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Journal articles on the topic 'Aircraft carriers in art'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Thakur, Rahul, and K. Vignesh Kumar. "Investigation of the Effect of Ski Jump on the Flow Dynamics around Generic Aircraft Carrier." Defence Science Journal 71, no. 2 (March 10, 2021): 296–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.71.15648.

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The landing operation on an aircraft carrier is a complicated and risky process. Unlike land-based operations, the landing area available on carriers is in continuous motion in all the six degrees of freedom. The ski jump, flight deck, hull, and superstructure of the carrier interact with the oncoming wind’s flow-field which creates a turbulent airflow behind the carrier. This ‘burble effect’ is very dangerous and has caused various mishaps in the past. To complement the work being undertaken at IIT Delhi to study the flow dynamics in the carrier environment, the present study investigates the effect of ski jump and superstructure on the flow around the generic aircraft carrier (GAC). Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies are undertaken to simulate the airwake and establish a baseline with the ski jump. Subsequently, further studies are carried out to analyse the sensitivity of the wake to changes in carrier geometry. The introduction of the ski generates a major proportion of turbulence encountered in the aft by the approaching pilot. This is reduced significantly by optimising ski jump geometry in various ways.

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Boucher, Y., A. Amiez, P. Barillot, C. Chatelard, C. Coudrain, P. Déliot, N. Rivière, T. Rivière, and L. Roupioz. "TERRISCOPE: AN OPTICAL REMOTE SENSING RESEARCH PLATFORM USING AIRCRAFT AND UAS FOR THE CHARACTERIZATION OF CONTINENTAL SURFACES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-1 (September 26, 2018): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-1-65-2018.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> ONERA is developing TERRISCOPE, a new platform to characterize the environment and the continental surfaces by optical remote sensing using manned aircrafts and UAS (Unmanned Airborne System). The objective of TERRISCOPE is to make available to the scientific community combinations of optical measurements remotely sensed with the best level state-of-the-art sensors. Different kinds of sensors have already been acquired or are still being acquired: Hyperspectral sensors (0.5&ndash;2.5<span class="thinspace"></span>&mu;m range), visible high resolution cameras, multispectral infrared cameras and airborne laser scanners. Each sensor is declined in two versions: one high performance for manned aircrafts and one more compact for UAS. This paper describes the whole equipment, and presents the main characteristics and performances of the carriers, the sensors and the processing chain. Possible sensors combinations on airplanes and UAS are also presented, as well as preliminary results.</p>

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Schaal, Nicholas Cody, Maria Majar, and Andrew Hunter. "Sound Level Measurements in Berthing Areas of an Aircraft Carrier." Annals of Work Exposures and Health 63, no. 8 (July 1, 2019): 918–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxz051.

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Abstract Background Personnel assigned to aircraft carriers work and live in environments where hazardous noise areas and hearing recovery spaces such as sleeping areas are in close proximity to one another. Hazardous noise exposure occurring during on-duty time periods and elevated noise levels during off-duty periods in sleeping areas may be prohibiting adequate hearing recovery, thus potentially leading to hearing loss and may lead to adverse effects on sleep, leading to crew-member fatigue. This investigation characterizes Equivalent sound level (Leq) and standardized octave band center frequency noise levels according to berthing (sleeping) area location during flight operation and nonflight operation time periods on a US Navy aircraft carrier. In addition, the investigation compares noise measurements in sleeping areas to noise levels associated with auditory rest and poor sleep quality and quantity. Methods Noise levels were measured in berthing areas aboard a US Navy Nimitz-class aircraft carrier during a routine at-sea period. Sixty noise measurements were taken in eight sleeping locations. Leq in decibels ‘A’ weighted (dBA) and noise levels from 16 to 16 000 Hz in (dB) were measured during flight operations [Leq (flt ops)] and nonflight operations [Leq (nonflt ops)]. Leq was also measured according to sleep area shipboard locations of forward (FWD) Leq (FWD), middle (MID) Leq (MID), and rear (AFT) Leq (AFT). These data were compared to the 70 dBA American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) threshold limit value (TLV) for effective quiet areas. In addition, these data were compared to noise levels associated with hearing loss and sleep parameters. Statistical analysis was conducted with R version 3.5.2 using an alpha level of 0.05. Results Leq (flt ops) in sleeping areas was a statistically significant (P < 0.05) 6.4 dBA higher than the Leq (nonflt ops). Leq (FWD) and Leq (MID) in sleeping areas was a statistically significant (P < 0.05) 15.2 and 15.0 dBA higher, respectively, than the Leq (AFT) noise levels. Mean noise levels at standardized center (1/1) octave bands were highest between 500 and 4000 Hz, ranging from 65.2 to 69.8 dB. A total of 72% of all area Leq measurements exceeded the 70 dBA ACGIH TLV classified as effective quiet to allow for temporary threshold shift recovery. All noise measurements exceeded the World Health Organization’s noise threshold where adverse effects on sleep begin. Discussion/Conclusions Results suggest that sleeping area location in close proximity to relatively high noise sources and activities occurring on an aircraft carrier (i.e. flight operations) increase noise levels in sleeping areas. These findings raise serious concerns since high noise exposures both on duty and during off-duty/sleeping periods may inhibit auditory recovery from hazardous noise exposures. In addition, results suggest noise levels in sleeping areas are high enough to evoke negative sleep effects.

