Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'AJPE'

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Direito, Curso de Pós-Graduação em Direito, 2017.
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Políticas Públicas de apoio a investimentos diretos no exterior há tempos despertam o interesse de governos e atores econômicos em diversos países. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a possibilidade de criação, no sistema normativo brasileiro, do seguro de investimento no exterior. Trata-se de apoio oficial comparável à garantia que Agências de Crédito à Exportação oferecem a empresas multinacionais de seus países com o objetivo de mitigar riscos políticos e extraordinários do investimento no estrangeiro. Para analisar as condições e conteúdos de uma tal política, examinamos o cenário atual de investimentos diretos sob a ótica brasileira, bem como o desequilíbrio entre as políticas de atração de investimentos externos e as políticas de promoção de investimentos ao exterior. Ademais, tratamos especificamente da configuração institucional do seguro de investimento no exterior, abrangendo seus fundamentos econômicos e jurídicos, e aspectos de sua utilização em outros ordenamentos. Ainda inexistente no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, o seguro de investimento chegou a ser objeto de proposta de lei em 2016. Apesar de aprovada no Congresso Nacional, a criação do seguro foi vetada durante a fase de sanção presidencial, o que indica a existência de controvérsias em relação a esse mecanismo de política econômica. Com base no marco teórico e na metodologia ofertados pela Análise Jurídica da Política Econômica (AJPE), apresentamos um exercício comparativo para contrastar a fruição empírica de direitos de produção dos investidores apoiados por diferentes regimes de seguro de investimento, cotejando os dados com os relativos à fruição empírica de direitos que seria ofertada pelo governo brasileiro caso a proposta de lei vetada houvesse entrado em vigor. Em conclusão, propomos uma nova minuta de projeto de lei, que confira ao investidor brasileiro proteção jurídica equivalente à recebida por seus concorrentes internacionais.
Public policies designed to support outward direct investments have for some time sparked the interest of governments and economic agents in several countries. This paper aims to analyze the possibility of introducing in the Brazilian legal system an Overseas Investment Insurance (OII) against political risks, which is comparable to guarantees offered by Export Credit Agencies to multinational enterprises in many countries. We examine the current scenario of direct investments from the Brazilian perspective and also look at the unbalance between public policies that attract foreign investments into Brazil and those that promote Brazilian investments overseas. Moreover, we investigate the institutional set-up of OII policies, their economic and legal footing and some aspects of their operation in other countries. While still inexistent under Brazilian law, the Brazilian government did sponsor a legislative bill which proposed to institute an OII policy. This bill was vetoed, however, by the Executive before coming into force, a situation that denoted the controversial character of the proposed policy. Finally, based on the theoretical framework and the methodology offered by the Legal Analysis of Economic Policy (LAEP), we engage in a comparative exercise in order to contrast the empirical fruition of “production rights” of investors backed by different OII regimes. The policy features which we describe are then contrasted with the conditions of rights fruition that would be offered by the Brazilian government should the legislative bill have entered into force. To conclude, we propose and elaborate a new draft legislation under which guarantees to Brazilian investors are proposed to be offered, in line with policy parameters comparable to the protection afforded to international investors under foreign laws.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Direito, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito, 2018.
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A previdência complementar fechada, institucionalizada por meios dos conhecidos “Fundos de Pensão”, vem cada vez mais expandindo sua atuação no mundo e no Brasil. As reformas da previdência social em todo o mundo, aliada à expansão dos mercados financeiros globais, alçaram os fundos de pensão ao patamar de principais investidores institucionais nestes mercados. Portanto, os fundos de pensão necessitam conciliar sua função de grandes investidores como o seu principal papel, que é o pagamento de benefícios previdenciários a trabalhadores, proporcionando-lhes cobertura de riscos sociais (velhice, morte, invalidez, etc.). A presente dissertação teve por objetivo analisar as regras da gestão de capital dos fundos de pensão no Brasil, mediante a utilização do referencial teórico e metodologia desenvolvida pela Análise Jurídica da Política Econômica – AJPE. Esta abordagem jurídica, de caráter teórico e empírico, permitiu o exame do atual cenário jurídico da regulação do setor de previdência complementar fechada no Brasil, com ênfase na gestão dos valores da poupança previdenciária e portfólios contratuais do regime criado a partir da década de 70. Desse modo, foi possível a realização de pesquisa empírica e teórica com o objetivo de verificar, mediante a utilização de indicadores de fruição empírica e padrões de validação jurídica, bem como a análise de redes contratuais e efeitos da deflexão monetária interportfólio, a efetiva fruição de direitos fundamentais de que são titulares os participantes do regime previdenciário privado. A conclusão da pesquisa indica a necessidade de reformas em diplomas regulatórios do setor, com intuito primordial de assegurar a efetividade dos direitos fundamentais decorrentes da relação jurídica previdenciária, ao mesmo tempo em que aponta para necessidade de aprofundamento dos debates acadêmicos acerca do tema.
