Relevant bibliographies by topics / Airspace (Law)

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Airspace (Law)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Airspace (Law)"

1

Mendes de Leon, Pablo. "National Reflexes Following the COVID-19 Outbreak: Is Sovereignty Back in the Air?" Air and Space Law 45, Special issue (July 1, 2020): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2020047.

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States have closed their national airspaces in the past for a variety of reasons which may pertain to environmental concerns, safety, security, politics or war. The global spreading of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus sheds a new light on closure of the airspace because, for the first time in the history of air law, measures are taken to protect the health of the resident population on a global scale. COVID-19, closure of airspace, national reflexes, sovereignty, European positions
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Setiani, Baiq. "Konsep Kedaulatan Negara di Ruang Udara dan Upaya Penegakan Pelanggaran Kedaulatan oleh Pesawat Udara Asing." Jurnal Konstitusi 14, no. 3 (January 9, 2018): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.31078/jk1432.

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Pengakuan dunia internasional akan wilayah udara sebagai bagian dari kedaulatan negara memberikan legitimasi yang kuat bagi Indonesia sebagai suatu negara yang luas. Namun kondisi ini dapat berubah manakala Indonesia tidak mampu menguasai wilayah kedirgantaraannya sebagai penopang ekonomi dan pertahanan nasional. Ditambah dengan masalah pelanggaran batas kedaulatan yang sering dilakukan oleh pesawat militer negara asing. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi tiga permasalahan, yaitu (1) bagaimana konsep kedaulatan negara di ruang udara menurut hukum internasional dan peraturan perundangan nasional, (2) apa saja bentuk pelanggaran kedaulatan negara di ruang udara nasional, dan (3) bagaimana upaya penegakan atas pelanggaran kedaulatan negara di ruang udara nasional dalam menjaga pertahanan negara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach), pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach), serta pendekatan perbandingan (comparative approach). Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa (1) baik hukum internasional dan peraturan perundangan nasional telah mengukuhkan kedaulatan negara di ruang udara yang bersifat penuh dan utuh (complete and exclusive), (2) sejumlah insiden pelanggaran izin masuk dan melintasnya pesawat-pesawat asing ke wilayah udara Indonesia, di mana kebanyakan dari pesawat asing tersebut adalah pesawat militer, dan (3) upaya penegakan atas pelanggaran kedaulatan di wilayah ruang udara nasional, antara lain penegakan hukum terhadap pelanggaran wilayah udara kedaulatan Republik Indonesia dan pelanggaran terhadap kawasan udara terlarang, baik kawasan udara nasional maupun asing.International recognition of airspace as part of state sovereignty gives strong legitimacy to Indonesia as a wide country. However, this condition can be changed when Indonesia can’t control the airspace territory as a pillar of the economic and national defense. The problem increase with several sovereignty violations where that often perpetrated by military aircraft of foreign countries. This research was conducted by identifying three issues, those are (1) how does the concept of state sovereignty over the airspace according to international law and national legislation, (2) what kind of state sovereignty violation over the national airspace, and (3) how does the enforcement efforts on state sovereignty violations in the national airspace maintaining the country’s defense. The method of this research used normative legal research with statute approach, conceptual approach, and comparative approach. This research concluded (1) both the international law and national legislation have confirmed the country’s sovereignty over the airspace are complete and exclusive, (2) number of incidents of breach entry and passage of the foreign aircrafts to Indonesian airspace, which most of the foreign aircraft are military aircraft, and (3) the enforcement effort of sovereignty violations over the national airspace is law enforcement against sovereignty violations over the Republic of Indonesia airspace and the violation of prohibited airspace, both of national and foreign airspaces.
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Kareng, Yaya. "INTERNATIONAL AVIATION/AIRSPACE LAW AN OVERVIEW." International Journal of Law Reconstruction 4, no. 1 (April 28, 2020): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/ijlr.v4i1.10941.

