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Journal articles on the topic 'Airlines Reservation systems'
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Wouters, Mia. "Simplification of the European Code of Conduct for Computer Reservation Systems (CRS)." Air and Space Law 36, Issue 1 (February 1, 2011): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2011005.
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No matter how good your product or service is, if you either lack the means of informing the public of its availability, or if you fail to have an efficient distribution system, your goods will remain on the shelf . . . unsold. Success will largely depend, first, on your ability to bring what you have to offer to the attention of a buyer and, second, to make it readily available for easy purchase. Air transport does not escape this basic principle of commerce. There is very little which is more vital to an airline than its ability to keep potential passengers informed of what is on offer and to facilitate the intended purchase. Airlines sell a service that may not be stored and is perishable in nature. Airline capacity has an exceptionally short shelf life; once an aircraft takes off, any empty seat is lost forever. Take this together with the high proportion of fixed and operational costs and it means that the loss or gain of only a few seats can often determine whether or not a flight will be profitable. Seat inventory constantly needs to be matched by demand before the seats perish. By matching passenger demand, airlines manipulate the number of seats for which discounts are offered and will adjust fares accordingly. The result is that fares on surplus seats change constantly. In an environment that is increasingly defined in terms of alliances and code sharing, Computer Reservation Systems (CRSs) are probably the most well-adapted technological medium to satisfy the vending of tickets under such market requirements. A CRS consists of a database that holds information on schedules, seat availability, and fares of all its participating airlines. This database may be accessed by travel agencies having entered into a subscriber agreement with a CRS. Because of their high-speed processing and real-time links to most airlines, CRSs are capable of continually updating any fare for any given segment. CRSs hence became the prime marketing tools used to distribute the airline’s seat availability and its fares to the public. Ancillary products, such as hotel reservations, car rentals, and other modes of transport, were subsequently added to the CRS content. Since their inception in the 1980s, CRSs enjoyed a privileged marketing position for nearly two decades. It should, however, also be recognized that CRSs were the constant focus of investment by which they remained at the cutting edge of new technology. During the last decade, the steady position of the CRSs has started to show signs of weakness. Airlines, having set up the CRSs as an instrument to ensure effective distribution of their services, progressively abandoned their creation and actively looked for other, cheaper ways of distributing their services and products. At the onset of the airlines’ technological efforts to bypass or replace the CRSs, the airlines neglected to continually upgrade the technology of the CRSs. The technology did improve, however, largely because airlines started to integrate the existing CRS technology with other sales vehicles. This allowed the airlines to gain sales power offset the monopolistic trend of the CRSs. This trend, taken together with the disinvestment of airline ownership in the CRSs, spurred legislators to abandon or to relax the implementation of legal requirements when operating a CRS.
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Betru, Bisrat, and Uchenna Kelechi Ogbonna. "Accessibility Evaluation on Ethiopian and South African Airlines Website and Mobile Applications." International journal of Web & Semantic Technology 13, no. 4 (October 31, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijwest.2022.13401.
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Air transport is one of the major transportation modes in Africa. It has been showing a growth due to significant increase of tourist flights and intercontinental flights. Ethiopian Airlines and South African Airlines are the leading airlines in Africa in terms of working capacity and annual profit. Both Ethiopian and South African Airlines have a website that lets their customers search and book a flight. They also have a mobile application for both android and iOS platforms. The airline industry in Africa is facing market competition from different airlines outside the continent. The competition is getting intense due to the usage of different technological artifacts in the air transport infrastructure by competitors. The development of an accessible and usable website and mobile application for flight booking and related services can help African airlines to compete well. This paper is about evaluating the accessibility of Ethiopian and South African airlines’ websites and mobile applications using manual and automatic accessibility evaluation techniques. As per the evaluation result, both airlines shall work hard to inclusively design their interactive online reservation systems. To do so, they need to consider the seven principles of Universal Design whenever they enhance their interactive systems.
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Ma'ruf, Dearisma Arfinda, Selo Sulistyo, and Lukito Edi Nugroho. "Applying Integrating Testing of Microservices in Airline Ticketing System." IJITEE (International Journal of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering) 4, no. 2 (September 16, 2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijitee.55491.
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Microservices have been applied on several major systems including airlines. The characteristics of microservices which are independent and also interconnected need to be tested. The testing is done to preserve the system’s sequential stage processes, especially the online ticket reservation. Four features which are the search, booking, payment, and booking info feature are tested. This research performed three stages of testing on the microservices, those are unit testing, integrity testing, and end-to-end testing. Unit testing was conducted to test every function on every nodule, integrity testing was done to test interconnection between microservices, and end-to-end testing was to test the final results obtained after the unit test and integrity test were carried out. The three stages of testing must be done sequentially. The system on the airline provides the valid or correct response. Three stages of testing can be applied on other airlines by obtaining a legal API and can be accessed publicly.