Closed pension plans, institutionalized by means of the so-called "Pension Funds", are increasingly expanding their activities in the world and in Brazil. Social security reforms around the world coupled with the expansion of global financial markets have pushed pension funds to the top of institutional investors in these markets. Therefore, pension funds need to reconcile their role as large investors as their main role, which is the payment of social security benefits to workers, providing them with coverage of social risks (old age, death, disability, etc.). The purpose of this dissertation was to analyze the rules of capital management of pension funds in Brazil, using the theoretical framework and methodology developed by the Legal Analysis of Economic Policy - AJPE. This theoretical and empirical legal approach allowed the examination of the current legal scenario of the regulation of the private pension sector closed in Brazil, with emphasis on the management of the social security savings values and contractual portfolios of the regime created from the 1970s. Thus, it was possible to carry out empirical and theoretical research with the objective of verifying, through the use of empirical fruition indicators and legal validation standards, as well as the analysis of contractual networks and the effects of inter-portfolio monetary deflection, the effective fruition of rights of the participants of the private pension scheme. The conclusion of the research indicates the need for reforms in the sector's regulatory legislation, with the primary purpose of ensuring the effectiveness of the fundamental rights arising from the legal relationship between social security and the need to deepen the academic debates on the subject.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Direito, 2014.
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O Brasil busca superar seu quadro de exclusão digital por meio de uma política pública ampla para massificação do acesso ao serviço de banda larga: o Plano Nacional de Banda Larga (PNBL). Embora o PNBL seja um passo importante, ele não tem refletido as expectativas da sociedade civil, isto é, o que a sociedade compreende como adequado ou mesmo “justo” em termos de fruição de um serviço de banda larga de qualidade. Diante disso, esta dissertação procura mapear as críticas formuladas em relação ao PNBL nos diversos discursos da sociedade civil, seja por entidades da sociedade civil, seja por órgãos técnicos e governamentais, a fim de verificar possíveis falhas na política pública em questão. Utilizando-se da metodologia proposta pela Análise Jurídica da Política Econômica (AJPE) e de seu ferramental analítico, o trabalho apresenta uma avaliação do PNBL, de maneira a incorporar expectativas da sociedade civil brasileira, por meio da fixação de um padrão de validação jurídica –PVJ. A avaliação incorpora, também, elementos obtidos em uma comparação internacional entre Planos Nacionais de Banda Larga de países selecionados e o PNBL,propiciadora da construção de um índice de fruição empírica - IFE. Por fim, esta dissertação busca apontar caminhos possíveis para solucionar as falhas encontradas na política pública em análise. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
In an attempt to overcome digital exclusion, Brazil recently adopted a policy aimed atthe massification of local access to broadband service: the National Broadband Plan(PNBL). Whereas the introduction of this new policy is an important step towardsmassification of broadband use in Brazil, it has not reflected civil society's expectations- that is: what society perceives as “adequate” or even "fair" in terms of access tobroadband service. This dissertation proposes to map out the criticisms formulatedagainst the PNBL – including those criticisms formulated by civil society, by technicalbodies and governmental agencies - in order to gauge possible failures in the publicpolicy under analysis. By employing the methodology developed by the Legal Analysisof Economic Policy (LAEP) and its analytical framework, we offer an evaluation of thePNBL, in a way that comprehends civil society’s concerns as represented in a proposed“right fruition benchmark” (RFB). The evaluation also takes into account elementsobtained from international comparison of selected National Broadband plans, yieldingthe elaboration of an “index” of empirical effectiveness (IEE). Finally, we point topossible reforms that may be considered in order to overcome flaws identified in thepublic policy under analysis.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
This research aims to address the Kulina s madija collectives in the lower Juruá river, focusing on the specific framework of Ajie ritual. The results of the analysis are organized into two parts. The first one ( The Kulina s madija collectives ), some configuration aspects of the madija collectives are presented within the Arawan context from the available litera-ture, and in the specific context of madija collectives in the lower Juruá. The second part ( The Kulina rituals in the lower Juruá ) discusses the ethnography of Rami, Tocorime and Ajie rituals. The description of Rami and Tocorime rituals addresses the features of similarity and contrast in relation to the Ajie ritual. As the purpose in not to reify the madija collectives, but describing the relationship model of madija which moves the human and non-human so-ciality, the ethnography of Ajie projects this ritual as instance that creates humanity and re-stores the model of madija relationship: the fragmentation, where shamanism is the main mechanism.
Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo abordar os coletivos madija dos Kulina no baixo Ju-ruá, focando no contexto específico do ritual do Ajie. Os resultados da análise estão organiza-dos em duas partes. Na primeira ( Os coletivos madija dos Kulina ) são apresentados aspectos da configuração dos coletivos madija dentro do contexto arawa a partir da bibliografia existen-te, bem como o contexto dos coletivos madija dos Kulina no baixo Juruá. A segunda parte ( Os rituais kulina no baixo Juruá ) é dedicada a uma etnografia dos rituais do Rami, do Toco-rime e do Ajie. A descrição dos rituais do Rami e do Tocorime aborda os elementos de seme-lhança e de contraste em relação ao ritual do Ajie. Dado que o propósito não é reificar os cole-tivos madija, mas descrever o modelo de relação dos madija que movimenta a socialidade humana e não-humana, a etnografia do Ajie projeta este ritual como instância que cria huma-nidade e que reestabelece o modelo de relação madija: a fragmentação, onde o xamanismo é o mecanismo principal.