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Aviation law is the branch of law that concerns flight, air travel, and associated legal and business concerns. Some of its area of concern overlaps that of admiralty law and, in many cases, aviation law is considered a matter of international law due to the nature of air travel. However, the business aspects of airlines and their regulation also fall under aviation law. In the international realm, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) provides general rules and mediates international concerns to an extent regarding aviation law. The ICAO is a specialized agency of the United Nations. In the United States and in most European nations, aviation law is considered a federal or state-level concern and is regulated at that level. In the U.S., states cannot govern aviation matters in most cases directly but look to Federal laws and case law for this function instead. For example, a court recently struck down New York's Passenger Bill of Rights law because regulation of aviation is traditionally a federal concern. Aviation law, however, is not in the United States held under the same Federal mandate of jurisdiction as admiralty law; that is, while the United States Constitution provides for the administration of admiralty,[1] it does not provide such for aviation law. States and municipalities do have some indirect regulation over aviation. For example, zoning laws can require an airport to be located away from residential areas, and airport usage can be restricted to certain times of day. State product-liabilitys law are not preempted by Federal law and in most cases, aviation manufacturers may be held strictly liable for defects in aviation products. Space law, which governs matters in outer space beyond the Earth's atmosphere, is a rather new area of law but one that already has its own journals and academic support. Much of space law is connected to aviation law.
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Kaiser, Stefan A. "UAVs and Their Integration into Non-segregated Airspace." Air and Space Law 36, Issue 2 (April 1, 2011): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2011019.

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Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become a reality in military aviation. It is only a matter of time before we see civilian UAVs in manifold roles. Unlike military UAVs, operations of civilian UAVs cannot rely on specially designated and reserved (military) airspace. Therefore, one of the key issues for using UAVs for civilian purposes will be their integration into non-segregated common airspace. The author proposes a multi-tier approach for integrating different classes of UAVs into different classes of airspace. Certification of airworthiness is linked to this solution. Depending on the class of UAVs, regulatory parameters relating to airspace, flight rules, and certification are discussed. The goal is a realistic road map for the integration of UAVs into non-segregated airspace.
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Gaveika, Artūrs. "THE INSTITUTIONAL COMPETENCE OF THE BORDER CONTROL OF THE AIRSPACE OF LATVIA." Latgale National Economy Research 1, no. 5 (October 21, 2013): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/lner2013vol1.5.1153.

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This paper reflects the problematic issues regarding the legal framework of Latvian airspace border control. Currently the legal framework in relation to airspace border control in Latvia is rather confusing and incomplete since there is no specific division between responsibilities of certain authorities and compliance to international airspace regulations as well as the competence of the NATO in the control of national airspace regime. Therefore it is essential to evaluate the functions and available resources of the State Border Guard as a law enforcement institution within the context of Border Guard law regarding the responsibility of the State Border Guard together with National Armed Forces in prevention and repelling of attacks on the airspace of the territory of Latvia.
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Barus, Yan Jefri. "Jurisdiction Of A Country’s Air Territorry In International Law Perspective." Journal of Law Science 3, no. 3 (July 30, 2021): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.35335/jls.v3i3.1673.

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The sovereignty of a country is no longer absolute or absolute, but at certain limits it must respect the sovereignty of other countries, which are regulated through international law. This is what became known as the relative sovereignty of the state. In the context of international law, a sovereign state must essentially obey and respect international law, as well as the sovereignty and territorial integrity of other countries. The problem in this research is How is the JURISDICTION of a country's airspace? What are the principles of air law adopted by nations in the world (internationally)? How is the JURISDICTION of a country's airspace in the perspective of international law? Its basic function is to show the way to solve research problems. The airspace contained above the land area, inland waters, and territorial sea is included in the jurisdiction of a country. This can be seen from article 1 of the Chicago Convention 1944 concerning International Civil Aviation: "State sovereignty in the air space above its territorial area is complete and exclusive sovereignity". This provision is one of the main pillars of international law governing air space. The principles of international air law include the principle of airspace sovereignty, the principle of JURISDICTION of air space, and the principle of responsibility. The principles in jurisdiction are the principle of territorial, national, passive personality, protection or security, universality, and crime according to applicable legal criteria. In relation to state jurisdiction in airspace, very closely related to law enforcement in the airspace. With jurisdiction, the country concerned has the authority and responsibility in the air to carry out law enforcement in air space.
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Zhao, Hong Chao, Xiu Xia Yang, and Zhao Qing Song. "Variable Structure Guidance Law for Supersonic Missile to Maneuver in Large Airspace." Applied Mechanics and Materials 433-435 (October 2013): 986–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.433-435.986.

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The large airspace varying trajectory is modified to large airspace spiral maneuver trajectory, in order to improve the penetration effect of a supersonic anti-warship missile against enemy long-distance ship-to-air missile (LDSAM). In the descent phase the missile may suffer the interception of LDSAM, so the descent phase is modified to spiral maneuver descent trajectory. A variable structure guidance law is designed firstly. On the basis of it, a variable structure guidance law with spiral maneuver is proposed, in order to realize the large airspace spiral maneuver trajectory. The simulation results show that the proposed guidance law can guide the supersonic anti-warship missile to realize the large airspace spiral maneuver trajectory. The entire missiles performance indexes satisfy the flight requirement.
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Tiwery, Zepty Fence, Irma Halima Hanafi, and Welly Angela Riry. "Pelanggaran Wilayah Udara Indonesia Oleh Pesawat Asing Menurut Hukum Internasional." Balobe Law Journal 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.47268/balobe.v4i1.2046.

