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Journal articles on the topic 'Airway obstruction. Compression of lung tissue'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Muralinath, E., Devi. Pooja, Ch.Nath Nikhil, et al. "Exploring Pharmacological Interventions for Atelectasis: A Comprehensive Overview." Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews in Medical & Medicine 1, no. 1 (2024): 1–3. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10526221.

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<em>Atelectasis, the partial or complete collapse of a lung or lobe, exhibits a challenge in a significant manner particularly in respiratory medicine Different factors are responsible for the occurrence of the development of atelectasis along with airway obstruction, compression of lung tissue and surfactant deficiency. Bronchodilators, namely anti cholinergic and beta _ agonists, play an important role regarding the management of atelectasis by relaxing the smooth muscles of air ways. These actions assists in alleviating broncho constriction as well as more air flow and facilitate lung re_ e

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2

Kitamura, Yutaka, Kazuo Shimizu, Mitsuji Nagahama, et al. "Immediate Causes of Death in Thyroid Carcinoma: Clinicopathological Analysis of 161 Fatal Cases." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 84, no. 11 (1999): 4043–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.84.11.6115.

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Most patients with thyroid carcinoma have a good prognosis. Due to the small number of fatal cases, it has not been clarified what conditions result in death for patients with thyroid carcinoma. To provide appropriate management for advanced thyroid carcinoma patients, we analyzed causes of death in 161 fatal cases. Clinical characteristics and immediate (final) causes of death based on pathological conditions were analyzed in 62 anaplastic carcinomas and 99 fatal differentiated carcinomas. Single fatal conditions could not be specified in 55 patients. In the remaining 106 patients, respirator

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3

Bulbulia, B. A., and M. R. Ahmed. "Central Airway Obstruction: Diagnostic Challenges and Management Strategies in Subglottic Stenosis and Poly Chondrites with Case Studies." Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Imaging 12, no. 1 (2025): 77–82. https://doi.org/10.14738/bjhmr.1201.18162.

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Tumours or strictures compressing the trachea /bronchial tree cause central airway obstruction (CAO). Subglottic stenosis are a cause of respiratory symptoms and distress. Idiopathic sub glottic stenosis (ISGS) is a rare disease occurring mainly in women and has a history of recurrences. Endoscopic laser microsurgery and balloon dilatation are used in the management of strictures. Recurring strictures may require tracheoplasty. Poly chondrites is a rare disorder causing poly arthritis and inflammation of cartilaginous tissue. Inflammatory changes in the lung cause tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) a

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Bulbulia, B. A. "Central Airway Obstruction: Diagnostic Challenges and Management Strategies in Subglottic Stenosis and Poly Chondrites with Case Studies." British Journal of Healthcare & Medical Research 12, no. 01 (2025): 77–82. https://doi.org/10.14738/bjhr.1201.18162.

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Tumours or strictures compressing the trachea /bronchial tree cause central airway obstruction (CAO). Subglottic stenosis are a cause of respiratory symptoms and distress. Idiopathic sub glottic stenosis (ISGS) is a rare disease occurring mainly in women and has a history of recurrences. Endoscopic laser microsurgery and balloon dilatation are used in the management of strictures. Recurring strictures may require tracheoplasty. Poly chondrites is a rare disorder causing poly arthritis and inflammation of cartilaginous tissue. Inflammatory changes in the lung cause tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) a

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5

Kitterman, Joseph A. "Physiological factors in fetal lung growth." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 66, no. 8 (1988): 1122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y88-184.

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Adequate pulmonary function at birth depends upon a mature surfactant system and lungs of normal size. Surfactant is controlled primarily by hormonal factors, especially from the hypophysis, adrenal, and thyroid; but these have little influence on fetal lung growth. In contrast, current data indicate that lung growth is determined by the following physical factors that permit the lungs to express their inherent growth potential. (a) Adequate intrathoracic space: lesions that decrease intrathoracic space impede lung growth, apparently by physical compression. (b) Adequate amount of amniotic flu

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Gumbiene, Lina, Lina Kapleriene, Dovile Jancauskaite, et al. "Insights to correlations and discrepancies between impaired lung function and heart failure in Eisenmenger patients." Pulmonary Circulation 10, no. 1 (2020): 135065012090972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2045894019899239.

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Impaired lung function and spirometric signs of airway obstruction without common risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease could be found in patients with Eisenmenger syndrome. This study aimed to analyse the association between lung function parameters and disease severity (including heart failure markers, associated congenital heart defect) as well as the possible reasons for airflow obstruction in Eisenmenger syndrome. The data of 25 patients with Eisenmenger syndrome were retrospectively evaluated. The patients were divided into groups according to airflow obstruction and a t

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7

Kaczka, David W., Edward P. Ingenito, Simon C. Body, et al. "Inspiratory lung impedance in COPD: effects of PEEP and immediate impact of lung volume reduction surgery." Journal of Applied Physiology 90, no. 5 (2001): 1833–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2001.90.5.1833.

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Frequency-dependent characteristics of lung resistance (Rl) and elastance (El) are sensitive to different patterns of airway obstruction. We used an enhanced ventilator waveform (EVW) to measure inspiratory Rl and El spectra in ventilated patients during thoracic surgery. The EVW delivers an inspiratory flow waveform with enhanced spectral excitation from 0.156 to 8.1 Hz. Estimates of the coefficients in a trigonometric approximation of the EVW flow and transpulmonary pressure inspirations yielded inspiratory Rl and Elspectra. We applied the EVW in a group with mild obstruction undergoing vari

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8

Dudvarski-Ilic, Aleksandra, Spasoje Popevic, Mihailo Stjepanovic, Branislav Gvozdenovic, Branislava Milenkovic, and Violeta Mihailovic-Vucinic. "Airflow obstruction in sarcoidosis." Medical review 66, suppl. 1 (2013): 39–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns13s1039d.

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Introduction. Aberrations in pulmonary function test are present in about 20% of patients with radiographic stage I sarcoidosis, whereas the pulmonary function is damaged in 40-80% of patients with parenchymal infiltrates (stages II, III or IV). Discussion and Review of Literature. Reductions in lung volumes (vital capacity and total lung capacity) are characteristic. The diffusing capacity of lungs is often reduced, but it is less pronounced in sarcoidosis than in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Oxygenation is usually preserved until late in the course of sarcoidosis. Airflow obstruction (redu

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9

Migulina, Nataliya, Brian Kelley, Emily Y. Zhang, Christina M. Pabelick, Y. S. Prakash, and Elizabeth R. Vogel. "Mechanosensitive Channels in Lung Health and Disease." Comprehensive Physiology 13, no. 4 (2023): 5157–78. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2040-4603.2023.tb00284.x.

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AbstractThe lung is an inherently mechanosensitive organ, where cells of the airway and parenchyma experience a range of mechanical forces throughout life including shear, stretch, and compression, in both health and disease. In this regard, pediatric and adult lung diseases such as wheezing and asthma, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pulmonary fibrosis (PF) all involve macroscopic and cellular changes to the mechanical properties of the bronchial airways and/or parenchyma to varying extents. Accordingly, understanding how mechanical forces a

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10

Jovanović, Anđelina, Sanja Vučić, Svetlana Valjarević, Milan Vidaković, and Jelena Gavrić. "Fatal dyspnoea: The case report of a female patient with inoperable thyroid carcinoma." Halo 194 29, no. 2-3 (2023): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/halo29-46660.

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Tumors of the thyroid gland, due to their localization in the neck, can as they grow pose a threat to the airway. Thyroid malignancies, aside from compression, can also infiltrate local tissue. The case presented is that of a female patient with advanced thyroid cancer that required urgent airway management, but due to the propagation of the malignancy into the mediastinum and consequent compression of distal trachea and lung tissue, the hospitalization ended with a fatal outcome regardless of the treatment undertaken. Even advanced airway management methods (endotracheal intubation or tracheo

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11

Katavolos, P., C. A. Ackerley, L. Viel, M. E. Clark, X. Wen, and D. Bienzle. "Clara Cell Secretory Protein Is Reduced in Equine Recurrent Airway Obstruction." Veterinary Pathology 46, no. 4 (2009): 604–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1354/vp.08-vp-0255-b-fl.

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Horses are prone to recurrent airway obstruction (RAO), an inflammatory lung disease induced by repeated exposure to environmental mold, dust, and bacterial components. Active disease manifests with mucus hyperproduction, neutrophilic inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and coughing. Chronically affected animals have lung remodeling characterized by smooth muscle hyperplasia, collagen deposition, lymphoid hyperplasia, and impaired aerobic performance. Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP) counters inflammation in the lung, hence we hypothesized that CCSP depletion is a key feature of RAO in horse

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Wu, Ching-Wen, Lei Wang, Sarah Bolton, Janice L. Peake, and Kent E. Pinkerton. "Progressive Immunologic Dysregulation with Exposure to Tobacco Smoke in a Model of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)." Journal of Immunology 204, no. 1_Supplement (2020): 74.17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.74.17.

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Abstract Our research objective is to examine the role of dysregulated immune responses in disease progression and changes in lung physiology in a rat model of COPD. Spontaneously hypertensive rats were exposed to tobacco smoke (TS) (90 mg/m3) or filtered air (FA) for up to 12 weeks. Necropsy timepoints of 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 weeks were chosen to define the immunological and pathophysiological changes in the lung. Rats exposed to TS showed significant increases in macrophage, neutrophil and lymphocyte number in bronchoalveolar lavage compared to FA at all weeks examined. Proinflammatory cytokin

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13

Pellegrino, R., and V. Brusasco. "Lung hyperinflation and flow limitation in chronic airway obstruction." European Respiratory Journal 10, no. 3 (1997): 543–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.97.10030543.

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We reasoned that if flow limitation plays an important role in lung hyperinflation, then bronchodilatation should be associated with a decrease of functional residual capacity (FRC) only in subjects breathing under conditions of flow limitation. This hypothesis was tested in 33 subjects with chronic airway narrowing due to asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Flow limitation during tidal breathing was inferred from the impingement of the tidal flow-volume loop on the flow recorded during submaximally forced expiratory manoeuvres initiated from end-tidal inspiration. At basel

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Brown, Ryan, Donna M. Small, Declan F. Doherty та ін. "Therapeutic Inhibition of Cathepsin S Reduces Inflammation and Mucus Plugging in Adult βENaC-Tg Mice". Mediators of Inflammation 2021 (19 березня 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6682657.

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Background. Elevated levels of the cysteine protease cathepsin S (CatS) are associated with chronic mucoobstructive lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We have previously demonstrated that prophylactic treatment with a CatS inhibitor from birth reduces inflammation, mucus plugging, and lung tissue damage in juvenile β-epithelial Na+ channel-overexpressing transgenic (βENaC-Tg) mice with chronic inflammatory mucoobstructive lung disease. In this study, we build upon this work to examine the effects of therapeutic intervention with a CatS

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15

Hagmeyer, Lars. "Silikon-Stents nach endobronchialer Tumorabtragung: Benefit bleibt ungewiss." Kompass Pneumologie 8, no. 4 (2020): 202–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000509155.

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Background: Therapeutic bronchoscopy (TB) is an accepted strategy for the symptomatic management of central airway malignant obstruction. Stent insertion is recommended in case of extrinsic compression, but its value in preventing airway re-obstruction after endobronchial treatment without extrinsic compression is unknown. Objective: Silicone stent Placement in symptomatic airway Obstruction due to non-small cell lung Cancer (SPOC) is the first randomized controlled trial investigating the potential benefit of silicone stent insertion after successful TB in symptomatic malignant airway obstruc

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16

Banno, Asoka, Aravind T. Reddy, Sowmya P. Lakshmi, and Raju C. Reddy. "Bidirectional interaction of airway epithelial remodeling and inflammation in asthma." Clinical Science 134, no. 9 (2020): 1063–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20191309.

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Abstract Asthma is a chronic disease of the airways that has long been viewed predominately as an inflammatory condition. Accordingly, current therapeutic interventions focus primarily on resolving inflammation. However, the mainstay of asthma therapy neither fully improves lung function nor prevents disease exacerbations, suggesting involvement of other factors. An emerging concept now holds that airway remodeling, another major pathological feature of asthma, is as important as inflammation in asthma pathogenesis. Structural changes associated with asthma include disrupted epithelial integri

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17

Eskandari, Mona, Alberto L. Arvayo, and Marc E. Levenston. "Mechanical properties of the airway tree: heterogeneous and anisotropic pseudoelastic and viscoelastic tissue responses." Journal of Applied Physiology 125, no. 3 (2018): 878–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00090.2018.

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Airway obstruction and pulmonary mechanics remain understudied despite lung disease being the third cause of death in the United States. Lack of relevant data has led computational pulmonary models to infer mechanical properties from available material data for the trachea. Additionally, the time-dependent, viscoelastic behaviors of airways have been largely overlooked, despite their potential physiological relevance and utility as metrics of tissue remodeling and disease progression. Here, we address the clear need for airway-specific material characterization to inform biophysical studies of

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Isono, Shiroh, David S. Warner, and Mark A. Warner. "Obstructive Sleep Apnea of Obese Adults." Anesthesiology 110, no. 4 (2009): 908–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e31819c74be.

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Collapsible pharyngeal airway size is determined by interaction between structural properties of the pharyngeal airway and neural regulation of the pharyngeal dilating muscles. Obesity seems to have two distinct mechanical influences on the pharyngeal airway collapsibility. First, obesity increases soft tissue surrounding the pharyngeal airway within limited maxillomandible enclosure occupying and narrowing its space (pharyngeal anatomical imbalance). Second, obesity, particularly central obesity, increases visceral fat volume decreasing lung volume. Pharyngeal wall collapsibility is increased

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Nakamura, Y., L. Tate, R. F. Ertl, et al. "Bronchial epithelial cells regulate fibroblast proliferation." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 269, no. 3 (1995): L377—L387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1995.269.3.l377.

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Chronic bronchitis frequently leads to irreversible airway obstruction. Alteration of airway architecture with abnormal airway connective tissue is thought to play an important role in this process. We hypothesized that the epithelial cells that line the airways modulate the development of peribronchial fibrosis and fixed airway obstruction by directing fibroblast proliferation. To assess this, we examined stimulatory activities for human lung fibroblast proliferation in bovine bronchial epithelial cell-conditioned medium. The conditioned medium stimulated the proliferation of fibroblasts in a

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20

Zaric, Bojan, Vukasin Canak, Aleksandar Milovancev, Goran Stojanovic, and Gordana Balaban. "Endoscopic argon plasma coagulation for the management of solid, centrally located lung cancer." Archive of Oncology 15, no. 3-4 (2007): 94–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aoo0704094z.

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Argon plasma coagulation (APC) is one of the interventional pulmonology techniques primarily aimed at the treatment of hemoptysis. It represents a form of non contact electrosurgey that uses ionized argon gas in order to produce electrical current that affects soft tissues. APC is reported to be effective in the treatment of early stage lung cancer, in the treatment of benign granulation tissue surrounding tracheal stents and in palliative treatment of malignant airway obstruction. Major indication for APC is hemostasis in severe hemoptysis, it can also be used as an alternative technique for

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Paraboschi, Irene, Federica Fati, Francesca Rizzo, et al. "Ectopic Thymus: An Unusual Case of Subglottic Mass." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 128, no. 12 (2019): 1182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003489419863828.

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Objectives: The aim of our study is to report a case of a child with subglottic thymus that was suspected during diagnostic work-up for severe airway obstruction, excised surgically and confirmed with final histopathological examination. Moreover, we performed a narrative literature review to outline clinical and diagnostic features of this rare condition and to report suggestions for the management of subglottic masses. Methods: We report the case of a 7-month-old boy who was admitted to our Pediatric Airway Team Unit due to a history of worsening biphasic stridor and recurrent episodes of up

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Sagun, Joyce Rodvie M., and Emmanuel Tadeus S. Cruz. "Bilateral Cricoarytenoid Joint Ankylosis with a Perplexing Etiology." Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 33, no. 1 (2018): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v33i1.37.

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Immobility, fixation, or paralysis of the vocal folds is an ominous sign when encountered in the clinics. This may be due to a variety of diseases, lesions, injuries, or vascular compromise which may affect the integrity and physiologic mechanism of the vocal folds. The common etiologies include infectious processes such as laryngeal or pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), malignancy or neoplasms, central problems such as cerebrovascular accidents (CVA), stroke and others.1,2,3 The problem should be addressed immediately because this potentially life threatening and imminent narrowing of the glottic

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23

Mancuso, Peter. "Obesity and lung inflammation." Journal of Applied Physiology 108, no. 3 (2010): 722–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00781.2009.

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The prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically worldwide, predisposing individuals to an increased risk of morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Less recognized is the fact that obesity may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases through mechanisms that may involve proinflammatory mediators produced in adipose tissue that contribute to a low-grade state of systemic inflammation. In animal models, inflammatory responses in the lung have been shown to influence the production of the adipocytokines, leptin and adiponectin, cytok

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Zhou, Xuefei, Longfei Wang, Yonghua Zhang, Qiuyue Wu, and Yunfei Cao. "The Heimlich maneuver and chest compression relieve mask ventilation difficulties caused by asymptomatic laryngeal mass: A case report and review of literature." Medicine 102, no. 48 (2023): e36362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000036362.

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Rationale: Some laryngeal masses are typically asymptomatic and easily ignored. However, they can be rare causes of unanticipated difficult airway, leading to critical situations such as “cannot ventilate” or “cannot ventilate and cannot intubate” during anesthesia induction. Inappropriate airway management in such scenarios can have catastrophic consequences for an anesthetized patient. Here we report a case of sudden, unanticipated difficult mask ventilation caused by an asymptomatic supraglottic mass during sedative induction, which was quickly and effectively relieved by the Heimlich maneu

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Henry, Peter J., Tracy S. Mann, Angela C. D'Aprile, Glenn J. Self, and Roy G. Goldie. "An endothelin receptor antagonist, SB-217242, inhibits airway hyperresponsiveness in allergic mice." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 283, no. 5 (2002): L1072—L1078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00076.2002.

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Within the airways, endothelin-1 (ET-1) can exert a range of prominent effects, including airway smooth muscle contraction, bronchial obstruction, airway wall edema, and airway remodeling. ET-1 also possesses proinflammatory properties and contributes to the late-phase response in allergic airways. However, there is no direct evidence for the contribution of endogenous ET-1 to airway hyperresponsiveness in allergic airways. Allergic inflammation induced in mice by sensitization and challenge with the house dust mite allergen Der P1 was associated with elevated levels of ET-1 within the lung, i

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Dwi Anugrah, Annisa. "NURSING CARE IN EFFECTIVENESS OF BREATHING FOR CHRONIC OBSTRUCTION PATIENTS IN RSI NASHRUL UMMAH LAMONGAN." Journal of Vocational Nursing 2, no. 1 (2021): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jovin.v2i1.26877.

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Introduction: Air pollution can cause respiratory system disorders in the form of alveoli damage, airway, and lung tissue inflammation. Inflammation of the lungs can damage the respiratory tissue and stimulate excess sputum production which causes ineffective airway clearance. This process, if it takes a long time, causes irreversible structural damage to the airway wall. This condition can progress to severe airway obstruction, called COPD. This research aims to explain nursing care for patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in the Tuberose Room at RSI Nashrul Ummah Lamong

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27

Yuce, Kemal. "The effects of mesenchymal stem cells on asthma." Frontiers in Life Sciences and Related Technologies 6, no. 1 (2025): 65–71. https://doi.org/10.51753/flsrt.1567487.

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Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the respiratory system characterized by cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, sputum, obstruction and bronchial hyperactivity. Asthma leads to disruption of epithelial structure, subepithelial fibrosis, inflammation, and ultimately airway reorganization. MSCs migrate into inflammatory tissue and settle there. Once in the tissue, the MSCs suppress inflammation and improve the internal structure of the tissue. These effects are achieved by transforming into tissue cells, producing anti-inflammatory and growth factors, and releasing microRNAs and extracellular

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Harford, Terri J., Fariba Rezaee, Manveen K. Gupta, Vladimir Bokun, Sathyamangla V. Naga Prasad та Giovanni Piedimonte. "Respiratory syncytial virus induces β2-adrenergic receptor dysfunction in human airway smooth muscle cells". Science Signaling 14, № 685 (2021): eabc1983. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.abc1983.

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Pharmacologic agonism of the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) induces bronchodilation by activating the enzyme adenylyl cyclase to generate cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). β2AR agonists are generally the most effective strategy to relieve acute airway obstruction in asthmatic patients, but they are much less effective when airway obstruction in young patients is triggered by infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Here, we investigated the effects of RSV infection on the abundance and function of β2AR in primary human airway smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) derived from pediatric lun

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Sadik, Sunusi, Yanhong Lu, Shaoxuan Zhu, Jiayu Cai, and Lan Lan Mi. "Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s): The spotlight in asthma pathogenesis and lung tissue injury." Allergologia et Immunopathologia 49, no. 2 (2021): 208–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15586/aei.v49i2.29.

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Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with ranging etiology and severity. Asthma is a disease of chronic inflammation of the airways, with clinical symptoms of wheezing, breathlessness, cough, and chest tightness manifested as chronic fixed or variable airflow obstruction and airway hyperresponsiveness that predispose the airway epithelium to repeated injury, repair, and regeneration. In recent years, innate lymphoid cells (ILC1, ILC2, and ILC3) have been discovered. The predominant ILC type found in the lung tissue is group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). Upon damage to the airway epithelium med

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Brandsma, Corry-Anke, Wim Timens, Marnix R. Jonker, Bea Rutgers, Jacobien A. Noordhoek, and Dirkje S. Postma. "Differential effects of fluticasone on extracellular matrix production by airway and parenchymal fibroblasts in severe COPD." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 305, no. 8 (2013): L582—L589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00152.2013.

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by abnormal repair in the lung resulting in airway obstruction associated with emphysema and peripheral airway fibrosis. Because the presence and degree of airways disease and emphysema varies between COPD patients, this may explain the heterogeneity in the response to treatment. It is currently unknown whether and to what extent inhaled steroids can affect the abnormal repair process in the airways and lung parenchyma in COPD. We investigated the effects of fluticasone on transforming growth factor (TGF)-β- and cigarette smoke-indu

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Fung, Y. C., R. T. Yen, Z. L. Tao, and S. Q. Liu. "A Hypothesis on the Mechanism of Trauma of Lung Tissue Subjected to Impact Load." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 110, no. 1 (1988): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3108405.

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When a compressive impact load is applied on the chest, as in automobile crash or bomb explosion, the lung may be injured and show evidences of edema and hemorrhage. Since soft tissues have good strength in compression, why does a compression wave cause edema? Our hypothesis is that tensile and shear stresses are induced in the alveolar wall on rebound from compression, and that the maximum principal stress (tensile) may exceed critical values for increased permeability of the epithelium to small solutes, or even fracture. Furthermore, small airways may collapse and trap gas in alveoli at a cr

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Sorkness, Ronald L., Kathryn M. Herricks, Renee J. Szakaly, Robert F. Lemanske, and Louis A. Rosenthal. "Altered allergen-induced eosinophil trafficking and physiological dysfunction in airways with preexisting virus-induced injury." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 292, no. 1 (2007): L85—L91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00234.2006.