This research aims at finding how BBC and AJE media represented the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The study examines the news website, which reported the recent escalation of Jerusalem conflict in December 2017, where US President Trump have recognized Jerusalem as Israeli capital, and declared to move the US embassy from Tel-Aviv to Jerusalem. The study uses qualitative research, where it investigated the impact of ideology on media discourse by means of critical discourse analysis (DHA, Topoi, and Social actor’s representation). CDA was carried out for a sample of 8 news articles published on the websites of two networks: the British Broadcasting Corporation World news "BBCWN" and the Middle Eastern Qatari owned "Al Jazeera English". The articles were chosen within the month of December 2017. Articles were analyzed by means of the two-level analysis method, including the thematic and in-depth analysis. On the first, entry-level analysis, I focus on contents of texts and outline the discourse topics. While in the second phase I analyze the means of discursive strategies and the representation of social actors utilized throughout the text. The thematic analysis revealed that, both BBC and AJE have covered the incident similarly in general look. However, in-depth analysis showed that each network had portrayed the images of Israelis and Palestinians differently. On contrast of AJE, BBC tends to perceive Palestinians as a threat and the Israeli one as victims of the Palestinian violation. Moreover, the analysis revealed that each network had different ideologies and aims. The study concludes that AJE articles was biased pro-Palestinians, while BBC articles was biased pro-Israelis.

Objectives: We examined the effects of market income inequality (income inequality before taxes and transfers) and income redistribution via taxes and transfers on inequality in longevity. Methods: We used life tables to compute Gini coefficients of longevity inequality for all individuals and for individuals who survived to at least 10 years of age. We regressed longevity inequality on market income inequality and income redistribution, and we controlled for potential confounders, in a cross-sectional time-series sample of up to 28 predominantly Western developed countries and up to 37 years (1974-2011). Results: Income inequality before taxes and transfers was positively associated with inequality in the number of years lived; income redistribution (the difference between market income inequality and income inequality after taxes and transfers were accounted for) was negatively associated with longevity inequality. Conclusions. To the extent that our estimated effects derived from observational data are causal, governments can reduce longevity inequality not only via public health policies, but also via their influence on market income inequality and the redistribution of incomes from the relatively rich to the relatively poor.