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4

Parkinson, B. W., and K. T. Fitzgibbon. "Aircraft Automatic Landing Systems Using GPS." Journal of Navigation 42, no. 1 (January 1989): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300015083.

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abstractThis paper is based on a presentation made at the IAIN International Navigation Congress held in Sydney, Australia, in February 1988.The global positioning system (GPS) offers a new opportunity for the automation of aircraft landing systems. The position and velocity measurements provided by a state-of-the-art GPS receiver using the C/A code and working in a normal or differential mode (D-GPS) and aided by one or two ground-based PseudoLites (PLS), may be able to satisfy the landing accuracy requirements of the FA A.This paper describes the design and simulation of an aircraft automatic landing system. Aircraft position and velocity are assumed to be measured using a (carrier-tracking) GPS receiver. The hypothesized capability is based on measurements taken at Stanford and elsewhere, using the Trimble 4000SX, five-channel receiver in an integrated-doppler-aiding mode. For some of the autopilot designs, either ground-based GPS transmitters (pseudolites) or a radar altimeter have also been incorporated.Included in the landing simulations are wind shears and a gust model, creating realistic landing situations. The performances of the lateral and vertical displacements are presented with their 1σ r.m.s. estimation errors during the glide-slope and flare phases. Included are different wind conditions, GPS configurations and controllers. The results are compared with the FAA requirements for various categories of automatic landing systems.

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5

Su, Xichao, Wei Han, Yu Wu, Yong Zhang, and Jie Liu. "A Proactive Robust Scheduling Method for Aircraft Carrier Flight Deck Operations with Stochastic Durations." Complexity 2018 (November 1, 2018): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6932985.

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The operations on the aircraft carrier flight deck are carried out in a time-critical and resource-constrained environment with uncertainty, and it is of great significance to optimize the makespan and obtain a robust schedule and resource allocation plan for a greater sortie generation capacity and better operational management of an aircraft carrier. In this paper, a proactive robust optimization method for flight deck scheduling with stochastic operation durations is proposed. Firstly, an operation on node-flow (OONF) network is adopted to model the precedence relationships of multi-aircraft operations, and resource constraints categorized into personnel, support equipment, workstation space, and supply resource are taken into consideration. On this basis, a mathematical model of the robust scheduling problem for flight deck operation (RSPFDO) is established, and the goal is to maximize the probability of completing within the limitative makespan (PCLM) and minimize the weighted sum of expected makespan and variance of makespan (IRM). Then, in terms of proactive planning, both serial and parallel schedule generation schemes for baseline schedule and robust personnel allocation scheme and equipment allocation adjustment scheme for resource allocation are designed. In terms of executing schedules, an RSPFDO-oriented preconstraint scheduling policy (CPC) is proposed. To optimize the baseline schedule and resource allocation, a hybrid teaching-learning-based optimization (HTLBO) algorithm is designed which integrates differential evolution operators, peak crossover operator, and learning-automata-based adaptive variable neighborhood search strategy. Simulation results shows that the HTLBO algorithm outperforms both some other state-of-the-art algorithms for deterministic cases and some existing algorithms for stochastic project scheduling, and the robustness of the flight deck operations can be improved with the proposed resource allocation schemes and CPC policy.

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Kim, Soo-Hyun, Hye-Yeong Chun, Jung-Hoon Kim, Robert D. Sharman, and Matt Strahan. "Retrieval of eddy dissipation rate from derived equivalent vertical gust included in Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR)." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 13, no. 3 (March 26, 2020): 1373–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1373-2020.