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van Bakelen, F. A. "Aviation wizards – terminal hazards; Airlines’ computerized reservation systems (C.R.S.): a benefit or a burden?" Air and Space Law 13, Issue 2 (April 1, 1988): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila1988012.
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Haanappel, Peter P. C. "Air Passenger Rights in the Electronic Age." Air and Space Law 43, Issue 1 (February 1, 2018): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2018002.
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For many decades, the private law rights of passengers against their air carriers were covered by the 1929 Warsaw Convention and its various amendments, supplemented by the International Air Transport Association (IATA) Conditions of Contract and Carriage of the airlines. Air carriers and their (travel) agents administered this worldwide system through their distribution of the air travel product. Over the years, the distribution system has changed considerably: computerized reservation systems were introduced; more and more did passengers or third parties on their behalf begin to contract directly with the airline of their choice, bypassing the agent, and more and more did they do so online, electronically, from their home or office computers. Meanwhile, the Warsaw Convention was replaced by the 1999 Montreal Convention. Also, following deregulation and liberalization of the airline industry, and a concomitant decrease in the regulatory influence of IATA, consumerism entered the air travel world prompting governments and the European Union to adopt special legislation or regulation on matters such as denied boarding, flight cancellations and delays. This new form of air passenger protection has been backed up and broadened by the courts, particularly in Europe. It has been opposed by the airlines, particularly the low cost carriers. The situation today seems to have become wasteful with too much uncertainty, too many claims, and too high transaction costs for all parties involved. Lastly, electronic and digital techniques have deeply penetrated the domain of the conclusion of the contract of carriage by air. Electronically concluded contracts have now become the most common form of contracting for the non-professional traveller, that is the individual air transport user, the consumer, who contracts directly with his or her airline, using electronic and digital means to do so. These are three distinct, but interrelated issues: the contractual distribution of the air travel product; the impact of consumer law; and electronic contracting (e-commerce). Each issue will be addressed in a separate part of the article. It seems that the time has come to try to forge a new contractual deal between airlines and their passengers: global, transparent and cost efficient. This article attempts to make a contribution to this beginning debate.
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Rahman, Mostafijur, and Ruhul Amin. "Artificial Intelligence Waves on Space Computation Management: A Review Report." Engineering International 8, no. 2 (November 15, 2020): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ei.v8i2.500.
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When writing about the history of the internet, it is important to note that aerospace was among the significant pioneers in computer networking computer network for private was used in first airline reservation system “SABRE” in 1960 for American airlines. While sage was the first computer system in the world, its deficiencies led to the development of ARPANET. These systems formed the foundations for the internet and the development of other computer programs in aerospace, any deficiency led to the invention of a new program, giving birth to programming, CAD, and CAM that brought about simulations. Aerospace computing has evolved over the years and is now carrying the whole weight of the aerospace industry. Before the launch of any space vehicle or satellite, simulation has become a necessary step, checking for weaknesses for corrections to be done on the ground. Besides, computer simulation has been essential in training, facilitating the training of pilots worldwide. This article presents more information regarding the application of AI in aerospace computing, flight simulations, and their advantages in the aerospace industry.
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Srivastava, Shirish C., Sharat S. Mathur, and Thompson SH Teo. "Modernization of Passenger Reservation System: Indian Railways’ Dilemma." Journal of Information Technology 22, no. 4 (December 2007): 432–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jit.2000112.
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This teaching case discusses the challenges being faced by the technology managers at Indian Railways (IR) in the current scenario of a resurgent national economy coupled with increasing customer expectations. In the face of growing competition from road and low-cost airlines, to retain its customers, IR has responded by changing its business rules. The Railway Ministry expects a rapid response from Centre for Railway Information Systems (CRIS) to incorporate all these changes in the passenger reservation system (PRS). The old PRS, which is time-tested and reliable, and has been serving the customers’ needs for nearly two decades, is now proving to be relatively inflexible to match the rapidly changing business requirements. Although the current scenario of a constant need to change the programming logic of PRS has been making maintenance tougher for CRIS officials, they have realized that PRS is a time-tested, proven, and reliable technology. Though they would be happy to replace the old PRS with a new state-of-art system that would provide them greater maintenance flexibility, the repercussions associated with possible failure of the new system are far too serious. The case exhibits the current dilemma being faced by the head of CRIS, the umbrella agency for information technology (IT) implementation in IR: whether IR should continue using the old PRS technology with its inherent shortcomings, or should it take the risk and go in for a wholesale replacement with a new state-of-art technology which would provide greater maintenance flexibility?