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Introductioan: Indonesian airspace violation committed by a foreign aircraft in the case of the forced landing of a Boeing 777 foreign cargo plane on January 14, 2019. The aircraft entered Indonesian airspace without permission or Flight Clearance (FC) so it had to be forcibly landed by the Indonesian Air Force at Hang Nadim International Airport, Batam, Riau Islands. Such violations are clearly contrary to applicable law.Purposes of the Research: Know the regulation of Indonesian airspace according to international law and how law enforcement in Indonesian airspace.Methods of the Research: Normative juridical which conducts research on law based on laws and regulations related to the problem under study. The research approach carried out is the concept approach, legislation approach and case approach.Results of the Research: The regulation of Indonesian airspace according to international law must use the provisions of international law such as the Chicago Convention of 1944 and Law No.1 of 2009, Government Regulation No.4 of 2018 and Law No.34 of 2004. Law enforcement in Indonesian airspace still experiences limitations and obstacles due to the fact that foreign aircraft can enter. Therefore, there are still many obstacles in surveillance and defense equipment because it does not have radar that has the ability to detect incoming foreign aircraft so that the TNI must coordinate first..
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Vodolaskova, Kateryna, and Svitlana Holovko. "HISTORICAL ASPECTS AND OVERVIEW OF LEGAL UNDERSTANDING OF AIRSPACE SOVEREIGNTY CONCEPT." Scientific works of National Aviation University. Series: Law Journal "Air and Space Law" 1, no. 66 (March 31, 2023): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18372/2307-9061.66.17411.

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Goal: define different ideas of the concept of "sovereignty in aviation space" and consider the stages of development of the concept of airspace sovereignty in the context of the airspace bordering the territory of the state. Research methods: documentary analysis and synthesis, comparative analysis, cognitive and analytical, as well as methods of systematization and generalizations. Results: the analysis of legal acts of international significance in the field of aviation law, which determined the modern understanding of the concept of sovereignty in airspace, was carried out. Discussion: deep analysis made it possible to determine that the official recognition of airspace sovereignty under international law gave all states the right to establish rules and exercise sovereign control of any power over their sovereign airspace.
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Mendes de Leon, Pablo. "The End of Closed Airspace in the Middle East: A Final Move on the Regional Chess Board?" Air and Space Law 46, Issue 2 (April 1, 2021): 299–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2021015.

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Closure of airspace has become a new topic on the aviation agenda of the twenty-first century. States adopted this measure to begin with on 11 September 2002. The US closed its airspace for about five days after the occurrence of this tragedy in New York for all air traffic. European States did the same after the eruption of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull in 2010. Pakistan shut its airspace in February 2019 after India carried out an air strike against a presumably terrorist training camp in Pakistani territory. While the above measures could be labelled as ‘incidental’ in terms of time period, the closures of airspace implemented in the second half of the second decade of this century are more ‘systematic’. They last longer and have a deeper background. Reference is made to the closure of airspace in the Middle East, and in practically all States following the outbreak of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This brief paper will focus on the closure of airspace in the Middle East, which came to an end in January 2020, and pay attention to the regulatory proceedings surrounding it. These can only be understood against the wider political, historical and perhaps also religious background. Those factors contribute to the fragility of the legal arrangements underpinning the diplomatic deal. closure of airspace, sovereignty and territorial jurisdiction, non-discrimination, air traffic services, compensation of damages
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Airspace (Law)"

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Hornik, Jiří. "Navigation in airspace - a legal trichotomy." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=34011.

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The invention of the airship and subsequently, at the beginning of the last century, of the airplane made legislators think about comprehensive legal regulation of navigation in airspace. The scope of the first laws and international treaties was limited to the regulation of navigation performed by a vehicle deriving its support in the air from reactions against the air, either aerostatic or aerodynamic. As technical developments have advanced, new vehicles capable of navigating in airspace have been invented using different principles of support in the air. Due to their different support in the air, they fail to comply with the definition of aircraft in its present wording, as set forth in the regulatory system of the Chicago Convention, the only multilateral international treaty dealing with basic aspects of navigation in airspace.
Generally, there are at present three categories of vehicles capable of navigating in airspace---non-aircraft, state aircraft, and civil aircraft. Consequently, there are three legal frameworks---a legal trichotomy---to apply for navigation in the air. An analysis of this trichotomy and its impact on the safety of navigation is the objective of this thesis. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Park, Won-Hwa. "The boundary of the airspace and International Law /." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66216.