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Abstract. Some of the Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) data include a turbulence metric of the derived equivalent vertical gust (DEVG), in addition to wind and temperature. As the cube root of the eddy dissipation rate (EDR) is the International Civil Aviation Organization standard turbulence reporting metric, we attempt to retrieve the EDR from the DEVG for more reliable and consistent observations of aviation turbulence globally. Using the DEVG in the AMDAR data archived from October 2015 to September 2018 covering a large portion of the Southern Hemisphere and North Pacific and North Atlantic oceans, we convert the DEVG to the EDR using two methods, after conducting quality control procedures to remove suspicious turbulence reports in the DEVG. The first method remaps the DEVG to the EDR using a lognormal mapping scheme, while the second one uses the best-fit curve between the EDR and DEVG developed in a previous study. The DEVG-derived EDRs obtained from the two methods are evaluated against in situ EDR data reported by US-operated carriers. For two specified regions of the Pacific Ocean and Europe, where both the DEVG-derived EDRs and in situ EDRs were available, the DEVG-derived EDRs obtained by the two methods were generally consistent with in situ EDRs, with slightly better statistics obtained by the first method than the second one. This result is encouraging for extending the aviation turbulence data globally with the single preferred EDR metric, which will contribute to the improvement of global aviation turbulence forecasting as well as to the construction of the climatology of upper-level turbulence.

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Andersen, Poul, Jürgen Friesch, Jens J. Kappel, Lars Lundegaard, and Graham Patience. "Development of a Marine Propeller With Nonplanar Lifting Surfaces." Marine Technology and SNAME News 42, no. 03 (July 1, 2005): 144–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.2005.42.3.144.

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The principle of nonplanar lifting surfaces is applied to the design of modern aircraft wings to obtain better lift to drag ratios. Whereas a pronounced fin or winglet at the wingtip has been developed for aircraft, the application of the nonplanar principle to marine propellers, dealt with in this paper, has led to the KAPPEL propeller with blades curved toward the suction side integrating the fin or winglet into the propeller blade. The combined theoretical, experimental, and practical approach to develop and design marine propellers with nonplanar lifting surfaces has resulted in propellers with higher efficiency and lower levels of noise and vibration excitation compared to conventional state-of-the-art propellers designed for the same task. Conventional and KAPPEL propellers have been compared for a medium-sized containership and a product tanker. In total, nine KAPPEL propellers and two conventional propellers have been designed, and models of all propellers have been examined with respect to cavitation and efficiency in the open-water and behind conditions. Casting procedures, measurement procedures, and stress analysis methods for the unconventional geometry of the KAPPEL propeller have been developed. Furthermore, the KAPPEL propeller has been applied in full scale to the product carrier investigated. Sea trials with the conventional propeller and the KAPPEL propeller have been performed and have proved an efficiency gain of 4% in favor of the new propeller. The improved efficiency was obtained at lower propeller-induced pressure fluctuations. The correlation between the theoretical, experimental, and full-scale results is discussed.

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JOHNS, ARTHUR W. "AIRCRAFT CARRIERS." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 46, no. 2 (March 18, 2009): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1934.tb03824.x.

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9

Langdon, M. "Carriers underway [Aircraft carriers design]." Engineering & Technology 4, no. 21 (December 5, 2009): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/et.2009.2109.

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10

Vázquez, Carlos M. "Argentine Republic v. Amerada Hess Shipping Corp." American Journal of International Law 83, no. 3 (July 1989): 565–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203318.

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Plaintiffs and respondents, Amerada Hess Shipping Corp. and United Carriers, Inc., were respectively the charterer and owner of the Hercules, a crude oil tanker that was bombed in international waters by Argentine military aircraft during the war over the Malvinas or Falkland Islands. The ship was severely damaged and had to be scuttled off the coast of Brazil. After unsuccessfully seeking relief in Argentina, the companies filed suit against defendant and appellant, the Argentine Republic, in the Southern District of New York. Plaintiffs argued that the federal courts had jurisdiction under the Alien Tort Statute (28 U.S.C. §1350 (1982)), which confers federal jurisdiction over “any civil action by an alien for a tort only, committed in violation of the law of nations or a treaty of the United States.” The district court dismissed the suit for lack of subject matter jurisdiction, holding that the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of 1976 (28 U.S.C. §§1330, 1602-1611 (1982)) (FSIA) is by its terms the sole basis of federal jurisdiction over cases against foreign states. A divided panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit reversed. The Supreme Court (per Rehnquist, C.J.) unanimously reversed the Second Circuit and held that the FSIA provides the exclusive basis of federal jurisdiction over suits against foreign states.

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11

Schrader, Thorsten, Jochen Bredemeyer, Marius Mihalachi, David Ulm, Thomas Kleine-Ostmann, Christoph Stupperich, Sergei Sandmann, and Heyno Garbe. "High-resolution signal-in-space measurements of VHF omnidirectional ranges using UAS." Advances in Radio Science 17 (September 19, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-17-1-2019.