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Rebezova, M., N. Sulima, and R. Surinov. "Development Trends of Air Passenger Transport Services and Service Distribution Channels." Transport and Telecommunication Journal 13, no. 2 (January 1, 2012): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10244-012-0013-9.
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Development Trends of Air Passenger Transport Services and Service Distribution Channels Alongside their core service, i.e., passenger transportation, air carriers are nowadays providing numerous extra services, which are not directly related to transport. On the one hand, airlines are enlarging the scope of paid services provided on board an aircraft by, among other ways, splitting the air ticket fee and singling out the costs of such services as catering on board, checked-in luggage, airport check-in, etc. On the other hand, airline companies tend to provide mass services to their sales partners - ground transportation, car rental, insurance, hotel booking, etc. Provision of both the core and the extra services is closely connected with computerized reservation systems and the corresponding agent and customer access networks. These systems and networks form the basis of IT channels of service distribution. The present paper analyses the indicators and development trends of air transport services in combination with the development of service distribution channels and the information technologies lying at the basis of such channels. The paper also describes the structure and IT support of distribution channels. The authors have paid attention to the potential qualitative changes in the structure and possibilities of distribution of air passenger transportation services in view of the Next Generation Network (NGN) concept whose implementation has been started in the world.
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Mitev, Nathalie N. "The Problematic Transfer From American Airlines to French Railways: The Role of Global Computerized Reservation Systems in the European Transport Industry." Failure and Lessons Learned in Information Technology Management 1, no. 4 (December 1, 1997): 259–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/108812897792232597.
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Недкова, Антонина, and Antonina Nedkova. "Information service as applied to the tourist business." Universities for Tourism and Service Association Bulletin 8, no. 3 (September 2, 2014): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/5546.
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The article deals with the current issues of information and communication technologies and their touristindustry application. Nowadays, tourist service activity is inconceivable without information resources and communication technologies, which serve to equip the consumer with e-information transmission and acquisition tools. The author identified the following information service aspects that are valuable
for the tourist industry: information as a link for the activity in tourism and service provision; tourism information product consumers (tourists, travel agencies, hotels, restaurants, airlines, railway and nautical companies, car-rent firms, etc); information resources (accounting databases, data provided by transfer companies); information owners and information resources; information systems; reservation and sales systems; information processes such as, for example, registration procedures, information transmission procedures, information processing procedures, and top management decision-making procedures; information system and technology support and maintenance – software provision, technical, linguistic, legal and organizational resources to ensure the operation of computering machines, thesauri, as well as operational instructions and methodology. The research conducted by the author leads to the general conclusion that, the newly-evolved information service industry is to continue its development and technological improvement, which, in its turn, will facilitate operations in the sphere of tourism and will satisfy consumer demand more efficiently.
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Kizildag, Murat, Tarik Dogru, Tingting (Christina) Zhang, Makarand Amrish Mody, Mehmet Altin, Ahmet Bulent Ozturk, and Ozgur Ozdemir. "Blockchain: a paradigm shift in business practices." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 32, no. 3 (October 14, 2019): 953–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-12-2018-0958.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to introduce and explore blockchain technology and its potential implementation to hospitality and tourism firms’ wide range of business operations and transactions from a technological and functional point of view. This study’s central interest is to produce novel and rigorous in-depth-review analysis and foundations for a broad discussion and outlook on the potential applications of blockchain technology benefiting hospitality and tourism research, as well as the industry as a whole. Design/methodology/approach This study identifies and proposes several potential areas of the adoption and implementation of blockchain technology to the hospitality and tourism industry, including payment and cryptocurrencies, tracking and service customization, the disintermediation of hospitality and tourism, innovative loyalty programs, smart contracts, integrated property management systems, verified rating and review systems, collaborative initiatives and due diligence and smart tourism, each of which represents fertile avenues for future research. Findings This paper provides extensive critical discussions, reviews and answers to a fundamental question: “What critical functions of Blockchain mechanisms can be implemented to the existing core operational (i.e. booking and reservation systems, guest management, etc.) and business functions (i.e. loyalty/reward programs, agent transactions, etc.) of hospitality and tourism companies?”. Research limitations/implications Future studies should specifically delve further into various angles of this “BizTech” environment based not only on business operations and competition but also on vendor and customer collaboration. Practical implications This study intends to serve as a guidance for future research, facilitate knowledge accumulation and create a new understanding and awareness in both practice and academia. One of the most important applications of blockchain in this industry would be that pertaining to direct booking, online reservation systems (i.e. airlines and online travel agencies) and check-in/out with digital identities. With industry-wide blockchain adoption, guests’ personal information can be digitally validated, saved and secured as previously established cryptographically secured codes verify one’s identity without disclosing essential personal information. Originality/value It is obvious that the hospitality and tourism industry needs urgent technological transformation, industrial innovations and new growth avenues such as the adoption of blockchain technology and systems to maintain its global market share in the future. Therefore, the implementation of blockchain systems can promote the formation of multi-center (i.e. guest operations and customer service), weakly intermediated (i.e. loyalty programs and/or review and rating systems) areas in this industry.