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Trepczynski, Susan J. "Edge of space : emerging technologies, the 'new' space industry, and the continuing debate on the delimitation of outer space." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101829.

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Nearly fifty years have passed since the beginning of the space age, but international lawmakers have yet to determine where airspace ends and outer space begins. This paper examines the need to settle the boundary dispute, specifically taking into account the effect it has on emerging technologies and the 'new' space industry.
The opening chapter examines the fundamental changes that have occurred since the beginning of the space age, both in terms of the technology and the space exploration infrastructure. The background of the delimitation question is then provided, followed by a discussion of the legal significance of the boundary issue. The final chapter analyzes the spatialist and functionalist approaches to the delimitation of outer space, looking at the pros and cons of each position.
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Halstead, C. Brandon. ""There is no gravity ... " proposal for a new legal paradigm for air law and space law : orbit law." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100240.

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As the debate over demarcation between airspace and outer space remains unresolved, advancements in technology are bringing these two realms of flight closer than ever before. Rather than relying on traditional functional or spatial approaches to define the legal framework of flight, this paper proposes a completely new legal system based on orbital status known as "Orbit Law."
The first chapter examines the functional versus spatial debate, and highlights those aspects of existing International Air Law and Space Law which may be useful to an Orbit Law regime. Chapter II studies the science bridging air flight with space flight, and proposes the standardization of safety requirements for all suborbital and orbital flights. Finally Chapter III outlines the new legal principles of Orbit Law, highlighting innovative submissions for suborbital and orbital flights, solutions to issues of liability, and "Open Skies" for all flights.
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Grief, Nicholas. "Public international law in the airspace of the high seas." Thesis, University of Kent, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293127.

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Reinhardt, Dean N. "The vertical limit of state sovereignty /." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83956.

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There is no international agreement on the vertical limit of State sovereignty, the boundary between territorial airspace and outer space. The need for defining this boundary has been debated for over 50 years. Today, the need to settle this gap in the law is growing in importance. This thesis concludes that setting a low vertical limit on State sovereignty is the best approach because it will allow all States free access to space and enable uniform international rules to be set at a relatively low altitude.
Chapter I discusses territorial sovereignty and examines the evolution of vertical sovereignty. It then compares this to the evolution of the law governing territorial seas and concludes by examining the airspace laws of several States. Chapter II reviews the reasons demarcation is important. Chapter III discusses past proposals for demarcation and recommends setting a low vertical limit on State sovereignty.
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Oduntan, Olugbenga Toluwaleke. "Sovereignty and jurisdiction in the airspace and outer space : legal criteria for spatial delimitation." Thesis, University of Kent, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269114.

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Peterson, Mark Edward. "The UAV and the current and future regulatory construct for integration into the national airspace system /." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99149.

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Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ("UAV") have been a part of aviation from the infancy of manned aviation; yet, have not reached their fullest potential as they are not integrated into the national airspace system ("NAS"). However, we are at the edge of technological breakthroughs to make integration a reality. Nevertheless, the regulatory construct necessary to provide safe integration of UAVs is unfinished. This thesis looks at necessary regulatory changes within the United States to allow for integration of the UAV into the NAS. I will first define the UAV and look at its historical roots. Then, I will review existing regulations and directives of manned flight that would apply to UAVs, as well as various rules specifically for UAVs that now exist. Through this examination, I will review the gaps and offer recommendations to fill regulatory holes in hopes to provide a useful contribution to the eventual integrated flight of UAVs.
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Numan, Bsharat. "Current developmentsn air lav." Thesis, Вектор, 2020. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/45035.

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Bsharat Numan Current developmentsn air lav // ІІІ Міжнародний молодіжний науковий юридичний форум: [Матеріали форуму, м. Київ, Національний авіаційний університет, 14-15 травня 2020 р.] Том 2. - Тернопіль: Вектор, 2020. - С. 166-168.
Civil aviation is increasingly playing a role in the transportation of passengers and luggage, in the functioning of the tourism business and more. International regulations play an important role in the implementation of air transportation. For the further development of civil aviation there is an urgent need to improve the rules of international law.
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Numan, Bsharat. "Current developmentsn air lav." Thesis, Вектор, 2020. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/46861.

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Bsharat Numan Current developmentsn air lav // ІІІ Міжнародний молодіжний науковий юридичний форум: [Матеріали форуму, м. Київ, Національний авіаційний університет, 14-15 травня 2020 р.] Том 2. - Тернопіль: Вектор, 2020. - С. 166-168.
Civil aviation is increasingly playing a role in the transportation of passengers and luggage, in the functioning of the tourism business and more. International regulations play an important role in the implementation of air transportation. For the further development of civil aviation there is an urgent need to improve the rules of international law.
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Books on the topic "Airspace (Law)"

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Konstantinov, Emil. Svobodite na vŭzdukha v dogovorite na NRB za mezhdunarodni vŭzdushni sŭobshtenii͡a︡. Sofii͡a︡: Izd-vo na Bŭlgarskata akademii͡a︡ na naukite, 1989.

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Konstantinov, Emil. Svobodite na vŭzdukha v dogovorite na NRB za mezhdunarodni vŭzdushni sŭobshtenii︠a︡. Sofii︠a︡: Izd-vo na Bŭlgarskata akademii︠a︡ na naukite, 1989.

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S, Rubén Rivadeneira. El Ecuador y el derecho aeroespacial. Quito, Ecuador: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, 1987.

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Lübben, Natalie. Das Recht auf freie Benutzung des Luftraums. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 1993.

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FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION. Airspace designations and reporting points. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, 1993.

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Grief, Nicholas. Public international law in the airspace of the high seas. Dordrecht: M. Nijhoff Publishers, 1994.

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Schladebach, Marcus. Lufthoheit: Kontinuität und Wandel. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2014.

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Pramono, Agus. Dasar-dasar hukum udara dan ruang angkasa. Ciawi, Bogor: Ghalia Indonesia, 2011.

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ADMINISTRATION, FEDERAL AVIATION. Compilation of regulations. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, 1991.

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Giokarēs, Angelos S. Diethnes dikaio enaeriou chōrou. Athēna: Nomikē Vivliothēkē, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Airspace (Law)"

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Fafard, Alexis J. D. "Canadian Airspace." In Canadian Air Law for Pilots, 415–31. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3599-2_12.

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Becerra, Jairo, Paula Pérez, and Laura Duarte. "Borders in Airspace and Outer Space." In Frontiers – Law, Theory and Cases, 71–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13607-8_4.

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Defossez, Delphine. "The Brazilian national ‘liberalisation’." In The Law and Regulation of Airspace Liberalisation in Brazil, 125–39. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003252788-7.

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Defossez, Delphine. "State intervention." In The Law and Regulation of Airspace Liberalisation in Brazil, 181–207. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003252788-9.

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Defossez, Delphine. "Consumer protection." In The Law and Regulation of Airspace Liberalisation in Brazil, 208–34. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003252788-10.

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Defossez, Delphine. "The repercussions of the EU liberalisation." In The Law and Regulation of Airspace Liberalisation in Brazil, 63–94. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003252788-4.

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Defossez, Delphine. "Conclusion." In The Law and Regulation of Airspace Liberalisation in Brazil, 235–37. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003252788-11.

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Defossez, Delphine. "The Brazilian legal system." In The Law and Regulation of Airspace Liberalisation in Brazil, 97–124. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003252788-6.

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Defossez, Delphine. "Setting up the scene." In The Law and Regulation of Airspace Liberalisation in Brazil, 1–27. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003252788-1.

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Defossez, Delphine. "Historical perspective on liberalisation of the aviation sector." In The Law and Regulation of Airspace Liberalisation in Brazil, 31–62. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003252788-3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Airspace (Law)"

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Sudiro, Amad, and Jeannette Natawidjaja. "State Sovereignty Over the Airspace on the Perspective of International Air Law (A Study of the Delegation of Airspace Management of Batam and Natuna Island to Singapore)." In The 2nd Tarumanagara International Conference on the Applications of Social Sciences and Humanities (TICASH 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201209.114.

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Brisibe, Tare. "Broadcasting - Satellite Services in Airspace of the High Seas: some Legal and Regulatory Considerations." In 54th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, the International Academy of Astronautics, and the International Institute of Space Law. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-03-iisl.2.03.

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Mattei, F. "Enhanced radar detection of small remotely piloted aircraft in U-space scenario." In Aerospace Science and Engineering. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902677-3.

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Abstract. Efficient and safe integration of Unmanned Aerial Systems, both civil and military ones, must be guaranteed in the airspace, which is expected to be threated by problems of collisions, loss of communications and congestion of the air traffic environment. One of the main issues is how to improve the identification of unmanned aircrafts in the low altitude airspace. The identification process, that includes detection, verification, and recognition phases, is affected by different problems such as the difficulty of distinguishing Unmanned Aircraft Vehicles from other small flying objects as birds, because of their similar Radar Cross Section (RCS). To improve this process, an enhancement of the RCS can be a solution. The purpose of my PhD is to find the best passive and active solution for the following assignment.
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Goncharova, Elena A., Dmitry A. Goncharov, Melane Fehrenbach, Irene Khavin, Blerina Ducka, Okio Hino, Mervyn J. Merrilees, Angela Haczku, Steven M. Albelda, and Vera P. Krymskaya. "Alveolar Destruction And Airspace Enlargement In TSC2-Null Murine Model Of LAM And Its Therapeutic Targeting." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a6691.

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Meinert, Tobias, Mauricio Chaves-Vargas, David Bierbüsse, Eduard Heidebrecht, Renato Negra Renato Negra, and Kai-Uwe Schröder. "upBUS – Electrical, autonomous driving, transmodular bus for public transport systems." In FISITA World Congress 2021. FISITA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/f2020-dgt-012.

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Worldwide, regions are on the verge of collapse due to the ongoing urbanization and an increasing number of cars. In order to relieve overcrowded streets, the airspace above the ground must be opened for urban mobility. Aircraft taxis are the logical option to develop urban airspace for private transport. However from a long-term perspective, these won't be the solution to the aforementioned traffic congestion problems. In addition to the high energy consumption, aircraft taxis would rather shift individual traffic from the ground level to the airspace. Therefore, only a further development of public transport will be able to solve current and future problems. upBUS offers the solution by combining the development of two different transport systems, urban ropeways and autonomous electric busses. Ropeway systems are an ideal solution to use the airspace above the street level. They are known for their low investment and operating costs, their short construction times without traffic obstruction, minimal space and energy requirements, as well as enormous routing flexibility. On the other hand, ropeways are characterized by the problem of network integration, as the stations cannot be positioned in any necessary place. There are also areas, such as historic towns, which cannot be crossed by ropeways. The upBUS approach is to merge urban ropeways and autonomous mini buses into a modular system. On the ground level the vehicles act as autonomous electric buses. In a ropeway station they transform into a ropeway cabin. This transformation process works fully automatically during operation and passengers do not have to switch between different transportation systems. The upBUS vehicle consists of three parts. The electric drive technology and all sensors for autonomous driving are integrated into a skateboard which acts as the driving unit. The ropeway provides a suspension with a connector plate. The third part, the passenger cabin, can either connect to the driving unit or to the connector plate of the ropeway suspension. Thereby, upBUS benefits from the flexibility of buses in combination with the high passenger throughput of urban ropeways. With the upBUS concept, urban ropeways are not a stand-alone solution any longer and can be easily integrated into the public transportation system. The key technology of this transformation concept can be separated into three parts. First, a specific kind of coupling radar is developed, which provides precise positioning data in order to align the bus with the ropeway suspension. If the parts are aligned within the range of a few centimeters a lifting mechanism in the driving unit hoists the cabin into the suspension. Guiding elements align the two parts within a few millimeters. At this point coupling-interfaces on the roof of the cabin couple with counterparts on the suspension while coupling-interfaces between driving unit and cabin decouple. The cabin leaves the station as a ropeway. The transformation process works vice versa. This paper explains in detail the advantages of this new mobility system and describes the technical parts of the transformation process by designing a first prototype which demonstrates the key-technology in November 2020.
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Coopmans, Calvin, Long Di, Austin Jensen, Aaron A. Dennis, and YangQuan Chen. "Improved Architecture Designs for a Low Cost Personal Remote Sensing Platform: Flight Control and Safety." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48167.

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Remote sensing is a field traditionally dominated by expensive, large-scale operations. This paper presents our efforts to improve our unmanned aircraft (UA) platforms for low-cost personal remote sensing purposes. Safety concerns are first emphasized regarding the local airspace and multiple fail-safe features are shown in the current system. Then the AggieAir unmanned system architecture is briefly described including the Paparazzi UA autopilot, AggieAir JAUS implementation, AggieNav navigation unit and payload integration. Some preliminary flight test results and images acquired using an example thermal IR payload system are also shown. Finally Multi-UAV and heterogeneous platform capabilities are discussed with respect to their applications. Based on our approaches on the new architecture design, personal remote sensing on smaller-scale operations can be more beneficial and common.
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Alexander, Rex, and Jonathan Daniels. "Developing Sustainable Urban Air Mobility Infrastructure that is Efficient, Safe and Regulatory Compliant." In Vertical Flight Society 76th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0076-2020-16408.

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This paper examines the historical relationship between existing standards, codes, and best practices as it correlates to successful as well as unsuccessful low altitude aviation infrastructure, e.g. heliports for helicopters. This historical relationship is then examined as to how it may apply to the development of future standards and practices for infrastructure in support of Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) and Urban Air Mobility (UAM). There is a welldocumented and strong correlation between correctly designed helicopter infrastructure as it pertains to safety and sustainability with several valuable lessons learned that can be directly applied to this new transportation model. However, there are also areas of interest such as terminology, compliance requirements, oversight, data integrity, forms and records, ordinances, survey criteria, airspace protection, and federal funding, to name a few, where there are obvious opportunity for improvement going forward. This paper seeks to highlight many of the key lessons learned from the past as well as opportunities for improvement in preparing for the future.
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Feldman, Jolene, Gregory Costedoat, Lynne Martin, and Vimmy Gujral. "Usability of pre-flight planning interfaces for Supplemental Data Service Provider tools to support Uncrewed Aircraft System Traffic Management." In AHFE 2023 Hawaii Edition. AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004333.

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Small uncrewed aircraft systems (sUASs) operate in low-altitude, uncontrolled airspace – where support services for their operators (UASOs) are not currently provided. NASA’s System-Wide Safety (SWS) project is identifying the potential risks and hazards to sUAS operations to provide, inform, and improve the designs of In-time Aviation Safety Management Systems (IASMS). The IASMS will include a suite of data-driven tools that compile and analyze data collected from aviation systems and environmental sources to predict hazards, and provide information to allow operators to mitigate these risks (Young et al., 2020). These risk and hazard services can be run and displayed to operators on graphical user interfaces (GUIs), as they relate to a vehicle(s)’ route of flight. These interfaces offer both a means to present hazard service output and offer an opportunity to test user understanding of the information, user decision making, and the best ways to present such data to an operator. Based on these future technologies and intended missions, it is important to investigate interface requirements and evaluate how operators might use these tools. Presenting salient and meaningful risk assessment information to operators is necessary to increase situation awareness and ultimately safety. Building on previous research (Feldman et al., 2022), a usability study comparing two GUIs was conducted to explore how individuals interacted with different styles of information displays. A series of pre-flight hazard and risk-assessment tasks were developed to evaluate participant performance using the Supplemental Data Service Provider Consolidated Dashboard and the Human Automation Team Interface System interfaces. Participants were trained to use both GUIs and their performance was analysed across different scenarios involving multiple sUASs. Performance on simple tasks and the System Usability Scale scores were reported by Feldman et al., 2023. Additional analyses and evaluations on more complex tasks (e.g., risk assessment, prioritization), workload and response times are examined in this paper.
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Khan, Hikmat, Charles Johnson, Nidhal Bouaynaya, Ghulam Rasool, Tyler Travis, and Lacey Thompson. "Explainable AI: Rotorcraft Attitude Prediction." In Vertical Flight Society 76th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0076-2020-16344.

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Rotorcrafts are generally subject to a higher fatal accident rate than other segments of aviation, including commercial and general aviation. The safety improvement for rotorcrafts would directly improve the efficiency of air traffic control, since rotorcrafts operate primarily within low-level airspace; an area that is becoming increasingly complex with new entrants, such as unmanned aircraft systems and urban air mobility. The recent impact of artificial intelligence and deep learning algorithms on various aspects of our lives has led to the investigation of the application of these algorithms in the aviation domain; as it may offer a prime opportunity to enhance safety within the aviation community. In this research, we explore the efficacy, reliability, and, more importantly, the explainability of modern deep learning algorithms. We use machine learning models to predict the attitude (pitch and yaw) of rotorcrafts using video data recorded with ordinary cameras. The cameras were mounted inside the helicopter cockpit and recorded outside view through windshield continually during the flight. We train four different architectures of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), i.e., VGG16, VGG19, ResNet50, and Xception. The models achieved 90%, 91%, 88%, and 88%, respectively, average attitude prediction accuracy on the test video dataset. Furthermore, we use gradient class activation maps (grad-CAM) to ascertain the features and regions of the image that influenced the model to make a specific prediction. We show that CNNs learn to focus on similar features as human operators (pilots), i.e., the natural horizon curve. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of using deep learning models for attitude prediction from f light videos recorded using ordinary inexpensive cameras. The proposed video analytics framework provides a cost-effective means to supplement traditional Flight Data Recorders (FDR); a technology that is often beyond the financial reach of most general aviation rotorcraft operators.
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Trajcevska, Daniela. "UNMANNED AIRCRAFT: CIVIL USE AND THREATS IN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA." In SECURITY HORIZONS. Faculty of Security- Skopje, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20544/icp.2.5.21.p11.

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In the last decade we have been witnessing the expansive development of the Unmanned Aircraft (UNR) in the world also known as “drones”. Initially, they were developed in the military sector during the World War II, but today they have a mass application for military and civilian goals. The Governments in the World usually use drones for reconnaissance, surveillance, or combined target acquisition and precision strikes, and they also carry out a wider range of tasks for commercial uses including transport in delivery of goods, agriculture, civil infrastructure inspection, search and rescue, aerial images and videos, wireless covering, for leisure use by private individuals, etc. In the Republic of North Macedonia about 1000 UNR are used by civilian personnel and companies;1 only 84 UNR were registered in the Civil Aviation Agency of the Republic of North Macedonia (CAA)2 during the last year. Most of the flights with UNR on the territory of the Republic of North Macedonia are carried out more in urban areas than in rural, and 40% of the flights were made in Skopje from June to December 2018. In the upcoming years, following the world trends, the development of the UNR technology, the relatively low price (from few tens up to a hundred thousand of euros) and the big accessibility, will cause a rapid proliferation in the civil use of UARs in the country. Of course, the large diffusion of UARs raises a series of discussions about the security and privacy of the people and their property and risks to other airspace user. In this paper we will present an overview of UAVs applicability and potential threats in the civil sector in the Republic of North Macedonia. The main source of data are statistical data from CAA. Various contents (study papers, newspaper articles, interviews, guides, regulations, etc.) related to the civil use of UAVs and the threats of it, will be analyzed. Keywords: Unmanned Aircraft (UNR), drone, civil use of UNR, threat
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Reports on the topic "Airspace (Law)"

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Olstad, Tyra, Brian Peterson, J. M. Hutchinson, J. Beeco, and Damon Joyce. Exploring spatial patterns of overflights at Bryce Canyon National Park. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2304315.

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This study explored spatial patterns of overflights at Bryce Canyon National Park (BRCA). Overflights were analyzed from August 14, 2023 to March 12, 2024 using Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) data. Phase 1 of analysis focused on all overflights and found airspace use was predominantly by commuter traffic along major flight paths. Phase 2 of analysis focused on low-level overflights that fly below 11,500 ft mean sea level (MSL) and fly within 10-miles of the BRCA boundary. It found that most flights occurred between 9,500?10,500 ft MSL. Flights below 8,500 ft MSL concentrated around the Bryce Canyon Airport just outside the park and the main scenic amphitheater within the park. Phase 3 of analysis removed all overflights that were civil patrol flights, major airlines, and survey flights. The remaining flights were low-level overflights, including air tours. Kernel density analysis revealed that these flights were most concentrated in the northwest corner of the park at an altitude interval of was 501?1,000 ft above ground level (AGL). The greatest percentage of flights were between 1,500?2,000 ft AGL, clustered over the main amphitheater and Fairyland / Tropic Ditch. Midday was the most popular time of day for overflights. Two thirds of the flights were by fixed-wing single engine aircraft, with relatively few rotorcraft. This information can be used for planning and management purposes, as well as a resource and baseline for future research.
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Mahmassani, Hani, Christopher Cummings, Vasileios Volakakis, Laurence Audenaerd, and Jessica De La Paz. Advancing Air Mobility in Illinois. Illinois Center for Transportation, February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/24-006.

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Advanced air mobility (AAM) is a nascent market within the aviation sector of Illinois’ transportation system, promising enhanced movement of people and cargo to previously inaccessible or underserved locations. This project addresses AAM’s prospects and impacts in the state. The research encompasses several tasks, starting with an examination of the current and projected state of the AAM industry, including pertinent regulations, technology advancements, and key industry players. Task two involves identifying the potential scale, operational profiles, and safety considerations of AAM within Illinois. Task three addresses the diverse geographic and operational environments across the state, encompassing urban, suburban, rural, intra-regional, and inter-regional areas, as well as congested and uncongested airspace. Moreover, the project aims to explore how AAM may influence Illinois’ overall transportation system, including surface and aviation components. The surface transportation system aspect involves investigating potential vehicular traffic impacts, shifts, and reductions, while the aviation system aspect includes assessing the interaction with unmanned aircraft systems, helicopters, and low-level traffic as well as airport access and routing considerations. Enabling infrastructure and facility requirements, such as communication, surface transportation access, landing facilities, power and fuel availability, and utilities, are identified in task five. Subsequently, state-level policy and regulatory recommendations, aligned with federal and state statutes, are developed in task six, considering the Illinois Aviation System Plan. Last, the research provides a high-level assessment of potential impacts, encompassing economic, social, and environmental aspects. The project’s outcomes are expected to enhance Illinois Department of Transportation’s preparedness for AAM implementation, contributing to the progressive integration of this transformative aviation technology within the state’s transportation landscape.
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