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Abstract. In this paper, we describe measurement results of the signal-in-space of very high frequency (VHF) omnidirectional range (VOR) facilities. In aviation VOR are used to display the current course of the aircraft in the cockpit. To understand the influence of wind turbines (WT) on the signal integrity of terrestrial navigation and radar signals, the signal content and its changes, respectively, must be investigated. So far, only numerical simulations have been carried out on the frequency-modulation (FM) part of the Doppler-VOR (DVOR) signal to estimate the influence of WT on DVOR. Up to now, the amplitude-modulated (AM) part of the DVOR was not assessed at all. In 2016, we presented an unmanned aerial system (UAS) as a carrier for state-of-the-art radio-frequency (RF) measurement instrumentation (Schrader et al., 2016a, c; Bredemeyer et al., 2016), to measure and to record the true signal-in-space (both FM and AM signal) during the flight. The signal-in-space (which refers to time-resolved signal content and field strength, respectively) is measured and sampled without loss of information and, furthermore, synchronously stored with time stamp and with precise position in space, where the measurements were taken.

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12

Katorin, Yuri F. "Aircraft Carriers on the Rivers." International Naval Journal 5, no. 1 (March 15, 2015): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.13187/inj.2015.5.14.

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Mathew, Dean. "Aircraft carriers: An Indian introspection." Strategic Analysis 23, no. 12 (March 2000): 2135–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09700160008455185.

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HELLER, LT COMMANDER S. R. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF ATTACK AIRCRAFT CARRIERS*." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 65, no. 3 (March 18, 2009): 515–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1953.tb03051.x.

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15

Whitten, T., and E. Rikansrud. "Total Ship Training for Future Aircraft Carriers." Naval Engineers Journal 112, no. 3 (May 2000): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.2000.tb03309.x.

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16

Bi, J. Y., and Z. Zong. "Regression Analysis of Principal Dimensions and Speed of Aircraft Carriers." Polish Maritime Research 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2014-0006.

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ABSTRACT In this paper empirical formulas relating the speed to principal dimensions of aircraft carriers have been obtained through regression analysis of the data of 105 aircraft carriers. To reduce uncertainty as much as possible, aircraft carriers are classified into several different categories. In each category, regression analysis is separately performed such that a variety of regression (empirical) formulas have thus been obtained for possible use at the initial design stage of a carrier. The goodness of fit of these formulas is finally analyzed through variance analysis.

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Cotrumbă, Mirela, Alexandru Pintilie, and Viorel Bogdan Rădoiu. "Study of Dynamic Behavior of Arresting Mechanism Used on Aircraft Carrier." Advanced Engineering Forum 34 (October 2019): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.34.129.

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Although aircraft carriers operating in the seas have developed considerably from a constructive point of view, naval aviation continues to face significant challenges due to short runways, often in motion or unpredictable weather conditions, as a rule. This paper aims to analyze the concept of aircraft's rapid deceleration to landing, as well as to study the dynamic behavior of the aircraft restraint system used by aircraft carriers.

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Grove, Eric. "British Aircraft Carriers: Design, development and service histories." Mariner's Mirror 101, no. 2 (April 3, 2015): 245–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00253359.2015.1025524.

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Yuan, Tao, Jing Shuo Xu, and Ya Zhou Di. "Research on Independent Coarse Alignment of Aircraft Carriers SINS." Advanced Materials Research 591-593 (November 2012): 1827–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.591-593.1827.

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Carrier-based Aircraft closely watched as the aircraft carrier weapons, storms and other factors affect the generated carrier swing to sway.This will enable the gyro measurement to the Earth's rotation angular velocity signal to noise ratio dropped significantly, giving the aircraft carrier's initialaligned to bring difficulties. To solve this problem, the Earth gravity acceleration in the inertial space the SINS independent coarse alignment, and gives the process of acceleration due to gravity points vector of analytic coarse alignment and fine alignment algorithm. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the moving base SINS alignment method can effectively solve the initial alignment of the aircraft carrier in the state of the ship mooring.

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Oguntona, Oluwaferanmi, Kay Ploetner, Marcia Urban, Raoul Rothfeld, and Mirko Hornung. "IMPACT OF AIRLINE BUSINESS MODELS, MARKET SEGMENTS AND GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS ON AIRCRAFT CABIN CONFIGURATIONS." Journal of Air Transport Studies 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.38008/jats.v10i1.8.

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Besides the significance of estimating aircraft seat capacity for airline operating cost and yield estimation as well as for the conceptual design of aircraft, airline fleet planning requires an understanding of aircraft cabin configuration. This paper presents the impact of airline business models, market segments in terms of flight distances, and geographical regions on aircraft cabin configuration, i.e. aircraft seat capacities and installed seats per cabin class. Using the historical databases of global low-cost carriers and airline flight schedules between 2000 and 2016, two ABM clusters – full-service network carriers (FSNCs) and low-cost carriers (LCCs) - were developed, while using seven already-developed passenger-aircraft clusters. Focusing on the jet commuter (JC), narrow-body (NB) and long-range (LR) aircraft clusters, studies were conducted on the historical development of aircraft cluster seat capacities at different abstraction levels: global, airline business model, intra- and inter-regional flight distances, as well as a combination of ABM and (inter)regional flights. Selected results were further analysed using statistical tests on the mean and regression analysis. The analysis results show that LCCs use aircraft that have less average scheduled and less average maximum possible seats than FSNCs. Specifically, FSNCs use significantly bigger aircraft types in LR cluster than LCCs, while LCCs use significantly bigger aircraft types in JC cluster than FSNCs. Furthermore, average cabin utilisation of aircraft clusters scheduled by LCCs are significantly higher than average cabin utilisation scheduled by FSNCs. With increasing distance, average cabin utilisation also significantly reduces.

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Li, Yongtao, Yu Wu, Xichao Su, and Jingyu Song. "Path Planning for Aircraft Fleet Launching on the Flight Deck of Carriers." Mathematics 6, no. 10 (September 26, 2018): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math6100175.

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This paper studies the path planning problem for aircraft fleet taxiing on the flight deck of carriers, which is of great significance for improving the safety and efficiency level of launching. As there are various defects of manual command in the flight deck operation of carriers, the establishment of an automatic path planner for aircraft fleets is imperative. The requirements of launching, the particularities of the flight deck environment, the way of launch, and the work mode of catapult were analyzed. On this basis, a mathematical model was established which contains the constraints of maneuverability and the work mode of catapults; the ground motion and collision detection of aircraft are also taken into account. In the design of path planning algorithm, path tracking was combined with path planning, and the strategy of rolling optimization was applied to get the actual taxi path of each aircraft. Taking the Nimitz-class aircraft carrier as an example, the taxi paths of aircraft fleet launching was planned with the proposed method. This research can guarantee that the aircraft fleet complete launching missions safely with reasonable taxi paths.

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Kornak, Jillian. "Roar Aboard: Protecting Service Members' Ears on Aircraft Carriers." ASHA Leader 24, no. 11 (November 2019): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/leader.aea.24112019.22.

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23

Lewis, R. A. "See and be seen. Re-lighting US aircraft carriers." Applied Ergonomics 18, no. 3 (September 1987): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(87)90045-7.

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24

ŚLIWIŃSKA, Aleksandra. "Providing on board aircraft security." Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology. Series Transport 111 (June 30, 2021): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20858/sjsutst.2021.111.14.

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This article presents the threats to civil aviation, which may be committed on board aircraft. There are also described solutions, which implemented can increase the security of aircraft. This directly influences the security of the entire civil aviation sector. Many procedures can be introduced by airlines (air carriers) on board aircraft, within the aircraft while its layover, or stand on the airport’s surfaces for protection against threats.

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Greaney, Thomas L. "Night Landings on an Aircraft Carrier: Hospital Mergers and Antitrust Law." American Journal of Law & Medicine 23, no. 2-3 (1997): 191–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0098858800010704.

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Justice Stewart’s 1966 dictum about the inevitability of government success in challenging mergers under Section 7 of the Clayton Act held true for another fifteen years or so. In the early 1980s, however, federal enforcement agencies, the Department of Justice (DOJ) and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), began to find the federal courts less hospitable to antitrust merger cases as more sophisticated economic inquiries and changing proof burdens complicated the task of identifying anticompetitive mergers. Indeed, since the early 1980s, the government has lost more litigated merger cases than it has won and has come under criticism from some quarters for becoming gun shy and not adequately policing the wave of consolidations that have occurred over the past decade.Hospital mergers, however, are a different story. Until two years ago, the government rode a streak of important victories in federal courts and FTC administrative proceedings, and had obtained consent decrees from scores of hospitals that had announced plans to merge.

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Krawczyk, Mariusz, Cezary Szczepański, and Albert Zajdel. "Automatic Taxiing Direction Control System for Carrier-Based Aircraft." Transactions on Maritime Science 8, no. 2 (October 21, 2019): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.7225/toms.v08.n02.002.

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This paper solves the problem of automatic taxiing direction control of carrier-based aircraft. On modern aircraft carriers, taxiing aircraft either propel themselves using their own engines or are towed by specialised tugs, which requires dedicated personnel and assets. The automatization of this process would simultaneously increase aircraft flow and decrease the number of personnel and assets required. The key challenge in the automatization of this type of process is the development of an automatic control system capable of performing the requisite tasks, which our researchers managed to do. First, the specific conditions of taxiing on-board carriers were analysed and modelled. The model of a fixed-wing aircraft best suited to this purpose was identified and the proper method of automatic control – ADRC – chosen. The algorithm used in the methodto facilitate effective direction control of a taxiing aircraft was formulated and extensively tested. The results of automatic taxiing simulation for F/A-18 aircraft have been presented. The conclusion is that the ADRC type control algorithm can ensure effective automatic control of taxiing aircraft.

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McClelland, D. L. N. "Therapeutic oxygen carriers - State of the Art." Vox Sanguinis 67, no. 3 (1994): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000462705.

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McCLELLAND, D. L. N. "THERAPEUTIC OXYGEN CARRIERS - STATE OF THE ART." Vox Sanguinis 67 (July 1994): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1423-0410.1994.tb04547.x.

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Sekhon, L., Z. Luscher, T. G. Nazem, J. Lee, L. Grunfeld, and A. B. Copperman. "Gaucher’s disease carriers demonstrate improved art outcome." Fertility and Sterility 110, no. 4 (September 2018): e142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.07.420.

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Asmatulu, Eylem, Michael Overcash, and Janet Twomey. "Recycling of Aircraft: State of the Art in 2011." Journal of Industrial Engineering 2013 (January 2, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/960581.

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Recently, the end-of-service life for aging aircraft and related parts has become a key subject in recycling industries worldwide. Over the next 20 years, approximately 12,000 aircraft currently utilized for different purposes will be at the end of service. Thus, reclaiming retired aircraft by environmentally responsible methods while retaining some of the value becomes a significant need. Recycling aircraft components and using these in different applications will reduce the consumption of natural resources as well as landfill allocations. Compared to the production of virgin materials, recycling aircraft will also reduce air, water, and soil contaminations, as well as energy demand. In the present study, we have investigated the environmental benefits of recycling and reusing aircraft components in the same or similar applications as low-energy input materials. During the aircraft recycling, most of the aircraft components can be recycled and reused after reasonable modifications and investments.

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Hayward, Mark. "Narrative and the Art of Aircraft Pilotage." Journal of Systemic Therapies 22, no. 1 (March 2003): 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jsyt.22.1.80.24095.

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Wall, Alan T., Richard L. McKinley, Michael R. Sedillo, Billy J. Swayne, Michael J. Smith, Allan C. Aubert, Robert E. Nantz, and Gregory J. Imhof. "Aircraft carrier noise measurements of a high-performance fighter jet." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 139, no. 4 (April 2016): 2205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4950577.

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33

Bardera-Mora, R., M. A. Barcala-Montejano, A. Rodríguez-Sevillano, and J. Nova-Trigueros. "Passive flow control over the ski-jump of aircraft carriers." Ocean Engineering 114 (March 2016): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2016.01.019.

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de Boer, Gijs, Scott Palo, Brian Argrow, Gabriel LoDolce, James Mack, Ru-Shan Gao, Hagen Telg, et al. "The Pilatus unmanned aircraft system for lower atmospheric research." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 9, no. 4 (April 28, 2016): 1845–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-1845-2016.

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Abstract. This paper presents details of the University of Colorado (CU) “Pilatus” unmanned research aircraft, assembled to provide measurements of aerosols, radiation and thermodynamics in the lower troposphere. This aircraft has a wingspan of 3.2 m and a maximum take-off weight of 25 kg, and it is powered by an electric motor to reduce engine exhaust and concerns about carburetor icing. It carries instrumentation to make measurements of broadband up- and downwelling shortwave and longwave radiation, aerosol particle size distribution, atmospheric temperature, relative humidity and pressure and to collect video of flights for subsequent analysis of atmospheric conditions during flight. In order to make the shortwave radiation measurements, care was taken to carefully position a high-quality compact inertial measurement unit (IMU) and characterize the attitude of the aircraft and its orientation to the upward-looking radiation sensor. Using measurements from both of these sensors, a correction is applied to the raw radiometer measurements to correct for aircraft attitude and sensor tilt relative to the sun. The data acquisition system was designed from scratch based on a set of key driving requirements to accommodate the variety of sensors deployed. Initial test flights completed in Colorado provide promising results with measurements from the radiation sensors agreeing with those from a nearby surface site. Additionally, estimates of surface albedo from onboard sensors were consistent with local surface conditions, including melting snow and bright runway surface. Aerosol size distributions collected are internally consistent and have previously been shown to agree well with larger, surface-based instrumentation. Finally the atmospheric state measurements evolve as expected, with the near-surface atmosphere warming over time as the day goes on, and the atmospheric relative humidity decreasing with increased temperature. No directional bias on measured temperature, as might be expected due to uneven heating of the sensor housing over the course of a racetrack pattern, was detected. The results from these flights indicate that the CU Pilatus platform is capable of performing research-grade lower tropospheric measurement missions.

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Kariyawasam, Harendra Nishantha. "Cost Economies for an Airline: An Analysis of Airlines’ Operating Costs." International Journal of Management Excellence 12, no. 3 (April 30, 2019): 1856–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17722/ijme.v12i3.1082.

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This study focuses on analyzing the variables affecting the average operating cost per aircraft movement. Since airlines around the world are operated on thin profit margins and with increasing competition from Low Cost Carriers it will be important for an airline to get a complete understanding about their operating cost structure. The aim of this study is to suggest an airline of actions to reduce their operating cost and will differentiate the cost structures of Low Cost Carriers and Full Service Carriers. This study was conducted for 20 airlines which were operating in Asia Pacific region. Published financial and statistical data were used for analysis and a parametric approach was used. The results of this study do not suggest economies of scale for the airline, which is to have higher number of aircraft to reduce cost.

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Cox, Catherine Wilson. "Shipboard nursing on aircraft carriers: The perceptions of twelve Navy nurses." Nursing Outlook 53, no. 5 (September 2005): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2005.02.007.

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Snaples, Lee, and Jerry Miller. "Nuclear Weapons and Aircraft Carriers: How the Bomb Saved Naval Aviation." Journal of Military History 66, no. 3 (July 2002): 917. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3093435.

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ZHAO Jian-chuan, 赵建川, 邵俊峰 SHAO Jun-feng, 王弟男 WANG Di-nan, 陈长青 CHEN Chang-qing, and 王锐 WANG Rui. "Design of centerline television surveillance system for aircraft landing on carriers." Chinese Journal of Optics and Applied Optics 5, no. 6 (2012): 625–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/co.20120506.0625.

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Hooley, James R., Norman F. Charboneau, Marc S. Cunningham, and Richard A. Beane. "Use of Intravenous Sedation for Wisdom Tooth Surgery on Aircraft Carriers." Military Medicine 160, no. 8 (August 1, 1995): 398–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/160.8.398.

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Liao, Shu S., Thomas P. Moore, and Andrew G. Mackel. "A transportation and logistic support model for aircraft aboard navy carriers." Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 26, no. 3 (May 1992): 231–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0965-8564(92)90034-5.

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Hernando, JL, and R. Martínez-Val. "Carrier deck launching of adapted land-based airplanes." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 234, no. 10 (November 22, 2019): 1661–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410019890233.

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VTOL Harrier aircraft has been the basic combat airplane for many Navies, but it will soon be retired from service. Three main alternatives appear: to incorporate another, already existing or under development airplane; to design a completely new aircraft; or to modify an existing land-based airplane to achieve carrier suitability. The present paper is part of a study to assess the feasibility of the third option. In former papers, the authors have addressed, firstly, the compatibility criteria of land-based airplanes with aircraft carriers and, secondly, the details of the approach guidance and the recovery manoeuvre, which showed the need of major modifications in wing structure and landing gear. The research proposed here studies the airplane performance during the take-off manoeuvre from mid-size carriers, formed by a flat deck take-off run followed by a ski-jump and the subsequent flyaway.

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Abeyratne, Ruwantissa. "Safety in the Air: Air Carriers' Rights and Responsibilities at National and International Law." Common Law World Review 32, no. 3 (July 2003): 275–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147377950303200303.

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Several air disasters involving loss of lives of passengers and others on the ground have illustrated the key role expected of airlines in ensuring the security of aircraft and the safety of those affected by the contract of carriage by air. The culmination of these expectations came immediately after 11 September 2001 when aircraft were used as weapons of mass destruction against passengers of the aircraft concerned and those on the ground. Sustained debate followed between the air transport industry and regulators as to whether airlines could justifiably be expected to bear full responsibility for the safety of those on board and on the ground who may be affected by an air disaster. The international community now recognizes that the airlines have to bear some responsibility in the decision-making process regarding persons boarding their aircraft. Modern techniques for passenger screening include the use of machine readable travel documents (MRTDs) and advance passenger information (API). In addition, the practice of passenger profiling is not uncommon among some carriers who cooperate with customs and immigration authorities to identify possible offenders, with a view to preventing them from boarding their aircraft. The process of refusal to board, however, may entail legal consequences, particularly in the context of the contract which has already passed between the air carrier and passenger prior to boarding. Although usually a contract can be frustrated thus affecting the performance of that contract, the instance of a potential offender is unique in that refusal of carriage is based on conjecture rather than empirical evidence. This article examines this issue with a focus on developments in some European and United States jurisdictions.