Uppsatsens syfte är att titta på hur det svenska underrättelsereglementet från 2010 förhåller sig till kontemporära COIN teorier i en internationell miljö. Sverige saknar en egen COIN doktrin och nyttjar idag den amerikanska doktrinen FM 3-24 samtidigt som ett arbete sker för att anpassa reglementen mot NATO doktriner för ökad interoperabilitet. Undersölningen jämför därför FM UndR med underrättelsedoktriner samt COIN doktriner från USA och NATO. Uppsatsen utgår från David Kilcullens COIN teorier för underrättelsetjänst vilka operationaliserats i ett analysverktyg som anlagts på empirin. Resultatet av undersökningen visar att det svenska underrättelsereglementet har stora brister kopplat till det perspektiv som förespråkas inom COIN-sfären. Trots detta finns stora likheter till både amerikanska så väl som NATO doktrinerna 2.0 vilka rör underrättelsetjänst. Med detta som bakgrund kan slutsatsen dras att FM UndR utgör en tillräcklig grund för att svensk underrättelse personal ska kunna tillgodogöra sig av både amerikanska och NATO COIN doktrinerna.

In a global media environment characterized by change and conflict, narratives are especially useful to understand how the media form and distribute shared understanding of how the world works and who the important actors are. As the borders between local and global politics are blurred in the digital media landscape, protesters are in increased rate turning their placards to global broadcasters’ cameras, especially when political movements such as the U.S.-based Black Lives Matter movement get international counterparts. The scholarship concerned with the framework through which the media report protests argue the protest paradigm offers useful variables for the study of protests, while problematizing the lack of research on global broadcasting media. Global broadcasters, International Relations scholars argue, need to be understood as resources of soft power that distribute strategic narratives, but they have yet to develop a methodology for how broadcasts can be empirically studied. With this research gap as a point of departure, the chosen case study is the unrest in Ferguson in August 2014. A quantitative mapping and a comparative narrative analysis focusing on the narrative structure were conducted on 16 days of news bulletins from Al Jazeera English, BBC World News and RT. The results show several differences in the reports, the first concerns the amount of attention that was given to Ferguson by each broadcaster, where RT gave almost twice the amount of attention as the other two broadcasters. Further differences were found in the sources each broadcaster used and how they used violence as an entry-point to what their narratives where about, which in the case of AJE was the effects violence has on a society; BBCW’s narrative was of a political issue of high importance that concerns people of color; whereas RT’s narrative was about the militarization of the U.S. police force. The results imply the global broadcasters offer distinctive narratives, which through different storytelling techniques convey different attitudes and morals.

Among the Yoruba àjé&dotbelow; is the primordial force of causation and creation. Àjé&dotbelow; is the power of the feminine, of female divinity and women, and àjé&dotbelow; is the women themselves who wield this power. Unfortunately, àjé&dotbelow; has been translated witch/witchcraft with attendant malevolent connotations. Though the fearsome nature of àjé&dotbelow; cannot be denied, àjé&dotbelow; is a richly nuanced term. Examination of Yoruba sacred text, Odu Ifa, reveals àjé&dotbelow; to be an endowment gifted to female divinity from the Source of Creation. Female divinity empowered their mortal daughters with àjé&dotbelow;—spiritual and temporal power exercised in religious, judicial, political, and economic domains throughout Yoruba history. However, in contemporary times àjé&dotbelow; have been negatively branded as witches and attacked.

The dissertation investigates factors contributing to the duality in attitude towards àjé&dotbelow; and factors that contributed to the intensified representation of their fearsome aspects to the virtual disavowal of their positive dimensions. Employing transdisciplinary methodology and using multiple lenses, including hermeneutics, historiography, and critical theory, the place of àjé&dotbelow; within Yoruba cosmology and historical reality is presented to broaden understanding and appreciation of the power and role of àjé&dotbelow; as well as to elucidate challenges to àjé&dotbelow;. Personal experiences of àjé&dotbelow; are spoken to within the qualitative interviews. Individuals with knowledge of àjé&dotbelow; were interviewed in Yorubaland and within the United States.

Culture is not static. A critical reading of Odu Ifa reveals the infiltration of patriarchal influence. The research uncovered that patriarchal evolution within Yoruba society buttressed and augmented by the patriarchy of British imperialism as well as the economic and social transformations wrought by colonialism coalesced to undermine àjé&dotbelow; power and function.

In our out-of-balance world, there might be wisdom to be gleaned from beings that were given the charge of maintaining cosmic balance. Giving proper respect and honor to "our mothers" (awon iya wa) who own and control àjé&dotbelow;, individuals are called to exercise their àjé&dotbelow; in the world in the cause of social justice, to be the guardians of a just society.

Global sport competitions such as the Olympics and the World Cup were founded following universal principles of unity and peace and aiming to be celebrations of sportsmanship. Nowadays, however, they go beyond sport, being constructed as global media events in which both politics and media play an essential role. Caught in this triangle, the Olympics and the World Cup have re-emerged in the past years as sites of protests, after decades of relative calmness in this sense. This represents the point of entry into the analysis of global broadcasters, giving the chance to examine the way in which Al Jazeera English, BBC World News and Russia Today represent the protests they put in relation to sport competitions happening in different parts of the world. The chosen case studies are the London Olympics 2012, Sochi Olympics 2014 and Brazil World Cup 2014. The comparative analysis allows the drawing of similarities and differences between both the case studies and the broadcasters overall. The findings show that protests are dealt with differently according to the sport event they are related to, since some of them are legitimized and others are not. A major distinction, therefore, results in the manner in which the broadcasters use the protests in order to depict a certain version of the world. Global broadcasters offer, thus, multiple perspectives on the world as they carry what appears to be a heavy cultural baggage of the societies of origin.

O presente documento descreve a participação do aluno num programa de estágio académico no âmbito da formação superior em grau de mestrado, na área do design de produto e interfaces. Este estágio promove a cooperação entre entidades, sendo os principais intervenientes o aluno, a Escola Superior de Artes e Design de Matosinhos e a empresa de acolhimento AJP Motos. Os primeiras intervenções do aluno foram úteis para a sua integração na empresa, nomeadamente a execução de um novo conjunto de decorações para os modelos AJP a comercializar em 2013 e a reorganização da estrutura do stand de exposições da AJP para o espaço disponível na feira de Londres de 2012. Esses trabalhos foram essenciais para um entendimento inicial do funcionamento interno e do modelo de produção da empresa, permitindo também a aquisição de noções prévias acerca do posicionamento de mercado da AJP. O projecto principal assenta na execução de um modelo que permitirá à marca uma deslocação do seu nicho de mercado actual, abrindo portas à entrada no mercado das motas urbanas. Todo o projecto é desenvolvido com base em princípios de economia de recursos e aproveitamento do know how detido pela AJP em 25 anos de experiência com motas de enduro, respeitando os conceitos de durabilidade e acessibilidade, tal como o aspecto prático bem patente nos modelos em produção, principalmente no modelo que serve de base ao projecto.

Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Negócios Internacionais
No contexto empresarial, as estratégias de internacionalização têm ganho cada vez um maior destaque. A abertura e o alargamento dos mercados e o aumento da concorrência a um nível acelerado, acompanhado pela inovação, levam a que as empresas não se limitem apenas ao mercado doméstico e/ou a um único mercado internacional. A internacionalização exige que a empresa reúna determinadas competências, que lhe possibilite diferenciar-se de todas as outras. Quando se refere a empresas de pequeno porte, que têm poucos recursos financeiros, esta questão torna-se mais complexa. Assim, é importante salientar que a competitividade passa pela marca, diferenciação e todos os serviços associados aos produtos, tal como os acordos estabelecidos com parceiros localizados no mercado de destino. O estudo das estratégias de internacionalização e da competitividade é importante. O objetivo deste relatório foi analisar a temática da internacionalização, através de um estudo de caso da única produtora de motociclos em Portugal, a AJP Motos. Esta empresa iniciou o seu processo de internacionalização em 2003 e desde então que considera a sua incursão internacional um imperativo, sendo mesmo uma questão de sobrevivência. É de referir que o processo de internacionalização da AJP privilegiou desde o início o modo de entrada através da exportação direta com os concessionários. Para o sucesso e o reconhecimento internacional contribuíram fatores como a marca e sobretudo a qualidade e diferenciação do produto. Contudo não se pode admitir que a empresa tenha uma estratégia de longo prazo previamente delineada. Esta reage ao mercado e faz as alterações conforme as necessidades. Esta realidade evidência desorganização estrutural, pois a empresa só lida com leitura de dados estatísticos e números de venda reais no final do ano civil. Em suma, este relatório permitiu reunir um conjunto de informação relacionada com os processos de internacionalização das empresas. Quando a informação é cruzada com o processo da empresa em estudo, a AJP, verifica-se que a internacionalização existe mas consiste num processo com algumas falhas e de reação às necessidades de mercado.
In the business context, internationalization strategies have gained greater prominence. The opening, the expansion of markets and the increasing competition at an accelerated level, followed by innovation, means that companies are not just confined to the domestic market and / or a single international market. Internationalization requires that the company gathers certain competences which enables it to differ itself from all the others. When it refers to small business companies, with limited financial resources, this issue becomes more complex. Thus, it is important to note that competitiveness goes through brand differentiation and all the services associated with products, such as the agreements with partners located in the target market. The study of internationalization and competitiveness strategies is important. The purpose of this report was to analyse the theme of internationalization, through a case study of the only producer of motorcycles in Portugal, AJP Motos. This company started its internationalization process in 2003 and since then it considers its international foray imperative, even as a matter of survival. It should be referred that the process of internationalization of AJP focused from the start the input mode through direct export with dealers. For its success and international recognition contributed factors such as the brand and above all the quality and product differentiation. However it is unacceptable that the company has a long-term strategy previously outlined. This, responds to the market and makes changes as needed. This reality points structural evidence disorganization, as the company only deals with reading statistical data and actual sales numbers at the end of the calendar year. To sum, this report permitted to gather a set of information related to the companies' internationalization processes. When information is crossed with the studied business process, the AJP verifies that there is an internationalization process but with some flaws and reaction to market needs.

This thesis discusses military operations planning and methodology by reviewing two of NATO’s planning documents, i.e. the ‘Allied Joint Doctrine for Operational-Level Planning’ (AJP 5) and the ‘Comprehensive Operations Planning Directive’ (COPD), and defends the following claim. Parts of the description of NATO’s Operational-Level Planning Process (OLPP), as described in the AJP 5 and the COPD, is methodologically inconsistent (contradictory), due to epistemic and practical implications of methodology. As such, the thesis discusses three topics: approaches to Operational Art, planning heuristics and implications of methodology. The thesis also intertwines military operations planning, methodology and military problem-solving. This thesis consists of two published papers and an introduction. The introduction explains and further discusses operations planning as well as terms and concepts stated within the two papers. Paper I focuses on the AJP 5 and discusses the methodological distinction between two approaches within Operational Art, denoted the ‘Design’ and the ‘Systemic’ approach. The distinction between these approaches is vague and paper I states one epistemic and one practical implication of methodology. Paper II focuses on the COPD and discusses two specific planning heuristics. The first relates to the Systemic approach and the second heuristic relates to the third approach denoted the ‘Causalist’ approach within Operational Art. A methodological contradiction exists between these specific heuristics and paper II states one epistemic and three practical implications of methodology. Briefly, this thesis implies that parts of NATO’s description of the OLPP suffers from a methodological contradiction. Hence, a suggestion is to revise parts of the AJP 5 and the COPD. The thesis also suggest the development of a “NATO handbook of methodology” to better explain methodological implications on military operations planning and the “how to” of military problem-solving.

QC 20170403