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Pérez, Fernando A. Acosta, Gabriel E. Rodríguez Ortiz, Everson Rodríguez Muñiz, Fernando J. Ortiz Sacarello, Jee Eun Kang, and Daniel Rodriguez-Roman. "Predicting Trip Cancellations and No-Shows in Paratransit Operations." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 8 (June 12, 2020): 774–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120924661.
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The productivity of paratransit systems could be improved if transit agencies had the tools to accurately predict which trip reservations are likely to result in trips. A potentially useful approach to this prediction task is the use of machine learning algorithms, which are routinely applied in, for example, the airline and hotel industries to make predictions on reservation outcomes. In this study, the application of machine learning (ML) algorithms is examined for two prediction problems that are of interest to paratransit operations. In the first problem the operator is only concerned with predicting which reservations will result in trips and which ones will not, while in the second prediction problem the operator is interested in more than two reservation outcomes. Logistic regression, random forest, gradient boosting, and extreme gradient boosting were the main machine learning algorithms applied in this study. In addition, a clustering-based approach was developed to assign outcome probabilities to trip reservations. Using trip reservation data provided by the Metropolitan Bus Authority of Puerto Rico, tests were conducted to examine the predictive accuracy of the selected algorithms. The gradient boosting and extreme gradient boosting algorithms were the best performing methods in the classification tests. In addition, to illustrate an application of the algorithms, demand forecasting models were generated and shown to be a promising approach for predicting daily trips in paratransit systems. The best performing method in this exercise was a regression model that optimally combined the demand predictions generated by the machine learning algorithms considered in this study.
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Rena Mariani, Ni Wayan, Firlie Lanovia Amir, and I. Gusti Ayu Eka Suwintari. "ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN SISTEM INFORMASI DALAM PENGELOLAAN KAWASAN WISATA SANUR." Jurnal Ilmiah Hospitality Management 8, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22334/jihm.v8i1.103.
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Trends of Information System affect the tourism industry. This fact showed by the utilization of information and communication technology used in the tourism industry. In the 1960s Flight Industry (Airlines) introduced the Central Reservation system. The mid-1990s tourism information system developed into a destination management system (DMS). The system was developed to provide information about tourism product to the tourist and used to find out the number of visitors. With this data, the destination management organization can make efforts to attract more visitors to come to the tourism destination Sanur is a one tourism destination that located in Bali Island. Geographically the sanur tourism destination is located in the southern part of the island of Bali. Administratively, sanur is a kelurahan in Denpasar Sub district, Denpasar municipality area. The main attraction of Sanur is the natural form of beaches along approximately 7 km from the start of the Matahari Terbit beach to the Mertasari Beach. Sanur Tourism Area is an area that is growing very rapidly. The growth of sanur area needs to be followed by good management to avoid exploitation of the Area.Good management requires valid and complete data to be able to make the right decision for developing of sanur tourism area. In the management of tourist areas, obtaining valid data is not an easy job, because it involves many parties and data changes fast enough. To obtain a valid data need a Information system, so that data can be kept updated continuously.This article discusses the analysis of information system needs for sanur destination management. The discussion in this article aims to find the concept of information systems needed. The method used in data collection is interview and observation method. Data were analyzed by using linear and hierarchy technique with 6 stages.The results of this discussion is a concept of information systems with databases to be able to provide the data as a needed of the management sanur tourism area.
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Boberg, Kevin B., and Fredrick M. Collison. "Computer reservation systems and airline competition." Tourism Management 6, no. 3 (September 1985): 174–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(85)90034-2.
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Copeland, Duncan G., and James L. McKenney. "Airline Reservations Systems: Lessons from History." MIS Quarterly 12, no. 3 (September 1988): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/249202.
