag volume scaling factor, inflator mass flow, and exhaust orifice size of pre-triggering airbag system on driver’s head and chest injuries were analyzed. Finally, the weighted injury criterion was selected as the evaluation index to optimize the pre-triggering airbag system. The results show the pre-triggering airbag should be designed with a larger airbag volume and inflator mass flow rate and smaller exhaust orifice. The optimized restraint system design presents a reduction of weighted injury criterion values in 100% and 40% overlapped frontal impacts reaching 25.63% and 42.23%, respectively.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

SUH, CHANG-MIN, YOUNG-HOON LEE, and DUCK-YOUNG SUH. "A DESIGN OF THE DRIVER AIRBAG MODULE WITH FLOATING HORN ASSEMBLY." International Journal of Modern Physics B 24, no. 15n16 (2010): 2725–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979210065532.

Full text

Abstract:

The driver airbag system is designed as a supplemental restraint system in addition to the seatbelt, and is designed to protect the driver's head and chest against severe injury by a device that is actuated in case of vehicle's fronted impact. Deployment of an airbag module with floating horn assembly is a highly dynamic process. The concept of driver airbag module with floating horn assembly and aluminum emblem is presented as a useful parameter when the airbag deploys and the energy is evaluated as performance factor in airbag module. Floating horn assembly is also one of the major factors for driver airbag module design to perform its horn function and check the package between driver airbag module and steering wheel. This study on the design of driver airbag module with floating horn assembly proved the feasibility as a new safety device. However, the system level study is needed for decrease of passenger injury. This study can be used for the implementation of a prototype of DABM with floating horn device.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Nabarro, M., and S. Myers. "AIRBAG INJURIES: UPPER LIMB FRACTURES DUE TO AIRBAG DEPLOYMENT." ANZ Journal of Surgery 70, no. 5 (2000): 377–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1622.2000.01831.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Gonsales, A. A. V., R. B. Goncharov, and A. V. Petyukov. "Numerical Simulation of Interaction Between a Passenger Car Airbag and an Anthropomorphic Dummy Model." Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Natural Sciences, no. 4 (103) (August 2022): 4–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/1812-3368-2022-4-4-21.

Full text

Abstract:

The paper considers a finite-element numerical simulation of interaction between an airbag and an anthropomorphic dummy model, presenting a case study of a passenger car subjected to oblique frontal impact, as per UN passive safety Regulation no. 94. A system of conservation equations for mass, impulse and energy forms the basis of the simulation. We used a penalty method as a contact algorithm. We investigated three situations: 1) one including the seat belt and the airbag; 2) one including the belt but not the airbag; 3) one including the airbag without the belt. The airbag simulation took into account the specifics of its deployment process and its position within the steering wheel. The seat belt simulation included simplified models of the retracting and locking devices. The computation results showed that our finite-element numerical simulation of interaction between the airbag and the anthropomorphic dummy model makes assessing the test device injury rate possible; absence of either the seat belt or the airbag may result in death due to oblique frontal impacts; if the design only includes an airbag, collisions between the anthropomorphic dummy model and the interior car parts will not be prevented; a design providing both an airbag and a seat belt meets the basic requirements of UN passive safety Regulation no. 94