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Lee, Young Ro, Yi Ji, David J. Tanner, and L. Gregory Huey. "A low-activity ion source for measurement of atmospheric gases by chemical ionization mass spectrometry." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 13, no. 5 (May 18, 2020): 2473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2473-2020.

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Abstract. Most I−-CIMSs (iodide chemical ionization mass spectrometers) for measurement of atmospheric trace gases utilize a radioactive ion source with an initial activity of 10 or 20 mCi of 210Po. In this work, we characterize a 210Po ion source with an initial activity of 1.5 mCi that can be easily constructed from commercially available components. The low level of radioactive activity of this source significantly reduces regulatory burden with storage and shipping relative to higher-activity sources. We compare the sensitivity of the low-activity source (LAS) to a standard 20 mCi source, as a function of carrier gas flow and flow tube pressure, for peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), formic acid (HCO2H), molecular chlorine (Cl2) and nitryl chloride (ClNO2), using an I−-CIMS. The LAS provides 2 to 5 times less sensitivity than that of the standard source even though the ratio of activity is approximately 13. However, detection limits of less than 2 pptv for the tested compounds are achieved for integration times on the order of a minute. The sensitivity of the LAS is less dependent on the magnitude of the carrier gas than a standard source. In addition, the LAS provides maximum sensitivity at relatively low carrier gas flows. Finally, we demonstrate that the LAS can be used to measure PAN in the remote atmosphere from an aircraft by showing data obtained on the NASA DC-8 during the Atmospheric Tomography (ATom) mission. In summary, the LAS may be an excellent substitute for a standard ion source in short-term field deployments.

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Fidell, Sanford, Richard Horonjeff, John Mills, Edward Baldwin, Sherri Teffeteller, and Karl Pearsons. "Aircraft noise annoyance at three joint air carrier and general aviation airports." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 77, no. 3 (March 1985): 1054–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.392223.

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Sang, De Yi, Jian Jun Zhao, and Yi Wang. "Carrier Rocking Motion Model Based on Stress Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 667 (October 2014): 430–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.667.430.

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The complicated sports of aircraft carrier affected by the wind and waves when sailing affects the measurement accuracy of shipboard radar seriously. In order to eliminate the effect of carrier motion to improve the accuracy of radar measurement, we must establish the motion model of aircraft carrier and research on the motion of carrier. At present there is not much research on movement of domestic aircraft carriers, and the overseas research are in a state secret. Established the motion model of aircraft carrier according to the force of carrier caused by wave. Provides help for the research on carrier motion law and influence on the accuracy of radar.

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Amelin, K. B., O. I. Sauta, Yu G. Shatrakov, and S. V. Baburov. "Mathematical model of radio engineering ship system errors in the autolanding problems studies." Journal of «Almaz – Antey» Air and Space Defence Corporation, no. 4 (December 30, 2017): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.38013/2542-0542-2017-4-98-104.

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The paper describes the results of statistical processing of flight path errors recorded on board aircraft during aircraft carrier landing approaches using the S-band radar system and the microwave radio-beacon landing system. The analysis and statistical processing data averaging is carried out. A mathematical model of a random (noise) component of the measurement error of radio engineering landing systems used on aircraft carriers is built.The study introduces a mathematical model based on actual data of full-scale tests, which allows us to carry out a wide range of studies to determine the accuracy of various types aircraft landing approaches, including the presence of ship rocking and spatial evolution of the aircraft. The results of mathematical simulation are presented.

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Bowen, David. "Aircraft Carriers of the United States Navy: Rare photographs from wartime archives." Mariner's Mirror 102, no. 3 (July 2, 2016): 377–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00253359.2016.1196005.

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Tellis, Ashley J. "Aircraft carriers and the Indian navy: Assessing the present, discerning the future." Journal of Strategic Studies 10, no. 2 (June 1987): 141–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01402398708437294.

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Schaal, Nicholas Cody, Raushan A. Salaam, Michael E. Stevens, and Alex H. Stubner. "Living at Work: 24-hour Noise Exposure Aboard US Navy Aircraft Carriers." Annals of Work Exposures and Health 63, no. 3 (March 11, 2019): 316–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxz005.

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Spoor, P. S. "Large >60 gallon/day ‘pulse-tube’ oxygen liquefier for aircraft carriers." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 101 (December 18, 2015): 012061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/101/1/012061.

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