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Although both asthmatics and allergic rhinitics develop an acute inflammatory response to lower airway allergen challenge, only asthmatics experience airway obstruction resulting from chronic environmental allergen exposure. Hypothesizing that asthmatic airways have an altered response to chronic allergic inflammation, we compared the effects of repeated low-level exposures to inhaled Alternaria extract in sensitized rats with preexisting chronic postbronchiolitis airway dysfunction versus sensitized controls with normal airways. Measurements of air space (bronchoalveolar lavage) inflammatory

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Pratas, Miguel, Jorge Aires, Nuno Pereira da Silva, et al. "Procedural Sedation with Dexmedetomidine for Anterior Mediastinotomy in a High-Risk Patient." Case Reports in Anesthesiology 2022 (February 21, 2022): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3519003.

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Perioperative management of patients with mediastinal masses still poses a challenge for the anesthesiologist, as the use of general anesthesia can be associated with acute perioperative cardiorespiratory impairment resulting from the mass collapsing on the airway or vascular structures. Dexmedetomidine can be used for procedural sedation due to its reversible sedative and anxiolytic properties with dose-dependent effects, while not interfering with ventilatory drive. These features are of particular interest for the perioperative management of patients with large anterior mediastinal masses.

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Bekov, M. T., I. V. Pashkov, K. S. Smirnov, et al. "Fabrication of a 3D printed everolimus-eluting stent made of thermoplastic polyurethane and polylactide." Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs 26, no. 1 (2024): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2024-1-47-54.

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Bronchial stenoses are one of the most common airways complications after lung transplantation. One of the main methods to restore airway patency is bronchial stenting. However, bronchial stenting is associated with a number of complications, such as stent migration, granulation tissue formation along the proximal and distal edges, and mucus obstruction of the lumen. This article demonstrates the possibility of manufacturing an everolimus-eluting stent from thermoplastic polyurethane and polylactide using 3D printing.

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Sorkness, Ronald L., Casey Kienert, Matthew J. O’Brien, Sean B. Fain, and Nizar N. Jarjour. "Compressive air trapping in asthma: effects of age, sex, and severity." Journal of Applied Physiology 126, no. 5 (2019): 1265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00924.2018.

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Air trapping due to airway closure has been associated with unstable asthma. In addition to airway closure that occurs at lower lung volumes during slow expiration, there may be further closure during a forced expiration because of airway compression. The purpose of this study was to define a reference range from a nonasthmatic population and investigate the characteristics of compressive air trapping in asthma. Spirometry and plethysmography were performed in 117 nonasthmatic subjects (ages 18–87 yr) and 153 asthma subjects (ages 12–72 yr). Air trapping was assessed as residual lung volume an

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Ciric, I., MP Meyers, J. Mayba, and NR Anthonisen. "Autopneumonectomy with Compensatory Lung Growth." Canadian Respiratory Journal 10, no. 5 (2003): 271–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2003/853729.

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A 23-year-old female immigrant from Ethiopia presented with a history of hemoptysis and an abnormal chest x-ray. A computed tomography scan showed that her left lung was greatly shrunken and her right lung was very large but structurally normal. She had a history of multiple respiratory infections as a young child but had been well since the age of five years. Her lung function was within normal limits except for an increased residual volume. It is very likely that her left lung was destroyed early in childhood and that her right lung underwent compensatory growth. She did not show airways obs

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Peslin, R., and C. Duvivier. "Partitioning of airway and respiratory tissue mechanical impedances by body plethysmography." Journal of Applied Physiology 84, no. 2 (1998): 553–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1998.84.2.553.

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Peslin, R., and C. Duvivier. Partitioning of airway and respiratory tissue mechanical impedances by body plethysmography. J. Appl. Physiol. 84(2): 553–561, 1998.—We have tested the feasibility of separating the airway (Zaw) and tissue (Zti) components of total respiratory input impedance (Zrs,in) in healthy subjects by measuring alveolar gas compression by body plethysmography (Vpl) during pressure oscillations at the airway opening. The forced oscillation setup was placed inside a body plethysmograph, and the subjects rebreathedbtps gas. Zrs,in and the relationship between Vpl and airway flow

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Cavallaro, Dalila, Marco Guerrieri, Stefano Cattelan, et al. "Markers of Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome after Lung Transplant: Between Old Knowledge and Future Perspective." Biomedicines 10, no. 12 (2022): 3277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10123277.

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Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is the most common form of CLAD and is characterized by airflow limitation and an obstructive spirometric pattern without high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) evidence of parenchymal opacities. Computed tomography and microCT analysis show abundant small airway obstruction, starting from the fifth generation of airway branching and affecting up to 40–70% of airways. The pathogenesis of BOS remains unclear. It is a multifactorial syndrome that leads to pathological tissue changes and clinical manifestations. Because BOS is associated with the worst

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Insuela, Daniella B. R., Julio B. Daleprane, Luciana P. Coelho, et al. "Glucagon induces airway smooth muscle relaxation by nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2." Journal of Endocrinology 225, no. 3 (2015): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-14-0648.

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Glucagon is a hyperglycemic pancreatic hormone that has been shown to provide a beneficial effect against asthmatic bronchospasm. We investigated the role of this hormone on airway smooth muscle contraction and lung inflammation using bothin vitroandin vivoapproaches. The action of glucagon on mouse cholinergic tracheal contraction was studied in a conventional organ bath system, and its effect on airway obstruction was also investigated using the whole-body pletysmographic technique in mice. We also tested the effect of glucagon on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced airway hyperreactivity (AHR)

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Grobbelaar, Marie, and Savvas Andronikou. "Is airway diameter measured accurately on routine axial CT scans? Comparison with true axial diameter using MPR in children with airway compression owing to pulmonary TB." South African Journal of Radiology 14, no. 3 (2010): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v14i3.471.

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Airway compression is a common complication of TB lymphadenopathy in children, and the diagnostic workup of patients with suspected tracheal or bronchial stenoses includes bronchoscopy and CT (computed tomography).2 This process affords the opportunity to study aspects of CT relating to airway stenosis. Axial CT scans produce excellent resolution in the horizontal plane, but the extent of airway disease may be underestimated if only axial images are obtained.  An advantage of using multidetector CT (MDCT) is the use of multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) to align the image along the l

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Bazan-Socha, Stanisława, Krzysztof Wójcik, Magdalena Olchawa, et al. "Increased Oxidative Stress in Asthma—Relation to Inflammatory Blood and Lung Biomarkers and Airway Remodeling Indices." Biomedicines 10, no. 7 (2022): 1499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10071499.

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Airway inflammation in asthma is related to increased reactive oxygen species generation, potentially leading to tissue injury and subsequent airway remodeling. We evaluated oxidative stress in peripheral blood from asthmatic subjects (n = 74) and matched controls (n = 65), using recently developed real-time monitoring of the protein hydroperoxide (HP) formation by the coumarin boronic acid (CBA) assay. We also investigated the relation of the systemic oxidative stress response in asthma to disease severity, lung function, airway remodeling indices (lung computed tomography and histology), and

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Hogg, James C. "A Brief Review of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." Canadian Respiratory Journal 19, no. 6 (2012): 381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/496563.

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A recent study, based on a combination of multidetector computed tomography scanning of an intact specimen with microcomputed tomography and histological analysis of lung tissue samples, reported that the number of terminal bronchioles were reduced from approximately 44,500/lung pair in control (donor) lungs to approximately 4800/lung pair in lungs donated by individuals with very severe (Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stage 4) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treated by lung transplantation. The present short review discusses the hypothesis that a rapid rat

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Inam, Asma, Muhammad Sair, Sadia Ikram, et al. "Carica papaya Leaf Extract modulates mRNA expression of Aquaporins in Mouse Model of Allergic Airway Inflammation." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 10 (2021): 2512–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2115102512.

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Background: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting smaller airways. Airflow obstruction leading to airway hyper-responsiveness and increased mucus production are salient features of asthma pathophysiology. Generally, Th2 cytokines are increased in allergic asthma. Aim: To propose the molecular mechanisms by which Carica Papaya Leaves Extract (CPLE) alleviates pulmonary edema in animal model of allergic airway inflammation comparable to methylprednisolone. Place and duration of study: Pharmacology Department, University of Health Sciences Lahore for 1 year. Methods: We took twenty f

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Jones, Richard L., Richard T. Lester, and Neil E. Brown. "Effects of High Frequency Chest Compression on Respiratory System Mechanics in Normal Subjects and Cystic Fibrosis Patients." Canadian Respiratory Journal 2, no. 1 (1995): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1995/656409.

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the short term effects of high frequency chest compression (HFCC) on several indices of respiratory system mechanics in normal subjects and patients with cystic fibrosis (CF).DESIGN: Comparative physiological approach. Subjects were blinded to 10 randomized HFCC settings (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 Hz) with each applied at the lowest and at the highest background vest pressure.SETTING: Pulmonary function and lung mechanics laboratory, University of Alberta.PARTICIPANTS: Ten normal male volunteers (24.2±3.8 years) and 11 clinically stable CF patients (23.4±6.7 years). Normal

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Kostorz-Nosal, Sabina, Mariusz Kowaliński, Aleksandra Spyra, Bartłomiej Gałuszka, and Szymon Skoczyński. "The Application of Ultrasonography in the Detection of Airway Obstruction: A Promising Area of Research or Unnecessary Gadgetry?" Life 15, no. 7 (2025): 1003. https://doi.org/10.3390/life15071003.