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Huang, J., Z. Zhong, L. Hu, and D. Liu. "Modelling and simulation of a sandwiched tube-type airbag and its optimization using design of experiments." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 221, no. 9 (2007): 1089–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto480.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper presents efforts made on the computational modelling, simulation, and optimization of a new type of airbag, namely a sandwiched tube-type airbag, which deploys more rapidly than the traditional airbag using less gas mass inflow and can decrease the risk of head injury of an out-of-position passenger. The airbag is modelled using the finite element method with MADYMO. A static airbag deployment test is performed to support and validate the computational modelling efforts. The considered variables for airbag optimization design are as follows: the collocation of the tether, the length of the tether, the mass flowrate, and the size and location of the vent hole. The simulation is performed using an orthogonal array, within the range of given control levels. Finally, the simulation results are analysed by iSIGHT, and the relationships between the design variables could help to design the airbag cushion.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Noya, M. F., P. S. Rumodar, N. L. T. Thenu, and G. S. Norimarna. "Tinjauan Ekonomis Penggunaan Sistem Airbag Dan Sistem Cradle Pada Proses Pengedokan Kapal Di PT. Dok Dan Per Kapalan Waiame (Persero) Ambon." Journal Teknik Mesin, Elektro, Informatika, Kelautan dan Sains 1, no. 1 (2021): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/metiks.2021.1.1.52-62.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstrak PT. Dok dan perkapalan Waiame Ambon adalah perusahaan reparasi kapal yang memiliki dua fasilitas pengedokan dengan menggunakan sistem airbag dan cradle. Pengamatan di galangan, sistem airbag dilengkapi dengan winch, kompresor dan alat berat (excavator) pada proses docking/undocking kapal sedangkan dengan sistem cradle dilengkapi dengan winch dan operator penyelam pada proses docking kapal. Proses dan waktu docking/undocking baik dengan sistem airbag dan sistem cradle akan berbeda, dengan kondisi ini maka biaya operasional (docking/undocking kapal) perlu diperhitungkan. Biaya operasional docking/undocking kapal dengan sistem airbag sebesar Rp 25.000.000,- dan sistem cradle sebesar Rp 20.000.000,-. Perbedaan biaya operasional dari masing-masing sistem pengedokan ini dapat mempengaruhi biaya operasional docking/undocking kapal pada perusahaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memperoleh nilai ekonomis yang didapat oleh perusahaan dengan menggunakan sistem airbag dan sistem cradle. Penelitian ini melakukan perhitungan meliputi biaya listrik winch, biaya listrik kompresor, biaya operasi alat berat (excavator), biaya operasional (docking/undocking kapal), biaya docking harian dan kebutuhan tenaga kerja. Dari hasil perhitungan diperoleh bahwa biaya pengeluaran untuk sistem airbag dari tahun 2017-2019 sebesar Rp 760.483.125 dan sistem cradle sebesar Rp. 519,091,188, sedangkan pendapatan yang didapat dari sistem airbag sebesar Rp. 3,593,750,000 dan sistem cradle sebesar Rp. 1.728.750.000. Dari hasil di atas pendapatan terbanyak adalah pendapatan sistem airbag di tahun 2019 yaitu 79 %. Hal ini disebabkan karena lama waktu pengedokan pada sistem airbag lebih banyak walaupun jumlah kapal hanya 14. Keuntungan yang diperoleh dengan penggunaan sistem airbag per tiga tahun yaitu tahun 2017-2019 adalah sebesar Rp. 2.833.266.875,- , lebih besar jika dibandingkan dengan keuntungan yang didapat dengan menggunakan sistem cradle sebesar Rp. 1.209.658.812,50. Terlihat jelas bahwa penggunaan sistem airbag lebih menguntungkan.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Zhong, Kun, Zhong Hua Du, Liang Zhou, and Li Li Song. "Numerical Simulation of Intercepting Efficiency on Airbag Active Protection System." Advanced Materials Research 156-157 (October 2010): 360–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.156-157.360.

Full text

Abstract:

Based on the advantages and disadvantages of existing active protection system, this paper proposes a new type of airbag active protection system. The components and working process of the system is introduced. Then taking the physical process of airbag active protection system against a rocket projectile as an example, a 3D finite element model (FEM) of airbag and rocket projectile is set up. With the assistance of the software LS-DYNA3D, through performing the simulation when the rocket projectile touched the airbag with an angle 30° from the normal interface, the intercepting efficiency is calculated and analyzed in the simulation. Results show that airbag can deform and rupture the metal jet generated by the rocket projectile, thus greatly reduce its armor penetrating effect. Finally, it shows excellent protective effect of the airbag active protection system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Chen, Ge, and Jia Lu Li. "Accelerated Test Design of Thermal-Oxidative Aging of Nylon 66 Airbag Material." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 1202–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.1202.

Full text

Abstract:

Accelerated thermal-oxidative aging tests on Nylon 66 automotive airbag material are designed and performed in this paper. After the environmental profile of airbag was analyzed, Nylon 66 airbag yarns were reasonably selected as the test samples, and its tensile strength was chosen as the significant character of their aging stability. By heat aging、humidity aging、cycle ageing and comprehensive process aging experiments, 350dtex Nylon 66 filament were sampled and the tensile strength loss of samples was measured, to determine the mechanisms and factors that influence aging stability of the Nylon 66 airbag materials. The experiment results show that Nylon 66 has excellent aging stability, and that water molecules can accelerate its degradation. The experiment data can be used to predict the airbag lifetime in a benign store environment, and as references in selecting airbag materials.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Ahmad, Zeeshan. "The unassuming danger of car airbags: Injuries secondary to airbag deployment." Injury Extra 42, no. 6 (2011): 69–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2011.03.015.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Gao, Yun, and Xian Heng Zeng. "Analysis and Simulation on Automobile Airbag Compression Test." Applied Mechanics and Materials 380-384 (August 2013): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.380-384.140.

Full text

Abstract:

During the compression test of automobile safety airbag, traditional methods cannot analyze the process with detail, because it takes human, vehicle and airbag as a macrocosm, so it cannot give out the instantaneous diversification. The method of finite element analysis was used to show the detailed process with infinitesimal analysis, with which, precise model is build. The curve of air pressure varies with time, the Volume of airbag varies with time and the Acceleration curve varies with time was analyzed. The outcome showed that this method can analyze the process action of airbag perfectly, and maybe it can guild the improvement of the airbag design.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Sever, Celalettin, Yalcin Kulahci, Sinan Oksuz, and Bilge Kagan Aysal. "Airbag-Related Burns." Journal of Academic Emergency Medicine 12, no. 4 (2013): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/jaem.2011.066.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Airbag'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles