To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Airy.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Airy'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Airy.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Siviloglou, Georgios. "Accelerating Optical Airy Beams." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2443.
Full textAbstract:
Over the years, non-spreading or non-diffracting wave configurations have been systematically investigated in optics. Perhaps the best known example of a diffraction-free optical wave is the so-called Bessel beam, first suggested and observed by Durnin et al. This work sparked considerable theoretical and experimental activity and paved the way toward the discovery of other interesting non-diffracting solutions. In 1979 Berry and Balazs made an important observation within the context of quantum mechanics: they theoretically demonstrated that the Schrodinger equation describing a free particle can exhibit a non-spreading Airy wavepacket solution. This work remained largely unnoticed in the literature-partly because such wavepackets cannot be readily synthesized in quantum mechanics. In this dissertation we investigate both theoretically and experimentally the acceleration dynamics of non-spreading optical Airy beams in both one- and two-dimensional configurations. We show that this class of finite energy waves can retain their intensity features over several diffraction lengths. The possibility of other physical realizations involving spatio-temporal Airy wavepackets is also considered. As demonstrated in our experiments, these Airy beams can exhibit unusual features such as the ability to remain quasi-diffraction-free over long distances while their intensity features tend to freely accelerate during propagation. We have demonstrated experimentally that optical Airy beams propagating in free space can perform ballistic dynamics akin to those of projectiles moving under the action of gravity. The parabolic trajectories of these beams as well as the motion of their center of gravity were observed in good agreement with theory. Another remarkable property of optical Airy beams is their resilience in amplitude and phase perturbations. We show that this class of waves tends to reform during propagation in spite of the severity of the imposed perturbations. In all occasions the reconstruction of these beams is interpreted through their internal transverse power flow. The robustness of these optical beams in scattering and turbulent environments was also studied. The experimental observation of self-trapped Airy beams in unbiased nonlinear photorefractive media is also reported. This new class of non-local self-localized beams owes its existence to carrier diffusion effects as opposed to self-focusing. These finite energy Airy states exhibit a highly asymmetric intensity profile that is determined by the inherent properties of the nonlinear crystal. In addition, these wavepackets self-bend during propagation at an acceleration rate that is independent of the thermal energy associated with two-wave mixing diffusion photorefractive nonlinearity.Ph.D.
Optics and Photonics
Optics and Photonics
Optics PhD
2
Miller, Thomas. "Verallgemeinerte Airyfunktionen." Bonn : [Math. Inst. der Univ., Bibliothek], 1989. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=001222832&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Full text
3
Penwill, Lynsey Ann. "Phenotype variability determination using Airy Disc analysis." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/15717.
Full textAbstract:
Rapid phenotype identification and screening is a relatively unexplored field compared with genotype screening probably owing to a lack of appropriate technology. The Lensless microscope has a large field of view and allows the capture of the diffraction pattern from a large number of cells simultaneously, its potential to screen growth phenotypes will be evaluated in this thesis. A simple algorithm has been developed to measure intensity changes in the Airy Disc First Fringe (ADFF) from which length and width dimensions can be derived from scattering objects with an accuracy of 5%, except for those lengths below 6 microns which have diffraction-limited measurements. A low refractive index growth medium was developed to allow growth phenotypes under normal and silver-stressed conditions to be measured for the three model organisms, S. pombe, E. coli and S. aureus. Phenotype classification parameters were derived from the growth curve of these organisms from which a total of 18 growth phenotypes were identified. All three cell populations exhibit survival phenotypes for both transitions from planktonic to surface growth, typically 98%, and from natural to stressed growth conditions at sub-lethal concentrations of silver. In S. pombe growth phenotypes of interest involve the movement into a possible G0 growth phase of the cell cycle on exposure to silver and a skewed ratio of monopolar to bipolar growth rate increase not previously observed. S. aureus growth under silver stress displayed asymmetric growth of the colonies under silver stress. Analysis of the lag period parameter in the normal growth population of S. aureus identified 4% of the population which have the characteristics of a known growth phenotype, Small Colony Variants. The lag period parameter also identified two cell populations of E. coli under normal conditions, with 20% of the colonies demonstrating a significantly shorter lag period length than the remaining 80%. More importantly, a high sub-lethal dose of silver ions induces two growth phenotypes in E. coli, called here ‘sub-bug’ with parameters indicating an increased resistance to the silver stress growing slowly and a second sub-population with similar enhanced silver resistance that grew rapidly, a ‘super-bug’, which has a shorter lag period, a faster growth rate and reaches a much larger colony size. Genomic analysis demonstrated that these two growth types were genetically identical and are therefore a silver resistant growth phenotype.
4
House, Robert Simpson. "Airy functions and the Recursive Ray Acoustics Algorithm." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1994. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA290182.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S. in Electrical Engineering) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1994.Thesis advisor(s): Lawrence J. Ziomek. "December 1994." Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.
5
Gnatenko, A. S., O. V. Zhyla, and A. G. Nerukh. "Airy Pulse Transformation by an Accelerated Medium Boundary." Thesis, CAOL, 2019. http://openarchive.nure.ua/handle/document/15101.
Full textAbstract:
In the statement of a problem with a moving boundary there is one more idealization, namely, movement stationarity assuming that the movement has begun at infinite past time. Abandoning this idealization, by considering a movement that begins at a finite moment of time, leads to the appearance of new peculiarities in the wave transformation on a moving boundary. In this paper such peculiarities are considered with an abrupt uniform movement of a boundary beginning at zero moment of time, as well as with a smooth "turning on" of a boundary movement according to a relativistic uniformly accelerated law. In the latter approach the continuity of a boundary velocity change allows the development of the evolution of the wave transformation process to be traced.
6
Couture, Beth. "Myths of the mud city a history of the City of Mount Airy, North Carolina /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2005.
Find full text
7
Redparth, Paul Robert. "On the spectral and pseudospectral properties of non self adjoint Schrödinger operators." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249528.
Full text
8
Swade, Doron David. "Calculation and tabulation in the 19th century : Airy versus Babbage." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407230.
Full text
9
Wei, Fanli. "Temporal Manipulation of Spatiotemporal Optical Vortex Via Temporal Airy Profile." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1628123176895496.
Full text
10
Soares, Manuel. "Les Fonctions d'Airy en physique atomique et moléculaire : applications à l'inversion des facteurs de Franck-Condon et au chaos semiclassique." Orléans, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ORLE2064.
Full textAbstract:
Dans une première partie, nous présentons une synthèse de résultats concernant les fonctions d'Airy, puis l'approximation uniforme d'Airy, qui permet d'approcher semiclassiquement des fonctions d'ondes exactes avec un très bon degré d'approximation. Dans une seconde partie, nous proposons une méthode d'inversion exacte des facteurs de Franck-Condon, pour des transitions lié-libre. Cette méthode permet, à partir de la connaissance d'un facteur de Franck-Condon pour toutes les énergies et du potentiel d'un été libre d'obtenir la fonction d'onde de l'autre état. De là, nous déduisons le potentiel inconnu, et s'il y a lieu, les niveaux d'énergie des états liés. Cette méthode d'inversion est appliquée à l'inversion d'un spectre simulé numériquement. Dans une troisième partie, nous abordons le problème du chaos quantique, par le biais de la mécanique semiclassique. Pour ce faire, nous étudions l'équivalent quantique d'une densité de l'espace des phases : la distribution de Wigner. L'utilisation de l'aproximation uniforme d'Airy permet d'obtenir une expression semiclassique et analytique de cette distribution. Celle-ci tend naturellement, à la limite classique, vers la distribution microcanonique. Il semblerait d'autre part que la distribution de Wigner puisse présenter, même dans un cas simple, une complexité apparente qui n'implique aucunement la présence d'un comportement irrégulier ou chaotique, ce qui contredirait alors une des conjectures de Berry.
11
Wiersma, Noémi. "Photorefractive self-focusing of Airy beams : nonlinear interactions and all-optical waveguiding." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0351/document.
Full textAbstract:
La thèse présente l’étude de la propagation et de l’auto-focalisation de faisceaux d’Airy dans un milieu photoréfractif. Le faisceau d’Airy est un faisceau dit accélérant qui, dans l’espace libre, présente une trajectoire curviligne, ne se déforme pas et est capable de se régénérer après un obstacle. L’auto-focalisation de faisceaux conventionnels, tels les faisceaux gaussiens, a été étudiée dans des milieux nonlinéaires en particulier pour des applications de routage tout-optique. En propageant des faisceaux optiques à travers de tels milieux photosensibles, il est possible de graver optiquement des guides d’onde retraçant la trajectoire de ces faisceaux. C’est dans ce contexte que le faisceau d’Airy suscite beaucoup d’intérêt, grâce à sa forme et sa trajectoire uniques. Dans ce mémoire nous étudions expérimentalement comme théoriquement les mécanismes d’auto-focalisation du faisceau d’Airy. Durant le régime transitoire de l’effet d’auto-focalisation, nous montrons des dynamiques spatiotemporelles singulières qui suggèrent une analogie avec les interactions gravitationnelles entre un objet massique et une onde se propageant dans l’espace-temps courbe. Dans un second temps, nous ajoutons un faisceau d’Airy se propageant dans la direction opposée au premier afin d’analyser leurs interactions. Ensuite, nous testons ces structures guidantes photoinduites par un ou deux faisceaux d’Airy, qui révèlent des possibilités de guidage uniques, non accessibles avec deux faisceaux conventionnels. Ces faisceaux optiques peuvent permettre de réaliser des fonctions de couplage, routage et multiplexage optique. Par ailleurs, nous étudions les limites de la force de guidage en augmentant la nonlinéarité d’autofocalisation du système. Les dynamiques spatiotemporelles qui en dérivent présentent des comportements et une évolution particuliers suggérant des applications dans le routage tout-optique stationnaire tout comme dynamique. Pour conclure, cette thèse nous permet de démontrer les alternatives prometteuses que nous offre le faisceau d’Airy dans la physique générale et plus particulièrement dans la photonique pour le routage tout-optiqueIn this thesis we study the propagation and the self-focusing of Airy beams in a photorefractive crystal. The Airy beam is a so-called accelerating beam which propagates in free space along a curved trajectory and with a shape-preserving and self-healing nature. The self-focusing of conventional beams, such as Gaussian beams, has been studied in nonlinear media in particular for all-optical routing solutions. By propagating optical beams in such photosensitive media, one can induce waveguides with the shape of the optical beams’ trajectories. The unique shape and trajectory of the Airy beam however suggest innovative waveguide possibilities. In this manuscript we theoretically and experimentally study the self-focusing mechanisms of the Airy beam. In particular during the transient self-focusing effect, we enlighten peculiar spatiotemporal dynamics suggesting an analogy with the gravitational interactions between a mass and a wave propagating in a curved spacetime. In a second step we add an Airy beam propagating in the opposite direction to analyze their cross-coupling interactions. The guiding structures induced by one or two counterpropagating Airy beams are then tested and show peculiar guiding possibilities that are not achievable using two conventional beams: optical beams can be guided along curved trajectories and eventually split into multiple beams. Furthermore the limits of the waveguiding strength are studied by increasing the self-focusing nonlinearity of the system. The resulting spatiotemporal dynamics present a peculiar behavior and evolution with possible applications in static and dynamical all-optical routing as well as optical computing such as random number generation. Finally with this thesis we demonstrate that the Airy beam offers promising alternatives in general physics and more specifically in photonics for all-optical routing
12
Suarez, Rafael Antonio Bonilla. "Estudo de feixes de Airy e sua geração experimental via métodos holográficos." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2015.
Find full textAbstract:
Orientador: Prof. Dr. Marcos Roberto da Rocha GesualdiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, 2015.
Os feixes de Airy tem atraido um grande interesse em fotonica, uma vez que tem propriedades vantajosas como a propagacao nao-difrativa e aceleracao sem acao de forcas externas. Por outro lado, a holografia e uma tecnica interferometrica que permite o registro e a reconstrucao de frentes de onda de objetos e feixes opticos, pois um holograma carrega as informacoes de intensidade e fase de um objeto ou feixe eholografadof. Recentemente, o aumento da capacidade de processamento e armazenagem dos microcomputadores; o desenvolvimento de novos dispositivos optoeletronicos, como os moduladores espaciais de luz (SLMs), as cameras CCDs (Coupled Charge Device) de alta resolucao; e, novos materiais fotossensiveis (materiais eletro-opticos e fotorrefrativos, PRMs); vem possibilitando a viabilidade dos hologramas gerados por computador (CGH, Computer Generate Hologram) e a implementacao experimental de sistemas holograficos de registro e reconstrucao numericas e opticas de objetos tridimensionais e geracao de ondas e feixes opticos especiais. Neste trabalho, nos apresentamos um estudo dos feixes de Airy e suas caracteristicas nao-difrativas e de aceleracao durante sua propagacao. Numa primeira etapa, montamos um sistema experimental que permitiu o registro (construcao) numerico e a reconstrucao de hologramas de feixes de Airy usando dispositivos LC-SLM. Numa segunda etapa, montamos um sistema experimental que permitiu o registro e a reconstrucao optica de hologramas de feixes de Airy usando o metodo de holografia fotorrefrativa com cristais ....12......20 (BTO) para a geracao optica de feixes de Airy. Na messma linha, a partir da obtencao numerica dos campos, mostramos a possibilidade de criar matrizes de feixes de Airy em numa so reconstruccao holografica. Paralelamente, fizemos um analise dos resultados de reconstrucao numerica optica dos hologramas e dos resultados de reconstrucao optica destes hologramas, bem como, suas potencialidades para aplicacoes tecnologicas.
The Airy beams have attracted great interest in photonics, once it has advantageous properties as the non-diffractive propagation and acceleration without action of external forces. On the other hand, holography is an interferometric technique that allows the recording and reconstruction of wavefront objects and optical beams, due to hologram carries the intensity and phase information of an object or beam. Recently, increased processing capacity and storage microcomputers; the development of novel optoelectronic devices such as spatial light modulators (SLMs), the CCD camera (Charge Coupled Device) with high resolution; and new photosensitive materials (electro-optic and photorefractive materials, DRP); has enabled the viability of computer-generated holograms (CGH, Computer Generate Hologram) and the experimental implementation of holographic systems of numerical and optical recording-reconstruction of three-dimensional objects and generation of special optical beams. In this work, we present a study of the beam Airy their non-diffractive characteristics and acceleration during its propagation. In a first step, we developed a experimental system that allowed me the record (construction) numerical and optical reconstruction holograms of Airy beams using LC-SLM devices. In a second step, developed a experimental system that allowed me the record and the optical reconstruction Airy beam holograms using photorefractive holography method with ....12......20 (BTO) crystal for optical generation of beams Airy. Similarly, upon the obtaining numerical fields, we show the possibility to create arrays of Airy beams in a single holographic recontruccao. In parallel, we did an analysis of the results of the numerical optical reconstruction of hologrmas and the resultlts of optical reconstruction of such holograms, as well as their potential for technological applications.
13
Thulasi, Sunita. "Theory of the two-dimensional airy electron gas Hartee-Fock and density-functional studies /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4111.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (May 17, 2007) Vita. n following parenthesis in formula (LaTiO₃) should be subscript. Includes bibliographical references.
14
Kim, Jeong-Han. "Optical display of the Airy function and transient wave propagation in a dispersive medium." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02132009-172038/.
Full text
15
Huang, Xin. "Generation of Versatile Vortex Linear Light Bullets." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1444754549.
Full text
16
Durugo, Samuel O. "Higher-order airy functions of the first kind and spectral properties of the massless relativistic quartic anharmonic oscillator." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/16497.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis consists of two parts. In the first part, we study a class of special functions Aik (y), k = 2, 4, 6, ··· generalising the classical Airy function Ai(y) to higher orders and in the second part, we apply expressions and properties of Ai4(y) to spectral problem of a specific operator. The first part is however motivated by latter part. We establish regularity properties of Aik (y) and particularly show that Aik (y) is smooth, bounded, and extends to the complex plane as an entire function, and obtain pointwise bounds on Aik (y) for all k. Some analytic properties of Aik (y) are also derived allowing one to express Aik (y) as a finite sum of certain generalised hypergeometric functions. We further obtain full asymptotic expansions of Aik (y) and their first derivative Ai'(y) both for y > 0 and for y < 0. Using these expansions, we derive expressions for the negative real zeroes of Aik (y) and Ai'(y). Using expressions and properties of Ai4(y), we extensively study spectral properties of a non-local operator H whose physical interpretation is the massless relativistic quartic anharmonic oscillator in one dimension. Various spectral results for H are derived including estimates of eigenvalues, spectral gaps and trace formula, and a Weyl-type asymptotic relation. We study asymptotic behaviour, analyticity, and uniform boundedness properties of the eigenfunctions Ψn(x) of H. The Fourier transforms of these eigenfunctions are expressed in two terms, one involving Ai4(y) and another term derived from Ai4(y) denoted by Āi4(y). By investigating the small effect generated by Āi4(y) this work shows that eigenvalues λn of H are exponentially close, with increasing n Ε N, to the negative real zeroes of Ai4(y) and those of its first derivative Ai'4(y) arranged in alternating and increasing order of magnitude. The eigenfunctions Ψ(x) are also shown to be exponentially well-approximated by the inverse Fourier transform of Ai4(|y| - λn) in its normalised form.
17
Rasoamanana, Jean-Marc. "Etude résurgente d'une classe d'équations différentielles de type Schrödinger." Angers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ANGE0008.
Full text
18
Ould, Jidoumou Ahmedou. "Modèles de résurgence paramétrique : fonctions d'Airy et cylindro-paraboliques." Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE4402.
Full textAbstract:
Parmi les fonctions spéciales, les fonctions d'Airy (1838) et les fonctions cylindro-paraboliques de Weber (1869) occupent depuis longtemps une place importante. Les changements qualitatifs que subissent leurs comportements asymptotiques ont toujours figuré parmi les exemples les plus simples de phénomènes de Stokes (1864). Cette thèse jette une lumière neuve sur le sujet à l'aide de toute la récente théorie des fonctions résurgentes de Jean Ecalle (début des années 80). Grâce à ce nouvel outil, on montre que toute fonction vérifiant les mêmes hypothèses de résurgence que les fonctions d’Airy (respectivement les fonctions de Weber) s'exprime de façon simple et unique en termes de fonctions d’Airy (respectivement fonctions de Weber) et de leurs dérivées
19
Hinton, Jantzen L. "A Study on the Effects of Coil Wedge During Rewinding of Thin Gauge Metals." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1312580769.
Full text
20
Shih, Terence H. W. ""Airy children of our brain" : emotion, science and the legacy of eighteenth-century philosophy in the Shelley Circle, 1812-1821." Thesis, Durham University, 2011. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/877/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the physical effects of human emotion and the mind through selected texts written by the Shelley circle, including P. B. Shelley, Mary Shelley, and Lord Byron. Emotion is a significant variable that dominates human existence. For this reason, the concept of emotion continues to intrigue numerous scientists working today in the fields of neuroscience, psychology, biology, and even robotics. With the rise of neuroscientific or cognitive approaches, the materiality of the mind has also been increasingly discussed in literary studies. Critics, including Alan Richardson, Noel Jackson, and Richard Holmes, revisit the mind and English Romanticism drawing on various scientific perspectives. Other critics, such as Adela Pinch, Thomas Pfau, and Richard C. Sha, have also reflected on emotional studies and Romanticism. Finding affinities with this kind of approach, recently defined as ‘cognitive historicism’, my thesis explores the legacy of eighteenth-century mental philosophy and science in the Shelley circle, 1812-1821. I argue that the Shelley circle’s scientific understanding of the mind and emotion is influenced by the materialism, empiricism, and aesthetics prevalent in the eighteenth century, which come into their own in the Romantic period to prefigure our current scientific understanding of emotion. Chapter One surveys the Shelley circle’s preoccupation with emotion and science and how this is manifest, to varying degrees, in a wide range of critical responses to Frankenstein and writings of other members of the group during this period. During the course of this critical survey I develop the concept of the ‘materiality of emotion’, which is used in subsequent chapters to re-examine the Shelley circle’s scientific philosophy and how it is represented in literary texts written by the group. Chapter Two argues that Shelley develops his views of the mind through his atheistic and materialist reasoning. This materialist thinking of the mind in Queen Mab exerts a seminal influence on how the Shelley circle thought about the workings of human emotion. Chapter Three focuses on Mary Shelley and contemporary eighteenth- and nineteenth-century scientific debates to suggest that the representation of the mechanism of the body in Frankenstein points to the intricate relations between the mechanisms of the mind and emotion and offers a means to heal the schism between French materialism and vitalism. Chapter Four investigates the depiction of emotional effects on the mind in Byron’s Manfred and Shelley’s Alastor. Both poets draw on scientific reasoning and imagination to come to terms with grief, the failure of love, and the loss of ideals. Chapter Five claims that Shelley’s Frankenstein meditates on the effects of physiological elements of the beautiful and the ugly, as well as emotional responses to the sublime science. My final chapter draws on cultural history and gender theory to interpret Byron’s Don Juan (Canto One) and Shelley’s Epipsychidion in an attempt to reaffirm the beautiful and the sublime in their materialist concept of love or sexuality.
21
Zhang, Jiayu. "Potential Anti-Proliferative Natural Products from Bidens biternata (Lour.) Merr. & Sherff and Austrobuxus sanii (Beuzev. & C.T.White) Airy Shaw." Thesis, Griffith University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/380290.
Full textAbstract:
In this project, Bidens biternata (Lour.) Merr.& Sherff collected in Guangxi, China, and Austrobuxus swanii (Beuzev. & C.T.White) Airy Shaw from Queensland, Australia were chosen for NMR and MTS assay-guided chemical investigation. B. biternata, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been used to treat appendicitis, sore throat, diarrhea, dysentery, and stomach ache for hundreds of years. However, there are few of studies on the chemical constituents. Previous biological activity study indicated that the ethanol extract of B. biternata inhibited cell growth against several cancer cell lines. This warranted further research into the bioactive compounds from the TCM. The plant genus Austrobuxus belongs to one of the endemic taxa in Australia. A. swanii is a rare subtropical rainforest tree. There is also insufficient information of this species reported. A recent paper from our group reported four new picrotoxane terpenoids from A. swanii; the LC-MS analysis showed potential new picrotoxane terpenoids in the crude extract, which led to further chemical investigation of the plant species. Three phenyltriynes were isolated from the first biota, B. biternata, by using C18 flash column chromatography, diol silica gel chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC with the guidance of LC-MS and NMR data. One new picrotoxane terpenoid, austrabuxusin E, along with four know austrabuxusins (A-D) were isolated from the second biota, A. swanii by using solvent partitioning and several HPLC purification with the guidance of LC-MS and NMR data. The chemical structures of the pure compounds were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR (COSY, HMBC, HSQC, ROSEY) and MS spectroscopic data. The anti-proliferative activity of the extracts and pure compounds were evaluated against Caco-2 and SKOV3 cell lines by the MTS assay.Thesis (Masters)
Master of Science (MSc)
School of Environment and Sc
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
22
Bouchet, Thomas. "Non linear interaction of self-accelerating light beams." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0312.
Full textAbstract:
Dans cette thèse, nous présentons des résultats concernant la propagation d’un faisceau Airy dans un cristal photoréfractif. Le faisceau Airy est un faisceau à plusieurs lobes qui conserve la même forme tout en se propageant sur une trajectoire courbe. Le cristal photoréfractif est un milieu non linéaire. La lumière peut être imprimée à l’intérieur du cristal et/ou un faisceau lumineux peut y créer son propre guide d’ondes. La propagation du faisceau Airy est modifiée lors du passage dans le cristal. La trajectoire parabolique se transforme alors partiellement ou complètement en un faisceau solitaire. Ce phénomène s’imprime à l’intérieur du cristal et créé un guide d’onde complexe. En modifiant les paramètres du faisceau Airy et la réponse non linéaire du cristal, différents type de guides d’ondes peuvent être obtenues. Nous pouvons donc créer et contrôler un dispositif de routage tout-optique pouvant avoir des applications dans le domaine des télécommunicationsIn this thesis we present results concerning the propagation of an Airy beam in a photorefractive crystal. The Airy beam is a multi-lobed beam that keeps the same shape while propagating along a curved trajectory. It can also regenerate its profile while propagating if it is partially blocked. The photorefractive crystal is a nonlinear media. Light can imprint its intensity distribution inside the crystal and a light beam can create its own waveguide. The Airy beam propagation is changed When going through the crystal. The parabolic trajectory changes partially or completely to a solitary straight beam. Furthermore, this propagation behavior is imprinted inside the crystal and this creates a complex waveguiding structure. By changing the Airy beam parameters and the nonlinear response of the crystal, different waveguiding configurations can be obtained. We can therefore create and control an all-optical routing device with potential applications in the field of telecommunications
23
Jackson, Julianna Geralynn. "The Octagon House and Mount Airy: Exploring the Intersection of Slavery, Social Values, and Architecture in 19th-Century Washington, DC and Virginia." W&M ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1516639577.
Full textAbstract:
This project uses archaeology, architecture, and the documentary record to explore the ways in which one family, the Tayloes, used Georgian design principals as a way of exerting control over the 19th-century landscape. This project uses two Tayloe homes as the units of study and investigates architectural choices at the Octagon House in Washington, DC, juxtaposed with its Richmond County, Virginia counterpart, Mount Airy, to examine architectural features and contexts of slavery on the landscape. Archaeological site reports, building plans, city maps, and various historic documents are used to identify contexts of slavery and explore the relationship between slavery, social values, and architecture at the Octagon House and Mount Airy, as well as look critically at the function of Georgian architectural features in 19th-century society.
24
Lachal, Aimé. "Etude des trajectoires de la primitive du mouvement brownien." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10060.
Full textAbstract:
Dans ce travail nous rassemblons l'essentiel des résultats que nous avons obtenus sur le comportement de l'intégrale du mouvement brownien linéaire, et plus particulièrement sur les différentes distributions associées aux premiers instants de passage des trajectoires par des seuils fixés. Ainsi nous avons pu déterminer explicitement la loi conjointe du couple constitué de : 1) le premier instant du passage du processus primitive par un point fixé ; 2) la position que le mouvement brownien occupe à cet instant. On retrouve en particulier les lois marginales de ce couple découvertes par M. Goldman (1971) et Ju. P. Gor'kov (1975), ainsi que la loi du premier instant de retour à l'origine obtenue par H. P. MCKean (1963). Ce résultat nous a permis de débloquer plusieurs problèmes ouverts. Nous obtenons ainsi les distributions de plusieurs fonctionnelles associées à l'intégrale du mouvement brownien : temps de passages successifs, dernier instant de passage, temps de séjour, excursions. . . Nous étudions ensuite la position de la primitive du mouvement de brownien lorsque ce dernier atteint une barrière simple ou bilatère. Ce type de fonctionnelle apparait naturellement dans certains problèmes étudiés par M. Lefèbvre (1989). Une approche différente nous a permis de retrouver et d'améliorer ses résultats. Nous explicitons finalement la distribution de certaines fonctionnelles relatives à l'intégrale du mouvement brownien lorsque cette dernière est soumise à une dérive parabolique ou cubique. On retrouve en particulier un résultat de P. Groeneboom (1989) concernant le mouvement brownien avec dérive parabolique. Une description de quelques problèmes restant encore ouverts termine ce travailIn this work we gather several results we obtained on the behavior of the integral of linear Brownian motion, and more particularly on the various distributions related to the first passage times of the trajectories by fixed thresholds. For instance, we were able to explicitly determine the joint law of the couple made up of the first passage time of the integrated process by a fixed point and of the related location of Brownian motion. We retrieved in particular the marginal laws of this couple discovered by M. Goldman (1971) and Ju. P. Gor'kov (1975), as well as the law of the first return time to the origin obtained by H. P. McKean (1963). This result enabled us to resolve several open problems. In particular, we obtained the distributions of several functionals associated with the integral of Brownian motion: successive passage times, last passage time, sojourn time, excursions. . . We next studied the location of the primitive of Brownian motion when this latter reaches a single or double barrier. Such functionals naturally arise in some optimization problems studied by M. Lefèbvre (1989). A new approach enabled us to find and improve its results. We finally derived the distribution of certain functionals related to the integral of Brownian motion, this latter being subjected to a parabolic or cubic drift. We retrieved in particular a result of P. Groeneboom (1989) concerning Brownian motion with a parabolic drift. An exhibition of some still open problems completes this work
25
Vetrano, Maria. "Rainbow thermometry development and application to evaporation and diffusion processes." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/216588.
Full textAbstract:
Light scattering by small particles is the physical phenomenon that produces the natural rainbow in the sky. The same phenomenon can be reproduced in laboratory with monochromatic light giving rise to non-intrusive laser based techniques for the measurement of size and refractive index of particles suspended in a medium possessing lower refractive index. These techniques are commonly called "Rainbow Thermometry" techniques and appear at the beginning of the nineties. The measurement of size and refractive index of the particles is obtained through the analysis of the interference fringe image generated in the far field by means of the interaction between the laser light and the particles themselves. The work presented in this thesis has as objective the improvement of the Rainbow Techniques both on the theoretical aspects and the application.In this thesis the Airy theory, which is used as theoretical model for the Standard Rainbow Thermometry, has been improved to minimize the discrepancies it was presenting respect to more complex and complete theories and it has been generalized to spherical particles presenting a spherically symmetric refractive index gradient. This generalized model has been used to evaluate the size and temperature of a n-octane burning droplet in standard atmosphere with good results. The generalization of the Standard Rainbow Thermometry to multiple particles, Global Rainbow Thermometry, is presented both theoretically and experimentally and the role of the particle asphericity in the light scattered intensity is evaluated.
Two experimental application of the Global Rainbow Thermometry are reported. The first one concerns the measurement of size and refractive index of silicon oil droplets suspended in an aqueous bulk. This experiment allows the Global Rainbow Thermometry validation through the comparison with measurements simultaneously obtained with well known experimental techniques as Back-Light scattering and thermocouple measurement with satisfactory results.
The second experiment concerns Global Rainbow Thermometry measurement performed on an evaporating flat-fan water spray. The results obtained, both for temperature and for size, are in satisfactory agreement with predictions already done by other authors and with numerical simulations performed by the engineering code CASIMIRE.
Doctorat en sciences appliquées
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
26
Hussain, Zahid, Muhammad Sulaiman, and Edward K. E. Sackey. "Optimal System of Subalgebras and Invariant Solutions for the Black-Scholes Equation." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2817.
Full textAbstract:
The main purpose of this thesis is to use modern goal-oriented adaptive methods of Lie group analysis to construct the optimal sys- tem of Black-Scholes equation. We will show in this thesis how to obtain all invariant solutions by constructing what has now become so popular, optimal system of sub-algebras, the main Lie algebra admit- ted by the Black-Scholes equation. First, we obtain the commutator table of already calculated symmetries of the Black-Scholes equation. We then followed with the calculations of transformation of the gen- erators with the Lie algebra L6 which provides one-parameter group of linear transformations for the operators. Here we make use of the method of Lie equations to solve the partial di®erential equations. Next, we consider the construction of optimal systems of the Black- Scholes equation where the method requires a simpli¯cation of a vector to a general form to each of the transformations of the generators. Further, we construct the invariant solutions for each of the op- timal system. This study is motivated by the analysis of Lie groups which is being taken to another level by ALGA here in Blekinge In- stitute Technology, Sweden. We give a practical and in-depth steps and explanation of how to construct the commutator table, the calcu- lation of the transformation of the generators and the construction of the optimal system as well as their invariant solutions. Keywords: Black-Scholes Equation, commutators, commutator table, Lie equa- tions, invariant solution, optimal system, generators, Airy equation, structure constant,It was an accolade for us to work with Professor Nail.H. Ibrgimov. +46762600953
27
Lladser, Manuel Eugenio. "Asymptotic enumeration via singularity analysis." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1060976912.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 227 p.; also includes graphics Includes bibliographical references (p. 224-227). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
28
Lindberg, Karin, and Anna Nordlander. "Housing projekt Pattaya Thailand." Thesis, Jönköping University, School of Engineering, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-615.
Full textAbstract:
This report will examine the problems and possibilities of building a luxurious modern residence in Pattaya, Thailand, incorporating the old traditional building styles of the wooden houses to an ecological house with a low demand for technology.
The client, B. Grimm Group, has recently set up a polo club in the vicinity of Pattaya and has requested a complete set of layouts regarding a planned housing area on the premises. The project includes a structure plan of the village area, perspectives, facades, building layouts and axonometric views of all house types, as well as garden plans. The written report works as a complement to the designs and explains the background to the final proposal.
The report also handles the building technology and construction process of building a traditional Thai house and briefly investigates the ecological aspects of building in Thailand.
29
Conceição, Maristela Neves da. "Avaliação da influência do sombreamento artificial no desenvolvimento de novilhas leiteiras em pastagens." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11131/tde-18112008-142644/.
Full textAbstract:
Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar e quantificar o efeito do sombreamento artificial proporcionado por diferentes tipos de materiais de cobertura sobre a fisiologia, o comportamento e o desenvolvimento de novilhas leiteiras, em ambiente de pastagens. A pesquisa foi realizada no período de 08/01/2007 à 30/04/2007. A área experimental foi dividida em 16 parcelas adjacentes e iguais com 84 m² cada. Foram comparados a testemunha (sem sombra) com três tipos de cobertura: telhas de fibrocimento sem cimento amianto, telhas galvanizadas e tela de polipropileno 80% As dimensões dos abrigos foram 2m x 4m e 4m de altura (4m² de sombra.animal-1), sem paredes laterais. Foram utilizadas 16 novilhas Holandesas e 16 Hol x Jersey com idade e peso iniciais de 17,2 ± 5,6 meses e 265,3 ± 66,9kg, respectivamente, pareadas em função da uniformidade de peso e idade. As novilhas permaneciam em piquetes de capim elefante (Penissetum purpureum) durante a noite e após as 9:00h eram conduzidas para as parcelas. A tgn foi registrada por minidatalogger conectado a globo negro para cálculo de CTR e ITGU em cada parcela. As variáveis meteorológicas foram obtidas no posto agrometeorológico da ESALQ/USP. Semanalmente foram registradas FR, TR e TP. As observações comportamentais foram realizadas em dias não consecutivos por 24 horas pelo método focal. As pesagens dos animais foram realizadas mensalmente. As condições ambientais durante o período da pesquisa foram caracterizadas como estressantes para novilhas. A análise física dos materiais (tgn, CTR e ITGU) indicou diferença entre os materiais de cobertura (P<0,05) sendo a telhas de fibrocimento sem amianto a mais confortável termicamente, seguida da telha galvanizada e da tela. Os valores de FR foram menores sob as telhas de fibrocimento (P<0,05) e semelhantes entre telha galvanizada e tela (P>0,05), os valores de TR não apresentaram diferença entre tratamentos somente entre horários e para a TP houve diferença (P<0,05) entre o tratamento fibrocimento e a testemunha, porém não houve entre os demais (P>0,05). A FR apresentou as respostas mais imediatas às alterações ambientais. Houve correlação da TR com a FR e a TP. Não foram observadas alterações comportamentais entre os tratamentos, os animais ficaram sob as sombras nas horas mais quentes do dia, preferencialmente em pé, o comportamento diário seguiu os padrões conhecidos para bovinos. O ganho de peso não foi alterado pelos tratamentos. A análise de custo indicou a cobertura de fibrocimento como a mais indicada para a construção de abrigos considerando-se os resultados encontrados. A pesquisa indicou haver melhora no bem estar térmico das novilhas, porém, não conseguiu determinar ganhos efetivos na utilização da sombra.The objective of the present study was to evaluate and quantify the effect of artificial shade given by different types of roofing materials on the physiology, behavior and development of dairy heifers in a pasture environment. The present study took place from January 8, 2007 to April 30, 2007. The experimental area was divided into 16 equal, adjacent plots with 84 m2. Three roofing treatments (fiber-cement roofing tiles without amianthus, galvanized roofing tiles and 80% polypropylene screen) were compared to a control (no shade). Shelter structures had no lateral walls and measured 2m x 4m x 4m height (4m² shaded per animal). Animals consisted of 16 Holstein heifers and 16 Holstein x Jersey heifers with initial age and weight being 17.2 ± 5.6 months and 265.3 ± 66.9 kg, respectively. Animals were equally distributed among the treatments according to weight and age. At night, heifers were kept in fields with Pennisetum purpureum, also known as elephant grass. After 9:00 am, animals were taken to the experimental plots. Black globe thermometer temperature (tbg) was measured using a mini-datalogger connected to a black globe. Values were then used to calculate Radiant Thermic Load (RTL) and Black Globe Humidity Index (BGHI) of each plot. Meteorological variables were obtained from the agricultural-meteorological post at the ESALQ/USP. Respiration rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT) and skin temperature (ST) were registered weekly. Behavioral observations were recorded every other day using the focal method. Animals were weighed monthly. Environmental conditions during the research period were characterized as stressful for the heifers. Physical analysis of the material (tbg, RTL and BGHI) indicated the roofing treatments to be significantly different (P<0.05), with the fiber-cement roofing tiles without amianthus to be the most comfortable regarding temperature, followed by the galvanized roofing tiles and the 80% polypropylene screens. Respiration rate was lower under the fiber-cement roofing tiles (P<0.05) and similar under the galvanized tiles and polypropylene screen (P>0.05). RR values were lower under the fiber-cement tiles (P<0.05) and similar under the galvanized roofing tiles and polypropylene screen (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in RT values among treatments; however, a difference was found among data collection times. Concerning ST, fiber-cement tiles were significantly different from the control (P<0.05). On the other hand, there were no significant differences regarding ST among the other treatments (P>0.05). RR presented the most immediate response to environmental alterations. RT presented correlation with RR and ST. No behavioral alterations were observed among the treatments. Daily behavior followed known bovine patterns. Weight gain was not altered by the treatments. A cost analysis indicated fibercement roofing tiles to be better for shelter construction. The present study also indicated improved heifer thermal well-being; however, no effective gains could be determined from shade use.
30
Ma, Zelong. "Extension du modèle de tracé de rayons vectoriels complexes et application à la caractérisation d'une particule non-sphérique." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR053/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse est dédiée à l'extension du Tracé de Rayons Vectoriels Complexes (TRVC) développé au laboratoire et son application à la caractérisation des particules non-sphériques. Dans divers domaines de recherche, tels que la mécanique des fluides et la combustion, nous devons mesurer les caractéristiques des particules. Parmi les différents types de techniques de mesure, la métrologie optique est largement utilisée grâce à sa précision et sa fiabilité. Cependant, la forme des particules est souvent considérée comme sphérique principalement à cause du manque de moyens pour prédire avec précision l'interaction de la lumière avec de grandes particules non-sphériques. TRVC a été développé pour répondre à ces besoins. Il est basé sur le modèle de rayons mais une amélioration radicale a été apportée dans ce nouveau modèle par l'introduction d'une nouvelle propriété dans la notion de rayons lumineux - la courbure de front d'onde. Dans cette thèse, le modèle est appliqué à réexaminer la théorie d'Airy. Il a été montré que TRVC prédit mieux les intensités et les positions des lobes secondaires dans les arcs-en-ciel d'une particule sphérique que la théorie d'Airy. Ensuite, TRVC est appliqué à l'étude des propriétés des arcs-en-ciel formés par les ellipsoïdes allongé et aplati. Il est montré que TRVC peut prédire analytiquement les positions et les intensités de lobes secondaires dans les arcs-en-ciel d’une particule sphéroïdale lorsqu’elle est éclairée par une onde plane dans le plan symétrique. Les pics dus à l'effet focal d'une particule sphéroïdale aplatie ont également été évalués analytiquement en utilisantle facteur de divergence de TRVC. Un système de mesure est aussi mis en place dans le laboratoire pour la diffusion de la lumière par des gouttes pendantes. Il a été montré que le rapport des intensités des deux premiers arcs-en-ciel est sensible à l'ellipticité d'un sphéroïde équivalent. Ceci ouvre un champ d'application potentiel pour caractériser la déformation d'une goutte pendanteThis thesis is dedicated to the extension of Vectorial Complex Ray Model (VCRM)developed in the laboratory and its application in the characterization of large nonspherical particles. In various research domains, such as the uid mechanics and the combustion field, we need to measure the characteristics of the particles. Among di_erent kinds of measurement techniques, the optical metrology is largely employed due to its advantage of being accurate, reliable and non-intrusive. However, in many optical techniques, the shape of the particles is assumed to be spherical. The main reason of this limit is due to the lack of theoretical model to describe with precision the interaction of light with large non-spherical particles. The Vectorial Complex Ray Model has been developed to reply this demand. It is based on the ray model but a radical improvement has been done by introducing a new property the wave front curvatures in the ray model. In this thesis, the model is firstly applied to reexamine the Airy theory. It is shown that even in the case of spherical particle VCRM predicts better the intensity and positions of supernumerary bows of rainbow than the Airy theory. Then VCRM is applied to investigate the properties of the rainbows formed by a spheroidal (prolate or oblate) particle. It is shown that VCRM can predict analytically the positions and the intensity of supernumerary bows and the peaks due to the focal effect when it is illuminated by a plane wave in the symmetrical plane.The theoretical research results have been also applied to the experimental characterization of a pendant drop. The intensity ratio of the two first orders of rainbow is shown sensible to the aspect ratio of the equivalent spheroid and it opens a potential to develop a measurement technique to characterize the deformation of pendant drop
31
Pasqualetti, Giulio. "Equazioni di Schrödinger semilineari." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/15858/.
Full textAbstract:
Fra tutte le equazioni differenziali alle derivate parziali, quelle dispersive formano una classe importante. Tale terminologia si riferisce al fatto che i profili delle loro soluzioni tendono ad allargarsi e ad appiattirsi nel tempo, cioè a ”disperdersi”. Un esempio molto importante all’interno di questa classe è quello dell’equazione di Schrödinger, che scaturisce dalla Fisica Quantistica
e determina l’evoluzione temporale dello stato di un sistema, ad esempio di una particella, di un atomo o di una molecola. L’elaborato prende in considerazione tale equazione ed ha il duplice scopo di studiarne le proprietà e di utilizzarla come modello per mostrare quali tipi di problematiche affiorano in questo campo e quali sono gli approcci e le strategie d’attacco più utilizzati per risolverle. A partire dal caso lineare, di fondamentale importanza, si arriverà a quello semilineare attraverso strumenti di analisi armonica, funzionale e complessa, fino a fornirne una soluzione locale.
32
Solliec, Ian. "Optique géométrique eulérienne et calcul d'énérgie électromagnétique en présence de caustiques de type pli." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066590.
Full text
33
Mazon, John Michael. "Ottica geometrica e ondulatoria, e applicazioni astrofisiche." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/25360/.
Full textAbstract:
L'ottica è la disciplina della fisica che descrive le propietà della luce e la sua interazione con la materia. Si suddivide in due branche: l'ottica geometrica e l'ottica ondulatoria. L'ottica geometrica assume che la luce si propaghi mediante raggi rettilinei. L'ottica ondulatoria invece è una teoria più precisa, e tratta la luce rigorosamente come un'onda ellettromagnetica e studia i fenomeni di interferenza, diffrazione e polarizzazione che non sono prevviste dalle approssimazioni dell'ottica geometrica. L'ottica ha diversi applicazioni nell'astrofisica. In questo elaborato è illustato brevemente la grande importanza dell'ottica nello studio dei telescopi. Da una parte l'ottica geometrica costituisce le fondamenta elementari per la comprensione del funzionamento dei telescopi ottici, dall'altra le tecniche della interferometria sono la base delle osservarzioni della radioastronomia. Inoltre viene mostrato come da osservazioni sulla polarizzazione dell'emissione delle pulsar è possibile mappare la struttura del campo magnetico della nostra galassia.
34
Nylk, Jonathan. "Advanced light-sheet and structured illumination microscopy techniques for neuroscience and disease diagnosis." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/10842.
Full textAbstract:
Optical microscopy is a cornerstone of biomedical research. Advances in optical techniques enable specific, high resolution, sterile, and biologically compatible imaging. In particular, beam shaping has been used to tailor microscopy techniques to enhance microscope performance. The aim of this Thesis is to investigate the use of novel beam shaping techniques in emerging optical microscopy methods, and to apply these methods in biomedicine. To overcome the challenges associated with high resolution imaging of large specimens, the use of Airy beams and related techniques are applied to light-sheet microscopy. This approach increases the field-of-view that can be imaged at high resolution by over an order of magnitude compared to standard Gaussian beam based light-sheet microscopy, has reduced phototoxicity, and can be implemented with a low-cost optical system. Advanced implementations show promise for imaging at depth within turbid tissue, in particular for neuroscience. Super-resolution microscopy techniques enhance the spatial resolution of optical methods. Structured illumination microscopy is investigated as an alternative for electron microscopy in disease diagnosis, capable of visualising pathologically relevant features of kidney disease. Separately, compact optical manipulation methods are developed with the aim of adding functionality to super-resolution techniques.
35
Godoy, Luisa Andrade Gomes. "Os verbos recíprocos no PB:: Interface sintaxe-semântica lexical." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/AIRR-7DGP92.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation aims to study the reciprocal verbs in Brazilian Portuguese (BP). These verbs behave syntactically in two ways: one way is the reciprocal verbs simple form, in sentences like João e Maria conversaram (in which the participants of the reciprocity relation are denoted by a single argument) and the other way is the reciprocal verbs discontinuous form, in sentences like João concorda com Maria (in which the participants of the reciprocity relation are denoted by two separate arguments). The first half of this text contains a description of the reciprocal verbs as a verbal class in BP. Using a test developed to identify reciprocal verbs, we listed over 200 verbs in BP, from which we picked the 126 most common ones for our data. We demonstrate how these verbs have different transitivity patterns and different thematic grills. Then, we ponder on the notion of verbal class, assuming the hypothesis that there are semantic properties in the items lexical information that determine their syntactic behavior. The semantic property shared by the reciprocal verbs is reciprocity, no matter what thematic grill they have. Reciprocity determines these verbs syntactic behavior: the alternation between a simple and a discontinuous form, no matter what transitivity pattern they have. Therefore, we show that reciprocity is a grammatically relevant semantic property. We also discuss the nature of this property, that seems to belong to the verbs logic meaning. The second half of this text contains a lexical-semantic analysis of the simple-discontinuous alternation. Adopting Cançados (2005a) proposal for thematic roles, we answer a current question in linguistic literature: are simple and discontinuous sentences synonymous? We demonstrate how these forms cannot be used to describe the same event, therefore, they are not synonymous. A simple form describes a symmetric reciprocal eventand a discontinuous form describes an asymmetric reciprocal event. So, we distinguish the two notions: reciprocity and symmetry. We then go onto the nature of the simple-discontinuous alternation, for it differs from merely syntactic alternations like the active-passive one. The simple-discontinuous alternation involves not only a variation in syntactic structure, but also a variation in the number of arguments in the argument structure. Pursuing the idea that a reciprocal verb does not have two argument structures (each related to a syntactic form), we propose a single argument structure for each verb. Finally, what we seek is to corroborate the hypothesis that a grammatical phenomenon, like the syntactic alternation presented by reciprocal verbs, can be explained from a semantic point of view. Because we deal with lexical-semantic aspects related to a syntactic phenomenon, its possible to say that this research has an interface perspective.Esta dissertação toma como objeto de estudo os verbos recíprocos no português brasileiro (PB). Esses verbos se comportam de duas maneiras na sintaxe: numa forma simples, como em João e Maria conversam (na qual os participantes da reciprocidade são denotados por um argumento) e numa forma descontínua, como em João conversa com Maria (na qual os participantes da reciprocidade são denotados separadamente por dois argumentos, um deles preposicionado). A primeira parte do trabalho é uma descrição desses verbos, ainda inexplorados como classe verbal no PB. Por meio de um teste que criamos, identificamos cerca de 200 verbos recíprocos no PB, dentre os quais elegemos 126 para análise. Mostramos que esses verbos apresentam diferentes transitividades e grades temáticas. Realizamos, então, uma reflexão sobre a noção de classe verbal, assumindo, juntamente com Cançado (2005a) e outros, a hipótese de que há propriedades semânticas, presentes na informação lexical dos itens, que determinam seu comportamento sintático. No caso dos verbos recíprocos, a propriedade semântica que compartilham é a reciprocidade, que determina a alternância entre as formas simples e descontínua, independentemente da transitividade e da grade temática do verbo. Mostramos, portanto, que a reciprocidade é uma propriedade gramaticalmente relevante, e apresentamos, ainda, uma discussão sobre a natureza dessa propriedade, que parece pertencer ao componente lógico do significado do verbo. A segunda parte do trabalho é uma análise semântico-lexical da alternância simples-descontínua. Usando a proposta de Cançado (2005a) para os papéis temáticos, buscamos responder a uma questão recorrente na literatura: as formas simples e descontínua são sinônimas? Mostramos que essas formas não podem ser usadas na descrição de um mesmo evento, não sendo, pois, sinônimas. A sentença simples descreve um evento recíproco simétrico e a descontínua, um evento recíproco assimétrico. Diferenciamos, então, os conceitos de reciprocidade e simetria. Discutimos também sobre a natureza da alternância simples descontínua, que parece diferente de alternâncias estritamente sintáticas, como a ativo-passiva. A alternância dos verbos recíprocos envolve, além da variação de estruturas sintáticas, uma variação no número de argumentos na estrutura argumental. Buscando não assumir que um verbo recíproco tem duas estruturas argumentais, cada qual relacionada a uma das formas alternantes, então, propomos uma estrutura argumental única para cada verbo. Pretendemos, dessa forma, corroborar a hipótese de que um fenômeno gramatical, como o da ocorrência dos verbos recíprocos nas duas formas sintáticas, pode ser explicado de um ponto de vista semântico. Porque tratamos de aspectos semântico-lexicais relacionados a um fenômeno sintático, enfim, podemos dizer que esta pesquisa tem uma perspectiva de interface.
36
Prudente, Virginia Mary Mendonca. "A Gramática no Banco dos Réus: culpada ou inocente?: O papel da gramática normativa na escola: reflexos no processo de ensino-aprendizagem da língua portuguesa." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/AIRR-7DHJ8P.
Full textAbstract:
This paper aims to provide a critical analysis around the function exercised by the normative grammar in school benches, more specifically regarding the Fundamental School. It still tries to verify the reflexes of a purely grammatical teaching in the discursive-linguistic development of these students. In order to do that, a research was conducted with 102 students registered in the 1st grade of the Intermediary School. The corpus of the research is composed by 102 tests containing exercises included in traditional normative grammars that try to measure the linguistic knowledge of the subjects about the content proposed by the normative grammar; and 102 tests of textual production that try to measure the effective knowledge of the subjects about the standard Portuguese. This research adopts the conception of text as a place for interaction between social actors and the construction of the interaction of senses (conception of sociocognitiveinteractional base) that integrates with the bakhtinian point-of-view of the language, that considers the text as a product of a social activity the language whose existence is instituted based on the communication needs of the speakers in sociodiscursive interactions. By the end of the research, it was possible to verify, based on the results presented, that the teaching of the Portuguese language which includes the dominium of the standard Portuguese, specially in its writing modality as it is being conducted in school, continuously and systematically coupled to the traditional grammar study, which is known as of an essentially metaliguistic and prescriptive character have being demonstrating itself not only as inefficient as well as harmful to the development of several other linguistic-discursive skills of the students.Este trabalho procura fazer uma análise crítica acerca do papel exercido pela gramática normativa nos bancos escolares, mais especificamente no que respeita ao Ensino Fundamental. Procura verificar ainda os reflexos do ensino puramente gramatical no desempenho lingüístico-discursivo desses alunos. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa com 102 alunos matriculados na 1ª série do Ensino Médio. O corpus da pesquisa se constitui de 102 testes contendo exercícios previstos nas gramáticas normativas tradicionais, nos quais se procurou "aferir" o conhecimento lingüístico dos sujeitos acerca do conteúdo proposto na gramática normativa; e 102 testes de produção textual, em que se procurou avaliar o conhecimento efetivo dos sujeitos acerca do português padrão. Esta pesquisa acolhe a concepção de texto como lugar de interação entre atores sociais e de construção interacional de sentidos (concepção de base sociocognitivainteracional), que se coaduna com o ponto de vista bakhtiniano de língua, segundo o qual o texto é fruto de uma atividade social - a língua -, cuja existência se institui a partir das necessidades de comunicação dos falantes em interações sociodiscursivas. Ao final da pesquisa, pôde-se comprovar, diante dos resultados apresentados, que o ensino da língua portuguesa - no qual se inclui o domínio do português padrão, sobretudo em sua modalidade escrita - tal como vem sendo conduzido na escola, atrelado sistemática e continuamente ao estudo gramatical tradicional, que se sabe é de caráter essencialmente metalingüístico e prescritivo - tem se mostrado não só ineficiente como também prejudicial ao desenvolvimento das outras diversas habilidades lingüístico-discursivas dos alunos.
37
Martins, Antonio Carlos Soares. "A emergência de eventos complexos em aulas on-line e face-a-face: Uma abordagem ecológica." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/AIRR-7DDPCD.
Full textAbstract:
Interaction has frequently been a theme of intense debate in the field of Applied Linguistics and this has become more prominent with the recent technological developments. This work investigates the interactional dynamics in an English as a foreign language writing course offered in blended mode with face-to-face and online classes. The study was supported by an ecosystemic perspective which incorporated principles from both Complexity Theory and ecological approaches to language teaching and learning. The investigation was carried out in an ethnographic perspective with systematic observation of the course activities for the length of a school term. The analysis sought to enlighten the processes of interaction, participation and collaboration in the course, focusing on the collaborative text editing process in an online forum and in face-to-face seminars. The results point out to the value of blended instructional designs that aim at the convergence of face-to-face and online modes in order to explore the potentialities of each mode. Blended learning courses have the potential of combining these traditionally separated teaching modalities integrating the proprieties and possibilities of each one. The combination of these modalities overcomes the dualism that seems to suggest a need to chose between conventional face-to-face and online modes and enhance the potential benefits in a way that is beyond the capacities of each one individually.O papel da interação na aprendizagem de línguas tem sido tema freqüente na área de Lingüística Aplicada. Com os recentes avanços tecnológicos, essa questão tornou-se ainda mais proeminente. Este trabalho investiga as dinâmicas interativas ocorridas em uma disciplina de escrita em inglês como língua estrangeira oferecida na modalidade mista com aulas face-a-face e on-line. O estudo foi sustentado por uma perspectiva ecossistêmica, incluindo princípios da Teoria da Complexidade e de abordagens ecológicas às relações de ensino e aprendizagem de línguas. A investigação foi conduzida sob uma perspectiva etnográfica, com acompanhamento sistemático das atividades da disciplina durante todo o semestre letivo. A análise procurou evidenciar os processos de interação, participação e colaboração na disciplina como um todo e, em especial, no processo de revisão colaborativa de textos em um fórum on-line e em seminários face-a-face. Os resultados destacam o valor de desenhos instrucionais mistos que busquem a convergência das modalidades de ensino aulas face-a-face e on-line de forma a explorar o potencial de cada modalidade. Desenhos instrucionais mistos têm o potencial de combinar essas modalidades de ensino tradicionalmente separadas, integrando as propriedades e possibilidades de cada uma. A combinação dessas modalidades supera o dualismo que parece sugerir a necessidade de se escolher entre a modalidade convencional face-a-face e a on-line, e potencializa os benefícios de uma forma que vai além das capacidades individuais de cada uma.
38
Oliveira, Eliane Carolina de. "Formadores de Professores de Língua Inglesa:: Uma experiência de colaboração e reflexâo." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/AIRR-7DDQV3.
Full textAbstract:
This study was carried out with a group of 18 foreign language teacher educators (including myself as a research participant) from 11 different university contexts both from the public and the private sectors in the state of Goiás. The aim of the research was two-fold. First, it aimed at gathering teacher educators from different locations within the State, so that they could discuss themes concerning their work with pre-service and in-service education. Second, it sought to acquire an in-depth knowledge of the teacher educators identities, contexts and their practices with undergraduate students. In order to do that, a virtual group was created providing the space for interactions without geographical constraints. The studies in the theoretical background point out the lack of research concerning teacher educators on one hand (RICHARDSON, 1996; PIMENTA and ANASTASIOU, 2002; ALTET et al. 2003; MIZUKAMI, 2005) and the use of a more social and collaborative view of reflection by student teachers and teacher educators alike on the other (ZEICHNER and LISTON, 1990; PESSOA, 2002; HAWKINS and IRUJO, 2004; JORGE, 2005). In order to conduct this investigation, a qualitative research was undertaken and data were collected by means of autobiographies, interviews, questionnaires as well as the messages exchanged by the participants in the virtual interactions. The results show that teacher educators identity construction draws on several sources including their own language learning experiences at language learning institutions, at teacher training courses and their language education undergraduate courses at university. As an outcome, the conceptual orientations underlying the teacher educators practice resemble, both in practical and theoretical aspects, the models they experienced. The results also show that the process of undertaking a more collaborative reflective practice may be affected by each individuals personality traits.Este estudo foi conduzido com um grupo de 18 formadores de professores de LE (incluindo eu mesma como pesquisadora participante) oriundos de 11 contextos universitários distintos, tanto do setor público quanto do privado, no Estado de Goiás. O objetivo da pesquisa foi duplo. Em primeiro lugar, almejou-se reunir formadores de professores de diferentes localidades do Estado para que eles pudessem discutir questões relativas ao seu trabalho com a formação inicial e continuada dos professores. Em segundo lugar, procurou-se adquirir um conhecimento mais profundo dos perfis identitários dos formadores, bem como a respeito dos seus contextos e práticas de formação inicial. Para isso, criou-se um grupo virtual de discussões que propiciaria o espaço de reunião sem limitações geográficas e facilitaria as interações. O referencial teórico está centrado em pesquisas que apontam a carência de estudos sobre os formadores de professores por um lado (RICHARDSON, 1996; PIMENTA e ANASTASIOU, 2002; ALTET et al. 2003; MIZUKAMI, 2005), e, por outro, em investigações que defendem o uso de uma visão mais social e colaborativa de reflexão tanto por alunos professores quanto pelos próprios formadores de professores (ZEICHNER e LISTON, 1990; PESSOA, 2002; HAWKINS e IRUJO, 2004; JORGE, 2005). Para conduzir esta investigação, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa na qual os dados foram coletados por meio de autobiografias, entrevistas, questionários e de um conjunto das mensagens trocadas pelos participantes nas interações virtuais. Os resultados apontam que a construção das identidades dos formadores de professores tem origem em várias fontes, inclusive em suas experiências de aprendizagem de língua inglesa em cursos livres, em cursos de treinamento realizados e no curso de graduação. A implicação é que as orientações conceituais subjacentes às práticas dos formadores são análogas àquelas que experienciaram, tanto nos aspectos práticos quanto teóricos. Os resultados demonstram ainda que o processo de engajamento em uma prática reflexiva de cunho mais colaborativo pode ser afetado pelas características pessoais de cada indivíduo.
39
Silva, Valdir. "A dinâmica caleidoscópica do processo de aprendizagem coloborativa no contexto virtual:: um estudo na perspectiva da complexidade/caos." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/AIRR-7DDK65.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years there has been significant amoung of research guided by completxity and chaos theories in the area of Applied linguistics (Larsen-Freeman, 1997; Paiva, 2005; van Lier, 2004, Lantolf, 2006, Cameron and Deignan, 2006, among others). The ideas of complexity/chaos consider the inter-relation of agents in a complex system is dynamic, non-linear, open, unpredictable, chaotic, sensitive to inicial conditiaons, subject to strange attractors, bifurcative and self-similar (fractals) In other word, it is highly complex. In the light of these theoretical notions, the discussion in this work is centered on the analysis of 1,370 e-mail exchanged among the adult learners of a Virtual Community of Learning (Discussion List) to show that the process of collaboration for learning is a natural property of this community. Thus, collaboration was regarded as a dynamic event that emerges in the interstice between the predictable and unpredictable of the system, propelling it into its future trajectory. In this research, the concept of dynamizer (dinamizador) was developed and implemented as an alternative proposition and (re)signified for the metaphor of the instructional scaffolding (Wood, Brunner Ross, 1976, Cazden; 1979). To investigate the ethos of this virtual community, I adopted as logic of research - in perspective - the methodology of virtual ethnography (Hine, 2000). The analysis demonstrated that the instructional scaffolding, when focused in the light of the complexity/chaos, is an inadequate metaphor, in its evocative power, to represent the complex dynamics that conforms the process of collaborative learning. Moreover, the concept of dynamizer, despite lacking further studies, presented itself as a valid concept to explain not only the abovementioned process in the collective system and interpersonal of Virtual Learning Environment (VLE), but also the intrapessoal system through the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). The discussion herein presented aims to serve as a starting point for reflexions regarding collaborative educational processes in virtual environments.Nos recentes anos tem sido significante o número de pesquisas norteadas pela teoria da complexidade e do caos na área da Lingüística Aplicada (Larsen-Freeman, 1997; Paiva, 2002; van Lier, 2004; Lantolf, 2006; Cameron and Deignan, 2006, entre outros). A idéia de complexidade/caos considera que a inter-relação dos agentes em um sistema complexo é dinâmica, não-linear, aberta, imprevisível, caótico, sensível às condições iniciais, sujeito a atratores estranhos, bifurcativo, e auto-similar (fractais). Em outras palavras, ele é altamente complexo. Á luz destas noções teóricas, a discussão neste trabalho é centrada na analise de 1.370 emissivas (e-mails) trocados entre aprendizes adultos de uma Comunidade Virtual de Aprendizagem (AVA) Lista de Discussão para mostrar que o processo de colaboração para a aprendizagem é uma propriedade natural nessa comunidade. Assim, a colaboração foi considerada como um evento dinâmico que emerge no interstício entre o previsível e o imprevisível do sistema e também como um evento que o impulsiona em sua trajetória futura. No contexto desta investigação, o conceito de dinamizador foi desenvolvido e aplicado como uma proposição alternativa e de (re)significação para a metáfora do andaime instrucional (Wood, Brunner Ross, 1976, Cazden; 1979). Para investigar o ethos desta comunidade virtual, adotei como lógica de investigação - em perspectiva - a metodologia da etnografia virtual (Hine, 2000). A análise demonstrou que o andaime instrucional, quando focado à luz da complexidade/caos, é uma metáfora que se apresenta inadequada em sua força evocativa para representar a dinâmica complexa que conforma o processo da aprendizagem colaborativa. Por outro lado, o conceito de dinamizador, mesmo carecendo de mais estudos, se apresentou válido para explicar, não apenas o referido processo no sistema coletivo e interpessoal do Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem, mas também o sistema intrapessoal, através da Zona de Desenvolvimento Proximal (ZDP). A presente discussão pretende se assim, colocar como reflexão alternativa para o processo de colaboração em meios virtuais.
40
Souza, Vander Lucio de. "Caminho do boi, caminho do homem: O léxico de Águas Vermelhas - Norte de Minas." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/AIRR-7DHP7P.
Full textAbstract:
This research shows the lexicon of the North part of Minas Gerais State, especially Águas Vermelhas (Red Waters) its location placed between two routes that discovered the Minas Gerais territory. The routes are: 1st) the route of one the oldest flags that uncovered the State of Minas Gerais (16th century), as mentioned by Vasconcelos (1944); 2nd) the oxen route a route used to provide supplies to Minas Gerais from the 18th century. The objective was to perform a linguistic historical and cultural study, focusing on the semantic area of this rural area, through oral interviews. On these transcripts, we followed the methodology used on other projects performed by members of Through the Walkways of Minas Project: the flags and language of the Gerais (FALE-UFMG) a detailed lexical study, grouped in two kinds of vocabulary: lexical field and historical and cultural context. As for theoretical support we relied on Sociolinguistics (LABOV, 1972 and MILROY, 1992), on Anthropological Linguistics (DURANTI, 2000 and HYMES, 1964), on the concept of cultural region (DIÉGUES JR., 1960); on historical studies of the region (MAGALHÃES, 1935, ZEMELLA, 1990 e ABREU, 1963 e 1982); on the lexical field theory (BIDERMAN, 1978, 1998 e 2001, COSERIU, 1977). After analyzing the data, this study revealed retention linguistic cases of variation and linguistic modification through the years; a regional vocabulary and cases of lexical influence from the northeast region of Brazil specially Bahia. On this vocabulary study, we could bring back certain historical, social and cultural aspects of the region and also highlight the importance of the countrymen and cattle breeding in Águas Vermelhas (Red Waters) town, by proving the importance of a linguistic study with a lexical focus in order to describe the contemporary Portuguese language in Brazil.Esta pesquisa estuda o léxico do município de Águas Vermelhas, no Norte de Minas, parte constitutiva de duas rotas ligadas ao desbravamento do território mineiro: 1) a rota de uma das bandeiras mais antigas que adentrou o Estado de Minas (século XVI), (cf. VASCONCELOS, 1944); 2) a rota do caminho do boi responsável pelo abastecimento em Minas Gerais a partir do século XVIII. O objetivo é realizar um estudo lingüístico-histórico-cultural do município, tendo como foco o campo semântico do mundo rural, por meio de entrevistas orais posteriormente transcritas segundo a metodologia adotada pelo Projeto Pelas Trilhas de Minas: as bandeiras e a língua nas Gerais da FALE-UFMG , estudo descritivo do léxico, agrupamento do vocabulário selecionado em campos lexicais, e contextualização histórico-cultural. O referencial teórico baseia-se na Sociolingüística (LABOV, 1972 e MILROY, 1992), na Antropologia Lingüística (DURANTI,2000 e HYMES, 1964), no conceito de região cultural (DIÉGUES JR.,1960); em estudos históricos sobre a região (MAGALHÃES, 1935, ZEMELLA, 1990 e ABREU, 1963 e 1982); na teoria dos campos lexicais (BIDERMAN, 1978, 1998 e 2001, COSERIU, 1977). Após a análise dos dados, constataram-se casos de retenções lingüísticas, de variações e de mudanças lingüísticas ao longo do tempo, a existência de um vocabulário regional e de casos de influências lexicais da região nordeste do Brasil, principalmente da Bahia. Os resultados deste estudo ressaltam aspectos históricos, sociais e culturais da região, destacando a importância do homem rural e da pecuária no município de Águas Vermelhas, assim como a relevância de um estudo lingüístico, com enfoque no léxico, para a descrição da língua portuguesa contemporânea do Brasil.
41
Pereira, Bruna Karla. "A convergência de sujeito e objeto direto por uma sintaxe de bases enunciativas." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/AIRR-7DHHCV.
Full textAbstract:
According to studies of the enunciation, the organic and the symbolic domains of language govern the linguistic functioning. In this theoretical frame, we deal with the concepts of referential base (RB) and condensation of anchorage of syntactic places in order to analyze clauses of the Portuguese language, such as Ocorreram mudanças, in a wide and diversified corpus. On one side, RB is the semantic dimension of the clause, which remains steady even if we modify the verbal agreement or the NP position. On another side, verbs that act in the mentioned condensation are those ones which allow these kinds of modifications. In addition, they condense the anchorage of the syntactic places, subject and object, in one only field of reference. Concerning the concept of RB, we should consider the following clauses: (1a) Mudanças ocorreram, (1b) Ocorreram mudanças and (1c) Ocorreu mudanças. The three clauses keep on the same RB, even though the position of theNP or the verbal agreement were modified. On the other hand, in a clause, such as (2) O cão mordeu o funcionário, if the position of the NP is modified, for instance: O funcionário mordeu o cão, the RB of (2) is modified as well. Concerning the concept of condensation of reference, in (2), the anchorage of two syntactic categories, subject and object, takes place in two domains of reference named, respectively, o cão and o funcionário. In contrast, in (1), this anchorage is condensed, that is, it takes place in the same domain of reference named mudanças. As a result, in clauses such as (1), there is a convergence of subject and object in the same NP. The convergence is outlined by a spectrum where three strata stand out: group A (verbs that favour only clauses with convergence), group B (verbs that favour clauses with or without convergence) and group C (verbs that do not favour clauses with convergence). First, Ocorrer exemplifies A, because this verb does not allow clauses such as Eles ocorreram mudanças; second, morder exemplifies C, because this verb does not allow the variation in the position of the NP without affecting the RB; third, acabar exemplifies B, because this verb allows clauses which are condensatives (Acabou a festa) and clauses which are not (Acabei o trabalho). Therefore, B is an intermediate category that puts in relief the continuous aspect of this spectrum. In sum, the concepts of RB and condensation of reference settle the analysis of convergence. This analysis, in its turn, offers contributions to the study of the injunctions of the symbolic domain in the organic configuration of grammatical categories, since we recognize that subject and object are no longer represented as autonomous categories in the syntactic chain. On the contrary, they acquire visibility only in the symbolic domain of their constitution.Consoante os estudos da enunciação, o funcionamento lingüístico é regido pelo orgânico e pelo simbólico. Nesta perspectiva, partimos dos conceitos de fundamento referencial (FR) e condensação da ancoragem de lugares sintáticos para analisarmos, em um corpus amplo e diversificado, sentenças como Ocorreram mudanças. FR é a dimensão semântica do enunciado que permanece estável mediante alteração naconcordância verbal ou na posição do SN. Por sua vez, verbos que se apresentam como condensativos são aqueles que, além de possibilitarem tais alterações, condensam a ancoragem de sujeito e objeto em um único campo de referência. Quanto ao FR, vejamos: (1a) Mudanças ocorreram, (1b) Ocorreram mudanças e (1c) Ocorreu mudanças. As três sentenças mantêm o mesmo FR, mesmo havendo variação na posição do SN e na concordância. Diferentemente, em (2) O cão mordeu o funcionário, a alteração na posição do SN, como em O funcionário mordeu o cão, modifica o FR. Quanto à condensação da referência, em (2), a ancoragem de sujeito e objeto ocorre em campos de referência distintos designados, respectivamente, o cão e o funcionário. Por outro lado, em (1), esta ancoragem ocorre, de modo condensado, no mesmo campo de referência designado mudanças. Por isso, em sentenças como (1), há uma convergência de sujeito e objeto no mesmo SN. Assim, a convergência é delineada por um espectro, no qual se sobressaem três estratos: grupo A (verbos que favorecem apenas ocorrências com convergência), grupo B (favorecem ocorrências com e sem convergência) e grupo C (não favorecem a convergência). Ocorrer representa A, pois não permite sentenças comoEles ocorreram mudanças; morder representa C, pois não permite alteração na posição do SN sem afetar o FR; por fim, acabar representa B, pois permite ocorrências condensativas (Acabou a festa) e não-condensativas (Acabei o trabalho). B é, portanto, uma categoria intermediária, que destaca o caráter contínuo deste espectro. Em suma, os conceitos de FR e condensação da referência fundamentam a análise da convergência. Esta análise, por sua vez, contribui para o estudo das injunções do simbólico na configuração orgânica das categorias gramaticais, pois se reconhece que os lugares sintáticos deixam de ter representação autônoma na linearidade sintática e só ganham visibilidade no domínio simbólico de sua constituição.
42
Morato, Elisson Ferreira. "Do conteúdo à expressão:: uma análise semiótica dos textos pictóricos de mestre Ataíde." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/AIRR-7DHPX5.
Full textAbstract:
In this work, we analyze, in the light of the plastic or visual semiotics (adevelopment of Greimas semiotics or French Semiotics), five texts/canvas about Christs life produced by the Baroque painter Manoel da Costa Ataíde. The main object of our investigation is the semi-symbolism, defined as a type of significant relationship that results from the articulation between the two plans that compose the text: the content plan and the expression plan. As the semi-symbolism is an articulation of categories belonging to the two plans, our approach includes the exam of the content plan, by means of the generative course of meaning, and of the expression plan, that, in the case of painting, includes dimensions related to space, light, color and form, considering also some relevant contributions of the History of Art (as the iconographic analysis). We found in the content plan of the texts/canvas by Mestre Ataíde categories that go through the religious (Christian) speech as a whole, but that were masterfully worked by the Baroque, such as the fundamental oppositions / humanity / vs / divinity / and /death / vs / life / and themes like perdition vs salvation. Those categories of the content plan are ratified by the categories of the expression plan, located in the topological dimension (central vs outlying), the photo-chromatic dimension (clear vs dark, hot colors vs cold colors) and the eidetic dimension (dilated vs contracted), building semi-symbolic relationships that are responsible for the effects of meaning generated in/by the text. In this way, the contents of the Baroque religious speech are expressed through aesthetic elements related to painting.No presente trabalho, analisamos cinco textos/telas do pintor barroco Manoel da Costa Ataíde, que retratou episódios da vida de Cristo, por meio da semiótica plástica ou visual, a qual constitui um desdobramento da semiótica greimasiana (ou francesa). O principal objeto de nossa investigação é o semi-simbolismo, definido como um tipo de relação significante que decorre da articulação entre os dois planos que formam o texto: o plano de conteúdo e o plano de expressão. Como as relações semi-simbólicas se dão entre categorias dos dois planos, nossa abordagem inclui o exame do plano de conteúdo, formado pelo percurso gerativo de sentido, e do plano de expressão, que, no caso da pintura, inclui dimensões relacionadas à espacialidade, à luz, à cor e à forma, sem perder de vista contribuições relevantes da histórica da arte (como a análise iconográfica). (Re)encontramos, no plano de conteúdo dos textos/telas de Mestre Ataíde, categorias que atravessam o discurso religioso (cristão) como um todo, mas que foram magistralmente trabalhadas pelo barroco, tais como as oposições fundamentais /humanidade/ vs /divindade/ e /vida/ vs /morte/ ou temáticas, como perdição vs salvação. Essas categorias do plano de conteúdo, homologadas às categorias do plano de expressão, que se situam nas dimensões topológica (central vs periférico), fotocromática (claro vs escuro, cores quentes vs cores frias) e eidética (dilatado vs contraído), constroem relações semi-simbólicas, responsáveis pelos efeitos de sentido gerados no/pelo texto. Dessa maneira, o conteúdo do discurso religioso barroco é expresso através de elementos estéticos característicos da pintura.
43
Cunha, Gustavo Ximenes. "O sequenciamento de textos como estratégia discursiva: Uma abordagem modular." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/AIRR-7DHPHK.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail part de l'hypothese selon laquelle, dans la revue Veja, l'ordre de presentation des textes de la section Brasil, section consacree a l'abordage d'evenements de la politique nationale, n'est pas fruit du hasard. Au contraire, on defend l'hypothese selon laquelle, dans Veja, la ¡ì mise en sequence ¡í des textes appartenant a la section Brasil constitue une importante strategie au moyen de laquelle la revue cherche a guider la construction de sens du lecteur, sans assumer de maniere explicite un positionnement politique et ideologique. Etant donne que cette strategie est un phenomene discursif complexe, on adopte ici comme instrument d.analyse le Modele d'Analyse Modulaire du Discours, parce que ce modele prend en compte non seulement des informations d'ordre linguistique, mais aussi des informations d'ordre textuel et situationnel qui entrent en jeu dans la constitution du discours. L'etude de cette strategie discursive releve, principalement, de la maniere dont est presente le traitement des informations. Dans le modele adopte, l'etude du traitement des informations se fait par le biais de la description de la forme d'organisation topicale. Au moyen de l'analyse des etapes de cette forme d'organisation, il sera possible de montrer que la ¡ì mise en sequence ¡í des textes de la section Brasil est une ressource dont la revue Veja peut se servir pour essayer d.influencer l'interpretation du lecteur, dans le but de l'amener a partager sa vision des evenements politiques nationaux.Este trabalho parte da hipótese de que, na revista Veja, a ordem de apresentação dos textos da seção Brasil, seção dedicada à abordagem de acontecimentos da política nacional, não é fruto do acaso. Ao contrário, defende-se a hipótese de que, na Veja, o seqüenciamento dos textos pertencentes à seção Brasil constitui uma importante estratégia por meio da qual a revista busca guiar a construção de sentidos do leitor, sem assumir de forma explícita um posicionamento político e ideológico. Por ser essa estratégia um fenômeno discursivo complexo, adotou-se o Modelo de Análise Modular do Discurso como instrumento de análise, uma vez que esse modelo leva em conta não só as informações de ordem lingüística, mas também as de ordem textual e situacional que entram em jogo na constituição do discurso. O estudo dessa estratégia discursiva diz respeito, principalmente, à forma como se dá o tratamento da informação. No modelo teórico-metodológico adotado, o tratamento da informação é focalizado na descrição da forma de organização tópica. Com a análise das etapas dessa forma de organização, será possível evidenciar que o seqüenciamento dos textos da seção Brasil é um recurso de que a revista Veja se vale para tentar direcionar a interpretação do leitor, com a intenção de levá-lo a compartilhar sua visão de acontecimentos políticos nacionais.
44
Fonseca, Aline Alves. "Pistas prosódicas e o processamento de sentenças ambíguas do tipo "SN1-V-SN2-Atributo" do Português Brasileiro." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/AIRR-7DGNEQ.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation arose from questions about the ambiguity in syntactic constructions like NP1-V-NP2-attribute as in The boy hugged the friend sweating (O rapaz abraçou o amigo suado), which can happen in Brazilian Portuguese. When this ambiguity occurs it refers to the syntactically ambiguous attachment of attribute, which can be locally attached to NP2 or non-locally to NP1. Two principles lead the parser in the sentence processing: Late Closure and Minimal Attachment. The Late Closure principle is applied to the above-mentioned construction in which the local attachment is considered default. This attachment preference was tested by Magalhães and Maia (2006) in silent and loud reading experiments in three modes: segmentation after the VP; segmentation after SP2; no segmentation. It was expected that the segmentation would cause a prosodic break and consequently a new prosodic phrasing which could be associated to the syntactic structure creating a non-local attachment of the attribute, thus supporting the Implicit Prosody Hypothesis (IPH) by Fodor (1998, 2002). However, the strength of the Late Closure psychological principle was confirmed in the experiments and there was a preference for the local attachment even in the segmented reading conditions which forced subjects to choose the non-local attachment. Nevertheless, after acoustic analysis of loud non-segmented reading, researches realized that in readings in which the non-local attachment was chosen, the subjects used some prosodic cues which help them have such interpretation. From this observation we searched for cues which confirmed that the prosody can lead the parsing, thus contradicting the expected syntactic principle in sentence processing like NP1-V-NP2-attribute. To corroborate these findings, production and perception experiments were carried out with spontaneous and manipulated prosody in order to verify at what extent prosodic cues can lead the listeners choice to a non-default attachment, in this case, instead of a nonlocal attachment. Besides having questionnaires, the perception tests were also monitored like the experiments done with the DMDX software for psycholinguistic studies. The obtained data ratify that when the prosody is used emphatically, it can undoubtedly direct the interpretation of sentences like the ones used in this work, that is, it can influence the listeners to interpret these sentences as non-default by attaching the attribute non-locally. Among the studied prosodic cues, the F0 raise in NP1 and in the attribute was the most remarkable one to the listeners, that is, the sentences which had this prosodic cue were mostly interpreted as non-local attachment. When the prosody is not emphatic, it seems that the structure processing is only Good Enough as proposed by Ferreira et al. (2002, 2007) following the syntactic principle of Local Attachment. Several studies in different languages have been carried out in an attempt to prove the viability of IPH (Implicit Prosody Hypothesis). This work also seeks evidence for the use of prosodic information in processing and therefore intends to contribute to the improvement of experimental prosodic studies in relation to psycholinguistic studies.Essa dissertação partiu de questionamentos em torno da ambigüidade que pode acontecer no português brasileiro na estrutura sintática do tipo SN1-V-SN2-Atributo, como em O rapaz abraçou o amigo suado. Tal ambigüidade, quando se apresenta, refere-se à aposição sintaticamente ambígua do Atributo, que pode ser aposto localmente ligando-se ao SN2, ou aposto não-localmente referindo-se ao SN1. Dois princípios conduzem o parser no momento do processamento de sentenças: Late Closure e Minimal Attachment. Para a estrutura em questão, aplica-se o princípio Late Closure, sendo, pois, a Aposição Local considerada default para esse tipo de sentença. Tal escolha de aposição foi testada por Magalhães e Maia (2006), pela aplicação de experimentos de leituras silenciosa/em voz alta, em frases do tipo acima, em três situações: com segmentação após SV; com segmentação após SN2; sem qualquer segmentação. Esperava-se que a segmentação introduzida nas sentenças gerasse uma ruptura prosódica e, conseqüentemente, um novo fraseamento prosódico que poderia ser associado à estrutura sintática, gerando Aposição Não-Local do atributo, confirmando a Hipótese da Prosódia Implícita (HPI), conforme proposta de Fodor (1998, 2002). No entanto, a força do princípio psicológico Late Closure foi comprovada nos experimentos, e a escolha pela Aposição Local foi majoritária até mesmo nas situações de leitura segmentada que forçavam a escolha dos informantes para Aposição Não-Local. Entretanto, após análise acústica do experimento na situação de leitura nãosegmentada em voz alta, os pesquisadores perceberam que, nas leituras em que a Aposição Não-Local foi escolhida, os informantes utilizaram certas pistas prosódicas que apontavam para tal interpretação. A partir dessa observação, iniciamos nosso trabalho buscando indícios que comprovassem que a prosódia pode conduzir o parsing, contrariando o princípio sintático esperado para o processamento de sentenças com a estrutura SN1-V-SN2-Atributo. Para confirmar isso, aplicamos experimentos de produção, e percepção, com prosódia espontânea e prosódia manipulada, para verificarmos em que grau pistas prosódicas podem direcionar a escolha dos ouvintes para uma aposição não-default, neste caso, para uma Aposição Não-Local. Utilizamos testes de percepção com questionários e também testes de percepção monitorados, como os experimentos realizados com o programa DMDX, para estudos psicolingüísticos. Os dados encontrados confirmam que a prosódia, quando empregada de forma enfática, pode sim direcionar a interpretação de sentenças como as utilizadas neste trabalho, ou seja, pode influenciar os ouvintes a interpretarem as sentenças com a estrutura SN1-V-SN2-Atributo da forma não-default, apondo o Atributo nãolocalmente. Dentre as pistas prosódicas estudadas, a Elevação da F0 no SN1 e no Atributo foi a mais expressiva para os ouvintes, ou seja, as sentenças com esta condição de pista prosódica foram interpretadas, em maior número, como Aposição Não-Local. Nos casos em que a prosódia não é enfática, parece-nos que o processamento das estruturas é apenas Good Enough, como proposta de Ferreira et all (2002, 2007), seguindo, pois, o princípio sintático de Aposição Local. Vários estudos em diversas línguas têm sido aplicados na tentativa de provar a viabilidade da HPI (Hipótese da Prosódia Implícita). Nosso trabalho também procura por evidências sobre o uso da informação prosódica no processamento e pretende, portanto, contribuir para o aprofundamento dos estudos prosódicos experimentais na interface com os estudos psicolingüísticos.
45
Lima, Marcus Antonio Assis. "O "contrato de diversão" do Jornal Impresso:: Cruzadas, horóscopos e quadrinhos." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/AIRR-7DDNFU.
Full textAbstract:
Les premières années de ce nouveau siècle ont été marquées dune façon épatante, par loffre de « contenus de divertissement ». Ainsi, les grands réseaux de communication, les « ateliers » de divertissement, les producteurs culturels, les artistes en général ont commencé à développer, chaque fois davantage, des nouvelles possibilités communicatives grâce aux différents formats de ces nouveaux contenus.Dans ce nouveau paysage, où le divertissement est valorisé, éthiquement et philosophiquement, dans le même niveau de son contraire (le travail) certaines sortes damusement sont effectuées et pratiquées. Maintenues par tradition dans les pages des journaux, des passe-temps comme les cartoons et les mots-croisés, parmi dautres,continuent à amuser le publique des dispositifs médiatiques traditionnels. Les prévisions du zodiaque continuent aussi à être publiées dans un monde où la connaissance humaine sur lunivers se développe et fait tomber, très vite, les anciens mythes. Dans lesrédactions des journaux et dans les universités où lon travaille sur la communication, le divertissement est vu surtout comme quelque chose de non-journalistique, et pour cela il est relégué à un second plan si on compare la rubrique « divertissement » avec dautres qui sont spécifiquement informatives. Dans ce contexte, ce travail essaie dedécrire les manières dorganisation et les stratégies discursives qui transforment les mots-croisés, les cartoons et lhoroscope dans une catégorie spéciale de discours dans le journal vu comme un tout. Cette thèse tient pour but montrer le rôle social que le divertissement a dans la vie contemporaine, puisque celui-ci détient (quon le veuille ou pas) un regard historique et social. Les pages de divertissement dun journal font enfin partie dun monde médiatisé et elles cristallisent limaginaire quotidien dun peuple, dun pays.Os primeiros anos deste novo século têm sido marcados pela oferta de conteúdos de entretenimento de uma forma nunca vista anteriormente. As grandes redes de comunicação, as indústrias de entretenimento, os produtores culturais, os artistas vêm, cada vez mais, incrementando essa nova possibilidade comunicativa criando novos evariados formatos para os novos conteúdos. Entretanto, nesse novo cenário, onde o entretenimento passa a ser valorizado, em termos éticos e filosóficos, no mesmo nível do seu oposto, o trabalho, alguns tipos de divertimento ainda permanecem sendo cultuados e praticados. Mantidos por tradição nas páginas dos jornais diários, passatempos como histórias em quadrinhos e palavras cruzadas, entre outros, continuama cativar o público desses dispositivos midiáticos tradicionais. Também as previsões zodiacais continuam sendo publicadas, em um mundo onde o conhecimento humano sobre o universo astronômico tem se desenvolvido quebrando antigos mitos muito rapidamente. Nas redações e na academia, o entretenimento é visto primordialmentecomo não-jornalístico, de modo que sempre foi relegado ao segundo plano, em relação aos textos especificamente informativos. Nesse contexto, buscamos, com este trabalho, descrever os modos de organização e os procedimentos discursivos que tornam ascruzadas, os quadrinhos e o horóscopo em uma categoria especial de textos dentro da massa impressa do jornal diário. Esta tese está estruturada de maneira a salientar o papel social que o entretenimento possui na vida contemporânea, por um viés histórico que mostra como essa função midiática cristalizou-se no imaginário cotidiano.
46
Arantes, Juliana Esteves. "O Livro Didático de Língua Estrangeira: Atividades de compreensão e habilidades no processamento de textos na leitura." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/AIRR-7DHHTA.
Full textAbstract:
The abilities involved in the process of reading in a foreign language (FL) should be developed in the activities of the English textbooks. The reading abilities considered as the theoretical framework in this study are those stated by the State of Minas Gerais official document which presents a pedagogical proposal for the teaching of English as a foreign language, PCSEE-MG (DIAS, 2005b). This document contains a common syllabus (CBC) that systematizes the necessary abilities to develop competence in English as a foreign language (EFL) and can serve as a parameter for the teaching of English. The present study aims at analyzing an English Textbook Collection for the second cycle of the Elementary School with focus on its written comprehension activities. This analysis is referred to the current theoretical principles for the teaching of reading in a foreign language (CELCEMURCIA & OLSHTAIN, 2000; CARREL & EISTERHOLD, 1988; DIAS, 2005b; GRABE & STOLLER, 2001, 2002; RAMOS, 2004) and is also supported by the recent research on textbook evaluation (ANSARY & BABAII, 2002; BYRD, 2001; EDMUNDSON, 2004; GRIGOLLETO, 2002; RACILAN, 2005, among others). Our study intends to verify if the written activities proposed in the textbooks are aimed to develop those referred specific reading abilities. The research methodology underlying this paper was based on qualitative principles and consists of a focused description (LARSEN-FREEMAN & LONG, 1991) as our interest resides specifically on the reading activities of the analyzed textbooks. The procedures of analyses used were the classification of the written comprehension activities according to the CBC stated reading abilities. The results were further displayed in tables and graphics to convey better visualization. Our findings confirmed the initial hypothesis of failure in the intent of developing reading fluency by the textbooks as they prioritarily emphasize the abilities of location of explicit information in the text, integration of verbal and non-verbal information, and to a lesser extent, inference of meaning based on the context and previous knowledge. Besides neglecting most of the necessary abilities involved in the process of reading in a FL, the activities analyzed also did not consider the concepts of textual genre that underlie the contemporary tendency in the teaching of reading in a FL. Reflection on this research data may lead to better comprehension of the processes underlying the current failure of schools in developing proficient readers, as well as may help improving the implementation and production of FL effective teaching materials.Acreditamos que as habilidades envolvidas no processo de leitura em língua estrangeira (LE) deveriam ser desenvolvidas nas atividades dos livros didáticos de ensino de Línguas estrangeiras com vistas à competência leitora do aluno do Ensino Fundamental. As habilidades consideradas como suporte teórico neste estudo são aquelas determinadas pelo documento oficial do Estado de Minas Gerais que apresenta uma proposta pedagógica para o ensino de inglês como língua estrangeira, PCSEE-MG (DIAS, 2005b). Este documento contém um currículo básico comum (CBC) que sistematiza as habilidades mínimas necessárias para o desenvolvimento básico da competência no uso do inglês como língua estrangeira em situações reais de interlocução pela leitura e que servem como parâmetro para o seu ensino no segundo ciclo do Ensino Fundamental. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar uma coleção de livros didáticos de inglês para o Ensino Fundamental com foco em suas atividades de compreensão escrita. Essa análise se baseia nos princípios teóricos atuais para o ensino de leitura em língua estrangeira (CELCE-MURCIA & OLSHTAIN, 2000; CARREL & EISTERHOLD, 1988; DIAS, 2005b; GRABE & STOLLER, 2001, 2002; RAMOS, 2004) e também considera a pesquisa recente em avaliação em livros didáticos (ANSARY & BABAII, 2002; BYRD, 2001; EDMUNDSON, 2004; GRIGOLLETO, 2002; RACILAN, 2005, entre outros). Pretendemos verificar se as atividades de compreensão escrita dos livros didáticos se propõem ao desenvolvimento daquelas habilidades de leitura já referidas. A metodologia de pesquisa utilizada neste trabalho se baseou em princípios qualitativos e consiste de uma descrição focalizada (LARSEN-FREEMAN & LONG, 1991) já que nosso interesse reside especificamente nas atividades de leitura dos livros didáticos analisados. O procedimento de análise usado foi basicamente a classificação das atividades de compreensão escrita de acordo com as habilidades de leitura sugeridas pelo CBC. Os resultados foram exibidos posteriormente em tabelas e gráficos para promover melhor visualização. Nossas constatações confirmaram a hipótese inicial de existência de lacunas no propósito de desenvolver competência em leitura pelos livros didáticos de LE já que suas atividades de leitura enfatizam prioritariamente habilidades de localização de informação explícita nos textos, integração de informação verbal e não verbal e, numa proporção menor, inferência de sentido baseada no contexto, e no conhecimento prévio. Além de negligenciar a maioria das habilidades necessárias envolvidas no processo de leitura em língua estrangeira, as atividades analisadas também não consideraram o conceito de gênero textual que permeia a tendência contemporânea no ensino de línguas estrangeiras. Reflexão sobre os resultados da pesquisa pode levar a uma melhor compreensão dos processos que levam à ineficiência das escolas em desenvolver leitores competentes, além de poder também promover a melhoria na implementação e produção de materiais didáticos de LE que visem um ensino mais efetivo.
47
Mattozo, Danivia da Cunha. "Estudo comparativo de adversativas no português e no catalão dos sécs. XII a XVI." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/AIRR-7DGQGB.
Full textAbstract:
This research went through the historical track of the Portuguese negative conjunctions mas, però and porem and the Catalan negative conjunctions mes and però, both from the XIII to the XVI centuries. In chapter 1, it was presented the history of both the Portuguese and the Catalan negative conjunctions. In this first part, the negativeness concept was analyzed through the study of traditional grammars. Later on, a brief review of the Portuguese negative conjunctions mas, però and porem and the Catalans mes and però was made, retaking their track from Latin to archaic Portuguese and Catalan. At this moment, it is listed the main processes by which they went through and the hypotheses that there are in the literature to explain them. In chapter 2, this research goals and methods are presented. In this chapter it is presented both the Portuguese and Catalan corpus, the way the data is collected, and the analysis proposal. The chapter 3 was reserved to the data description. The organized data are presented in a way that one is able to make a qualitative and quantitative analysis. In this analysis, the following aspects were observed: frequency; semantic values; syntactic joints level; syntactic position; sentence type and negative element accompaniment. In chapter 4, the pre-established hypotheses were reviewed, basing in results obtained by the data description, new considerations relationed with syntax aspects were proposed, comparation between Portuguese and Catalan items was made and new possible investigations were pointed. Finally, at the conclusion, the research results about the items mas, però and porém from the Portuguese and mes and però from the Catalan were reviewed.Esta pesquisa investigou a trajetória histórica das formas adversativas mas, però e porém do português e mes e però do catalão do séc. XIII ao XVI. No capitulo 1 foi apresentada a historia das adversativas do português e do catalão. Na primeira parte, analisou-se o conceito de adversatividade, através da consulta a gramáticas tradicionais. Em seguida, traçou-se um breve histórico das formas adversativas mas, però e porém do português e mes e però do catalão, retomando-se sua trajetória desde o latim ate o português e o catalão arcaicos. Nessa etapa foram listados os principais processos por que passaram as formas e as hipóteses presentes na literatura para explicá-los. No capitulo 2, foram apresentados os objetivos e o método desta pesquisa. Nesse capitulo foi apresentado o corpus do português e do catalão, a forma de coleta de dados e a proposta de analise. O capitulo 3 foi reservado a descrição dos dados. Foram apresentados os dados tabulados, de forma a se estabelecer uma analise quantitativa e qualitativa. Nessa analise levaram-se em conta os seguintes aspectos: freqüência; valores semânticos; nível de articulação sintática; posição sintática; tipo de oração e acompanhamento de elemento adversativo. No capitulo 4, reviram-se as hipóteses pré-estabelecidas, com base nos resultados obtidos com a descrição de dados, propuseram-se novas considerações referentes a aspectos sintáticos, estabeleceu-se comparação entre os itens do português e do catalão e enumeraram-se possíveis novas investigações a partir desta pesquisa. Finalmente, na conclusão, reviram-se os resultados desta pesquisa sobre os itens mas, però e porém do português e mes e però do catalão.
48
Junior, Jussaty Luciano Cordeiro. "O imbricamento entre vozes e ecos da cultura popular e da cultura erudita: Um estudo sobre o dialogismo da obra " O Queijo e os Vermes" de Carlo Ginzburg." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/AIRR-7DHK7U.
Full textAbstract:
Le but de notre dissertation de Mestrado est d'entreprendre une analyse discursive de l'oeuvre Le fromage et les vers de Carlo Ginzburg, à partir d'un cadre théorique composé de la théorie Sémiolinguistique de P. Charaudeau, de la notion de le Dialogisme de M. Bakhtine et de quelques éléments et procédés méthodologiques de la Nouvelle Histoire Culturelle. Ce travail a été organisé, premièrement, à partir de la définition et étude du statut du discours historiografique à travers la théorie Sémiolinguistique; ensuite, on a procédé à l'exploration et lapplication de quelques concepts tels quels : l'idée de fictionnalité, le dialogisme, la transgression de genres et les concepts de culture populaire et culture érudite; finalement, l'analyse du corpus nous a montré, à partir du dialogisme présent dans l'oeuvre, les possibilités d'identification et de compréhension du rapport de circularité entre la culture populaire et la culture érudite.A presente dissertação de mestrado tem por objetivo realizar uma análise discursiva da obra O Queijo e os vermes de Carlo Ginzburg, tendo como referencial teórico a Análise do Discurso, através da teoria semiolingüística de Patrick Charaudeau e do dialogismo de Mikhail Bakhtin, além dos elementos e referenciais metodológicos da Nova História Cultural. O trabalho é organizado a partir da definição e estudo do estatuto do discurso historiográfico dentro da teoria semiolingüística. Num momento seguinte, alguns conceitos são explorados, como a idéia de ficcionalidade, dialogismo, de transgressão de gêneros, e os conceitos de cultura popular e erudita. Por fim, temos a análise do corpus, na qual buscamos realizar um entrecruzamento dessas dimensões teóricas, a fim de demonstrar o dialogismo presente nos discursos analisados, apontando uma possibilidade de identificação e compreensão da presença dos elementos da cultura popular e erudita.
49
Arruda, Climene Fernandes Brito. "O processo de ressignificação de crenças e de mudança na prática pedagógica de um professor de inglês em educação continuada." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/AIRR-7DHHYM.
Full textAbstract:
This work aims to describe and discuss the process experienced by a teacher of English in the public educational system of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, after learning alternative models for his pedagogical practice. This study, developed on a qualitative basis, investigated: a) the teachers own beliefs about his approach to teaching and learning and about evaluation; b) if the teacher resignified his beliefs; c) if changes in the teachers pedagogical practice occured. Data were collected by means of narratives, written and oral; classroom observations; and reflective sessions. The process of analysis was based on questioning the beliefs related to the teachers pedagogical practice. The research shows that the teacher lives significant experiences during his participation in a project of continuing education for foreign language teachers and that he engages in a process of reflection and resignification of beliefs. However, the results reveal that the teacher faces difficulty in making changes in his approach to teaching and learning, but on the other hand, he implements significant changes in his process of evaluation. I conclude the work recommending that studies like this one can help teachers and teacher educators better understand teachers experiences and beliefs, and the processes of change in pedagogical practice.O presente trabalho busca descrever e discutir o processo vivenciado por um professor de inglês da rede pública do estado de Minas Gerais, após o conhecimento de modelos alternativos à sua prática pedagógica. O estudo, de natureza qualitativa, investigou (a) as crenças desse professor sobre a abordagem de ensino-aprendizagem e avaliação, (b) se o professor ressignificava suas crenças, e (c) se havia mudanças na sua prática pedagógica. Os dados foram coletados por meio de narrativas escritas e orais; de observações de aulas; e de sessões reflexivas. O procedimento de análise foi baseado no levantamento das crenças relacionadas à prática pedagógica do professor. A pesquisa mostra que o professor vivencia experiências significativas enquanto participante de um projeto de educação continuada de professores de línguas estrangeiras e se engaja em um processo de reflexão e de ressignificação de suas crenças. No entanto, os resultados indicam que o professor encontra dificuldade em operacionalizar mudanças em sua abordagem de ensinar, mas por outro lado, implementa mudanças significativas em seu processo de avaliar. Concluo o trabalho indicando que estudos como este, podem contribuir para uma melhor compreensão de formadores de professores e professores sobre as crenças e experiências de professores e sobre os processos de mudança na prática pedagógica.
50
Ribeiro, Ana Elisa Ferreira. "Navegar lendo, ler navegando -: Aspectos do Letramento Digital e da Leitura de Jornais." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/AIRR-7DDQ6S.
Full textAbstract:
Based upon the concepts of literacy, digital literacy and mosaic media, supported by Chartier's concept of hypertext and by Coscarelli's hypertextual theory of reading, this work discusses the relationship established by low level literacy readers with the reading of printed and digital newspapers. At first, this case study was carried out with 144 first semester undergraduates of a nursing course at a private school of Belo Horizonte . From questionnaire-generated reading profiles, a group of 23 students was selected to make tests on navigation and on reading. Printed and digital platforms of Estado de Minas and O tempo newspapers were selected. The subjects were divided into three groups: printed platform readers, digital platform readers and newspaper non-readers. The selected newspapers were analyzed concerning their usability. Readers were given navigation tasks to perform. Subjects had to answer questions, which were proposed in accordance with Saeb exam reading abilities matrix. The generated data show great variation in readers' behavior when dealing with mosaic media. And this was not dependent on whether printed or digital the platform was. Thus, good navigators may be poor readers and good readers may be poor navigators. It seems that the relationship between knowing how to manage the reading object and reading abilities is indirect and non-proportional. So, it was possible to conclude that reading newspapers depends upon the development of many other abilities, independently of the reading platform; that reading is built up from a complex superposition of abilities, and that most of them do not receive adequate attention from Linguistics and are not contemplated in the SAEB exam reading abilities matrix. Might this research contribute to a serious discussion on the relevance of reading and of teaching how to read, a teaches' attribution that gets more complex each day.Com base nos conceitos de letramento, letramento digital, mídias mosaiquicas, apoiado em uma concepção de hipertexto afiliada a conceitos de Roger Chartier e em uma teoria hipertextual de processamento da leitura (COSCARELLI, 1999), este trabalho mostra a relação de leitores pouco letrados com a leitura de jornais impressos e digitais. Este estudo de caso foi desenvolvido, em uma primeira etapa, com 144 alunos do primeiro período do curso de Enfermagem de uma instituição privada de ensino, em Belo Horizonte. A partir do perfil de leitores gerado por questionários, um grupo de 23 alunos foi selecionado para fazer testes de navegação e leitura nos jornais Estado de Minas e O Tempo, nas plataformas impressa e digital. Estes alunos foram divididos em três grupos: leitores de jornais impressos, de jornais digitais e não-leitores de jornais. O Estado de Minas e O Tempo foram analisados quanto à sua usabilidade e os leitores foram submetidos a testes em que deveriam cumprir uma tarefa simples de navegação. As habilidades de leitura foram medidas a partir de testes de leitura de notícias. Os alunos deveriam responder a questões propostas com base em descritores da matriz de Língua Portuguesa do Saeb. Os dados gerados pela pesquisa mostram grande variação nos comportamentos dos leitores de mídias mosaiquicas. Essa variação de letramento independe de a plataforma em que lêem notícias ser impressa ou digital. Bons navegadores podem se mostrar leitores fracos, assim como bons leitores podem se mostrar maus navegadores. A relação entre saber gerenciar o objeto de ler e as habilidades leitoras não se mostrou direta e proporcional. Conclui-se que a leitura se constrói a partir de uma sobreposição complexa de habilidades, grande parte delas sem atenção adequada da Lingüística e da matriz de Língua Portuguesa do Saeb. Embora seja importante que o leitor desenvolva letramentos vários, é possível apresentar habilidades assimétricas em relação a diferentes aspectos da leitura, sendo um deles os procedimentos ajustados ao objeto de ler. Os leitores mais competentes dos testes são aqueles que têm experiência na leitura freqüente de livros, jornais e outros objetos. A leitura de jornais depende do desenvolvimento de uma gama de habilidades, independentemente da plataforma de leitura. Talvez esta pesquisa possa contribuir para uma discussão séria sobre a importância de ler e ensinar a ler, atribuição a cada dia mais complexa para os professores.