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Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the utilization of transthoracic ultrasonography (TTU) in the evaluation of pulmonary field artefacts has become standard practice among clinicians. However, there is a considerable lack of knowledge regarding the assessment of diaphragm mobility in the context of various lung diseases. Although numerous conditions are known to affect diaphragm mobility, including neurological, cardiovascular, and infectious diseases, it appears that pulmonary diseases may also limit the mobility of this major respiratory muscle. Despite the evidence of diaphragm mobility disorders

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Chaudhuri, Rekha, Charles McSharry, Jeffrey Brady, et al. "Low sputum MMP-9/TIMP ratio is associated with airway narrowing in smokers with asthma." European Respiratory Journal 44, no. 4 (2014): 895–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00047014.

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Asthmatic smokers have poor symptom control and accelerated decline in lung function. A reduced ratio of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9/tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in nonsmokers with asthma has been implicated in airway remodelling. We tested the hypothesis that sputum MMP-9 activity/TIMPs ratios are reduced in smokers compared with never-smokers with asthma and are associated with reduced lung function and altered computed tomography (CT) measures of airway wall dimensions.Lung function, airway dimensions by CT, and induced sputum concentrations (and activity) of MMP-9 a

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Cairncross, Alvenia, Robyn L. Jones, John G. Elliot, Peter K. McFawn, Alan L. James, and Peter B. Noble. "Airway narrowing and response to simulated deep inspiration in bronchial segments from subjects with fixed airflow obstruction." Journal of Applied Physiology 128, no. 4 (2020): 757–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00439.2019.

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The volume fraction of extracellular matrix (ECM) within the layer of airway smooth muscle (ASM) is increased in subjects with fixed airflow obstruction. We postulated that changes in ECM within the ASM layer will impact force transmission during induced contraction and/or in response to externally applied stresses like a deep inspiration (DI). Subjects were patients undergoing lung resection surgery who were categorized as unobstructed ( n = 12) or “fixed” obstructed ( n = 6) on the basis of preoperative spirometry. The response to a DI, assessed by the ratio of isovolumic flows from maximal

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Albertine, Kurt H., Lu Wang, Suetaro Watanabe, Gopal K. Marathe, Guy A. Zimmerman, and Thomas M. McIntyre. "Temporal correlation of measurements of airway hyperresponsiveness in ovalbumin-sensitized mice." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 283, no. 1 (2002): L219—L233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00324.2001.

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Airway hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammation, and reversible airway obstruction are physiological hallmarks of asthma. These responses are increasingly being studied in murine models of antigen exposure and challenge, using whole body plethysmography to noninvasively assess airway hyperresponsiveness. This approach infrequently has been correlated with indexes of airway hyperresponsiveness measured by invasive means. Furthermore, correlation with quantitative histological data for tissue infiltration by inflammatory and immune cells, particularly in the wall of airways, during daily airway

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Tirouvanziam, Rabindra, Ibrahim Khazaal, and Bruno Péault. "Primary inflammation in human cystic fibrosis small airways." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 283, no. 2 (2002): L445—L451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00419.2001.

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Most cystic fibrosis (CF) patients die of lung failure, due to the combined effects of bacterial infection, neutrophil-mediated inflammation, and airway obstruction by hyperviscous mucus. To this day, it remains unclear where and how this pathological vicious circle is initiated in vivo. In particular, it has proven difficult to investigate whether inflammatory pathways are dysregulated in CF airways independently of infection. Also, the relative involvement of large (tracheobronchial) vs. small (bronchiolar) airways in CF pathophysiology is still unclear. To help address these issues, we used

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Chon, Andrew, James Stein, Tammy Gerstenfeld, Larry Wang, Walter Vazquez, and Ramen Chmait. "The Use of Fetal Bronchoscopy in the Diagnosis and Management of a Suspected Obstructive Lung Mass." American Journal of Perinatology Reports 08, no. 03 (2018): e195-e200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1673378.

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AbstractEtiologies of fetal lung anomalies include congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM), intra- or extralobar pulmonary sequestration, congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS), bronchogenic cyst, and bronchial atresia. Fetal tracheobronchoscopy has been reported both as a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure in the setting of severe congenital lung lesions. In this case report, prenatal imaging of a fetus with a large chest mass was suspicious for an obstructive bronchial lesion. The absence of visible normal lung tissue on the right side and mass effect on the left side

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