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서윤주 and Kong Eun-Jong. "A morphological analysis of abbreviated English in airline reservation systems." Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics 16, no. 4 (December 2016): 797–817. http://dx.doi.org/10.15738/kjell.16.4.201612.797.
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Chismar, William G., and Johannes Meier. "A model of competing interorganizational systems and its application to airline reservation systems." Decision Support Systems 8, no. 5 (September 1992): 447–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-9236(92)90028-n.
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Chueasuai, Pasakara. "Transitivity System and a Translation of Lexical Metaphors: The Case of the Emirates Airline Website." MANUSYA: Journal of Humanities 25, no. 1 (September 5, 2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-25010012.
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Abstract Lexical metaphors colourise literary as well as non-literary texts. In the case of a website, it can make the text more appealing and consequently improve the sales of a company. In the highly competitive airline industry, an impressive webpage plays a significant role, especially in online reservation and purchase. This article examines the lexical metaphors used in the English and Thai websites of the Emirates Airline, adopting Transitivity of the Systemic Functional Linguistics by Eggins (2004) as the analytical framework. It also explores how the translated lexical metaphors are similar to and/or different from the original version. The study finds the lexical metaphors are realised in the transitivity systems of process, participant and circumstance. The translation is found to retain mostly the original transitivity systems. The study further finds both literal translation and adaption play parts in preserving and removing the original metaphorical form.
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Banker, Rajiv D., and Holly H. Johnston. "An empirical study of the business value of the U.S. airlines’ computerized reservations systems." Journal of Organizational Computing 5, no. 3 (January 1995): 255–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10919399509540253.
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Seeman, Jeanette, and Walter W. Surwillo. "Ear Preference in Telephone Listening." Perceptual and Motor Skills 65, no. 3 (December 1987): 803–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1987.65.3.803.
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Telephone-listening behavior was surveyed by questionnaire in 294 airline reservations agents to discover whether there is a preference for listening with the right ear. All of the subjects wore headsets as was their normal practice at work, thereby leaving both hands free for other activities so data were minimally biased by hand preference. Findings showed no evidence of a right-ear preference. Instead a left-ear preference was reported in 59% of the group—a finding that was statistically significant at the .001 level of confidence. Persons listening with the left ear had more experience using headsets to listen on the telephone than persons listening with the right ear.
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Mushtaq, Arif, Suzia Bt Sulaiman, P. D. D. Dominic, Sadia Riaz, and Muhammad Abdul Tawab Khal. "A Study to Examine If Integration of OTAs Features can Make SBTs More Flexible Online Airline Reservation Systems?" Information Technology Journal 10, no. 7 (June 15, 2011): 1315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/itj.2011.1315.1324.
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Rathee, Nisha, and Rajender Singh Chhillar. "Model Driven Approach to Secure Optimized Test Paths for Smart Samsung Pay using Hybrid Genetic Tabu Search Algorithm." International Journal of Information System Modeling and Design 9, no. 1 (January 2018): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijismd.2018010104.
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Smart mobile pay applications on smart devices have been considered as the most efficient and secure mode of contactless payment. To safeguard customer credit/ debit card details, testing of mobile pay solutions like Samsung Pay is most important and critical task for testers. Testing of all the test cases is very tedious and a time-consuming task, therefore optimization techniques have been used to identify most optimized test paths. In this article, a hybrid genetic and tabu search optimization (HGTO) algorithm is proposed to secure optimized test paths using activity diagram of the smart Samsung Pay application. The proposed approach has been implemented using C++ language on the case study of the Smart Samsung Pay and an online airline reservation system. The experimental results show that the proposed technique is more effective in automatic generation and optimization of test paths, as compared to a simple genetic algorithm.
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Kumar, Dr Vinod, Gagandeep Raheja, and Sukhpreet Singh. "REVIEW OF DATABASE AND PROMINENT PROGRAMMES." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 4, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v4i1a.3035.
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Databases and database systems have become an essential component of everyday life in modern society. In the course of a day, most of us encounter several activities that involve some interaction with a database. For example, if we go to the bank to deposit or withdraw funds, if we make a hotel or airline reservation, if we access a computerized library catalog to search for a bibliographic item, or if we buy some item such as a book, toy, or computer- form on internet vendor through it Web page, there might be chances that our activities will involve someone or some computer program accessing a database, even purchasing items from a supermarket nowadays in many cases involves an automatic update of the database that keeps the inventory of supermarket items. So in this paper we will talk about how to manage the different type of data involved in any form in the database.
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Byun, Hyo-Jeong, Jeong-Joon Kim, and Byeong-Cheol Lee. "Competitiveness Analysis of GDSs in South Korea by Using Niche Theory: Focusing on User Gratification." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 13, 2020): 8425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208425.
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The purpose of this study is to analyze the competitive relationships among the four major Global Distribution Systems (GDSs), which are representative reservation systems in the tourism industry by using niche theory. To that end, niche theory, which presents the three core concepts of niche breadth, niche overlap, and niche superiority, was combined with gratification in the uses to apply the gratification niche analysis technique. Based on an extensive literature review, four factors (core functions, system functions, service functions, and additional functions) to measure user satisfaction levels by function with GDSs were extracted. Online/offline questionnaire surveys were conducted with travel agencies’ airline counter staffs who had experience using all four GDSs, and in total, 324 copies of the questionnaire were used in the analysis. The analysis results confirmed that Sabre had a competitive edge in general over the other three GDSs, while TOPAS (Amadeus) and Galileo had a comparative competitive edge in certain functions. This study suggested concrete implications that can help individual GDSs in terms of their development of functions or the establishment of marketing strategies by verifying user satisfaction by the function of individual GDSs.
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Aiman, Aisha, Yao Shen, Malika Bendechache, Irum Inayat, and Teerath Kumar. "AUDD: Audio Urdu Digits Dataset for Automatic Audio Urdu Digit Recognition." Applied Sciences 11, no. 19 (September 23, 2021): 8842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11198842.
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The ongoing development of audio datasets for numerous languages has spurred research activities towards designing smart speech recognition systems. A typical speech recognition system can be applied in many emerging applications, such as smartphone dialing, airline reservations, and automatic wheelchairs, among others. Urdu is a national language of Pakistan and is also widely spoken in many other South Asian countries (e.g., India, Afghanistan). Therefore, we present a comprehensive dataset of spoken Urdu digits ranging from 0 to 9. Our dataset has 25,518 sound samples that are collected from 740 participants. To test the proposed dataset, we apply different existing classification algorithms on the datasets including Support Vector Machine (SVM), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), and flavors of the EfficientNet. These algorithms serve as a baseline. Furthermore, we propose a convolutional neural network (CNN) for audio digit classification. We conduct the experiment using these networks, and the results show that the proposed CNN is efficient and outperforms the baseline algorithms in terms of classification accuracy.
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Liu, Zaiming, Xuxiang Luo, and Jinbiao Wu. "Analysis of an M/PH/1 Retrial Queueing-Inventory System with Level Dependent Retrial Rate." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (August 14, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4125958.
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We analyze a queueing-inventory system which can model airline and railway reservation systems. An arriving customer to an idle server joins for service immediately with exactly one item from inventory at the moment of service completion if there are some on-hand inventory, or else he accesses to a buffer of varying size (the buffer capacity varies and equals to the number of the items in the inventory with maximum size S). When the buffer overflows, the customer joins an orbit of infinite capacity with probability p or is lost forever with probability 1−p. Arrivals form a Poisson process, and service time has phase type distribution. The time between any two successive retrials of the orbiting customer is exponentially distributed with parameter depending on the number of customers in the orbit. In addition, the items have a common life time with exponentially distributed. Cancellation of orders is possible before their expiry and intercancellation times are assumed to be exponentially distributed. The stability condition and steady-state probability vector have been studied by Neuts–Rao truncation method using the theory of Level Dependent Quasi-Birth-Death (LDQBD) processes. Several stationary performance measures are also computed. Furthermore, we provide numerical illustration of the system performance with variation in values of underlying parameters and analyze an optimization problem.
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Goeteyn, Geert. "EU Aviation Scene: Major Developments August 2007 – November 2007." Air and Space Law 33, Issue 2 (April 1, 2008): 155–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2008012.
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This article gives an overview of the major developments on the EU aviation scene between 1 August 2007 and 30 November 2007. During this period, ? the Commission adopted its Communication with regard to Regulation 793/2004 on slot allocation at congested European airports (section 1) and published its proposal for a new Code of Conduct for Computerized Reservation Systems (section 2); ? the Commission approved, following an in-depth investigation, the proposed acquisition of Worldspan by Galileo’s owner Travelport (section 3); and invited third parties to comment on the remedies package proposed by the members of the Skyteam alliance in order to eliminate the competition concerns identified by the Commission in its investigation of the alliance (section 4). In addition, there were important developments in the field of State aid (section 5); ? there have been a number of noteworthy European external aviation developments which are summarized in section 6; ? the European Parliament came out in support of the Commission’s proposal to include aviation in the European Emissions Trading Scheme, but made a number of fundamental amendments to the proposal. The extent to which the Commission’s proposal is controversial became abundantly clear during the ICAO September meeting, where it met fierce opposition from a large group of non-EU countries. The European Parliament’s position and the outcome of the ICAO meeting are examined in more detail in section 7; and ? the Commission published its Discussion Paper on the operation of Regulation 785/2004 on insurance requirements for air carriers and aircraft operators (section 8), and finalized its investigation (together with national authorities) into misleading airline ticket websites (section 9).
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Oktapiani Putri, Teodora Cikita, Agus Muriawan Putra, and Agung Sri Sulistyawati. "Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi konsumen memilih akomodasi pada situs tiket.com di wilayah kuta selatan." Jurnal Kepariwisataan dan Hospitalitas 5, no. 1 (June 9, 2021): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jkh.2021.v05.i01.p02.
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The travel sector is one of the products or services that are widely accessed through the internet today which are provided for inter-regional mobilities such as tourism and work trip. Therefore, more companies are emerging startups in Indonesia that are engaged in the field of airline ticket booking and hospitality accommodation. PT. The Global Ticket Network or commonly called Tiket.com is one of the online travel agent companies that provides hotel reservation services, airplane tickets and trains online. The purpose of this research is to to find out the factors that influence consumers to make decisions to choose accommodation and the dominant factors that contribute to influencing consumers to make decisions on Tiket.com sites in the South Kuta. The method of data collection is done by questionnaire, documentation, and library study. The sampling technique uses the Cochran formula with a sample error rate (sampling error) of 10%, the sample taken is 96.04 respondents and rounded up to 100 respondents and uses confirmatory factor analysis.
The results of this study explain that there are five factors that influence consumers to make a decision to choose accommodation on Tiket.com sites in the South Kuta area and named as follow: convenience and information systems (45.978%), site visual appeal (7.196%), customer service (6.117%), company image (4,530%), and purchase motivation (4,057%). The dominating factors are convenience factors and the site information system which consists of 13 variables: (1) convenience when searching for a website, (2) time spent accessing the web, (3) company domain name used, (4 ) ease when ordering, (5) complete information, (6) accurate information, (7) information presented is interesting, (8) exposure to appropriate information, (9) availability and accessibility, (10) competitive prices , (11) overall experience, (12) security of personal data, and (13) security when making payments.
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OZMEC-BAN, Maja, Ružica ŠKURLA BABIĆ, Andrija VIDOVIĆ, and Matija BRAČIĆ. "A Review of Ancillary Services Implementation in the Revenue Management Systems." Promet 34, no. 4 (July 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v34i4.4065.
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Ancillary services in air transport represent a set of services provided to passengers to choose from, enabling them to enhance their travel experience while accumu-lating additional airline revenue. Low-cost airlines pi-oneered the practice, but the separation of ancillary services from the basic service has become an intense-ly growing trend in the air transport industry over the last decade. This practice has enabled low-cost airlines to significantly reduce the price of the basic service. To remain competitive in an era of transparency provided by search engines, traditional airlines offer ancillary ser-vices in addition to the basic service. To meet the passen-ger’s needs, a whole range of ancillary services has been created. However, existing revenue management systems do not take this ancillary revenue into account when cal-culating reservation limits. If the airline knew that an in-dividual passenger is willing to pay more for ancillary services, the system would be able to adjust the availabil-ity of the service for that passenger during the booking process. A review of research on passengers’ willingness to pay for ancillary services is presented in the paper, as well as a review on research on the personalisation of ancillary services and challenges of integrating person-alised pricing into existing revenue management systems.
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"The Legal and Regulatory Implications of Airline Computer Reservation Systems." Harvard Law Review 103, no. 8 (June 1990): 1930. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1341325.
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Balslev, Lars, Sof Thrane, and Ivar Friis. "Information technology systems implementation and processes of integration and disintegration: case study evidence from Air Greenland." Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (July 31, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaoc-12-2019-0125.
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Purpose This paper aims to analyze the impact of information technology (IT) system implementation on the integration of data and information between sales and accounting departments, and how data integration affects relations with supplier and customers. Design/methodology/approach The change between three different reservation and distribution systems in an airline company was assessed over 20 years based on qualitative data collected while events unfolded and interviews that traced events retrospectively. Findings This study finds that data integration challenges affect the capacity to use revenue and sales data for control purposes and integrating with suppliers and customers. The systems either facilitated the ability to integrate sales and accounting data or enabled integration in wider supplier and customer networks. The implementation of different reservation and distribution systems resulted in a trade-off between integration within the firm and into wider customer and supplier networks. Research limitations/implications Data were mainly obtained from the focal firm, Air Greenland. The protracted study period meant that the data were not as concentrated as they would have been had the analysis been performed over a shorter duration or had the focus been on one implementation process. Originality/value Extant research suggests that integration challenges when implementing IT systems are caused by differences in information needs between groups with different logics. The authors illustrate how data integration is also a crucial challenge when implementing IT systems.
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Stoyanchev, Svetlana, Amanda Stent, and Srinivas Bangalore. "Evaluation of Semantic Dependency Labeling Across Domains." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 30, no. 1 (March 5, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v30i1.10353.
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One of the key concerns in computational semantics is to construct a domain independent semantic representation which captures the richness of natural language, yet can be quickly customized to a specific domain for practical applications. We propose to use generic semantic frames defined in FrameNet, a domain-independent semantic resource, as an intermediate semantic representation for language understanding in dialog systems. In this paper we: (a) outline a novel method for FrameNet-style semantic dependency labeling that builds on a syntactic dependency parse; and (b) compare the accuracy of domain-adapted and generic approaches to semantic parsing for dialog tasks, using a frame-annotated corpus of human-computer dialogs in an airline reservation domain.
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Cusumano, Michael A., Annabelle Gawer, and David B. Yoffie. "Can self-regulation save digital platforms?" Industrial and Corporate Change, August 20, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtab052.
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Abstract This article explores some of the critical challenges facing self-regulation and the regulatory environment for digital platforms. We examine several historical examples of firms and industries that attempted self-regulation before the Internet. All dealt with similar challenges involving multiple market actors and potentially harmful content or bias in search results: movies and video games, radio and television advertising, and computerized airline reservation systems. We follow this historical discussion with examples of digital platforms in the Internet era that have proven problematic in similar ways, with growing calls for government intervention through sectoral regulation and content controls. We end with some general guidelines for when and how specific types of platform businesses might self-regulate more effectively. Although our sample is small and exploratory, the research suggests that a combination of self-regulation and credible threats of government regulation may yield the best results. We also note that effective self-regulation need not happen exclusively at the level of the firm. When it is in their collective self-interest, as occurred before the Internet era, coalitions of firms within the same market and with similar business models may agree to abide by a jointly accepted set of rules or codes of conduct.
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Yazina, Viktoriia, Marharyta Kucher, and Nataliia Nebaba. "THE CONCEPT OF AUTOMATION AND FEATURES OF APPLICATION OF MODERN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AT THE ENTERPRISES OF THE HOTEL AND RESTAURANT." Black Sea Economic Studies, no. 75 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.32843/bses.75-9.
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The article is devoted to the theme of the formation and development of automation of enterprises in the hotel and restaurant industry. In today's world, the technogenic sphere of mankind is represented by a large number of artifacts that differ in the degree of automation: mechanical robotic devices, conveyor systems, servomechanisms, automated rolling mills, logistics systems involved in transport, warehouses, vehicle management, computer networks and more. It is clear that the introduction of automated technologies in different sectors always reduces the amount of human labor required. The beginning of automation processes is based on the need to implement, first of all, means and methods of control at each stage of the production cycle, so there is a need to automate control operations. It quickly became clear that automation could not be considered as a technical device, or even a combination of them. This concept, first of all, should be understood as a dynamic process of the life cycle of goods, products, services from their planning to implementation through the use of different technological approaches. The existing scientific theoretical works of both domestic and world authors are studied, analyzed and summarized, special attention is paid to studying and giving examples of the practical application of various areas of using the possibilities of automated production. The possibilities and prospects of three different levels of automation, which are presented in the modern market of services, are considered in detail. Different types of production automation used in modern conditions are analyzed. The use of an effective concept of automation at the enterprises of the hotel and restaurant industry is proposed. Automation of the service sector is a modern progressive direction that allows you to transform and implement the provision of services in many sectors of the economy, in particular in the hotel and restaurant industry. In the field of tourism, the automation of hotel and restaurant and airline reservation systems has also allowed to automate information, booking and procurement systems, which has significantly improved and expanded the operational capabilities of travel agencies and their clients.
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"Airline Deregulation, Computerized Reservation Systems, and Travel Agents. J. A. F. Nicholls. FIU Hospitality Review, vol. 3, no. 2, 1985, pp. 61-65. School of Hospitality Management, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199. $7.50 annual subscription." Journal of Travel Research 25, no. 1 (July 1986): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004728758602500124.
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